Bakgrund: Nya tankar inom strategiområdet menar att bland annat meningsfullhet, värderingar och organisationens syfte är viktiga aspekter att betona för att företag ska kunna skilja sig ur mängden och därmed locka till sig kunder och personal. Den svenska äldreomsorgen står idag inför en stor utmaning när det gäller att trygga den framtida personalförsörjningen. En åldrande befolkning, ökade vårdbehov samt den höga medelåldern på dagens personal inom äldrevården är några faktorer som bidrar till ämnets aktualitet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera hur arbetet med personalförsörjningsfrågor sker inom den svenska äldreomsorgen. Undersökningen kommer att fokusera på hur de tre aspekterna meningsfullhet, organisationens syfte samt grundvärderingar används strategiskt i detta arbete. Vi ämnar även identifiera och diskutera eventuella skillnader mellan privata och offentliga organisationer i den här frågan. Genomförande: Undersökningen har utförts genom åtta personliga intervjuer med personal inom svensk äldreomsorg. Resultat: Av studien har det framkommit att de studerade organisationerna arbetar på ett liknande sätt med personalfrågor. Det mest centrala inom detta arbete är vidareutbildning, medarbetarsamtal, närvarande ledarskap samt hälsoarbete. Meningsfullhet, grundvärderingar och organisationens syfte är på olika sätt och i olika stor utsträckning närvarande i personalarbetet. Extern kommunikation gentemot arbetsmarknaden sker i liten utsträckning, då rekryteringsbehovet är litet i dagsläget. Vissa åtgärder har införts för att trygga personalförsörjningen på lång sikt, om än i begränsad omfattning. I det här arbetet finns främst tankar om att exponera meningsfullheten i arbetet samt organisationernas grundläggande värderingar, medan syftet inte fokuseras på.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hemtjänstpersonalens erfarenheter av ett datoriserat kvalitetssäkringssystem. Vi var intresserade av hemtjänstpersonalens kunskaper om kvalitetssäkringssystemet samt vad systemet hade åstadkommit. En del studier i tidigare forskning lyfte fram frågan om kvalitet kan mätas med användning av ny teknik. Andra studier hade visioner om att den nya tekniken skulle kunna förändra, utveckla och förbättra äldreomsorgen. En kvantitativ metod användes med enkätformulär. Studien var begränsad till ett datoriserat kvalitetssäkringssystem/Smith-systemet. I undersökningen ingick 71 hemtjänstpersonal från tre olika län. Resultatet prövades utifrån ett kvalitetsperspektiv där TQM-teorin samt Argyris teori om organisatorisk lärande ingick. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av hemtjänstpersonalen ansåg att Smith-systemet var ett verktyg för dokumentation av utförda arbetsuppgifter och redovisning av arbetstid sam säkrade kvaliteten inom hemtjänsten. Smith-systemet underlättade inte tidsplaneringen och skapade inte heller mer tid för omsorgsarbete. Yrkesrollens status och kompetens höjdes inte med användning av Smith-systemet. Hemtjänstpersonalen upplevde sig inte mer delaktiga i kvalitetsarbetet och de ansåg inte heller att de utvecklats i sin yrkesroll genom användningen av Smith-systemet. Det behövs ytterligare studier för att det ska vara möjligt att kritiskt granska dess effekter.

The dissertation What to do and how to be reflects upon the professional skills needed by unit managers and nursing staff within the institutions of eldercare. Throughout the study, three conceptions are essential: formal education and training, professional skills, and individual competence. In order to understand the professional skills within its proper context, an activity perspective has been applied. The study is based on empirical materials, historical and present national and municipal documents, interviews with and observations of unit managers as well as questionnaires filled in by nursing staff members. A main result is the stress the respondents put on the importance of individual competence among unit managers and nursing staff members. “How to be” is more important than formal training and professional skills. To work with – and develop – individual competence therefore becomes momentous both to job activities and to education. The result shows a discrepancy between the way professional skills are discussed and the actual work performance. A lot of tasks carried out by unit managers and nursing stuff are never mentioned in connection with professional skills. The unit manager’s task is to lead both unit operations and staff work. Such responsibilities demand basic knowledge in social sciences, an overall understanding of the work activities from political management, job conditions and duties of the nursing staff. The professional skills given priority are those present in organisations and leadership. Problematic are economic and budget tasks which may sometimes cause unit managers to give up their economic responsibility, favouring client – directed over economy – directed care. The main task of the nursing staff is the care of elderly. It calls for social, caring, medical and housekeeping skills. For this one needs an upper secondary level education supplying the students with solid knowledge within social science as well as basic medicine and an overall understanding of the situation and needs of the elderly. Throughout the study, knowledge of the demented and of other mental disorders is emphasized as well as treatment of elderly persons suffering from those disorders. Units still have a long way to go before reaching the goal that every nursing staff member be given a formal education. Some municipalities already offer employees shorter nursing staff training. As to the rest, the educational development is neglected.

The aim of this dissertation is to illustrate the manner in which assistance is distributed to the elderly according to the social services law in Sweden. It will focus on the processing officers/"street-level bureaucrats" who have been assigned, based on their profession, the task of assessing and deciding about the distributing of assistance. Central issues include the manner in which process officers go about their assignement and how their actual performance appears in comparision with the prescribed course of action. The dissertation´s starting pionts are in part, the legal regulations in the form of the social service law´s material and procedural rules, and in part the role as street-level bureaucrat and the construction of the client. The data which forms the basis for the conclusions of the dissertation consists of four studies conducted during the period 1995-2001. The first investigation - The Sundsvall study - is explorative and gives a first insight into how the process officers act and document the processing of a case. The process officers study is a national investigation with process officers from 27 municipalities. This second study focuses on the various ways to organise the handling process, and how these may influence the finding for assistance. The documentation study is also a national investigation of 29 municipalities. In this third study the written documentation of the case handling process is primarily exposed. Focus groups comprise the final sorce of data in which a group of processors in tree municipalities discuss their work. The process officers in the focus group describe several usual situations. With support from the various investigations, a picture appears which does not agree with prescribed course of action according to the legislation. What appears instead is a pattern of action which probably already existed before we began this work and which likely continues. This pattern of action has as we have established two faces, one of which constitutes an informal process where the actual construction of the "help-seeker" take place. Whitin the frame for this aspect, the so-called "service catalouge" has a decisive meaning, which in it´s own way is directed towards satisfying primarely physical and medical needs. The other "face" displays the formalised expresson of the informal process. This formal expression does not reveal all that is going on, only chosen elements. The action that we have found are institutionalized as an officially sanctioned institution since the practice is widely accepted and legitimized. The public intstitution is therefore built upon a pattern of action that consists both of formal rule, but primarily standards and routines which in many regards occur outside the formal rules. The consequences of a pattern of action that has been institutionalized and legitimized affects those seeking help who do not receive the individual assessment that they have a right to according to the law.

The overall purpose with this study was to examine the influence elderly people have over their granted home help. Specifically, the aim was to examine in what extent the image of the elderly as a unique individual emerges in the plans where the home help is described [“genomförandeplaner”]. A plan which is personally designed is used as an indicator of personal influence. A text analysis inspired by Michel Foucault’s discourse concept, was carried out and the study adopts the concepts standardization and categorization as well as the theory of “Sense of coherence”. The result showed that the content of the plans mainly lacks a personal imprint, which is to be understood as a form of standardization. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the content that is excluded and included creates an image of the elderly as someone who is not a unique individual. This study highlights the value of establishing more salutogenic infused plans. Also other studies, emphasize that elderly in need of care wants to be able to predict and influence the help they receive, which in turn is a condition for the elderly to achieve a Sense of coherence.

Abstract Title:                                                                                                                  The individual elder care?Author:                                                                                                              Dennis JonssonSupervisor:                                                                                                        Kerstin GynnerstedtExaminator:                                                                                                       Course:                                                                                                             2SA46E,  Programme for social workDate:                                                                                                                 20100526Key words:                                                                                                       public assistance, need assessments                                                                                                                                                              methods, individual public help service Summary The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the practices of needs assessment, and put them in relation to municipal policies and the autonomy of the elderly. Development managers are characterized as grassroots bureaucrats, then they are officers who are in the organization, but also has a direct contact with the elderly applicants for municipal assistance. I wanted to explore how these policies relate to the older people's autonomy and their implications for officer assistance in their daily work. As a theoretical starting point I have used out of a närbyråkratiskt perspective, and a negotiation perspective. Study was conducted using a qualitative approach. The material for analysis were collected from six interviews with the assistance officer from six different municipalities, and an analysis of these municipalities' municipal guidelines for needs assessments. For the result shows that there are three main methods used for needs assessment. These are needs assessment calls, home visits and care planning. Something else that govern aid administrators needs assessment is the investigation finished templates available in the various municipalities. The results also showed that aid administrators are faced with a number of considerations in its work. This could depend on how the local guidelines were formulated and the elderly did not receive municipal assistance. Aid managers agreed that the autonomy of the elderly, it is applicable to a needs assessment, yet there are only a certain range of actions which they transformed into mature through negotiations and "coaxes".

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva hur personalen på ett särskilt boende som drivs på entreprenad upplever trivsel, delaktighet och arbetsmiljö i sitt dagliga arbete. Vi valde att undersöka ett särskilt boende som ligger i Mellansverige och valde sedan en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Våra frågeställningar är: Hur upplever personalen sin arbetsmiljö på ett äldreboende som drivs på entreprenad? Vad påverkar upplevelsen av trivsel på arbetsplatsen? Upplever personalen sig delaktig i sitt arbete? Intervjuer genomfördes med sex respondenter och frågorna var av öppen karaktär. Frågorna var indelade i tre områden, delaktighet och inflytande, trivsel och sammanhållning och arbetsmiljö. De teoretiska begrepp som vi har utgått från är trivsel, delaktighet och inflytande, samt arbetsmiljö. Dessa begrepp ligger till grund för hela studien och resultaten och analysen redovisar vi utifrån dessa tre begrepp. Vi har även använt oss av relevant forskning inom området. I tolkningsramen tar vi också upp arbetsmiljölagen. I arbetsmiljölagen regleras arbetsmiljön och lagen är till för att förebygga ohälsa och olycksfall i arbetet samt att uppnå en god arbetsmiljö. I tolkningsramen tar vi även upp vad som kännetecknar en byråkratisk organisation och dess styrning. Resultatet i denna studie visar att personalen på boendet trivs på sitt arbete och med sina arbetsuppgifter. De anser att det är en bra arbetsmiljö och känner sig delaktiga samt har inflytande över sin egen arbetssituation. Något som många berättade om var stressen. Att inte hinna med det man ska göra på sitt arbete ansågs stressande. Det framkom även att det fanns brister i hur bearbetningen av dödsfall gick till, detta var något som inte prioriterades. / The purpose of this study is to describe how the employees, at a home for care of old people that is run by a private contractor, experience wellbeing, participation and work environment in their daily work. We choose to explore a home for care of old people that is placed in the middle of Sweden and then we choose a qualitative research method. Our research questions are: How do the employees experience their work environment? What influences the experience of wellbeing at work? Do the employees experience that they are involved in their work? Interviews were conducted with six persons and the questions were of open character. The questions were divided in three areas, participation and influence, wellbeing and work environment. This study is based on these theoretical conceptions and the result and analysis shows on the basis of these conceptions. We also used relevant research from the area. In the chapter were we describe our theoretical conceptions we also describe the work environment act. In the work environment act regulates the work environment and the law is there for prevent ill health and accident at work and to achieve a good work environment. In the chapter we also talk about what distinguish a bureaucratic organization and how it is ruled. The result in this study shows that the employees at the nursing home enjoy one’s work and the work assignments. They regard that it is a good work environment and they feel involved in their own work situation. Many talked about the stress. To not have time for the work assignments are consider stressing. They also told us that there was some lacks in the work on death of older people, this was something that wasn’t prioritized.

The purpose of this essay has been to examine the public`s view of the Swedish eldercare during 2006. This study uses discourse analysis as a research method, the reference material has been articles from the newspaper Dagens Nyheter. The aim of the research has been to find central themes, conflicts and consensus in the discourse of eldercare. The analysis resulted in four main subjects which were based on four main questions; the questions of responsibility and execution, the question of contents, and the question of where the eldercare should take place. The analysis of conflicts and relations of consensus in the discourse of eldercare resulted in two different main views; the traditional and a more modern. The traditional view of eldercare includes terms like caring, safety and dignity. The modern, on the other hand, uses terms like consumption, quality and freedom of choice. It was found in the analysis that the modern view appeared to be more prominent than the traditional view in the discourse.

Området kring gruppen äldre invandrare i Västerås kommun är relativt aktuellt i nuläget. Antalet äldre invandrare ökar vilket leder också till att de möter äldreomsorgen i större utsträckning och på så sätt kanske möter svårigheter då de har andra behov som skiljer sig från deras jämnåriga svenskar. Kan äldreomsorgen möjligtvis vara utformat utifrån äldre svenskars behov. Syftet med studien har därför varit att undersöka hur äldreomsorgen är organiserad för äldre invandrare i Västerås kommun med tanke på de särskilda behov som äldre invandrare kan ha. Syftet har också varit att belysa äldreomsorgens planering för framtiden vad gäller det ökande antalet äldre invandrare. För att besvara syftet finns det tre frågeställningar som hjälp.  Vilka planer finns inom äldreomsorgen för att i framtiden bemöta det ökade antalet äldre invandrare i Västerås?  Vad möter man för behov vad gäller äldre invandrare till skillnad från äldre svenskar?  Vad finns det för särskilda omsorgsformer för gruppen äldre invandrare? För att besvara studiens syfte har jag därför använt mig av kvalitativ metod och hermeneutisk ansats. I studien använde jag mig av ett strategiskt urval samt snöbollsurval. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer där jag intervjuade 6 viktiga personer inom äldreomsorgen i Västerås kommun kunde jag analysera empirin med teoretiska perspektivet symbolisk interaktionism och dra olika slutsatser. Resultatet blev att det fanns behov som äldre invandrare har och som skiljer sig från deras jämnåriga svenskar. Det framkom att man tänker på gruppen äldre invandrare men att man inte nått fram till dem än och att man försöker olika vägar för att nå fram. Och att det inte finns några särskilda omsorgsformer för målgruppen.