This study examines the possible incompatibility between environmental conventions and agreements promoting international trade. More specifically, it aims at discussing the Precautionary Principle and the WTO agreements on trade and how they might contradict each other on the international arena. The study focuses on the international trade with genetically modified organisms and discusses probable needs of reformulating the principles and/or conventions concerned if these are to function as tools of equal importance when handling environmental problems through policy making. The controversy is illustrated through a case-study of a trade dispute where the conflicting principles: the Precautionary Principle and WTO agreements on trade are involved, namely a dispute where a formal complaint to the WTO by the US, Canada and Argentina about the European Community supposedly applying a de facto moratorium on genetically modified organisms had the final outcome of the European Community being found to contravene international trade rules. The study concludes that actors on the international arena are still opinions apart concerning the way to perceive possible risks connected to biotechnology and genetically modified organisms. This incongruence is also found to apply to the status of the Precautionary Principle as a rule of international law as well as to which of the conventions that were applicable to the concerned dispute.

The aim with this study is to identify and discuss discourses in public service policy documents to clarify that public service policy is political and not self-evident. The study's theoretical as well as methodological starting point is the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe, which ontological position is that all meaning is constructed by discourses. In the studied material, two discourses have been identified in policy concerning the content in public service media. The responsibility-discourse construct meanings of what content the policy wants to see in public service media and in the quality-discourse meanings of how the content should be is constructed. Public service policy is consistent over the period that has been studied and the study shows that there is consensus in the parliament about the regulation of the content in public service media. The policy regarding the content in public service also constructs meanings about the audience.

The aim of this paper was to investigate how many students studying Swesdish as a foreign language, at secondary school level, in Tierps kommun, that have dropped out and their reasons for doing so. The reason for this is the report from Skolverket, stating that the rate of drop outs at this level is very high. To investigate this, a quantitative method was used. A questionnaire was sent out to all the students that dropped out 2005-2008. The result showed that the two main reasons for leaving their studies were that the individuals had found a job or thought the studies were too hard. The research also showed that the majority of the students had not been in contact with Career counseller prior to ending their studies. We came to the conclusion that there might be a need for developing the teaching and to work out routines for guidance at drop out situations. This to decrease the amount of drop outs in the future.

Abstract Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse kuratorn har för den psykosociala hälsan. Vi har för det här ändamålet gjort tio stycken kvalitativa intervjuer med kuratorer inom skola, ungdomsmottagning, samt barn- ungdoms- och vuxenpsykiatrin. Vi har utgått från en hermeneutisk ansats. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån Aaron Antonovskys, Thomas J. Scheffs, samt Moria von Wrights teorier. Vårt resultat visar att kuratorn har en betydelse för den psykosociala hälsan hos eleven/patienten inom ramen för deras nätverk. Det var dock ibland svårt för kuratorn att precisera exakt vad som leder till förändringarna eftersom de ser sig som en del av helheten. Resultatet visar vidare att kuratorerna med olika metoder kan öka begripligheten och meningsfullheten hos eleverna/patienterna, för att de ska få en bättre känsla av sammanhang, och därmed lättare att hantera sin vardag. Inom psykiatrin fokuseras det mycket på ett patogent synsätt medan skolan och ungdomsmottagningen mer använder ett salutogent synsätt. Den punktuella positionen visar sig vara viktig i utredningsfasen av eleverna/patienterna men kuratorerna själva lyfter även fram vikten av en relationell position. Kuratorerna kan genom samtal uppmärksamma de sociala banden, lyfta fram dess betydelse för att eleverna/patienterna ska kunna bevara dem. Det här genom att eleverna/patienterna på ett bättre sätt kan hantera sina skam- och stolthetskänslor. / Abstract The aim of our study is to investigate witch role the counselor has for the psychosocial health. For this purpose we have made ten qualitative interviews with counselors at schools, in one youth center, and at a child-youth and adult psychiatry. Vi har utgått från en hermeneutisk ansats.We have used a hermeneutic approach. Resultatet analyserades utifrån Aaron Antonovsky, Thomas J. Scheff, samt Moria von Wright.We`ve based our result in Aaron Antonovsky´s, Thomas J. Scheff´s, and Moria von Wright´s theories.Vårt resultat visade att kuratorn har en betydelse för den psykosociala hälsan hos eleven/patienten inom ramen för deras nätverk. Our result showes that the counselor has got an impact in the psychosocial health of the student / patient within their network. Det var dock ibland svårt för kuratorn att precisera exakt vad som ledde till förändringarna eftersom de såg sig som en del av helheten. However, it was sometimes difficult for the counselor to clarify exactly what leeds to the changes as they see themselves as one part of the whole. The Result further showes that the counselor using different methods could increase the comprehensible and meaningfulness to the students/patients, so that they could get a better sense of context, and thus easier to manage their everyday. In psychiatry the approach is pathogenic and at schools and the youth clinic it is salutogenic. The punctate location prove to be important in the investigation phase of the students / patients, but the counselors themselves even highlight the importance of a relational position. Kuratorerna kunde genom samtal uppmärksamma de sociala banden, lyfta fram dess betydelse för att eleven/klienten skulle kunna bevara de sociala banden genom att de på ett bättre sätt kunde hantera sina skam- och stolthetskänslor.Counselors can, through conversations, rise attention to the social ties, highlighting its importance so that the students / patients is able to maintain them. This is made through that the students/patients, in a better way, is able to deal with their shame and feelings of pride.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka den bild som ges av manlighet och manlig identitet i fem olika självhjälpsböcker om manlig identitet riktade mot unga killar. En diskursteoretisk metod har använts för att urskilja vilka olika maskuliniteter som finns representerade i böckerna och hur de inbördes relationerna mellan dessa ser ut. Utöver detta har också de förändringstankar som drivs i böckerna och deras förhållningssätt till makt-relationer mellan könen analyserats. I nästan samtliga böcker finns någon form av konflikt mellan en traditionell maskulinitet, ofta benämnd som machomannen, och en modernare maskulinitet. Exakt vad denna kamp handlar om skiljer sig dock kraftigt åt böckerna emellan. Det kanske största gemensamma draget är dock att mannens sexualitet i samtliga böcker framstår som stark, självklar och mer eller mindre central i alla mäns identitet. / This thesis examines how masculinity and male identity are portrayed in five different self-help books about male identity aimed at young men. Discourse theory was the method used to examine which different masculinities were present in the books, and to uncover the relations between these masculinities. Furthermore, the concepts of change presented in the books and the authors' way of conveying relations of power and submission between genders have also been subject to analysis. In nearly all of the books there is some kind of conflict present between a traditional masculinity, commonly described as macho, and a more modern masculinity. Exactly what is at stake and which side holds the dominant position differs greatly between the books. Perhaps the most obvious common ground between the books is that the male sexuality is described as very strong and more or less determinatory for the male identity in all of the books.

The Philippines is a country with a lot to offer within the tourism sector. With its 7107 islands, it offers diversity in culture and a wide range of tourism destinations. However, tourism development in the Philippines has not been as successful as its neighbouring countries. In order to develop the country as an attractive destination, collaboration is needed. The cooperation of different stakeholders as well as the importance of trust and reciprocity is vital for an effective collaboration. Destination development within the tourism industry is seen as a collaboration or cooperation between different stakeholders who in part have something to gain in joining the collaboration. The relationship among the stakeholders may be based on previous interactions. In addition, concerning their respective involvement within the collaboration, theories argue that stakeholders do not necessarily exercise equal participation. With the use of the WOW Philippines campaign as an example of collaboration involving several stakeholders, the theories within collaboration shall be examined. At the same time, the theories will aid in researching the factors that may or may not be responsible for the advancements of thecampaign. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the different theories within collaboration with the WOW Philippines campaign as an example of a collaborative endeavour. This thesis is addressed to students within the discipline of tourism development for future studies. The researcher has utilized the hypothetico-deductive method which entails the examination of three theories within collaboration. Three hypotheses formulated from these theories will be either confirmed or dismissed in the end of the study. With the help of the hypotheses, the researcher has concluded that aspects of trust and reciprocity within collaboration are vital in its success. Although in this case, it refers to a country’s perception of trust and reciprocity. The problem domain i.e. destination development aiming on increasing inbound tourism cannot be said to be the main reason for the achievements of the campaign. It is a contributing factor, as well as, the involvement of the stakeholders. The theories are acceptable in different levels with regard to the WOW Philippines campaign i.e. they cannot be either taken as individual reasons for its advancements or proclaimed as false. These theories are intertwined which means their relevance to each other is important in the case of tourism development in the Philippines.

Formål: Læring og udvikling i arbejdslivet betragtes alment som positivt for individet når de beskrives i de dominerende læringsteorier. Denne artikel retter et kritisk blik på dette område ved at belyse og udforske vilkår og krav om udvikling, som møder ansatte i en vidensintensiv virksomhed.   Studiets design, metode og tilgang: Artiklen er baseret på kvalitativt design med åbne metoder, indeholdende interviews af både ansatte og ledelse, indsamling af skriftlige materialer samt deltagelse i virksomhedens konferencer. Analyserne er foretaget ud fra en naturalistisk tilgang.   Resultat: Det fremkommer, at den centrale styring her, udgøres af en strategi baseret på et normativt og ideologisk ideal om at være udviklingsorienteret, som de ansatte ikke blot må acceptere, men selv være en aktiv del af. Artiklen diskuterer afslutningsvis om en sådan strategi kun kan være gældende i særlige typer af organisationer, eller om hvorvidt strategien kan ses i en bredere del af arbejdslivet.   Originalitet og værdi: Gennem en analyse af læringsprocesser, identitetsudvikling og anvendte ledelsesstrategier, argumenteres der i denne artikel for, at læring og udviklingsprocesser kan forstås som vigtig del af kontrollen over ansatte i post-bureaukratiske organisationer.

This has been a practical innovation graduation project with the focus of studying the impacts of downsizing on a learning organization. The study took place at Karlsson Spools in Sala. This has been a part of an ongoing EU project funded by the European Social Fund, ESF. We have, with the help of interviews and surveys, gathered information on the present situation and with the help of theoretical studies built a framework on how a learning organization is viewed in theory. During our study we found that there are many components to a learning organization. The company in question has displayed some qualities that characterize a learning organization such as a plan to train and further develop their employees. The problem we found was lack of communication and how this has resulted in a less successful outcome of the ongoing courses. The reason for this has been primarily due to major cuts in personnel. In that aspect we have found that the downsizing has hurt the organization. It was, however, unavoidable to make those cutbacks and we hope they can move forward from this point. Luckily the project has just begun and we hope that our suggestions will bring a more cohesive structure to the project in the end.

<p>The Philippines is a country with a lot to offer within the tourism sector. With its 7107 islands, it offers diversity in culture and a wide range of tourism destinations. However, tourism development in the Philippines has not been as successful as its neighbouring countries. In order to develop the country as an attractive destination, collaboration is needed. The cooperation of different stakeholders as well as the importance of trust and reciprocity is vital for an effective collaboration.</p><p>Destination development within the tourism industry is seen as a collaboration or cooperation between different stakeholders who in part have something to gain in joining the collaboration. The relationship among the stakeholders may be based on previous interactions. In addition, concerning their respective involvement within the collaboration, theories argue that stakeholders do not necessarily exercise equal participation. With the use of the WOW Philippines campaign as an example of collaboration involving several stakeholders, the theories within collaboration shall be examined. At the same time, the theories will aid in researching the factors that may or may not be responsible for the advancements of thecampaign.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the different theories within collaboration with the WOW Philippines campaign as an example of a collaborative endeavour. This thesis is addressed to students within the discipline of tourism development for future studies.</p><p>The researcher has utilized the hypothetico-deductive method which entails the examination of three theories within collaboration. Three hypotheses formulated from these theories will be either confirmed or dismissed in the end of the study.</p><p>With the help of the hypotheses, the researcher has concluded that aspects of trust and reciprocity within collaboration are vital in its success. Although in this case, it refers to a country’s perception of trust and reciprocity. The problem domain i.e. destination development aiming on increasing inbound tourism cannot be said to be the main reason for the achievements of the campaign. It is a contributing factor, as well as, the involvement of the stakeholders. The theories are acceptable in different levels with regard to the WOW Philippines campaign i.e. they cannot be either taken as individual reasons for its advancements or proclaimed as false. These theories are intertwined which means their relevance to each other is important in the case of tourism development in the Philippines.<strong><em></em></strong></p>

<p>The aim of this report is to give a picture of how attitudes and behaviours of owners of environment cars look like and how they can be influenced. The alignment lies on environmental cars which run on biogas and ethanol which both are renewable fuels. The starting point is to sort out if it is environmental thinking that controls the choice and use of an environmental car. The feeling is that there are many other factors that can be more controlling, for example the price and the quality of the car. The result of the questionnaire survey which is the foundation of the report shows however that those who buy an environmental car do it mostly because of environmental reasons. Also the daily choice of fuel is mainly environmentally influenced; it however shows that there is dissatisfaction with the high fuel consumption, the short reach and above all the high price of ethanol. It also shows that the source of information which had the biggest impact on the choice to buy an environmental car is the mass media and that the most influencing policy instruments is the price, partly the cheaper on renewable fuel and the more costly fossil fuel. In general the environmental car owners are also positively inclined to using policy instruments of various kinds in order to increase the proportion of environmental cars on our roads. The conclusion becomes thus that the original feeling is incorrect and that environment cars have not at all lost credibility, not anyway on the level that has been investigated in this report.</p> / <p>Syftet med den här rapporten är att gen en bild av hur attityder och beteenden hos ägare av miljöbilar ser ut samt hur de kan påverkas. Inriktningen ligger på miljöbilar drivna med biogas och etanol vilka båda är förnyelsebara bränslen. Utgångspunkten är att reda ut om det är miljötänkandet som styr val och användning av en miljöbil. Känslan är att det finns många andra faktorer som kan vara mer styrande, exempelvis pris och kvalitet på bilen. Resultatet av den enkätundersökning som ligger till grund för rapporten visar dock att de som köper en miljöbil gör det till största delen på grund av miljömässiga orsaker. Även det dagliga valet av bränsle påverkas mestadels av miljömässiga orsaker, det visar sig dock att det finns ett missnöje med den höga bränsleförbrukningen, den korta räckvidden och framförallt det höga priset på etanol. Det visar sig också att den källa till information som haft den största påverkan vid valet att köpa en miljöbil är media samt att det mest påverkande styrmedlet är priset, dels det billigare på förnyelsebara bränslen samt det dyrare på fossila bränslen. Generellt är miljöbilägarna också positivt inställda till att använda styrmedel av olika slag för att öka andelen miljöbilar på vägarna. Slutsatsen blir således att den ursprungliga känslan är felaktig och att miljöbilar inte alls tappat i trovärdighet, i alle fall inte på det plan som granskas i denna rapport.</p>