191 |
由稽徵效率觀點檢視我國稅務行政組織-以臺北市國稅局與臺北市稅捐稽徵處為例 / An examination of Taiwan’s tax administrative organization from the viewpoint of tax-collection efficiency: the cases of Taipei national tax administration and Taipei revenue service廖浩學, Liao, Hao Hsueh Unknown Date (has links)
在財政適足的原則下,尋求公平與效率間的平衡點,一直是租稅制度所探討的重點,而針對租稅結構的討論更是焦點所在,可是對於稅務行政組織的檢討卻相對不受重視,惟一國租稅制度主要係由該國租稅結構與稅務行政組織所構成,所以不僅是租稅結構會影響國家整體資源的配置,稅務行政組織的調整亦是。觀察我國稅務機構之形成,諸多興革,每為遷就現實環境需要,暫行從權,欠缺具長期性、整體性與前瞻性之規劃,使得整個組織架構不甚協調。目前各級政府財政狀況日益惡化,行政效率亦履遭詬病,政府再造或是行政組織重整已成各界關注的焦點,因此本文先藉由相關文獻研究歸納採行稅務行政一元化或二元化之優缺點並與實務觀察作比較分析,再利用資料包絡分析法(DEA)從效率面著手,以臺北市稅務稽徵組織(臺北市國稅局與臺北市稅捐稽徵處)為樣本,除可瞭解稅務行政機關之效率表現外,亦可藉由實證數據佐證,重新評估現行稅務行政組織架構之妥適性。本文依據相關文獻研究及實證分析結果作以下結論:一、整體而言,臺北市稅捐稽徵處在總技術效率、純技術效率及規模效率的表現與穩定度,均不若臺北市國稅局,顯示無效率的原因除了資源運用的無效率外,未在最適規模下經營,亦是主要原因。二、就近十年來的變化觀察,2003年以後,臺北市稅捐稽徵處雖然在純技術效率表現上能與臺北市國稅局並駕其驅,但其規模效率之表現卻更形惡化,致總技術效率與臺北市國稅局相較仍有相當差距。三、推論原因,應為2003年後加值型與非加值型營業稅由國稅局收回自徵,地方稅捐稽徵單位雖然在資源使用上已作調適,但為達便民之效,仍維持原先各稽徵所的設置,造成規模不當,致無法在最適規模下從事稽徵工作。四、採行稅務行政一元化體制可收簡政便民、經濟節約、人員運用調度靈活且不影響地方財政自主等優點,佐以稽徵效率之實證數據,檢視我國現行稅務行政二元化的組織體系實有重行評估回復一元化體制之必要性。五、對民眾而言,政府係一體的組織,任何政府再造或組織調整工作,應有更大格局作通盤的考慮,才能真正運用有限資源並提升行政效率。基於提升稅務稽徵效率,避免稅務行政人力與資源配置的浪費,本文建議採取稅務行政一元化之組織體系,將地方稅委由國稅局代徵,地方稅務人力移撥至國稅局,或者整併為內地稅務局,統理內地稅之稽徵,藉由資源重組、整合的方式,讓有限的資源可以獲得更靈活的調度與運用。另為減少阻力,代徵經費可以視地方財政狀況從輕或是免除,以提高地方政府或議會同意的意願、降低合併阻力。
|
192 |
臺灣地區本國銀行與外商銀行效率和生產力分析-全域共同邊界法之應用 / The efficiency and productivity analysis of domestic banks and foreign banks in Taiwan - the application of global metafrontier approach陳昱銘, Chen,Yu Ming Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣於1990年放寬銀行設立的限制後,本國銀行和外商銀行的數目快速增加,使得金融市場更加競爭,因此銀行的經營績效是個重要的議題,銀行可透過績效的評估結果找出可能的改善方向。本國銀行與外商銀行的進入條件、經營形態、銀行制度等因素可能使得兩種類型的銀行生產技術有所不同,因此本研究採用全域共同邊界法研究37家本國銀行與20家外商銀行在2005-2015年間效率與生產力的分析,並採用變動規模的方式拆解Malmquist生產力指數,使得生產力變動來源能更精準地衡量。最後使用Tobit迴歸分析找出影響銀行技術效率、最佳實務差距和技術差距比率之因素。 / Since Taiwan relaxed the restriction of setting up a bank in early 1990s, the number of both domestic and foreign banks in Taiwan had increased rapidly. This leads to the result that the financial market become more competitive. Consequently, the performance of bank is an important issue. It can be used to find some way for improvement. Due to the different entry conditions, types of operating system and bank systems between domestic and foreign banks, this paper uses global metafrontier approach to research the efficiency and productivity change of 37 domestic banks and 20 foreign banks during 2005-2015 in Taiwan. Furthermore, this research adopts VRS to decompose Malmquist productivity indexes, which makes the sources of the productivity change can be measured more accurately. Finally, Tobit regression analysis is used to investigate the factors accounting for the differences in technical efficiency, best practice gap and technology gap.
|
193 |
應用統計方法找尋配方之研究蔡淑茜, Tsai, Shu-Chien Unknown Date (has links)
本研究嚐試找出果凍的最適配方,利用品質機能展開將顧客需求和技術項目結合,找出顧客所重視的技術項目,再依此規劃實驗收集資料。以田口方法和迴歸分析法對數據分析,以提出最適配方。
利用田口方法和迴歸分析法兩種方法找尋最適配方,發現依照不同品質特性所找出的最適配方結果是不相同的,而同時考慮兩種品質特性整體損失函數所找出的最適配方,才能使整體期望損失估計值最小(小於兩個品質特性各別所找出最適配方期望損失估計值的加總)。
由於產品時常有多個品質特性,建議找最適配方時,能同時考量各品質特性的總損失,唯有如此才能找到真正使損失最低的最適生產組合。 / The research goal is to try to find optimal setting combination of one product. We take advantage of QFD (Quality Function Deployment) method to combine the needs of customers and producing technologies; by this, we can tell which technologies are more important for customers’needs. After knowing which technologies are important, we could order an experiment to collect raw data. Using Taguchi Method and Regression Analysis Method to analyze the raw data, we can extract optimal solutions.
We found that we could get different optimal solution by different character of a product. Therefore, only considering all characters of a product at the same time, we can get the really optimal setting combination; or we just could get sub optimal setting combinations.
|
194 |
半導體產業設備產能使用效率影響因素之實地實證研究 / The Influencing Factors of Equipment Capacity Utilization in Semiconductor Manufacturing Factory--Field Empirical Study李惠娟, Lee, Sharon Unknown Date (has links)
半導體相關產業的發展是支撐我國在世界經濟體系中佔有重要地位的主要原因之一,而其中尤以半導體產品的製造與代工備受矚目。近年來半導體相關產業的發展呈現成長狀態,連帶引發半導體製造廠之產能呈現供不應求的現象,因此如何作好產能管理,使能盡量符合顧客需求,便成為管理當局關注的議題。
半導體製造廠的產能管理著重在機台設備面,此與本產業之多數製程係仰賴精密機台之功能有關。為了探討如何充份利用設備產能,故本研究從成本動因的角度,探討可能影響機台設備產能的因素。
由於半導體相關產品種類繁多,功能各有不同,因此在接受顧客訂製時亦呈現多樣化現象。當半導體產品之設計不同時,將衍生複雜性之問題,可能對機台設備效率發生影響,因此本研究之研究問題一即在探討產品複雜性對設備效率之影響為何。
此外,為求品質方面的優異、加快研發產品的問世速度,以及排程上的適切,許多相關作業活動和作業型態因應而生,使整體生產作業之複雜性提高,而生產作業複雜性是否成為影響設備效率之因素,即為本研究之研究問題二欲探討的內容。
在半導體製造廠之幾近全自動化的生產作業環境中,機台設備除了具有製程上的能力外,其自動化的運作方式是否會對效率面發生影響,亦為本研究有興趣的主題;由於機台設備之自動化運作設計有助生產周期縮短及浪費現象減少,為增加效率之來源,即為效率動因的定義,因此形成本研究之研究問題三探討的內容,即效率動因(機台的自動化運作時間)對設備效率之影響。
本研究透過田野研究及文獻探討形成三項主要假設:
1.產品複雜性與設備效率存在負相關:
當產品之製程技術等級愈高,表示產品愈複雜,導致設備效率愈差。
2.生產作業複雜性與設備效率存在負相關:
當品質各項作業、研發相關作業和小批量作業數量愈多,影響正常生產愈大,使生產情況愈複雜,導致設備效率愈差。
3.效率動因與設備效率存在正相關:
當機台設備之自動化運作時間愈多,表示各項操作作業愈單純,可使設備效率愈好。
本研究採取田野(Field)及田野實證(Field Empirical)研究方式。為了使學術界對半導體製造產業有更多瞭解,因此本研究先從事田野研究,由筆者在民國88年9月至民國89年6月,每週親自至個案公司1-3天,以觀察、閱讀公司內部資料和訪談的方式進行對此產業的瞭解。接著以個案公司之民國89年1-3月的機台設備日資料為樣本,進行設備綜合效率(OEE)之實證迴歸分析,並佐以DEA敏感性分析結果以為驗證。
設備綜合效率(OEE)之實證迴歸分析結果顯示:生產作業複雜性對設備效率確實有負向影響,且自動化效率動因對設備效率有正向影響。在(DEA)敏感性分析結果方面,生產作業複雜性對設備效率確實有負向影響,且自動化效率動因對設備效率有正向影響。
此項研究結果的隱含意義在於:
一、概括而論,由品質作業、研發作業和批量水準構成的生產作業複雜性確實對機台設備效率有負向影響,因此管理當局應著重於品質鑑定作業、品質內部失敗作業、研發相關作業和未滿載批次作業之管理。
二、由機台設備之自動化運作時間構成的效率動因對機台設備具有正向影響,因此在實務運作上,各相關部門在進行作業設計時應考慮此點,而當機台設備運作異常時,設備工程師等人員應充分展現支援的能力,使之盡速恢復自動化運作狀態。
由於OEE及DEA兩個迴歸模型所驗證的結果大致上相同,故本研究之結果應具可信度。
根據實證研究結果,本研究對實務界的建議為:
1.建議實務界可繼續針對各種功能性不同的機台設備群組作效率影響因素分析,有助管理與控制導致不同設備效率損失的影響因素,且可利用DEA方法以彌補OEE效率評估之缺失,俾能取得更有意義的參照結果。
2.DEA的實證結果顯示品質作業中的事前維修保養作業似有助設備效率之提升,與OEE之實證研究結果不同,建議管理當局可以告知製造部人員關於DEA的實證結果,則製造部人員應更能體認到品質的預防作業之重要性,同時亦建議個案公司可繼續進行事前維修保養作業對設備效率之影響研究。
3.未滿載批次之批量水準對設備效率有不利影響,建議個案公司儘量避免,利用併貨方式處理之。但若真的無法併貨時,則亦應考慮各機台設備之產能利用狀況,盡量分配給負擔較輕的機台進行製造作業,以減少瓶項機台的發生機率。
本研究對學術界的建議為:
1.對各種不同功能性的設備而言,若能取得影響其效率的產品複雜性因素,則可幫助實務界進行產品設計和設備產能分配之決策,本研究未達成此目的,建議後續研究者可繼續為之。
2.建議後續研究者可以針對本研究採用之效率動因觀念,積極地找出會使設備效率提升的因素為何,作為引導員工行為的依據。
3.不論學術界或實務界欲採用DEA方法來評估生產效率時,皆應謹慎選擇投入和產出項目,否則容易得到錯誤的引導。 / The development of semiconductor industry, especially the semiconductor manufacturing and foundry, is one of the main contributors that win Taiwan worldwide attention and upgrade the rank of Taiwan’s competitive advantage. In recent years, the continuous growth of semiconductor industry has brought about shortage of supply. Therefore, how to manage production capacity effectively and to meet market needs has become a critical management issue.
The focus of capacity management in fab is on manufacturing equipment, because it is the equipment that makes manufacturing activities work. In order to study how to fully utilize equipment, this research emphasizes searching for the influencing factors for equipment efficiency in semiconductor manufacturing, which is often measured by OEE. Those factors are designed as product complexity, process complexity, and efficiency drivers.
Based on theoretical foundation, this study comes out three hypotheses as follows:
1. Product complexity negatively influences equipment efficiency.
2. Process complexity negatively influences equipment efficiency.
3. Efficiency driver positively influences equipment efficiency. (Efficiency driver is not clear for me here)
The research proceeds with two methods: field study and field empirical study. For the former, observation, document reading and interview techniques are adopted one to three days a week, from September 1999 to June 2000. As to the latter, daily data from one semiconductor manufacturing fab are collected. The sample size is 4382. Two analyses are done: one is specified by OEE and the other is by DEA, which is for sensitivity analysis.
The empirical results of both analyses indicate that process complexity and efficiency driver empirically has significant negative and positive effects on equipment efficiency respectively. The results support two hypotheses of this study.
The empirical results suggest that:
1. In general, process complexity in terms of quality, R&D and batching activities has negative influence on equipment efficiency. Therefore, the management should make efforts on managing the monitor and test, internal failure, R&D and batching activities.
2. The auto-operation status can help enhance equipment efficiency, and thus should be taken into account when designing all the relevant activities. Besides, it should be emphasized if any out-of-order status are confronted, all supporting personnel, such as equipment engineers, should try as soon as possible to get equipment repaired and restored to work automatically.
Results from sensitivity analysis arrive at roughly the same conclusions. Therefore, this research should be reliable and valid, and the findings can be possibly good reference for the management in semiconductor industry and future researchers.)
|
195 |
開放新銀行設立對舊銀行經營效率的影響鍾怡如, Chung, Yi-Ru Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以民國75至86年間,新銀行開放設立前已存在之本國舊銀行實際經營資料,利用資料包絡分析法估計成本效率值,並將之分解為純技術效率、規模效率及配置效率。再利用Tobit迴歸分析,以探討開放新銀行設立對本國舊銀行經營效率之影響。
研究結果發現,整體舊銀行投入資源之運用效率,仍有很大的改善空間。此外,成本無效率之來源主要為技術無效率。
考慮其他影響效率之因素後,開放新銀行設立對舊銀行之經營效率具有顯著之正向影響。此結果顯示新銀行設立對舊銀行之經營形成很大的競爭壓力,導致本國舊銀行不論在資源投入、規模調整或資源配置上,皆積極努力地改善。本實證結果與政府希望透過開放新銀行,對經營僵化之國內銀行業加以刺激,以提升舊銀行經營效率之目標相一致。 / This study empirically examines whether opening up the new banks to establish affects various efficiency ratios of Taiwan old banks or not. It uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess cost efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and allocative efficiency based on the Taiwan old banks data from 1986 to 1997. Then, applies the Tobit censored regression model to examine the relationship between opening up the new banks to set up and these efficiency measures.
The empirical result shows that the usage efficiency of resource inpute of whole old banks isn't up to the appropriate point, so there is plenty of space for improvement. Besides, cost inefficiency primarily results from technical inefficiency, not allocative inefficiency.
After considering other factors of the effects of efficiency, it's obviously positive relationship between opening up the new banks to set up and operating efficiency of old banks. The result shows that these new banks establish put competitive stress on the operation of old banks. So those old banks try hard to improve their resource input, scale adjustment, or resource allocation, etc. This result corresponds with the government's intention to raise the operating efficiency of original banks.
|
196 |
1995年立法委員選舉三黨競選文宣之比較-Grunig模型之探討 / The Comparison of Campaign Publicity in 1995 Legislator election - a Research of Grunig Model黃佩珊, Huang, Pei Shan Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要在研究1995年立法委員選舉三黨競選文宣之異同,並根據James Grunig與Todd Hunt所建構的公關四模式,探討三黨文宣內容與表現手法,在公關四模式所呈現的面向;同時,也就一般文宣所探討的主題、政見內容、廣告設計、政治符號、語言使用、電視文宣長度等等,分析三黨間差異。
James Grunig與Todd Hunt認為,現代公共關係的運作可用四個公關模式囊括,此四個模式為:報業宣傳模式、公共資訊模式、雙向不對等溝通模式與雙向對等溝通模式。
本論文採用內容分析法,分析1995年三黨的報紙廣告、電視文宣與新聞稿。
研究結果發現:
一、三黨在不同媒體上使用不同的Grunig Model。國民黨文宣較常使用的為報業宣傳模式,新黨使用較多的為公共資訊模式,民進黨多為雙向溝通模式。
二、Grunig模式不同,競選文宣表現策略、文宣訴求、廣告設計因素、標題與文案可讀性、電視文宣語言使用、長度不同,報紙廣告政治符號並無差異。
三、三黨競選文宣在不同媒體上,表現策略、文宣訴求、報紙廣告設計、廣告刊登媒體、日期、版面、面積、電視文宣語言、新聞稿發表日期與數量皆不相同;報紙廣告政治符號、廣告標題、文案可讀性、電視文宣長度差異不大。
四、1995年立委選舉三黨競選文宣以攻擊對手為主,其次為塑造形象與塑請支持。政見內容集中在政府人事、政策與政績,政治結構與政治社群的議題很少被提及,可見台灣民主政治的共識極高。
|
197 |
新台幣對美元匯率決定之實証研究-共整合分析方法的應用 / An Empirical Study to the Determination of the N.T./U.S. Exchange Rates : An Application of cointegration Analysis劉苓媺, Liu, Ling Mei Unknown Date (has links)
台灣幅員狹小,天然資源不足,唯有藉著大量出口才能換取外匯,情況使得台灣逐漸發展成一小型開放經濟。長久以來,美國一直是台灣最大的貿易夥伴,使得台灣產品對美輸出的多寡往往直接影響台灣總體經濟的表現。隨著政府外匯政策的逐漸自由化,匯率在總體經濟中所扮演的角色也越顯重要。近幾年來,台幣匯價在外匯市場上時有波動,不但影響政府政策的擬定、經貿活動的往來,外匯市場上的投炒作更造成熱錢的流動。是故,新台幣對美元匯率的決定及波動因素是值得我們深入探討的課題。基於此點,本文擬建立一個可供實証的小型開放經濟模型,試圖探討新台幣對美元匯率的決定因素。首先,參照Frankel(1979)所提出的實質利率差價模型(Real Interest Rate Differential Model),作為實証研究的基礎。其次,利用Johansen(1988,1991)、Johansen & Juselius(1990)的共整合(cointegration)分析方法,以台灣地區1981年至1993年間的月資料,驗証縮減式的長期關係是否成立。最後,採用誤差修正模型(error correction model),估計匯率的動態調整途徑,並對匯率變動率進行樣本後預測。
實証結果發現:(1)實質匯率差價模型所刻畫的匯率與其他經濟變數的長期關係在台灣是可以成立的;(2)傳統貨幣學派對兩國結構喜數相同的假設過於嚴苛,對於台灣及美國並不適用;(3)除了名目利率外,台灣及美國的貨幣供給、產出水準及通貨膨脹率具有一對一的關係;(4)以誤差修正模型預測台幣/美元匯率變動率,其效果優於隨機漫步模型。
|
198 |
MLB球員在合約年與非合約年效率衡量之研究 / The efficiency of MLB players before and after signing multi-year contracts謝嘉峰 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以資料包絡分析法來衡量職業球員的績效表現,球員在簽訂複數年合約前後與績效表現之關聯性,來探討球員是否有合約週期的現象,進而再探究球員處於合約年的比率多寡,是否會對球隊的勝率造成影響。
本研究以2002年球季結束後至2008年球季開始前,這段期間曾與球團簽訂複數年合約的美國大聯盟球員為研究對象。實證結果顯示投手在簽訂複數年合約前一年,純粹技術效率有明顯增加,野手部分則顯示在簽約前兩年整體技術效率呈現顯著增加。研究結果顯示支持合約週期理論,即球員在合約年之前會刻意增加表現,以便爭取較佳之合約。另外,以2009年各球隊的勝場數為研究對象,實證結果顯示,當球隊中有較多投手處於複數年合約的第一年,則球隊的勝場數顯著較少。 / This research applies Data envelopment analysis to examine the performance of Major League Baseball (MLB) players before and after signing multi-year contracts. The research also aims to explore the claim of contract cycle theory by investigating whether contract status has an influence on wining ratio of a team.
The sample includes players who signed multi-year contracts between end of season 2002 and prior season 2008. The result illustrates that pitchers’pure technical efficiency increase significantly before signing the contract and fielders’total technical efficiency increase significantly 2 years before the contract signing. The results support the contract cycle theory that players show a tendency to improve their performance prior to signing a contract in order to earn a better contract. In addition, the teams with more players who are in their first year of multi-year contract have a significantly less number of wining ratio.
|
199 |
影響國際快遞物流服務客戶喜好因素之研究-暨客戶服務決策支援系統概念設計 / Research into customer preferences factors in the field of global express logistics and conceptual design of customer service decision support system鄭銀華, Cheng, Yin Hua Unknown Date (has links)
產業的成熟與市場的飽和,使得產業的競爭變得愈來愈以成本和服務為導向,而激烈的市場競爭促使服務價格降低求存,以致物流業的服務素質及水準只能「將貨就價」,然而消費者意識的抬頭與服務科學的興起,使得服務品質的管理日益重要。因此,國際快遞物流企業要在提升服務及降低成本的驅動下,透過結合物流產業相關科技優勢與運用服務科學思維,找出顧客對產品及服務的喜好以增進服務效益,進而創新服務。
本研究以層級分析法(AHP)之操作步驟,找出對映客戶需求的四個服務品質構面及衡量構面的十二個準則,在建立一顧客喜好因素架構後,訪談某國際快遞物流前四十大客戶,以Expert Choice的整體階層不一致性判斷值(Overall Inconsistency Index, O.I.I)進行效度檢驗,通過一致性之問卷為32份。研究分析結果發現影響國際快遞物流顧客的喜好之準則,其權重依序是「誠實值得信賴」、「容易使用」及「遞送速度」,構面則以反應性及關懷性最為客戶所重視,並且從驚喜性構面發現,客戶在意的是持續性的改進與穩定的提供服務,而不喜歡沒有系統的改變與創新。在統計分析中,客戶重視程度離散度較大的有「遞送速度」及「誠實值得信賴」兩準則,顯示有特別重視此兩項因素之樣本群,而某些喜好因素間具有中度相關之關聯。
接著本研究為落實服務科學之思維與方法,將影響客戶喜好因素之架構結合決策支援系統,以決策支援系統的三個主要元件,資料庫、模式庫、對話管理提出概念設計,以重要性-績效矩陣(IPA)作為改善服務之排序參考,以及使用品質機能展開(QFD)作為在設計與創新服務的過程中納入客戶需求之方法;此外,也使用權重及客戶滿意度作為瞭解客戶對國際快遞物流服務之偏好程度及對方案之態度參考,使國際快遞物流企業能更有效率的提供滿足客戶個人偏好的服務。 / The maturity of industries and the saturation of markets make industrial competition more and more cost-oriented and service-oriented. To survive the keen market competition, the logistic industry has no choice but to reduce price, which leads to a lower level of service quality. With the uprising consumer awareness and service science, the management of service quality becomes more and more important.
Driven by the need of higher service quality and lower cost, international logistic enterprises should combine relevant technical advantage and service science intellect to meet consumer demand, increase service efficiency, and innovate service.
This research utilizes AHP method to create 4 service quality dimensions corresponding to customer demand and 12 criteria to measure these dimensions. After the establishment of customer preference framework, interview with 40 largest customer of a certain international logistic company and then examine the validity by the O.I.I. of Expert Choice. There are 32 questionnaires pass the consistency check.
Analysis found that the weight of criteria which effect customer preference in sequence is “Integrity / trust worthiness”, “Easy to use”, and “speed of delivery”. As to dimensions, customers value “Respond” and “ Understand me” most. From the “Surprise” dimension we found customer need continuous improvement and steady service. Unsystematic changes and innovates are not preferred.
In statistic analysis, “Speed of delivery” and “Integrity / trust worthiness” two dimensions have greater level of scatter on customer emphasis, which indicates there are some samples have special emphasis on these two factors and some factors have mid-level correlation. To practice the intellect and method of service science, this research combines the framework of factors that affect customer preference and decision support system.
Concept designed by the 3 main part of a DSS : Database, Model base, and Dialog management, use IPA as the reference of service sequence improvement, and utilize QFD to bring in customer demand in the design and innovation of service. In addition, use weight and customer satisfaction as refer to understand international logistic service preference level and attitude toward programs. To bring more efficient and customer preference satisfied services.
|
200 |
汽車貨運業者車輛資源不足之車輛途程規劃及業務委外評選模式 / Vehicle routing problem and the selection of outsourcing forwarder when transport vehicles are insufficient謝宛汝 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以單一汽車貨運業者的角度,評估當運輸需求大於自有車輛服務能力時,考量車種、時窗、貨物量等因素,以最小化成本為目標進行途程規劃,利用運輸水平整合、協同合作的概念,將未能滿足之需求任務委外給其他同業進行。
本研究主要分為兩階段,第一階段先確認是否需要委外,以禁忌搜尋法找出最節省成本之配送途程以及委外任務,解決業者選擇以自有車輛運送或委外給其他運輸業者服務的問題;而第二階段則是在確定委外的任務後,決定委外的對象,不僅考量對方出價,也評估對方的營運能力、商譽、風險管理、服務品質等因素,建構一多準則決策模式,透過網路程序分析法(ANP)決定評選準則權重,再利用VIKOR排序法決定各個方案之排序,希望能在不遺失客戶訂單及信任的期許下,決定最適合的委外對象。 / From the perspective of trucking carriers, concerning transport horizontal integration and collaboration, when the vehicles are insufficient to meet the demand of transport, carrier could seek for other carrier’s help. In this study, we consider vehicle types, capacity, time windows, and the objective of minimum cost, to do vehicle route planning, and also decide which tasks should be outsoursed.
There are two phases in this study. First, after checking the insufficiency of own trucks, we use Tabu search to solve Vehicle Routing Problem with a Private fleet and a Common carrier (VRPPC) in order to find out the route of own vehicles and the tasks to be outsourced. In second phase, we will select the carrier to do those tasks. We not only consider the price of outsourcing, but also evaluate the capacity, service quality, risk management, and the goodwill of the company. We use Analytic Network Process (ANP) to decide the weight of each criterion, and VIKOR to rank each case and select the best one.
|
Page generated in 0.039 seconds