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法人持股比例對台灣初次上市公司股票長期報酬的影響王秀平 Unknown Date (has links)
國外許多實證研究指出新上市股票長期報酬表現不佳,對投資人來說並非好的投資標的。但實證也指出法人持股比例與股票長期報酬之間有正向關係的存在,其原因可能來自於法人的專業素養、資訊優勢以及擁有監督公司營運的能力。
本研究針對民國86年1月1日到民國95年12月31日,共185家資料完整的新上市公司進行實證研究,以異常報酬率檢驗此現象是否存在。同時驗證法人持股比例與新上市公司股票長期報酬之間的關係。
實證發現台灣新上市公司在上市一年後、兩年後以及四年後的長期報酬皆為負,分別為-2.4%、-0.48%、-1.96%,而此現象在高科技產業特別嚴重,並且也得到迴歸結果的支持。而法人持股比例與新上市股票長期報酬之間呈現顯著的正向關係,代表法人持股比例越高者,其股票報酬越佳,顯示市場相信法人的監督能力。
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我國初次上市(櫃)新股承銷配售制度之規範及探討李淑瑜 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來我國初次上市(櫃)承銷制度,經過多次法令之增修,在配售方式之多元化,與國際間主要之資本市場差距已逐漸減小。以目前較具規模的國際市場觀之,初次上市以採行詢價圈購方式辦理承銷為主流。從學理的角度,多數文獻對於詢價圈購制度能提升整體市場的效益均給予正面評價,其賦予承銷商特有的股價訂定及股票分配的裁量權,可同時增加發行公司及機構投資者的利益。惟此特有的裁量權,亦延伸出對散戶投資人之公平性問題。
詢價圈購可能延伸的公平性問題確實值得關注,然而如何在市場效率與公平性中取得平衡?以詢價圈購搭配公開申購的方式,盡量考慮散戶的需求,已逐漸成為市場的主流。此外,若能賦予承銷商自由裁量的空間,使其得以落實詢價圈購制度中時價發行與健全配售效率的功能,將可增進市場效率。觀之我國現行法規,對於配售對象與數量上設有諸多限制,使詢價圈購制度無法確實發揮其所應產生之附加價值,實是承銷實務上的重要問題。
本研究以目前配售法規中有關配售對象及數量限制之現況提出檢討與建議,期能對我國現行制度提出檢討及建議改善之淺見,以供未來修正參考之方向。
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媒體報導對初次上市股票績效之影響 / THE IMPACT OF MEDIA COVERAGE ON IPO UNDERPRICING謝尚倫 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以民國90年至97年3月間於台灣證券交易所掛牌之新上市公司為樣本,並扣除由上櫃轉上市公司的部份,共計119間公司。由於投資人在此類公司上市前難以取得公司相關資訊、或是取得資訊成本極高,因此大部分資訊來自新聞媒體的報導。因此本研究目的在於檢驗媒體報導是否可以有效減輕投資人與公司間的資訊不對稱,進而影響初次公開發行折價幅度。
根據本實驗結果,在控制產業因素、公司規模、漲跌幅新舊制、上市前資本市場榮枯等變數下,新聞總數、正負面新聞報導之絕對數量,對折價幅度沒有顯著影響;此外,上市申請日、上市審議委員會通過日、交易所通過日以及證期局核准日四個時間區間的新聞數對發行折價之解釋能力亦無顯著差異。然而,當我們將新聞數量之變數轉為各性質新聞數量佔總新聞數量的比例後,卻得到正面新聞報導佔總新聞數的比例越高,初次公開發行折價幅度越低的結果。在119家樣本中,正面新聞佔總新聞數之平均比例為64%,且平均正面新聞多1%的比例會使該公司短期績效降低1.16%。
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主辦承銷商於初次上市股票次級市場之造市行為研究廖怡慎 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的是在於深入研究台灣的承銷商是否有善盡其保護功能,因為安定操作對投資人、承銷商及發行公司而言皆有深遠的影響。
本研究樣本包括1996年1月1 至1999年12月31日間初次於台灣證券交易所上市的85 支股票,85支股票並未包含上櫃轉上市的股票。
實證結果顯示,主辦承銷商在後市40天中,只佔非常低的交易比例。其在看跌時買的IPO股票較看漲時多,但整體而言,賣的比買的多。除此之外,並無證據顯示主辦承銷商在IPO股票表現差時買較多。這告訴我們主辦承銷商交易的方向並未以安定操作的角度出發。
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企業上市動機與績效之研究─以台商在台灣或香港上市為例江正義 Unknown Date (has links)
近幾年來,金磚四國之一的中國大陸崛起,愈來愈多的資本家從世界各地至亞洲資本市場進行投資與籌資,亞洲資本市場相當活絡已成為全球資金匯集的重要平台。這股趨勢近年來更帶動了香港、新加坡及中國大陸等資本市場的蓬勃發展。
面對亞洲資本市場的蓬勃發展,台商企業的籌資管道有了更多元性的選擇。以往除台商企業會選擇至海外發行全球存託憑證(Global Depository Receipts, GDR)、歐洲可轉債(Euro Convertible Bond, ECB)或選擇赴美國交易所股票掛牌上市、發行美國存託憑證(American Depositary Receipt,ADR)之外。愈來愈多的台商企業會選擇亞洲上市籌資之管道,尤其是臨台灣最近資本市場最活絡的香港上市籌資。
本研究的動機深入瞭解台商企業香港上市動機,利用客觀的數據評估台商企業在香港掛牌上市之績效表現。目的是希望能提供計劃前往香港掛牌上市的台商企業另一個實用的參考數據,供台商企業做出適當的上市決策,並期能提供政策改進的建議方案。
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企業上市目的與長期報酬相關性之研究 / The motivation and long-term performance of firm IPO陳正諭, Chen, Cheng Yu Unknown Date (has links)
企業上市的目的有很多種,我們認為一家公司若是為了替未來的投資機會融資而上市,其長期報酬應顯著較其他非為了投資機會籌資的公司為佳。結果我們發現,在一般認為可作為「籌資」的代理變數─「賣新股」的公司中,這些公司的長期負報酬程度比其他公司更嚴重。在發行股票種類的選擇上,選擇賣老股的公司相較之下有上市前公司獲利較佳、成立時間更久的特性;另一方面,訂較長閉鎖期的公司長期報酬也顯著比較差,這些公司募資的規模則較小、並且通常無創投參與。我們認為有兩種可能:(1) 以股票發行種類為上市目的的代理變數可能不盡理想;(2) 上市的成本超過欲上市籌資的公司經理人所估計。導致這些公司長期負報酬更加的嚴重。 / There are many reasons why companies go public. We suppose that companies going public to finance future investment should have better long-term performance than others. As a result, we find strong evidence that the long-term underperformance among primary-share only offering companies which are considered having motivation to finance future investment, are more severe than other companies. In the determinants of choosing which type of shares offering, a company which is old or have better return of equity before listing would have higher probability offering secondary shares. On the other hand, companies setting longer lockup period perform worse. These companies are usually small and have no venture capital backed. We propose two possible explanations to these situations: one is that using type of shares offering as a proxy of motivation of a firm going public is inappropriate; the other is that the cost of a firm going public is beyond a manager’s estimation, resulting the more poor long-term performance of these companies.
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董事會組成與我國IPO電子產業盈餘管理之關聯性──兼論家族企業因素之影響 / Board composition and Real Earnings Management of Initial Public Offerings,electronics industry in Taiwan.──with analysis of the effect of family business張雅涵 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討家族企業及非家族企業兩種不同的公司治理型態,其董事會各組成區塊與企業進行實質盈餘管理之間的關聯性。實質盈餘管理係以異常營運活動現金流量、異常生產成本及異常裁決性費用為衡量指標,並以2004年至2011年間我國初次上市櫃(IPO)的電子產業為樣本範圍。
實證結果發現,在家族企業中:(1)最終控制者控制席次過半及經理人董事席次比率愈高,愈可顯著抑制企業進行實質盈餘管理。(2)外部董事席次比率愈高,對企業進行實質盈餘管理有反向助長之傾向。(3)獨立董事席次愈多,愈能顯著監督企業進行實質盈餘管理,唯在企業以裁決性支出方式操弄盈餘方面較無監督能力。在非家族企業中:(1)最終控制者控制席次過半及外部董事席次比率的增加,對抑制企業從事實質盈餘管理無顯著效果。(2)獨立董事席次的增加可顯著抑制企業操弄盈餘。(3)經理人董事席次比率愈高,愈顯著助長企業進行實質盈餘管理。 / This thesis aims to discuss the relationship between board composition and real earnings management (hereafter, REM) under family business and non-family business. This study uses abnormal cash flow from operations, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary expenses as a measure of real earnings management. Data is collected from electronics industry in Taiwan which applied for Initial Public Offerings (IPO) from 2004 to 2011.
The empirical results show that in family business: (1) If the ratio of board seat-control of ultimate controller is over 50 percents, or the ratio of board seats of manager is higher, it is helpful to restrain firms from manipulating earnings by REM.(2) Once the ratio of board seats of outside directors is higher, it is prone to promote firms to do REM.(3) Once the board seats of independent directors are more, it is significant to reduce the degree of REM. However, they seem to have no abilities to restrain firms from manipulating earnings by varying discretionary expenses. In non-family business: (1) The board seat-control of ultimate controller over 50 has nothing to do with decreasing the degree of REM. Also,the increase of the ratio of board seats of outside directors is not significantly to suppress the degree of REM. (2)The increase of board seats of independent directors is effectively to reduce the extent of REM. (3) If the ratio of board seats of manager is higher, it will push firms to manipulate earnings by REM.
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承銷制度變革對台灣初級市場之影響黃威翰, Huang,Wei-Han Unknown Date (has links)
本文嘗試以訊息理論中的代理模型來探討台灣在今年(2005,民國94年)將承銷舊制改為新制,對國內初級市場以及當中參與者(包括初次上市公司、公司原大股東、投資人以及承銷商四者)的影響。
經過本文從模型建立、推導和結果之比較分析後發現,事實上,金管會所欲解決國內初級市場的許多不合理問題,最後可以歸納成為兩大問題:一、如何讓承銷商解決公司與投資人之間資訊不對稱的問題?該問題表現在承銷價被低估,或是公司欺騙投資人其真實獲利類型來取得額外之獲利上。二、如何讓公司可以在上市時,真正拿到所募集之資金並且做妥善運用?該問題表現在承銷價被高估,或是原大股東在公司上市時賣老股所能得到之獲利上。
透過本文模型證明,藉由觀察新舊制下承銷價、原大股東以及公司獲利來源的變化可知,新制實施的各種長短期措施,例如短期下強制公司必須以新股承銷(解決問題一)、要求承銷商運用專業審核監督公司的營運概況(解決問題二),長期下則透過承銷商分級管理制度(解決問題二)等,只要金管會確實執行,的確能讓初級市場最主要的兩大問題得到解決,最終還可達到完全資訊狀態。
但是,本文觀察發現,上半年整個初級市場的概況只能以「冷清」兩字來形容,因此繼續從新制實施的短期角度來看,考慮初級市場四種參與者所增加的各項成本,包括發行成本、資訊揭露成本等,以及其在適應新制時所造成新的衝擊與影響,包括公司額外募得之資金運用不當、每股盈餘遭稀釋之衝擊等等之後,本文發現經過初級市場四種參與者的交互影響,則最壞情況為發生「短期獲利低類型公司被逐出初級市場」的現象,並導致初級市場失靈而失去其所能帶給公司作為籌資管道之功能,這便可解釋為何初級市場近來會有如此冷清的情況。
因此本文建議,未來新制應做適度修正,例如降低公司上市時的成本、提供更大的誘因讓承銷商願意承做上市案件,避免初級市場發生失靈的可能;最後若再加上金管會確實長期下來公平客觀的執行承銷商分級管理制度,解決承銷商過度競爭之情況、讓投資人有信心願意相信承銷商會替其解決資訊不對稱的問題,則新制對整個初級市場以及參與者而言,將可帶來正面的效果與助益。
事實上,本文在研究過程中發現,國內承銷制度變革多著重於增加消極外部監督力量,並強調解決投資人與公司之間資訊不對稱的問題;但是本文以為,未來承銷制度還可走向實施能夠創造積極且為內部自發性監督力量的措施,且亦應設法解決承銷商與投資人、承銷商與公司之間資訊不對稱的問題才是,因此本文提出:一、在讓承銷商恢復專業方面,除了先前所提減少消極外部監督力量之衝擊,應設法再擴大承銷商的獲利來源和增加其本身積極內部監督之力量,例如培養出特有的服務項目尋求專業化或是選擇提供多種服務達到範疇經濟效果,以及品牌建立等;二、在解決公司與投資人之間資訊不對稱的問題方面,除了透過承銷商,本文認為還可藉由公司本身品牌之建立創造出自我監督力量,以及讓國內投資人從以散戶為主體到組成團體,形成類似法人之概念創造另一個外部監督的力量。三、在讓公司可以真正拿到上市時所募集之資金並做妥善運用方面,除了新股發行,本文建議,公司在使用新制上市時應了解到不能再沿用舊制的思考模式,須事先規劃如何降低新制帶給公司的衝擊,至於上市後,尚須透過完善的公司治理制度,來健全整個公司資金運用情形,因此金管會在對承銷制度進行改革的同時,也應考慮是否亦須適時修改出更完善的公司治理制度,藉由同時對公司上市前後之行為做完善的規範,相信能讓承銷制度的改革達成更顯著的效果。
藉由以上三方面之建議,本文希望能夠更迅速有效的解決國內當前初級市場所存在的不合理問題,並讓其在未來朝著更健全的方向發展,進而使得國內整個資本市場達成質與量皆提升的目標。
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兩岸三地臺商籌資評估之研究 / IPO and SPO for Taiwan enterprises in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan許坤源, Sheu,Jack K. Y. Unknown Date (has links)
隨著兩岸三地臺商卓越的競爭能力與大中華經濟的迅速發展,海內外臺商發展為配合其長期追求成長之資金需求與其個別特定目的,尋求於最適地點上市籌資或再次籌資已是海內外臺商經營環境中極為重要之ㄧ環。有競爭力的臺商是亞洲各國極力爭取投資及招攬上市掛牌籌資的貴客,因其卓越的經營績效,敢於追求成長的努力,與勇於冒險創新發展的精神,是亞洲各國學習的對象,尤其是來自中國大陸的吸引力。
為臺商提供了一個有效率而低成本的籌資平臺,同時提供投資人一個安全而有成長率的投資平臺,不但有利企業的後續發展,亦關乎產業發展之未來競爭力。
臺商雖然可以在全球證券市場上市掛牌,但在大中華經濟圈中大陸與香港素來是臺商企業投資之重要地域,隨著CEPA簽訂生效,更加連結香港與中國內地之經貿關係,在大批中國大陸具國際規模的國有企業往香港上市,香港證券市場更呈自1997回歸後,出現欣欣向榮的景象,加之中國大陸於股權分置改革執行初具成效後,於2006年初宣佈恢復新股上市,重啟上市申請機制。受此籌資環境變化影響,吸引了大批臺商擬選擇此兩地上市。
臺灣證券市場雖仍是多數海外臺商上市之「最佳解」,在人親土親的原則下可能會對臺商企業有諸多吸引力,但因招商政策之擬定與執行受到政治因素之影響而有所偏頗,限制對中國大陸投資上限及再籌資之資金不得投資中國大陸等障礙,臺商回臺上市面臨諸多壓力,回臺之路猶似近在眼前,卻遠如天邊,其路漫漫。故尋求在中國大陸或香港上市便成為臺商上市籌資之「較適解」選項。
如何突破目前法規架構下發展對臺灣經濟與產業發展競爭力之最為有利的方式是目前政府部門努力的方向之一。惟,反向思考,是否解開對大陸投資上限40%之障礙,臺商回臺上市必可迎刃而解呢?臺商赴港上市或赴大陸掛牌就一定是致命吸引力嗎? 藉由探討兩岸三地證券市場之發展現狀與特色﹔以及將臺商企業已在大陸上市、香港上市與回臺上市之營運面與證券交易面之表現,由該已上市臺資企業期後財務效益,檢視兩岸三地證券市場籌資之關聯性問題與上市決策之選擇關鍵,及群聚現象對產業發展之影響。
藉由深入分析兩岸三地資本市場之特徵與股市表現,試圖找尋可行途徑,以對臺商企業籌資及臺灣證券市場有所建言。
當全球交易所的合併收購蔚成風氣,紐約證交所(NYSE)於2006年6月以將近100億美元併購協議,以現金加計股票收購歐洲證交所(Euronext),首次建立橫跨大西洋兩岸的證券交易市場。惟,上市籌資具本土化特性,現今大量中資企業以H股或紅籌股到香港掛牌,而臺資企業亦經過集團分拆或組織重組到香港掛牌,均存在跨境監理之問題,而兩岸三地證券管理制度存在一定差異,若能彼此合作組成「大中華區域證券市場」─雙邊掛牌機制甚或多邊掛牌,則臺灣企業集團在兩岸三地間上市籌資、資金運籌就不會受制於相關兩岸三地間的利益衝突問題;具國際競爭能力之中資企業亦能吸納更多國際資金;香港投資銀行及金融之優勢可以更加發揮,達到三贏之局面。
政治是短暫的,產業經濟競爭能力才是長久的。從曾傲人經濟表現的亞洲四小龍,到金磚四國的崛起,產業經濟競爭不斷在演進,臺商及兩岸三地證券主管機關如何利用兩岸三地證券市場之特性與互補而整合成「大中華區域證券市場」,或許可為此區域經濟創造三贏之利益。
關鍵詞:臺商; 籌資; 投資; 初次上市;再籌資; 掛牌; 資本市場; 股票市場; / With rapid development of Greater China's economy of three places (China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) of two sides, listing in the most suitable exchange to fund-raising by IPO and SPO are quite important for the Taiwan enterprises. An efficient fund-raising platform of the low cost and safe, not only benefit Taiwan enterprises in future competitiveness, but also offer investors safe and efficient invest environment.
As CEPA signs coming into force, the trading tied closely between Hong Kong and China. Furthermore, China’s reform of “equity right” is effective and reopens the IPO mechanism at the beginning of 2006. Taiwan enterprise, however, listed on Taiwan stock market has a regulation of 40% limited of equity value invest in China. Those incentives from Hong Kong and China, the limit of Taiwan stock market, have made Taiwan enterprises consider to choose these two places to be listed.
In this research, we compare and contrast the characteristics among China, Hong Kong and Taiwan stock markets. Surveying the performance of business operation and dealing of the Taiwan enterprises which have listed in China or Hong Kong or come back to list on Taiwan market. Analyze and find the influence factors of the fund-raising among these three markets. Find the key points of listing decision and how the “cluster effect” influences the industry development.
Although the security market of Taiwan was listed by most overseas Taiwan traders ' solve bestly ', may have a great deal of appeal to Taiwan trader's enterprises under the circumstances that people kiss the principle kissed in land , but because promote trade and investment the policy draft that biased to some extent with the influence of receiving the political factor of execution, limit the obstacle of can't invest in China's Mainland to investment upper limit and fund raising funds again of China's Mainlanding etc., the Taiwan trader goes back to the platform to list and face a great deal of pressures, the way to platform is still like near before eyes, but far like the remotest places, its way is endless. Is it is it become Taiwan trader list raise funds ' relatively right to solve ' to select to list on China's Mainland or Hong Kong to seek.
How break through regulation between development and Taiwan economy and industry development competitiveness favorable way government department diligent direction at present most under the structure at present. Only, think backward whether untie 40% of the obstacles of upper limit of continent investment, is it be very easily solved that the Taiwan trader go back to the platform to list? The Taiwan trader be the deadly appeal when going to Hongkong and is listed or go to the mainland to list? By probing into the current situations of the development and characteristics of three place security markets of two sides; And has been listed on mainland Taiwan trader's enterprises , Hong Kong is listed and gone back the behavior the listing operation surface of the platform and securities trading , from should already listing Taiwan-owned enterprise financial benefit under issue, inspect two sides three place getting related question and listing choice key of decision that security market raise funds, and the influence on industry development of clustering phenomenon.
Behave with the characteristic and stock market of analysing in depth three place capital markets of two sides, attempt to look for the feasible way, suggest to the fund-raising of Taiwan trader's enterprise and security market of Taiwan to some extent.
Purchase and become atmosphere luxuriantly in amalgamation in the global exchange, the stock exchange of New York (NYSE ) has already decided an agreement, will add stocks and purchase the European stock exchange (Euronext ) with cash of nearly 10 billion dollars, set up and stretch over the securities trade market of the Atlantic Ocean firstly. Only, listing and raising funds has localization characteristics, a large amount of China-invested enterprises are gone to Hong Kong to list with the H-share or the red chips now, and the Taiwan-owned enterprise also passes the group and breaks or organizes and recombinates to Hong Kong and is listed , the question managed in border exists and steps but there are certain differences in three place securities management systems of two sides, if can cooperate and form ' Greater China regional security market ' each other - Listed the mechanism bilaterally even listed, then the enterprise group of Taiwan is listed on three places of two sides the fund-raising , fund and drawn up plans and would not be situated in the interests conflict question among three places of relevant two sides; The China-invested enterprise with international competitiveness can also receive more Chinese fund ; Hong Kong investment bank and advantage of the finance can give play to the situation up to three wins further .
' politics is transient, industry's economic competitive power is permanent ', Chinese helps Chinese, earns the global money with Chinese's strength of assembling, accords with Chinese's common interests of three places of two sides, regard this as the suggestions of three place securities competent authorities of two sides correctly.
Key Word : Taiwan enterprises; Fund-raising; IPO; SPO; Investment: Listing; Capital market; Stock market.
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新股初次上市(櫃)報酬分析與興櫃市場價格發現機能 / An Analysis of the IPO stocks return return andand emerging merging merging merging stock market market market price discovery mechanism黃茂欣, Huang, Mao Shin Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要探討新股初次上市(櫃)前後期間的股價反應,並藉由觀察準上市(櫃)公司正式上市(櫃)前於興櫃市場交易的股價反應,來驗證興櫃市場的價發現機能。實證結果顯示,上市(櫃)申請日起至興櫃市場最後交易日止期間平均持有報酬47.01%、上市(櫃)首日異常報酬為58.37%、正式掛牌上市(櫃)第二交易日起至一年後的報酬表現,新上櫃股票報酬為14.01%普遍優於新上市的-1.23%。
興櫃市場的價格發現機能相關研究方面,興櫃市場的價格發現機能相關研究的結論為:IPO首日超額報酬在興櫃市場就已經能率先適當反應,興櫃市場是有價格發現機能的,IPO首日超額報酬存在,很有可能是因為承銷價低估。 / This research aims to investigate the performance of IPO stocks during their offering. Our sample consists of IPO announced from March 1, 2005 to February 28, 2010 drawn from the Taiwan Economic Journal. The empirical results show that (1) the return from the day applying to TWSE or OTC to the last trading day on emerging stock market is 47.01%. (2)The IPOs market adjusted return on the first trading day is 58.37%. (3) The performance of IPO stocks listed on OTC is better than stocks listed on TWSE after their offering.
We also observed the stock price before listing to test price discovery function of emerging stock market. Our research show that stocks price on emerging stock market has appropriately reacted before listing. Emerging stock market has price discovery mechanism.
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