京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19480号 / 理博第4140号 / 新制||理||1595(附属図書館) / 32516 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 早川 尚男, 教授 佐々 真一, 准教授 藤 定義 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20959号 / 理博第4411号 / 新制||理||1633(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 高田 彰二, 教授 杤尾 豪人, 准教授 今元 泰 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

本研究では小型軽量な移動式床反力計と加速度センサ,ジャイロセンサおよび地磁気センサからなるウエアラブルな運動計測装置を開発し,本計測装置に適した動力学解析手法を提案して,動作解析システムとしての妥当性の検証を行なうことを目的とした.移動式床反力計の計測精度について定量的に評価し,本運動計測装置を用いて運動中の下肢の姿勢を算出した.さらに,本運動計測装置に適した動力学解析手法を提案し,提案手法にて算出された足関節モーメントの妥当性を検証した. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

本研究では油圧ショベルの生産性の向上のための掘削制御方策の確立をシミュレーションモデルによって行い,その有効性の検証を行うことを目的とした.個別要素法を用いて土壌を離散的に解析することで,掘削の生産性を評価できるモデルを構築した.さらに油圧ショベルの動力学モデルを構築することで掘削作業を行うために必要なエネルギを解析する.この2つモデルを組み合わせ,掘削に必要なエネルギあたりの掘削量を生産性の指標として,生産性の定量的評価を行う. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

本研究以2014年台北市長選舉，連勝文陣營為個案，探討其電視競選廣告的產製策略。首先根據外在環境因素與內在組織因素，將選戰劃分為三個時期，再分別探討連勝文陣營在這三個時期的競選傳播策略，以及組織動力，如何影響電視競選廣告的產製。研究方法為深度訪談法與參與觀察法。 研究結果顯示，由於連勝文陣營缺乏競選傳播策略，無法產製有效文宣，在選戰早期就該形塑的候選人定位也始終不明。選戰中遭遇危機，無法適時調整策略，競選廣告沒有扣連明確功能，而成為創意的試驗場，甚至造成反效果。 若從組織動力的角度切入，連勝文陣營競選傳播策略不明的問題，與遲遲無法建立領導核心有關。競選陣營的決策機制，往往是多元與效率的拉鋸，但為了因應瞬息萬變的選戰情勢，必要時應以效率為先，只是在組織與內規建立時，也應設下內控機制。 / This research focuses on Sean Lien camp’s strategy on the production of televised campaign communication during the 2014 Taipei city Mayoral election. First, the campaign can be divided into three phrases in terms of external factor and internal factor. This research will further look into the campaign communication strategy, and how televised campaign communication of Lien camp’s organization during the three phrases. The research methods are in-depth interview and observation in person. The research results show that Lien camp lacks campaign communication strategy, so Lien camp cannot produce effective campaign ads during his campaign. Lien camp fails to identify what kind of the candidate will play if elected, and also cannot adjust its campaign strategy to cope with urgent situation. Lien camp’s campaign communication cannot effectively promote candidate, but just to become the experiment of imagination and leads to counter-effect to the campaign. Judging from Lien camp’s organization, Lien camp fails to establish a clear leadership which is related to ineffectiveness of campaign communication. Decision-making mechanism of campaign headquarters is the tug-of-war between diversity and effectiveness. Sometimes, campaign headquarters must set effective measures as top priority in order to deal with changing campaign situation. However, internal control mechanism must be built while the establishment of organization of campaign headquarters and internal rules.

隨著全球化的發展，廿一世紀的國際安全情勢更為錯綜複雜，其中「恐怖攻擊」具備成本低、效果高、機動性強的條件，讓恐怖攻擊行動沒有時間、空間的限制，亦無道德、規範的侷限，此種全然改變戰爭本質的非傳統型態戰爭行為，儼然已成為危害國際社會發展與人類生存的一種新形態危機。 今日國際社會所要面對的「恐怖攻擊」危機，是由人為所誘發的危機。受到不同社會系統內政治、文化、經濟、種族、宗教等因素相對之間的動態性互動影響，使得危機的源頭更趨向於多元與複雜，因此，若能及早偵知危機預將發生或能判明引爆危機的原由，對於危機管理甚有助益。 針對「動態性複雜」問題，Peter M. Senge發展一套源自於系統動力學的「系統思考」途徑，透過「資訊回饋」的特性，由整體思考方式與觀察環狀因果的互動關係，能看出一再重複發生的結構型態，釐清複雜事件背後運作的簡單結構，並經由模式設計改善組織及工作指導準則。 研究發現，在危機管理的系統思考途徑中，事件層次的反應式作為僅能有限度地預防危機與處理危機；行為變化型態層次的順應變動中的趨勢，能從變動趨勢中警覺危機、發現危機與危機處理，若要全方位預防危機、有效危機處理以避免後遺，就必須從系統結構層次的觀點著手，改造行為的變化型態。 依據九一一事件的分析，人為所誘發危機的關鍵在於「人」，以及「人與人的互動關係」，爭奪的重點就在「利益」，也就是「得」與「失」之間；恐怖主義濫殺無辜，不可原諒也不可寬容，但另一方面，反恐政策也不應如美國政府在九一一事件後「擴張軍武、推銷軍售、共同發展武器」等作為就可以達成。 美、英等強權國家在探討反恐策略為何失敗、譴責恐怖攻擊手段兇殘之際，是否也應該反省文明衝突與族群對立的源頭，以及阿富汗、伊拉克人民的死傷慘狀，以及在其他地方所發生的殺戮與飢餓問題，才能避免強權國家一意孤行的後果，由全球的無辜者共同承擔。同時，基於地球的資源有限，如何和平共處、分享資源，才是遠離「人為誘發危機」的最佳方法。 / Following the development of globalization, the international security situation of 21st century becomes more complicated. The "terror attack" has the conditions of low cost, high effect, and high mobility, which make the terrorist no limitation of time and space and no restriction of moral and norm. The kind of non-traditional type warfare behavior completely changes the nature of war. That solemnly becomes the new type crisis to endanger the development of international community and the existence of human being. Today’s international community should face the "terror attack" crisis which is brought out by mankind. The factors of politics, culture, economy, race, and religion of different kind of community systems have relatively dynamic interaction effect which makes the crisis origin trend to more diverse and complicated. For this reason, if we can early detect the cause of the crisis, when and where, it will be very helpful for crisis management. Being aimed at "dynamic complexity", Peter M. Senge developed the "systems thinking" approach from systematic dynamics which goes through the characteristic of "information feedback" from the interaction of integrated thought manner and observed circle effect, and find out the repeated configuration to clear the back performance of simple structure of complicated event, and improve the guidelines of organization and work by mode design. Findings discover that during the approach of systems thinking of crisis management, event-arrangement behavior can only limitedly prevent from crisis and handle crisis. The variation-orientated trend of behavior variation arrangement can watch crisis, discover crisis, and handle crisis from variation trend. If someone wants to dimensionally prevent crisis, effectively handle crisis and avoid sequela, he should do it from the viewpoint of systematic constructive arrangement and to change the behavior variation type. According the 911 analysis, the key point of man-made crisis is "man", and the key point of argument from "interaction of the men" is "benefit", which is between "to gain" and "to lose". The terrorism causes the death of innocence, which can not be forgiven. But in the other side, counter-terrorist policy should not be achieved by "arms drive, promoting military sale, and mutually developing weapons", provided from US government after 9/11. When the powerful states, such as US, UK, probe into failure of counter-terrorist policy and condemn the cruel measure of terrorist attack, they should make themselves-examination of the fountainhead of civilization conflict and clan confrontation, and the casualty of Afghanistan and Irapi, and the slaughter and starvation of other places. Considering those things, we can avoid the result of powerful state doing, which put on the innocence of the world. At the same time, based on the limited resources of the earth, the best way to keep off "man-made crisis" is to live peace and to share resources.

本論文包括三篇有關「勞動力調整機制」及「失業」相關課題之研究。 這三篇研究分別在國際貿易理論的領域中，建立三個不同的理論分析架構與模型，進行討論有關勞動力調整的主題，整個論文的主軸及行文順序如下： 第一篇文章為「農村失業模型的理論與應用： WTO架構下的農業政策」，主要建構一個可能存在失業的理論模型。主要根據 Adam Smith 「剩餘生產力的出路」(vent for surplus)的理念下，本文主要針對在農村經濟出現生產要素「失業」的情況下，從剩餘生產力出路的觀點，將鄉村的過多勞動力或閒置土地，找到一個新的出口，再創造生產要素的價值。 第二篇文章為「勞動力調整機制與都市勞動力回流」，都市人口回流鄉村(return migration)為人口遷移的實證文獻所肯定的普遍現象，本文提供一個闡釋上述人口回流現象的理論基礎，討論勞動力的過度反應與都市人口回流(return migration)的形成。當鄉村地區勞動力過度外移至就業，一窩蜂跑到都市後反而成為都市中的失業人口，最後再選擇回流鄉村的動態行為模式。 最後，第三篇文章為「職前訓練與勞動力調整機制」，結合實質景氣循環模型中內生的勞動供給與跨部門的調整成本 (adjustment costs)的動態分析架構，從勞動者可以自己選擇要投入工作賺取報酬，或是不工作的決定，亦即，勞動者衡量「休閒」與「工作」所帶來的效用差異，決定投入生產的勞動供給量。同時，也考量到勞動市場的內部移動會造成資源配置的調整成本，因此，我們考慮勞動力跨部門移動需要經過職業訓練(training)的過程，才可正式生產。準此，在「內生的勞動供給」模型中納入「職業訓練」調整成本之後，能夠進一步釐清勞動市場內部的調整機制與其配置。

全球運籌的大趨勢使得紡織業必須轉換為全球佈局的產區導向。在台灣內部環境變遷和全球整體大環境劇烈改變下，紡織業早已將生產據點外移，轉移到生產成本更低的地方，增加企業的競爭力。紡織業也是台灣最早進行全球生產佈局的產業之一。因此，將紡織業設置在全球生產、行銷、研發的據點，與台灣營運總部互相連結，紡織業全球運籌之效率及整體的競爭力才能得以更加提昇。 以績效指標作為企業管理的核心，方能有效追蹤經營管理專案執行的狀況。運用績效指標訂立出企業維持營運的重要資訊數字，亦可事先預測企業表現並即時監督改善。透過績效指標的推動與實施，能夠幫助企業達到績效極大化的目標。因此，當企業規劃全球運籌的營運活動時，「指標」可謂評估上絕對不可或缺的一項重要管理工具。 過去對於台灣紡織業之全球運籌績效指標的研究相當少見，本研究所提出之紡織業全球運籌績效指標參考架構，藉由文獻探討，將供應鏈、紡織業、全球運籌此三個領域特性考量在此架構中，並與經濟部技術處示範性資訊應用開發計畫之八家個案廠商所提出的績效指標結合，所得到之結果再利用德爾菲法與學者專家訪談後分析結果，瞭解學者專家對初步之架構之建議，以強化此初步參考架構的適切與完整性。後以嚴謹的方式建立紡織業供應鏈之系統動力學模型，利用電腦模擬工具Powersim建構聚紡織業供應鏈之系統動態模式，並以情境分析模擬，評估在不同產業情境下，不同關鍵績效指標對於產業供應鏈績效之敏感度，以提供業者作為發展供應鏈績效指標架構之參考。 關鍵字： 紡織業、績效指標、系統動力學、灰色理論、全球運籌 / The trend of global logistic makes companies to change the pattern of supply chain. In Taiwan and the global environment, the companies have to locate elsewhere, to lower production costs, to increase the competitiveness of enterprises. The companies have to link the global production, marketing, research and development base with the headquarter of Taiwan to cooperate. Thus the efficiency of global logistic and the overall competitive can be more upgraded. We proposed a Global logistic performance indicators framework, through literature review in three areas in this framework: supply chain, the textile industry and global logistic. And then we compare the framework with performance indicators of eight cases of the textile industry. And the results have been used Delphi interviews with scholars and experts. After analysis of the Delphi’s results, we use a rigorous approach to build a system dynamics model of Taiwan's textile industry’s supply chain. We use simulation to test the sensitivities of each indicator in the framework to selected key indicators which can meet Taiwan textile industry’s need and rapidly respond to the real situation. Keywords: Global logistic、Performance indicator、System dynamic、Gray statistics、textile industry

從近代戰爭史來看，歷史的篇幅總是少不了俄國的存在，作為20世紀兩大領導集團之一的強權國家，國防武力的發展總是佔據最重要的部份，因為唯有國力的強大以及有效的軍事嚇阻力量，才能帶領國家免於遭受他國的惡意侵犯。傳統的戰爭型態在萊特兄弟成功發明具有動力推進能力的飛行器之後迅速改觀，俄國在這場人類科技發展的盛事中，可以說從一開始就參與至今，而空軍的創立，更是具有動燭先機的遠見，不但與世界上其他擁有空軍的國家歷史一樣悠久，更在第二次世界大戰以後與美國佔據了飛行歷史以及航天科技的天平兩端。俄國空軍的發展，讓我們看到俄國人是如何在困難的經濟狀態下以土法煉鋼的方式發展幾乎等同於甚至是超越西方世界的航太科技。本篇論文的內容，就是要將俄國空軍發展的歷史淵源以階段性的方式分別描述於各章節之中，並且也將俄國空軍在發展過程中所遇到的困難以及轉變作真實的敘述，以期能在國內付之闕如的相關資料當中作出微薄的貢獻。

多人角色扮演線上遊戲內是否有領導力？若有，這種能力如何培養、展現與有效實踐？本研究期待藉由探索魔獸世界公會團隊隊長(Raid Leader，簡稱RL)的遊戲歷程，探究線上遊戲如何可能成為形塑領導能力的場域，並分析此領導力應用於現實世界的機會與限制。 / 以線上遊戲「魔獸世界」為觀察環境，從RL在遊戲裡的日常工作、與他人相處、副本經歷到追求集體目標的過程，了解RL如何帶領玩家獲得成就感及形成影響力。擁有深遠故事背景、明確角色定位、任務導向及短中長期目標的「魔獸世界」正好提供良好的虛擬試煉空間，讓玩家組隊挑戰副本空間，讓玩家在自由組隊及各種征戰練習中，以團隊的力量尋找解答與達成擊敗魔王的目標。投入條件不斷變化的副本環境獲得利益與經驗等級，此過程所產生的情感與經濟的交換，使玩家間的關係變得複雜，也增加玩家對遊戲的黏著度，線上遊戲不但塑造出新的交友管道，更可能追引出新的管理模式與領袖培養機制。 / 本研究透過不同年齡與社會歷練之RL深度訪談，加上公會論壇的內容分析，察知在管理公會事務與副本征戰過程中的RL，將會於實踐遊戲目標之際建立自信與玩家間的信賴關係，並逐步形塑其領導力。此歷程中發現之策略運用、資源交換等遊戲技能；風險承擔與情緒管理等服務態度與合作分享等人格特質，與Drucker與Senge提出的領導力特質不謀而合，玩家將遊戲裡所獲得的心得分析、重組、整合，並把遊戲中與朋友相處的法則與解決問題的方式轉化及複製為現實社會裡的應用知識，線上遊戲除了可形塑創造願景、審時度勢、協調利益、嘗試創新、激勵賦能等領導者能力，可轉換至現實社會或不適宜轉換但可引以為戒的反向思考與限制也將一併於本研究中呈現。 / Is leadership really existent amongst on-line games? If so, how can those players develop, display or effectively practice their leadership when playing games? Then what will this capability affect or contribute to the virtual environment and our physical social context after players possess it? In order to answer these questions, this research has examined the character Raid leader or RL in on-line game, the World of Warcraft, investigated the forming process of his leadership and explored the ways in which an on-line game has become an arena to train leadership. Based on the World of Warcraft, we have observed RL’s daily routines in the game, the interaction with other players and the process from the dungeon (also called instance) experience to achieve team’s goal pursuit in attempts in order to realize the model of interaction in on-line game as well as the ways in which RL has led all the team member to attain achievements and form their influence. MMORPG with a long storyline, clear role position, mission orientation and different term goals offers an on-line gaming world where designed a series of quizzes and a dungeon for different player communities to challenge. Player can team up with the others, match with one another and conquer difference practices to find the resolution and defeat the monsters (also called Boss) in the dungeon. After campaigning with team members in different personalities and joining continuously changing dungeon environments to gain different bonus and experience levels, players may form a close bond with one another and exchange treasures or information on hand in terms of their economic profit during the game. Furthermore, after having some intensive interviews with RLs who are at different ages and having their own social experience in the real society as well as the analysis of the context in the guild forum, this research has discovered that RLs who manage guild affairs and conquer dungeon will establish their self-confidence and dependence with the other players when achieving the goals in games, and extend his leadership to those players. Those findings from this forming procedure not only agree with the rules to hone leadership asserted by Drucker and Senge in recent years and the characteristics but also drew forth a team dynamics force to on-line player communities and a new mass movement that may influence the social impression or educational direction in the future. By means of daily play of on-line games, players analyzed, re-organized and integrated their own feedback from the games, and involuntarily transferred the ways to get along with friends in games and to solve questions to tacit knowledge to manage the real society. In addition to the search for the vision formed in on-line games and the characteristics of leadership as consideration of the situation, co-ordination of the profits on hand, attempt to innovate and ability to stimulate talents, some changeable key points, mechanism or limitation to the real society or unchangeable but referring points will also be presented in this research.