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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

提昇組織承諾之研究:團隊建立的觀點

林建欣 Unknown Date (has links)
組織承諾在組織行為學上,一直是常受討論的議題,除了有助於提昇成員對組織的認同與投入外,其應用在近代盛行的組織變革上,更是有其特殊之價值。唯一般研究多只拘泥於有限變數的「因果模式」討論上,其優點固然可對提昇或降低組織承諾因素之考量有所助益,並可針對不同組織的生態環境,作妥善的考量,但對於組織承諾影響因素在整合上顯然不足,且影響組織承諾之因素範圍廣泛,僅採單一取向或可能因素之探討方式,不但不態盡窺組織之完整鳳貌,同時亦無法適時提供組織管理之參考運用,實有必要統整探討之。職是之故,本文擬藉由組織發展理論中「團隊建立」的干預技術,來對上述不足之處,提出一套理論性建構。 由於團隊本身即是一個很鬆散且富彈性的概念,故運用上大抵上也呈現這般態勢。職是,在與組織承諾作連結的探討上,本文分由以下三個部分來進行: 首先,在組織承諾與團隊建立共通性的討論上,本文一開始從組織承諾相關文獻中,擷取了個人知覺與領導型態兩類變項來作為本文前半部的研究焦點,試圖探討上述兩類變項在團隊建立上的角色地位。 其次,則針對個人知覺、領導型態與團隊建立三者的關係作交互檢視,並探討個人知覺、領導型與團隊建立因果關係為何,以及三者間如何互動與整合等問題。透過針團隊重要因子的確立,希望可以導出一個較具全觀性的團隊建立模式及其對提昇組織承諾的實益與作法。 最後,由於本文研究對象係界定在「公部門」,故在討論提昇組織承諾的過程中,打算直接從實務上政府行政革新的作法與困境來切入討論,以檢視出提昇組織承諾與政府改革的緊密性程度,當中本文採取提昇組織承諾過程中的三項重要因子--個人、領導與團隊,來針對行政改革的困境作反省。 綜言之,在未來強調競爭力的趨勢下,「人」將在再度成為關鍵的議題。無疑地,組織成敗將逐淅繁於每個人角色的扮演上,其間含括了身為一個部屬應如何表現?身為領導者,應如何與部屬或外界互動?以及組織成員對工作目標的涉入與承諾程度。緣此,本文即嘗試由團隊建立的運作與精神,來克服行政機關中普遍面臨的問題--組織承諾低迷的現象。本文研究結果發現,由於組織承諾與團隊建立在個人價值、心智建構與互動學習上存在著在共同特質與相互影響性,故透過團隊氣氛的培養,實為提昇組織承諾的最佳參考途徑之一。
102

省營事業機構人員精簡方案對留任員工組織行為影響之研究 / The Study of Impact of the Personnel Downsizing Program of the Provincial Government Enterprises on the Organizational Behavior of those Employees Kept Afterwards

葉雅倩, Yeh, Yah Chein Unknown Date (has links)
近年來由於世界性的經濟持續低迷,再加以各項自然資源的日益稀少與枯竭,以及面臨外在環境快速變遷與科技不斷推陳出新的衝擊,無論企業組織或政府部門莫不積極尋求降低人事費用、控制成本支出以及維繫組織目標發展的可行策略,而在各種策略當中,「精簡」(downsizing)常被認為是一項能促使組織重建、更新,降低成本費用、提高收益、增加競爭優勢及增進顧客滿意度的有效管理工具、故廣被國內外公私組織採用。在此同時,有關組織精簡對留任人員所造成的影響, 以及留任人員對於精簡方案的感受、反應與留任人員的感受、反應對精簡後組織運作績效之間的關聯性等方面的問題也逐漸受到討論重視。本研究乃以訂有人員精簡計畫,並已裁減部分人員的台汔、台鐵、中興、高硫、農工等五家省營事業機構為對象,探討其所實施的人員精簡方案與留任員工之組織行為的關係。本研究經由問卷調查分析後獲致下列結果:1.雖然受測的留任員工認為實施精簡使其工作職責加重,不安全感增加,對於精簡方案的規劃內容及實施過程方面也不甚滿意,但是他們對於人員精簡方案的整體評價仍較趨於正面;2.在實施人員精簡方案之後,受測的留任員工其組織承諾並未降低,在工作壓力及工作滿足方面也無明顯變化,而工作績效表現則較精簡前更為良好;3.受測者對人員精簡方案的認知與其精簡前後的組織承諾、工作壓力、工作滿足及工作績效變化情形之間存有顯著相關;4.不同年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、服務機關、服務年資、職務性質、職務等級的留任員工對人員精簡方案的認知有顯著差異;不同性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、服務機關、服務年資、職務等級的留任員工在精簡後之組織行為變化上有顯著差異。
103

臺北市高國中優質學校教師對優質學校知覺與組織承諾關係之研究 / The research of quality schools perception and organizationalcommitment relationship for teachers in high schools receivedthe quality school award in Taipei city

趙雅鈴, Chao, Ya Ling Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在了解獲得臺北市優質學校榮譽的學校,其教師參與情形與影響因素,並了解其教師組織承諾情形及對該校參與優質學校評選的知覺情形教師的組織承諾關係,分析教師個人變項、學校環境變項在優質學校知覺以及組織承諾的差異情形,最後探討優質學校教師對優質學校知覺與組織承諾之現況與二者間的關係。 本研究以問卷調查法為主, 以自編之臺北市高國中優質學校教師對優質學校知覺與組織承諾調查問卷(內含基本資料、「教師優質學校知覺量表」、「教師組織承諾量表」)為工具,以2006至2009間獲得臺北市優質學校ㄧ項以上獎項之31所學校分層隨機抽取21所學校教師,共發出問卷490分,回收418份有效問卷(有效回收率85.3%)。另計算各校實際參與情形予以計算分數,累積總分即為該校對優質學校方案參與情形之程度分數,依調查結果,將參與情形之程度分為高、中、低三類型。所得資料以SPSS for window 12.0統計套裝軟體進行描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、相關檢定以及多元迴歸分析等進行資料分析,進行研究結果的分析與討論。研究結論如下: 壹、臺北市高國中優質學校教師對優質學校教育政策的「認知」、「情感」及「參與意願」三方面的表現都在大致良好狀況。 貳、臺北市高國中優質學校教師的年資愈高及兼任行政職務者,其「認知」及「情感」層面高於資淺教師、導師及專任教師。 參、「中等程度參與」之學校教師對優質學校的整體知覺,高於「低程度參與」者及「高程度參與」者。 肆、臺北市高國中優質學校教師有高度的組織承諾。 伍、臺北市高國中優質學校教師服務年資較久及擔任主任的教師組織承諾相對高於資淺教師與組長、導師。 陸、臺北市大型規模高國中優質學校之教師組織認同顯著高於中型規模學校。 柒、臺北市高國中優質學校教師對優質學校的整體知覺表現愈佳者, 教師的組織承諾程度愈高。 捌、臺北市高國中優質學校教師對優質學校的參與意願與認知,對整體組織承諾有顯著預測力。 最後依據研究結果與結論,提出具體建議,以作為學校相關教育人員、教育行政機關、以及未來研究的參考。 / The main purpose of this study was to understand the situation of teachers’ participation and the factors which influence their participation in quality school in Taipei. Further, this study also intent to understand teachers’ perception and organizational commitment. Analyzing variables included teachers’ demographics, and school environment. Finally, this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers’ perception and organizational commitment as well. Survey was used as methodology in this study. The questionnaire “Taipei city high school teachers’ perceptions and organizational commitment”, which was developed by researcher, was used to collect the data. (This questionnaire included three subscales: demographics, quality school teacher perception scale, and Organizational commitment scale). From 2006 to 2009, thirty-one schools received at least one award, and of those, 21 schools were randomly selected. Four hundred and ninety questionnaires were distributed to teachers, and 418 valid questionnaires were returned (responding rate was 85.3%). In addition, each school had a participation score by calculating the degree of school actual participation. The school participation was categorized into three degrees: high, average, and low. SPSS for window 12.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regressions were used as statistical techniques. The results of this study are as follows: 1.Teachers in quality schools perform well in the “cognition”, “emotion” and “participation” of school education policy. 2.Teachers who have longer seniority or hold an administration job at the same have higher degree of “cognition” and “emotion” than less seniority teachers, class teachers, and specialty teachers. 3.Teachers in quality school in average participant schools have higher cognitive scores than low participant schools and high participant schools. 4.Teachers in quality school are highly committed to the organizations. 5.Teachers who have longer seniority or serve as directors are more committed to the organizations than teachers with less seniority, homeroom teachers and section chiefs. 6.Teachers in large size schools are more committed to the organizations. 7.The better of cognition score, the higher organizational commitment teachers have. 8.Teachers’ “participation” and “cognition” would significantly predict their organizational commitment. From research finding and conclusion, we provide recommendation to the school staff, education board, and future research reference.
104

臺北市國民中學校長變革領導、教師組織承諾與學校創新經營效能關係之研究 / A study on the relationships among principals’ change leadership, teachers’ organizational commitment, and school innovative management effectiveness in junior high schools in Taipei City

周婉玲, Chou, Wanling Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探究國民中學教師所知覺的校長變革領導、教師組織承諾與學校創新經營效能之關係,根據研究結果提出建議,以做為教育行政機關、國民中學校長,以及未來相關研究之參考。 本研究以臺北市立國民中學之教師為對象,採問卷調查法,以「國民中學校長變革領導、教師組織承諾與學校創新經營效能問卷」進行抽樣調查,抽取541位教師為樣本,回收415份,回收率為76.7%,以描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法加以分析。獲得以下結論: ㄧ、臺北市國民中學整體校長變革領導現況屬良好程度,各層面以「提升危機意識」最好,以「組織變革團隊」最後。 二、不同學歷及擔任職務背景變項之教師對於校長變革領導的知覺具有顯著差異;不同教師性別、教師年齡及教師服務年資等變項無顯著差異。 三、不同學校規模、學校歷史、校長年齡、校長在該校服務年資、擔任校長總年資及校長學歷等學校背景變項之教師對於校長變革領導的知覺具有顯著差異;不同校長性別變項無顯著差異。 四、臺北市國民中學整體教師組織承諾現況屬良好程度,各層面以「努力意願」最好,以「留職傾向」最後。 五、不同教師年齡、教師最高學歷、教師服務年資及教師擔任職務等背景變項教師對於教師組織承諾的知覺具有顯著差異;不同教師性別變項無顯著差異。 六、不同學校規模及校長最高學歷背景變項之教師對於教師組織承諾的知覺具有 顯著差異;不同學校歷史、校長性別、校長年齡、校長在該校服務年資、擔任校長總年資等背景變項無顯著差異。 七、臺北市國民中學整體學校創新經營效能現況屬良好程度,各層面以「學生活動創新效能」最好,以「課程教學創新效能」層面程度最後。 八、不同教師擔任職務背景變項之教師對於學校創新經營效能的知覺具有顯著差異;不同教師性別、教師年齡、教師最高學歷及教師服務年資等變項無顯著差異。 九、不同學校歷史及校長年齡背景變項之教師對於學校創新經營效能的知覺具有顯著差異;不同學校規模、校長性別、校長在該校服務年資、擔任校長總年資,以及校長最高學歷等背景變項無顯著差異。 十、校長變革領導與學校創新經營效能之間具有正相關;教師組織承諾與學校創新經營效能之間具有正相關。 十ㄧ、校長變革領導各層面以「形塑學校文化」及「營造變革環境」對學校創新經營效能具有預測力,總解釋變異量為42.3%。 十二、教師組織承諾「留職傾向」、「努力意願」及「組織認同」三層面對學校創新經營效能均具有預測力,總解釋變異量為36.2%。 十三、校長變革領導與教師組織承諾對學校創新經營效能之聯合預測,共有「形塑學校文化」、「努力意願」、「留職傾向」、「營造變革環境」及「組織認同」五個層面對整體學校創新經營效能具有預測力,總解釋變異量為50.1%。 最後,根據研究結果提出下列幾點建議: ㄧ、對教育行政機關的建議 (一)規劃變革領導相關課程及訓練,提昇新任校長變革領導能力。 (二)多挹注相關資源給小型及老舊學校,以強化學校競爭力。 (三)鼓勵資深且治校有方之校長至亟須大力整頓之小校或老校服務,以救亡圖存,提升學校創新經營效能。 二、對國中校長的建議 (ㄧ)洞悉學校發展需求,掌握時機節奏進行變革領導。 (二)拔擢人才充分溝通,將組織發展目標與個人發展目標相結合。 (三)鼓勵教師在職進修與時俱進,與學校之各項變革相契合。 (四)發揮教師社群力量,授權學歷高有意願教師帶動學校課程與教學創新。 (五)落實教學輔導照顧資淺教師,發揮老幹新枝經驗傳承的力量,並強化組織承諾與留職傾向。 (六)設立各項教師獎勵措施,激勵教師內外在成就動機,增強對學校向心力。 (七)積極爭取經費與各項資源,改善硬體設備,打造嶄新優質的學校環境。 (八)建構各項創新變革方案回饋循環模式,營造創意的學校文化。 / The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship among principals’ change leadership, teachers’ organizational commitment, and school innovative management effectiveness which teachers perceive, and to propose suggestions based on the results, for the reference of educational administration authorities, junior high school principals, and relevant future studies. In this study, faculty of junior high schools in Taipei City is picked as subjects and questionnaire survey is adopted. The researcher formulates “junior high school principals’ change leadership, teachers’ organizational commitment, and school innovative management effectiveness questionnaire,” and randomly selects 541 teachers as samples. In a rate of 76.7%, 415 replies are returned and then analyzed in methods of descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, product-moment correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. The following conclusions are obtained: 1. The present situation of principals’ change leadership is up to fine level. Among all the aspects, “raising the sense of danger” ranks to the top, while “organizing teams for change” ranks otherwise. 2. Teachers bearing different education backgrounds and duties perceive principals’ change leadership significantly differently; while teachers of other variables such as gender, age, and service seniority show no significant difference. 3. Teachers of different demographic variables such as school size and history; principals’ age, local seniority, total seniority, and education background perceive principals’ change leadership significantly differently; while the variable, principals’ gender, shows no significant difference. 4. The present situation of teachers’ organizational commitment is up to fine level. Among all the aspects, “desire for putting efforts” ranks to the top, while “tendency to retain the job” ranks otherwise. 5. Teachers of different demographic variables such as age, education level, service seniority, and duties perceive teachers’ organizational commitment significantly differently; while the variable of gender shows no significant difference. 6. Teachers of different demographic variables such as school size and principals’ education level perceive teachers’ organizational commitment significantly differently; while some other variables such as school history; principals’ gender, age, local seniority, and total seniority show no significant difference. 7. The present situation of school innovative management effectiveness is up to fine level. Among all the aspects, “innovative effectiveness of pupil activity” ranks to the top, while “innovative effectiveness of course and instruction” ranks otherwise. 8. Teachers bearing different duties perceive school innovative management effectiveness significantly differently; while teachers of other variables such as gender, age, education level, and seniority show no significant difference. 9. Teachers of some demographic variables such as school history and principals’ age perceive school innovative management effectiveness significantly differently; while some other variables such as school size; principals’ gender, local seniority, total seniority, and education level show no significant difference. 10. Principals’ change leadership is positively related to school innovative management effectiveness; teachers’ organizational commitment is also positively related to school innovative management effectiveness. 11. School innovative management effectiveness is most predictable for “to shape school culture” and “to establish change environment” among all the aspects of principals’ change leadership, accounting for 42.3% of total variance. 12. Teachers’ organizational commitment is predictable for each aspect, including “tendency to retain the job,” “desire for putting efforts,” and “approval of organization,” accounting for 36.2% of total variance. 13. When combining principals’ change leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment, school innovative management effectiveness is predictable for five aspects, including “to shape school culture,” “desire for putting efforts,” “tendency to retain the job,” “to establish change environment,” and “approval of organization,” accounting for 50.1% of total variance. Finally, based on the results, the following suggestions are proposed: 1. Suggestions for educational administration authorities (1)Arrange related courses and trainings of change leadership to improve newly nominated principals’ ability to lead changes. (2)Invest more relevant resources to small or old schools to make them more competitive. (3)Encourage senior principals who are good at management to aid small or old schools in need, for saving and improving their innovative management effectiveness. 2. Suggestions for principals in junior high schools (1)Understand what is required for school development thoroughly, and seize the timing for processing change leadership. (2)Select talented people, communicate sufficiently, and combine organizational and personal goals of development. (3)Encourage teachers to take in-service education to catch up the pace of the times, and to better cooperate with changes applied at school. (4)Fulfill the power of teachers’ community through authorizing highly educated and willing ones to promote innovation of courses and instructions. (5)Perform instructive guidance and assistance to help less senior teachers, pass on experiences, and strengthen organizational commitment and tendency to retain the job. (6)Establish reward system to inspire teachers’ both inner and outer motivation, and enhance the centripetal force to their school. (7)Actively endeavor to obtain money and resources and improve hardware to build quality environment. (8)Establish circulating feedback pattern of innovative change blueprints to produce creative atmosphere of school.
105

電視新聞媒體組織文化、組織承諾、工作滿意度與工作績效之關係研究-電視記者的觀點 / The study of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work efficiency in television media organizations -- the point of views from television journalists

李佩蓮 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣電視新聞台林立,其密集之程度在全球相當罕見,而新聞從業人員在同業競爭及新科技發展等現實因素下,所承受之壓力更甚以往,在企業化的經營下,電視台必須考量新聞內容的差異性及多樣性,同時近來壹電視的成立,也造成了電視台不小之影響,在種種環境背景丕變之情況下,更需要進一步了解現今新聞工作者之工作態度及對於工作認同程度,因此本研究藉由電視新聞媒體探討組織文化與組織承諾、工作滿意度、工作績效之關係,希冀提供新聞工作者及電視台經營符合現況之研究結果及實務建議。 本研究之調查對象主要針對電視台新聞記者,並以北部之新聞台記者為主要研究對象,進行量化問卷調查及質性深度訪談方式,透過電視台發放問卷,並安排合適之對象進行深度訪談。除藉由統計分析了解組織文化與組織承諾、工作滿意度、工作績效之關係,亦以深度訪談進行佐證解釋。 研究中發現組織文化對於工作滿意、工作績效、組織承諾均有顯著影響,特別是壹電視記者在組織承諾、工作滿意度、工作績效均優於其他電視台,顯示在特定組織文化上,的確能使得新聞工作者在工作表現上有所提升。另外,組織承諾對於工作滿意、工作績效也有顯著影響,顯示提升組織承諾,當記者認同公司的價值觀和目標後,能使記者恪盡職守,甚至願意在工作之外付出努力。最後,工作滿意對於工作績效也會產生顯著影響,記者的工作滿足來源,來自於認同新聞工作所帶來之社會意義,或是與個人道德觀或價值觀的吻合,當有越高之工作滿意,當然對於工作績效的提升也能有所助益。 / Taiwan has extremely high density of television stations which is rare to see in the world. The journalists face a great competition in the market and the fast development of new technology. They have to suffer more stress than ever. In recent years, television stations are forced to think how to make news contents more different and diverse from competitors. This research focus on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work efficiency in television media and eager to provide practical recommendations for journalists and the managers of television station. This research aims at the television journalists in north Taiwan and uses questionnaire and depth interview to understand their opinions. Questionnaire analysis shows the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work efficiency of journalists and depth interview help to give explanations and proofs. According to the result, organizational culture can affect job satisfaction, work efficiency and organizational commitment.Organizational commitment has positive effect on job satisfaction and work efficiency. When journalists identify with organization’s value and prospect, they are willing to put more efforts on their jobs. Moreover, job satisfaction can also affect work efficiency. Journalists are satisfied with their jobs when news reporting brings meaning to whole society or journalists and news reporting share the same value and moral. Also higher job satisfaction can help to improve work efficiency.
106

國中校長教學領導、教師工作承諾與學校教育成效關係之研究

黃玉梅 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究係以文獻分析、問卷調查之研究方法,以SAS統計軟體進行統計分析,以探討「校長教學領導」、「教師工作承諾」、「學校教育成效」三變項之間的關係。根據530位國中教師問卷量表的調查結果,所獲得的主要結論如下: 壹、學校教育現況的整體表現有所進步 貳、教師的教育背景提昇有必要大力推動 參、女校長所領導的學校,其學校教育成效較佳 肆、在教師人口變項方面的差異情形: (一)不同性別教師的工作承諾沒有顯著差異。 (二)在教師的年齡方面,51歲以上的教師其教師工作承諾的程度最高;30歲以下的教師其教師工作承諾的程度最低。 (三)在教師年資方面,年資最深(26年以上)的教師其教師工作承諾的程度最高。 (四)兼任行政工作的教師對校長教學領導的評價最高;對學校的組織承諾程度也最高 伍、在不同學校規模方面的差異情形: (一)大、中、小型學校的校長教學領導沒有顯著差異。 (二)中、大型學校的教師工作承諾較高。 (三)小型學校在降低學生輟學率、減少學生犯過率及學校教育成效總體表現的結果顯著的優於大型學校。 (四)中型學校在提昇升學率方面的表現顯著的優於大型或小型的學校。 陸、不同區域國民中學的校長教學領導、教師工作承諾及學校教育成效沒有顯著差異。 染、校長教學領導、教師的工作承諾與學校教育成效的關係 (一)校長的教學領導越佳,教師的工作承諾越高。 (二)校長的教學領導越佳,學生的在校輟學率、行為犯過率越低;但是學生的學習進步率、畢業升學率越高,且學校教育成效的總體表現也越佳。 (三)教師對學校組織的承諾越高,則學生的在校輟學率、行為犯過率越低;學習進步率、畢業升學率越高,且學校教育成效的總體表現也越佳。 (四)教師對學生教育承諾的高低對學生的在校輟學率、行為犯過率沒有顯著影響;但是教師對學生的教育承諾越高對學生的學習進步率、畢業升學率、及學校教育成效的總體表現有越正向的影響。 (五)對學校組織承諾與對學生教育承諾都高的教師,學生的在校輟學率、行為犯過率也低;但是學生的學習進步率、畢業升學率則高,且學校教育成效的總體表現也越佳。 (六)校長教學領導越佳且教師工作承諾越高的學校,其學生的在校輟學率、行為犯過率也越低;但是學生的學習進步率、畢業升學率則越高,且學校教育成效的總體表現也越棒;反之亦然。 (七)對於學校教育成效中學生的在校輟學率、行為犯過率、學習進步率、畢業升學率,及學校教育成效總體表現的影響,以校長的教學領導最為重要、次為教師對學校的組織承諾、在其次為教師對學生的教育承諾。 根據上述主要結論,本研究所提出的建議如下: 壹、大力推動教師在職進修碩士班或是四十學分班 貳、鼓勵女性教師從事學校行政工作 參、規劃合宜的教育措施以使不同年齡教師能發揮所長,樂在工作 肆、建立專任教師兼任行政工作的輪調制度 伍、學校規模應朝班級數在31∼60班之間的中型學校調整 陸、加強校長教學領導行為及增強教師工作承諾知覺以促進學校教育成效的優良表現 柒、後續的研究可進一步探討「教師對學生的教育承諾」的影響因素,以及用於衡鑑「學校教育成效」的其他重要因子。
107

解說志工之人格特質、參與動機、工作滿足與組織承諾間關係之研究─以陽明山國家公園管理處為例 / A Study on the Relationships of Volunteer Interpreters’ Personality, Participation Motivation, Job Satifaction and Organizational Commitment: A Case of Yangmingshan National Park Administration

李孟左 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究採用文獻探討、問卷調查、深度訪談等方法,從解說志工的個人社經背景、人格特質、參與動機、工作滿足、管理制度檢討及組織承諾等進行探討,重要發現如下: 一、解說志工個人社經背景同質性高,大部分是透過現有人際關係介紹成為志工,在受訪者的基本特性方面,以女性居多,期別以第十期居大多數,年齡層以46~55歲中壯年佔的比例最高,教育程度方面以大學佔大多數,職業以退休人士最多,月平均收入以50,000~69,999元的比例最高,居住地以台北市佔大多數,婚姻狀況則是已婚居大多數,而無其他志願服務經驗及有宗教信仰者佔多數。解說志工的人格特質相對偏向外控傾向,但差異性不大。 二、參與動機多元化,隨個人屬性不同有所差異。 三、解說志工之工作滿足為中上程度,對於組織氣氛、督導有所期許;解說志工在組織承諾上,以「努力意願」最強,而在「組織認同」較弱,且隨個人屬性有所不同; 四、在參與動機、工作滿足及組織承諾程度皆是以內控者較高,顯示出志工在志願服務過程中,會以團體為核心,主動、自主、積極的態度來配合管理處解說工作。 五、參與動機與工作滿足之間有極顯著正相關,參與動機與組織承諾之間有極顯著性正相關,工作滿足與組織承諾之間有極顯著性正相關。 六、「工作特性滿足」、「社會責任動機」、「意願實現動機」、「督導滿足」、「教育程度(專科)」與「自我成長與生涯規劃滿足」等,對志工整體組織承諾有較大的預測力。
108

新進人員與直屬主管及資深同事價值觀契合度對新進人員組織承諾之影響-並檢驗「與主管交換關係」及「與同事交換關係」之干擾效果

林佳怡 Unknown Date (has links)
求職者與企業雙方都冀望尋求彼此契合的對象,新進人員藉以認同組織、發揮所長;企業藉以提升新人對組織的承諾感,進而獲得其良好績效。論及契合多以價值觀為核心,又由於直屬主管與部門同事是影響新人的關鍵角色,因此將其視為契合比較之重要對象,分別探討新進人員與直屬主管及與資深同事的價值觀契合度對新人組織承諾的影響。然而,新人與主管及同事的互動關係也影響了新人對組織的態度,故在價值觀契合度影響組織承諾的關係中,新進人員與主管的交換關係(LMX)以及新進人員與資深同事的交換關係(TMX)應存在著干擾作用。 因此,本研究分別以新進人員□直屬主管及新進人員□部門資深同事價值觀(四構面)契合度為自變數,新人組織承諾(三構面)為依變數,LMX和TMX為干擾變數,針對國內一製造業之新進人員、直屬主管、部門資深同事以問卷方式蒐集資料,總計發放635份卷,回收257份;經客觀配對成功之最後分析樣本:新進人員38人,直屬主管20人及部門資深同事93人。資料分析方法採敘述性統計分析、相關分析描述變項的特徵及變項間的關係,並以階層迴歸分析檢驗變項間的影響和干擾效果。研究假設檢驗結果如下: 1.新進人員□直屬主管之自我增進價值觀契合度對「努力承諾」和「價值承諾」有顯著的正向影響 2.新進人員□部門資深同事之自我增進價值觀契合度對「努力承諾」和「價值承諾」有顯著的正向影響 3. TMX在「新人□同事價值觀契合度對新人努力承諾關係」及「新人□同事價值觀契合度對新人價值承諾關係」中有顯著的干擾效果 研究結果顯示,直屬主管與資深同事皆是影響新人對公司態度的重要接觸群體。在涵蓋一般價值觀的四構面價值觀中,新人與直屬主管、資深同事「自我增進」價值觀契合度是影響新人組織承諾的重要因素,談及契合與否應重視與工作成效相關的「自我增進價值觀」。又基於高TMX在價值觀契合對組織承諾關係的干擾效果,在契合度低的情況下,員工與同事有好的交換關係品質時能夠使低組織承諾的情況不致產生。因而本研究欲提升員工組織承諾,可將發展重點放在建立與同事的關係上,以代替招募價值觀契合者,或企圖改變員工價值觀使與組織契合所做的努力。
109

組織文化、組織社會化與組織承諾對離職意圖,以人員類別為調節變項─以轉型後的臺灣港務股份有限公司為例 / Exploring the Relationship among Organizational Culture, Organizational Socialization, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention: Taking Personnel Category as Moderator Variable- The Empirical Study of Taiwan International Ports Corporation, LTD

劉容辰, Liou, Rong Chen Unknown Date (has links)
全球化的衝擊下,我國港埠發展必須透過改變以開創新的契機迎接挑戰。因此,原為公務機關的港務局,於2012年3月經「政企分離」改制為「臺灣港務股份有限公司(TIPC)」,然而,目前港務公司雖已改制,但內部成員仍處新舊人員交替階段,具公務員身分之繼續任用人員(舊人)陸續退休,但新進從業人員(新人)的養成仍需時間,此造成組織人力老化與斷層的嚴重問題。如何有效讓舊人傳承經驗給新人,並培養中間幹部與迅速補充人力,建立資源統合機制為臺灣港務公司需正視的課題。轉型之後,為鞏固公司順利運作與發展,新舊成員們所認知的組織文化型態、組織社會化情形、組織承諾程度,如何影響離職意圖實有探討必要。故本研究實證此四個研究變項的關係,提供臺灣港務公司和相關管理階層,作為落實人力資源管理與預防員工離職行為之參考。 本研究選定臺灣港務公司之總公司及基隆、臺中、高雄、花蓮四個分公司人員為研究母體,共計回收280份有效問卷,並以SPSS 21與AMOS 21統計軟體針對問卷資料進行「描述性統計、差異性分析、信度與效度、積差相關、驗證性因素分析與多元階層迴歸」等分析方法,以瞭解研究變項彼此關聯與假設驗證,研究結果有以下發現: 一、組織社會化無法有效預測離職意圖。在三種不同型態組織文化與離職意圖上,僅創新型文化有顯著效果,但影響方向相較於先前研究有關組織文化在離職意圖的結果相反。組織承諾與離職意圖達負向顯著影響效果。最後,新人離職意圖確實較舊人高。 二、在個別的調節作用探討上,新、舊人員在組織社會化、官僚型文化、創新型文化、支持型文化與離職意圖的關係中皆有干擾效果;僅組織承諾對離職意圖無調節效果。 從實證結果本研究得到三項結論,首先,公司成員對臺灣港務公司至今究竟較偏向何種型態的組織文化樣貌亦有不同於以往相關研究之看法,從中公司可藉此反思應如何持續強化或加深成員們對該組織的總體印象。其次,整體而言,公司成員對於公司仍相當具有組織承諾感,亦即當成員愈認同該組織的價值觀、經營模式與建立同仁間感情關係等措施,則愈不易產生離開公司的念頭,並會期望自己能長期留任於公司盡己所能地貢獻與服務。第三,新人無論在組織社會化、以制度規範為基礎的文化、創新型文化、支持型文化等面向,其離職意圖皆低於舊人。 最後,本研究建議臺灣港務公司應重視新、舊人的離職意圖問題,考量組織文化、組織社會化與組織承諾的重要影響。兩類不同身分成員對離職意圖的差異,針對不同的組織文化型態、組織社會化策略與方案,思考如何提升成員的組織承諾,並研擬相關策略規劃與制定,以使更臻完備。 / Due to the impact of globalization, the development of shipping and transportation management in Taiwan’ is necessary to change to create new opportunities. Therefore, the Port Authority was restructuring by separating the division of administration and enterprise operations and transformed into Taiwan International Ports Corporation, LTD (TIPC) on March, 2012. Although the TIPC has been reformed, the members are still in the alternation stage with the old employees and new comers. While the senior staff, who are public servants gradually retire, the new hired employees still need some time to adapt the new environment. In consequence, the work force is getting aging and discrepancy that will result in serious managerial problems to the organization. How to effectively cultivate the work environment that allows the newcomers having senior staff experiences, develops the middle level cadres of managers, and establishes the mechanism to integrate resources is very critical issues. It must be addressed squarely by the TIPC. Focusing on the four variables of the organizational culture, organizational socialization, organizational commitment, and the turnover intention, this study examines the relationship among the four variables. The findings provide managerial implications for TIPC to implement human resource management and preventing employees from leaving their jobs. The purpose of this study is to explore the associations among organizational culture, organizational socialization, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and the moderation effect of newcomer and senior staff. The participants of this study were employees of TIPC. The total valid sample size was 280. Using SPSS21 and AMOS 21 the data was analyzed by the descriptive statistics analysis, t test, one-way ANOVA, Reliability Analysis and Validity Analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Multiple Hierarchical Regression Analysis. Based upon the hierarchical regression analysis, the findings were as follows: First, organizational socialization has negatively relationship with turnover intention but no significance. Second, for relationships among the three different types of organizational culture and turnover intention, only innovative culture has positive and significant impact on turnover intention. While bureaucratic culture and supportive culture have negative directions with turnover intention, neither of them show significant magnitudes with the outcome variable. But compared to previous research on the impact of organizational culture and turnover intention, the findings demonstrate the opposite direction. Third, organizational commitment has a negative and significant relationship with turnover intention. Four, the turnover intention of newcomer is indeed higher than senior staff. Finally, there is a moderation effect for newcomers and senior staff to the relationships among organizational socialization, bureaucratic culture, innovative culture, supportive culture and turnover intention. But newcomers and senior staff couldn’t moderate the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. From the empirical results of this study, three conclusions are drawn. First, the members of the company have different opinions on the type of organizational culture that is different from previous studies. From this point of view, the TIPC needs to contemplate how to develop and strengthen the overall impression of members on the organization. Second, as a whole, newcomers and senior staff have a high level of organizational commitment to the company. The result indicates that when members can recognize more about the organizational values, business models, and relationships with their cohorts, the less likely that they will leave the company. In other words, employees can stay longer and contribute more for the company.. Third, when it comes to organizational socialization, institution-based culture, innovative culture, and supportive culture, those newcomers are less likely to leave their jobs than senior staff. Our suggestions of this study are as below: 1. TIPC should pay more attention to the issue of newcomers’ and senior staff’s turnover intention and consider the important influence of organizational culture, organizational socialization and organizational commitment. 2. In terms of this study, we look forward to providing enterprises with a reference of how to focus on different types of personnel category (e.g., newcomers vs. senior staff) about the problem of turnover intention. The differences between the two types of personnel category regarding their turnover intention are based on different organizational culture patterns, strategies and plans for organizing socialization. TIPC should also think about how to enhance the organizational commitment of their members, and design relevant strategies to make its strategic plan more comprehensive.
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標準必要專利之國際管轄與準據法研究 / International jurisdiction and choice of law for standard essential patents

張博茹 Unknown Date (has links)
法院處理涉外標準必要專利之案件時,經常面臨國際管轄以及準據法適用的問題。涉及議題包含授權契約之成立與效力、專利侵權、違反競爭法等。本文先分析我國涉外民事法律適用法在智慧財產案件上之實務適用情形,認為目前涉外民事法律適用法第42條第1項應僅適用與智慧財產權利內容本身相關之爭議,智慧財產契約或侵權行為案件,則應適用契約與一般侵權行為之選法規則。 其次,本文透過研究日本、中國、韓國、美國、英國等國之標準必要專利案件,探討標準必要專利案件中,標準制定組織的智財權政策與F/RAND承諾,經常約定以標準制定組織所在地法為準據法,因此所生之授權契約爭議與競爭法爭議,包括法院是否有權管轄,以及應該如何適用之準據法。在與F/RAND相關之爭議裡,各國法院鮮少有拒絕管轄的情形。準據法方面,實務上基於當事人意思自主原則,適用標準制定組織之智財權政策與F/RAND承諾之準據法,判斷F/RAND承諾之性質,以及當事人間授權契約是否成立以及其效力為何。競爭法方面,實務上各國皆適用內國競爭法,以決定標準必要專利權人之行為是否濫用其市場地位。 經由比較法與實務案件之分析,本文主張標準必要專利之中基於F/RAND所生之契約爭議,仍應適用標準制定組織之智財權政策與F/RAND承諾中所約定之法律。適用涉外民事法律適用法部分,法院實務判決應更清楚明確定性案件以及適用涉外民事法律適用法之依據與理由,俾使涉外民事法律適用法第42條第1項之意義更為明確。競爭法之部分,由於其強行法規之性質,實務皆適用法庭地法,原則上僅就影響國內市場之涉外行為判斷。此外,就我國立法就智慧財產之國際管轄規定付之闕如,應該針對智慧財產之特殊性增加相關規定。 / In cross-border SEP-related cases, courts often face the problems of international jurisdiction and the choice of law. SEP-realted cases often involve issues such as the nature of the F/RAND declarations and the IPR policies of Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs), the formation and the effect of licensing agreements, and violation of competition law, etc. The thesis starts from the examination of Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements in Taiwan. Article 42(1) of the Act should be applied only to the issues related to the content of IP right itself. As for IP infringements and IP-related contracts, the choice of law rules on general infringements and contracts should be applied. Secondly, the thesis further looks into the practice of conflict of law in Japan Korea, PRC, the UK and the US on SEP-related cases, which mostly apply the principle of party autonomy to determine the nature of F/RAND declarations and the nature of SSOs’ IPR policies. As for the competition law argument, based on the mandatory nature of competition law, the court often applied lex fori to the issues. Back to the private international law in Taiwan, the thesis suggests that the court should elaborate more specifically on the process of the court determining the characterization of the case and further deciding the choice of law. Besides, Taiwan should also legislate the law on the international jurisdiction on IP cases.

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