本文首先構建了在完全資訊下的異質分群模型。當玩家可以觀察其他玩家的類型，則均衡必定是非隔離的：大多數玩家將無意移動，這是因為他們的夥伴可以為他們帶來最好的報酬。均衡狀態將會是一個有效率的狀態。     然後，我們構建另一個分組模型:訊息不完全和雙重改變下的分群模型。結果表明，雖然非隔離的均衡有可能是在短期的穩定均衡，但只有隔離的均衡狀態可以在長期維持穩定。這是因為在長期下，大多數非隔離狀態可以輕易地切換到隔離狀態的緣故。 / This paper first constructs a grouping model with heterogeneous population under the setting of complete information. When player can observe other's type, the result isnon-segregation: most players have no intention to move and they can match with the one who brings them the best payoff in the original group. The equilibrium state is always efficient. We then construct another grouping model with incomplete information and double mutation. The result shows that, although non-segregation equilibria may emerge as stable equilibria in the short run, only segregation equilibria can be stochastically stable in the long run. This is because most of non-segregated states can switch to the others by the same re-sistance and some of them can easily switch to segregated state, but it is hard to switch back.

轉換資訊科技基礎設施一如佈建好的房舍遷移重蓋，其涉及的轉換是全面且浩大的工程。在面臨公元二千年危機僅餘兩年的時間，在當時微軟作業平台尚不成熟，國內資訊科技基礎設施轉換成功案例尚不多見，組織內部人員對有關技術一知半解，資訊部門未能有效處理問題等情境下，高階主管採行轉換資訊科技基礎設施策略，將主機移除轉換至區域網路伺服器環境，並重新開發所有應用資訊系統。如此大工程高風險的策略及如此困頓的情境，如何順利進行？ 轉換資訊科技基礎設施涉及組織層面極廣而複雜。包括硬體、軟體、程序、制度、人員等。有關機器設備或可一次更新，惟設置於新機器設備上的核心應用資訊系統，則需逐步開發及調整。有關設備、系統及制度標準，如何與組織需求及業務融合發揮效能，更需人員觀念的轉變與不斷的學習，其所需之時間都不是一朝一夕能見其成效。所以轉換資訊科技基礎設施要看的是它的歷程，由時間的演變可以看出轉換資訊科技基礎設施對組織的影響，也可以看出其互動的關聯性。 本研究採用個案研究法，觀察經濟部國際貿易局這個成功案例如何進行資訊科技基礎設施的轉換。該個案有幾個特徵：一、政府機構；二、面臨內外危機及電子化政府的壓力；三、採行的技術策略，對組織而言是一種全面性、突破性（Radical change）的改變，技術無法累積，必需重新學習。 鑑於轉換資訊科技基礎設施歷程十分冗長而複雜，為能有系統的描繪個案，本文採取一般性研究架構（內容、情境及歷程），並輔以「問題解決」觀點描繪轉換資訊科技基礎設施的歷程。又為能適當控制研究資訊量，本文分三大問題（如何形成策略並開始執行？如何整合資訊並推廣應用？資訊部門與人員如何轉型？），加以描述及分析。 有關歷程的特徵，則引用江志浩（1999）所推導出的組織歷程模式—計畫性模式、適應模式、浮現模式加以檢視。該模式係以「問題解決」的二個元素「設定解決問題的目標」、「進度控制與資源配置」，檢視三種歷程模式的特徵及差異。此外，本文並對問題解決者（高階主管、資訊經理、執行團隊）在此歷程中所扮演之角色及其影響加以探索。 本研究發現，轉換資訊科技基礎設施的歷程無法以單一的歷程模式加以描繪。轉換資訊科技基礎設施的歷程涉及一組相關問題的解決，通常在大眾印象中多只看到硬體設施的建置及導入，極易忽略真正困難的問題在於人員觀念的轉變與不斷的學習。由於這些隱藏的問題，整個歷程會出現一些意想不到的狀況。本研究可作為實務界導入資訊科技基礎設施、組織變革及組織創新的參考；對於涉及長達七年轉換歷程的資料，還可以提供未來學術界研究之基礎。 / Adopting and implementing Information Technology (IT) infrastructure , like the removing already-built premises for reconstruction, involves a comprehensive and massive conversion. Less than two years before the Y2K crisis, when the Microsoft platform had not been fully developed, there were only a few successful cases of domestic IT infrastructure adoption and implementation. Moreover, Internal personnel of organization was not proficient with the related technology, and IT department was not able to effectively handle the issues; however , top management adopted a strategy of IT infrastructure conversion by switching the mainframe to Local Area Network servers and then re-developing all the application information systems. How did they successfully implement this strategy amidst such a massive re-engineering, and with high-risk information technology ? In reality, IT infrastructure adoption and implementation involves extremely broad and complicated levels, including hardware, software, procedures, systems, personnel, and so on. Machines and equipment can be updated at once, but the core application information systems installed on new machines and equipment must be sequentially developed and adjusted. To achieve the desired effects, people especially, need to change their ways of thinking and learn constantly if they want their equipment, systems, and system standards to be aligned with the needs and business goals of the organization. However, results cannot be achieved in a short time. Therefore the IT infrastructure adoption and implementation process needs to be studied longitudinally. With respect to time, we can see the impact of IT infrastructure adaptation on organizational changes and its interactive association. This study uses the case study approach to observe how the Bureau of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan has successfully adopted and implemented IT infrastructure. This case is characterized by the following properties: (1) It is a government organization; (2) It encountered internal and external challenges and pressure to launch an “e-Government;” and (3) It used technological strategies, which are comprehensive and radical changes to organization, so that the technologies involved were unable to be accumulated and needed be relearned. As it is a very long and complicated process to adopt and implement IT infrastructure, this article uses a general research framework (consisting of contents, context, and processes), supplemented by “problem solving”, to systematically describe the IT infrastructure adoption and implementation process. Moreover, with the hope of properly controlling the information for this research, three major issues are described and analyzed: (1) How to formulate and implement strategies; (2) How to integrate and apply information; and (3) How to transform the information system department and its personnel. Additionally, the characteristics of a transformation process can be studied using the organizational process model derived by Chiang Chi-ku (1999), comprising of a planned model, an adaptive model, and an emergent model. This organizational process model studies the properties and differences of these three process models using the two components of “problem solving” —“goal setting for problem solving” and “status control and resource allocation.” Moreover, this article also studies the roles played by the problem solvers (i.e., top management, information manager, and the executive team) in these processes and their effects. According to the findings of this study, the process of adopting and implementing IT infrastructure can’t be described as a single process. Moreover, it involves solutions to a series of related problems. Generally speaking, most people only recognize the construction and implementation of hardware, but easily disregard the real difficulty in personnel’s conceptual change and constant learning. Due to these hidden problems, some unexpected conditions may appear throughout the transformation process. Hence, this research can be taken as a reference for the business sector in adopting and implementing of IT infrastructure, organizational change, and organizational innovation. Moreover, it can also provide the basis for future academic research of the data involving a seven-year-long adaptation process.

動機是成癮行為改變的重要因素，但動機高者並不能保證治療成效，同時強制治療個案即使在進入治療時動機較低，治療成效卻和自願者組沒有差異，顯示強制治療下即使進入治療時其內在動機較低也不影響治療成效。同時文獻亦證實預測成效最一致的因子為停留在治療期間的長短（retention），而預測治療期間的因子為治療投入，所以在治療過程為架構的研究模式下治療投入為影響成效的關鍵因素。雖然多數研究均顯示進入治療時動機對治療投入及治療期間長短有所影響，但是亦有研究認為治療過程相關因素才是影響治療投入及治療期間的關鍵。基於上述藥癮成效與治療過程、個案動機、治療期間的關係，同時考量台灣戒治制度須有替代治療期間的變項，本研究以探討戒治醫療處遇方案為主，了解治療對受戒治人之出所時康復態度的影響，此外基於動機在改變歷程的重要性，本研究分為二個重點：一、探討動機的相關因素，著重探討認知評估對動機的影響。二、釐清個案動機、治療投入及康復態度之關係。 本研究以台灣北區某戒治所受戒治人為研究對象，在受戒治人出所前三個月開始接受戒治醫療處遇為期六週，治療前施測：動機量表、基本資料、物質使用情形、犯罪/前科/服刑情形、康復態度等，治療結束後施測：康復態度、治療回顧、治療投入、對治療者評價等，最後以65位受試者作為本研究樣本進行分析。 研究結果顯示：一、動機相關因素：(1)人口變項、物質使用情形無法有效預測動機變項。(2)認知評估相較於問題嚴重度更能有效預測動機變項。(3)認知評估作為人口變項、物質使用、問題嚴重度(獨變項)及動機變項(依變項)間的中介效果部分獲得支持。(4)心理問題及困擾、家庭問題能夠有效預測動機。二、個案動機、治療投入與康復態度之關係：(1)治療投入僅與康復態度後測正相關顯著，卻未與康復態度前測相關達顯著。(2) 階層迴歸中治療投入能解釋較大的變異，同時治療投入及個案動機中之治療準備性對康復態度的重要性大。(3).動機及治療投入皆能有效預測康復態度，但康復態度不具有中介效果。同時康復態度前後測差異未達統計顯著性。由上述結果來看，認知評估對動機的影響最為重要，並具有中介效果，顯示除了真實藥癮及其相關問題外，認知性內在動機須由高等認知評價歷程相關較高。儘管進入治療動機能影響康復態度，但是治療投入對於治療結束時對出所後運用社區醫療資源意願有較大的預測力。 最後根據研究結果進行對動機及治療投入相關因素進行討論，並建議未來研究方向及矯正機構毒品犯處遇。 / Aim. This study examined the predictors of drug offender motivation and the relationship among motivation, treatment, attitude for recovery. Setting. The data were collected from long-term mandated residential treatment program located in Taiwan Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Northern Center. Participants. A total of 65clients received drug abuse treatment program were studied. Measurement. Pretreatment variables included: socio-demographic indicators, drug use history and dependence criminality, addiction severity index, TCU three –staged-of- motivation（problem recognition, desire for help, treatment readiness）,and attitude for recovery. After treatment variables included: treatment process review, treatment engagement, and attitude for recovery. Results. （1）Cognitive appraisal is the most important predictor of client internal motivation for change.（2）Cognitive appraisal has mediating effect between problem severity and internal motivation.（3）Client motivation（treatment readiness） and treatment engagement are significantly related to attitude for recovery. Treatment engagement is more important than client motivation. The clinical implications and limitation was discussed.

本論文研究渥雷‧索因卡《死亡與國王的侍衛長》一劇，以及本劇對約魯巴（Yoruba）人孤注一擲抵制西化卻徒勞無功的境遇所做的關注。本劇改編真實歷史，重演一九四五年在奈及利亞奧約（Oyo）城發生的動亂。當時應舉行侍衛長（Horseman）自殺儀式，然而英國殖民者以武力中斷。本劇一方面解釋這個儀式在約魯巴社會的重要性，另一方面揭露侍衛長心不甘情不願了結生命，並斷言活人獻祭這類殘忍的傳統必然要革除，特別是在因英國殖民而致的動盪時刻。 / 論文分為四個章節，依據米哈依爾‧巴赫汀（Mikhail Bakhtin）的時空型（chronotope）理論，探究《死亡與國王的侍衛長》其社會歷史背景與戲劇表演手法。第一章介紹作者和劇本，並回顧評論，以及說明接下來討論的議題和理論架構。第二章分析文本與現實世界相互輝映的關係。艾瑞克‧霍布斯邦（Eric Hobsbawm）在〈發明傳統〉（"Inventing Traditions"）的見解用以闡明傳統是因時制宜的產物。比爾‧阿希克洛夫特（Bill Ashcroft）等三人提出的後殖民典型，有助於瞭解約魯巴人為了阻擋外來影響竭力奮戰，儘管殖民政府的干預相當強勢。第三章詮釋劇中人物的性格特徵，以弗朗茲‧法農（Frantz Fanon）告誡不可畫地自限的觀點為鑑。無法順應社會變異因此冥頑不靈的人，失去了看世界的洞察力。而那些猶豫不決者，為了遵從老一套的價值觀，受煎熬得筋疲力盡。第四章總結本文，認為本劇主張靈活性和果斷力以進行改變。 / This thesis studies Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman and its concerns for the Yoruba people's desperate but futile resistance to Westernization. Adapted from a real historical event, this play reenacts the disturbance in the Oyo city of Nigeria in 1945, when the ritual of the Horseman's suicide was interrupted by the British colonial force. While the play explains the importance of the ritual in the Yoruba society, it reveals the Horseman's reluctance to end his life and asserts that cruel tradition like human immolation must be reformed especially at the fluctuating moment caused by the British colonization. / Consisting of four chapters, this thesis relies on Mikhail Bakhtin's chronotope to explore the socio-historical context and theatrical representation of Death and the King's Horseman. Chapter one introduces the dramatist and the play, reviews critical opinions, and illustrates the purpose and theoretical framework of the following discussion. Chapter Two, which analyzes the interrelationship between textual and actual worlds, adopts Eric Hobsbawm's "Inventing Traditions" to clarify tradition as produced according to specific circumstances. The postcolonial models proposed by Ashcroft et al helps understand the Yoruba people's struggle for no foreign impact despite powerful intervention by the colonial government. Chapter Three interprets the roles' characterization with the aid of Frantz Fanon's warning of self-confinement. Unable to adjust to social variances, the obstinate people blind their vision of the world, while those procrastinating become dead exhausted by difficult conformity to old values. Chapter Four concludes that this play argues for resilience and resolution to make difference.

本研究之主要目的在於探討影響主管人員對於360度回饋態度以及行為改變意圖的相關因素，這些因素包括回饋預期一致性、程序公平、組織支持、個人特質（內外控及成就動機）等。 本研究樣本為國內某建築業之主管，其中初階主管23人，中階主管51人，高階主管5人，共計79位主管。研究結果發現，程序公平、組織支持、與360度回饋態度、及行為改變意圖之間皆具有顯著的正相關；內外控與360度回饋態度及行為改變意圖之間皆不具有顯著正相關；成就動機與行為改變意圖之間具有顯著正相關，但與360度回饋態度之間並不具有顯著的正相關。變異數分析結果顯示，不同回饋預期一致性的受評者，其在360度回饋態度方面有顯著差異存在，然而在行為改變意圖上卻並未有顯著差異。此外，逐步迴歸分析結果顯示，以程序公平對於360度回饋態度的解釋變異量為最高（41%），而以360度回饋態度對於行為改變意圖的變異解釋量為最高（21％）。 本研究並進一步指出研究之限制，以及後續研究可以針對影響行為改變之相關因素、與組織文化等議題進行更深入的探討；此外，對於有意推行360度回饋之企業組織，本研究亦提供多項具體實務上的建議。

「社會認同理論」(social identity theory)認為，人們會以所屬團體的身份或屬性來定義自己，是一種對歸屬團體的「團體認同」(group identity)。 所探討的是一個已經隸屬於某個低地位團體的個體，在獲得正向團體認同以維持自尊的動機下，思考使用哪一種提高團體認同的策略。 本研究結合了「計劃行為理論」中有關行為意向的概念，同時也將社會認同理論的應用範圍擴大，由此來了解人們是否會進入一個低地位團體的內在心理歷程，使更能清楚地預測該行為。本研究採情境實驗法，以情境模擬的方式操弄可滲透性、穩定性及能力高低三個獨變項，測量351位受試者對進入低地位團體的態度、主觀規範及知覺對該行為的控制感，再測量行為意向。 結果發現，在可滲透性高及穩定性低兩種狀況下，個體對進入低地位團體的態度較佳，同時知覺對該行為的控制感也較高；穩定性低時，其主觀規範較為正向。而且主觀規範、知覺對行為的控制感可以預測行為意向。 同時，個體在可滲透性高的狀況下會比可滲透性低時要傾向使用個人變動策略，而在穩定性低時會比穩定性高時更會使用社會改變策略。另外，除了實質上的策略之外，個體也會使用心理上的策略來獲得正向的團體認同。本研究也以徑路分析來了解及討論各變項間整體性的關係。

對於一個具有結構性改變性質的非線性時間數列，通常很難判斷何處為轉 捩點，或者何處為所謂的轉型期。雖然長久以來已有不少偵查轉捩點的方 法被提出，但是對於轉捩區間以及對於一些語言性的時間數列資料問題（ 例如：景氣指標的紅綠燈時間數列），都很少被提出來。本論文中，我們 首先引用Zadeh於1965年提出來的模糊理論的觀念來介紹糢糊時間數列（ FTS）。進而定義出在□水準下的模糊點（FP）和模糊轉捩區間（FCP）， 並且證明了一些有用的性質。最後再以台灣地區出生率資料為例，說明□ 水準的模糊轉捩區間的判定方法，並列出了詳細的執行步驟。實驗結果更 證明出我們的模糊檢驗法非常具有實用性及有效性。 / As far as structural change of a non-linear time series is concerned, it is hard to tell when the change point or the fuzzy change period occurs. Though many methods are used for the task of detecting, most of them primarily deal with the case of change point, and few examine the problem of fuzzy change period and linguistic time series ( for example, the index of prosperity represented by red or green light ). In this article, we adopt the theory of fuzzy which is proposed by Zedeh ( 1965 ) to introduce the concept of fuzzy time series ( FTS ). Furthermore, we define the □level of fuzzy point (FP) as well as fuzzy change period (FCP), and prove some useful properties. Finally we explain the method we proposed in detecting the □level of fuzzy change period in terms of the data of Taiwan birth rate and provide step-by-step procedures. Experimental results show that the proposed method of fuzzy detecting is available and practical in detecting the □level of fuzzy change period.

本文研究台灣貨幣需求結構改變，我們研究「變數」值(Piecewise in Variable)的結構轉折而非「時間」值(Piecewise in Time)，因為轉折點只是轉折區間的特例，所以本文建立一「變數模糊時間序列」(Fuzzy Time Series in Variable)模型來探討「變數的轉折區間」，相較於傳統時間序列研究方法如：時間序列模型、門檻轉折點模型與模糊時間序列模型等，本文所建立的變數模糊時間序列模型，所求取的股價轉折區間，不僅可改善對稱模型殘差項的非隨機現象，同時也改善了門檻轉折模型之轉折點股價指數太低的現象，並且有效地將轉折點變更為較一般化的轉折區間，足見本文所提出變數模糊時間序列模型在結構轉折的偵測上具有相對優勢，詳述如下： （一）、相較於對稱模型方面：變數模糊時間序列模型可避免對稱模型估計貨幣需求函數所產生的偏差，並且有效改善其殘差項具有非白噪音現象。 （二）、相較於門檻轉折模型方面：1.變數模糊時間序列模型較能有效驗證以下假說：貨幣需求的股價指數彈性在高股價區時較大，以及貨幣需求的所得彈性在高股價區時較小。2.變數模糊時間序列模型所求出的股價指數轉折區間水準值，對央行目前及未來貨幣政策較具實用性，3. 變數模糊時間序列模型再預測貨幣需求時，未如門檻轉折模型產生高估的偏誤。 （三）、相較於傳統模糊時間序列模型方面：變數模糊時間序列模型已改善傳統模糊時間序列模型的結構轉折區間太長之不合理現象。 （四）、相較於以「時間」為轉折的傳統時間序列模型方面：當貨幣需求函數的重要解釋變數在短時間持續發生較大幅度變化時，傳統時間序列模型可能無法診斷出結構轉變的缺失，本文的變數模糊時間序列模型可避免此一缺失。 （五）、在政策的應用上： 1. 中央銀行若未將資料，區分高低股價指數來分段估計貨幣需求函數，將使貨幣需求的所得彈性抑或是狹義貨幣需求的股價指數彈性的估計，產生頗大的偏誤。 2. 經建會在計算台灣地區的景氣對策信號中，其金融面指標同時包括有M1B貨幣供給的增加率與股價指數變動率，如此將造成在高股價指數下，股價指數上揚時高估了台灣地區的景氣狀況，而在股價指數下降時，則反之。 另外，由於台灣欠缺貨幣需求函數的重要解釋變數「所得」的月資料，以往文獻以工業生產指數等為替代變數以估計月貨幣需求函數，本文不僅證明這些方法的缺失，並提出「模糊距離權數法」來估計出月國內生產毛額資料，此一資料不僅可避免月工業生產指數等方法的三項缺失，而且在貨幣需求的估計上與預測上均有較佳的表現。 / Whether the ”money demand function” makes “structural change” happened or not ,that is crucial research for the monetary theory field. Therefore, many foreign and domestic papers have ever made studies on this. There have two major methods of study structural change. The first method is piecewise in time that is so popular and so many lecture study by it e.g. Juda and Scadding(1982), Shen(1999) ,Lin and Huang(1999),etc . Tsay(1989) had proposed a new methoed that is piecewise in variable . Distinct situation is suitable in using the two methods .We have two reasons to use the new method to study the structural change of Taiwan’s money demand function. First one is that Friedman(1988,Paul（1992）,Wu and Shea（1993）and Shen(1996) find the trade-volume of stock market or stock price are the important factors of money demand function. TSE is 12495 in February of 1990 and 2573 in October of 1990. TSE is changing so huge but all the Papers of piecewise in time can’t detect the structural change of Taiwan money demand. The second reason is that to detect the ” interval of financial variable” of structural change of Taiwan money demand is more benefit to the Central Bank than to detect the ” past time point” of structural change.　To detect the ” interval of financial variable” of structural change of Taiwan money demand is much convenient matters for monetary policy of Center Bank from now and future. Our research propose “fuzzy time series in variable” try to find the ” smoothing interval of financial variable” of structural change of money demand . Our method has two major benefits as follow: 1. Difference to TAR model: The TAR model find out the ” point of financial variable” of structural change. It seems metaphorically money demand function’s structural change suddenly. Our method find out the ” interval of financial variable” of structural change .It’s more reasonable that structural change of money demand function is gradually. 2. Difference to STAR model: So many STAR（Smooth Transition Autoregressive ）papers also find out the Gradual Transition Interval .For example: Terasvirta and Anderson(1992), Sarantis(1999) etc. But those lectures have the following point on why our method can improve it (a).STAR is piecewise in time. (b). STAR investigate structural change by just one variable AR process. But economists concern the structural change of variables. (c). The power of STAR to detect structural change is too weak. 3. We propose new summation average entropy formula that can improve the interval of structural change too longer.

本文以11、12世紀伊斯蘭蘇非大師Ghazzali的靈與心之救贖作為宗教心理學理論探討的典範，主要著眼於他個人在宗教心理的意義中，以虔誠和謙卑體現信仰實踐的重大轉變，除了其本身擁有豐富的知識和深刻的思想，更重要的是，他履行蘇非之道，徹底改變信仰態度，真正捨離世俗，最終獲得靈與心的救贖。在分析和詮釋的理論依據上，本文採用荷蘭宗教心理學家Han F.de Wit結合自己的心理學素養與靈修經驗，在20世紀晚期發展出的一套理論，稱為「靈思心理學」（Contemplative Psychology）。在這套理論中，de Wit呈現宗教的冥思傳統(contemplative tradition)與個人的心理洞見、信念之間的連結，經驗和思想可以相互為用。在他所提出的觀點之中，本文透過如下幾個主張，包括皈依、關鍵時刻、斷裂、危機、懷疑、改變、與捨離，說明Ghazzali如何成就伊斯蘭密契傳統的最高典範，同時也突顯靈思心理學試圖闡釋人類靈與心互相超越，同獲救贖的理想。 / The thesis regarded Ghazzali, the outstanding thinker and great Sufi of Islamic world in the 11th and 12th centuries, as a perfect example, who embodied an inward transformation of religious action with piety and humility. Other than his profound knowledge and thoughts, Ghazzali is also an authority on theology and law of Islam, and furthermore he performed a Muslim’s devotion by proceeding on the path of Sufi. He gave up all his possessions, followed the instructions of Sufism to survive a serious crisis of spirit, and obtained the ultimate salvation of his soul and heart in the end. The theory used in this thesis to analyze and interpret Ghazzali’s spiritual experience is the “contemplative psychology” of Han F.de Wit, who is a religious psychologist of the Netherlands. De Wit spent more than ten years combining his psychological training and spiritual experience to develop the theory in late twentieth century. In this theory he presented the connection between contemplative traditions of many religions and the insights & beliefs within individual mind. Among those concepts stated by de Wit in his theory, the thesis used mainly several of them, such as conversion, moments, break, crisis, doubt, change, and renunciation, etc. Accordingly, Ghazzali could be the most perfect example of the contemplative psychology, when we refer to salvation of both human Soul and Heart.

在我國抑或是世界其他的國家，肥胖的問題日趨嚴重，根據世界衛生組織（World Health Organization， WHO）的研究，2008年全球約有15億以上的超重成年人，其中有2億的男性和將近3億的女性體重已經達到所謂的「肥胖」，另外2010年全世界約有4300萬5歲以下的兒童超重 。綜上所述，肥胖的問題正影響著每一個社會。 肥胖者在日常生活中的食衣住行可能會受到一定的歧視與不便，由於可以討論的範圍過廣，本文僅聚焦在「就業上的肥胖歧視」。為了探討此問題，本文第二章說明何謂就業歧視，闡述肥胖者在就業上可能會面臨的歧視有哪些、主流群體對於肥胖的態度與刻板印象，最後論證國家就業上肥胖歧視的正當性與必要性。 第三章介紹美國法就業上肥胖歧視之解決途徑。在美國關於肥胖者於就業上受到的歧視，可能有三種法律救濟途徑。第一、可以尋找聯邦或是州法律有沒有在保護基於「身心障礙」之就業歧視；第二、他可以思考目前所面臨的「肥胖歧視」，得否繫於其他法律保護的歧視類型，例如：種族或是性別；第三、他可以尋找他所居住的州或是城市是否有針對肥胖歧視的直接立法？本文就美國聯邦與各州禁止身心障礙歧視的相關立法做初步的分析，並且帶出相關之判決；另本文亦分析某些州或城市直接禁止「肥胖歧視」之反歧視法與相關案例分析。 第四章則回到我國，分析我國目前法制關於就業上肥胖歧視之議題該如何處理，主要區分私人企業與國家兩種途徑，私人企業上，我們將著重在《就業服務法》第5條之規範，提出本文對於此條文用以解決肥胖歧視之利與弊；國家方面則從我國公務人員考試涉及BMI值判斷的合憲性。 最後第五章結論的部分，綜合分析美國法制與我國法制之間的異與同，最後提出個人對於此議題之建議，以期達到消弭就業上肥胖歧視之長遠目標。 / Obesity discrimination is a serious problem affecting millions of workers. Fat people, and fat women in particular, experience job-related discrimination in hiring, wages, and the terms and conditions of their employment. Hence, this research focus on the problem of obesity discrimination in employment. Part II defines "what is obesity?",and describes mainstream attitudes towards fatness, considers the empirical and anecdotal evidence demonstrating that fat people experience employment discrimination because of their obesity. Then discusses medical information about weight and health as well as weight loss in order to debunk the myth that being fat is always unhealthy and that weight loss is a viable or desirable outcome, this part concludes that being fat is immutable and deserve legal protection. Part III introduces American legal remedies. In America have three legal avenues to explore. First, someone could pursue an action under federal and state laws that protect people from employment discrimination based on disability or perceived disability. Second, someone could consider whether the weight discrimination he (or she) experienced was tied to him(or her) sex, race, or some other protected class. Finally, someone could determine whether any state or local law where he (or she) lived specifically prohibited weight discrimination in employment , since a few jurisdictions have included weight as protected category in their antidiscrimination laws. This part will discuss federal and state disability antidiscrimination laws and cases, and reviews antidiscrimination law passed by three earlier jurisdictions that specifically include weight as a protected category. Part IV discusses how to solve obesity discrimination in employment? This part separate privately owned businesses and national measure. In privately owned businesses, this part will focus on Employment Service Act Article 5 and analyze how to use Employment Service Act solve obesity discrimination in employment. On the side, this part will discuss on some national examinations have qualification restricted are constitutionally.