當受虐婦女欲尋求協助時，初始多以非正式支持網絡為主要求助管道，其中，家庭支持為最具情感性與義務性之協助。援此，本研究先瞭解臺灣受虐婦女家庭支持的經驗，從而分析影響受虐婦女家庭支持的原因，並以質性研究深入訪談七位受虐婦女，運用復元觀點於此問題向度，研究結果發現如下： 一、依受虐婦女獲得的家庭支持功能類型，整理發現情緒性支持為三種功能類型中最重要的一種；資訊性支持中家人最常以「提供想法與建議」做為支持的方式，顯見婦女需要與信任的支持者討論行動策略；工具性支持則為三種功能型態中，最實質可視的協助。 二、影響家庭支持型態因素，前人研究多以負向特質描述受虐婦女，本研究從微視層面觀點發現除了兩樣被動面特質外，受虐婦女有相當多正向主動面特質；此外，受虐婦女其主要支持者的個人特質，主要為「船錨」的角色，提供婦女一種歸屬感，帶給婦女穩定與安定的力量。中介層面觀點探究家庭系統、家庭互動關係與家庭權力關係，研究發現「長輩」或「手足」為受虐婦女的主要支持者，且手足排行序會影響誰成為婦女的主要家庭支持者。此外，家中掌權者多為主要支持者，其同時會影響其他家庭成員提供支持多寡，及影響受虐婦女因應暴力的態度；在家庭權力關係中：1)「婦女為家庭位階最低者，而支持者為家庭位階最高者」，其之間的權力關係差距最大；2)「同一位階或位階接近者」，因彼此間緊密的親情情感，成為時常頻繁聯繫的家庭成員，因此亦能成為婦女的主要支持者；同時受虐婦女均自覺於原生家庭中的權力位階為最低或者相對較低。鉅視層面探討扭曲與偏頗的價值觀念會負面影響受虐婦女其家人提供支持的意願，且結果發現這些負面影響主要為婆婆的回應方式與想法；正面影響除了有正面加強作用外，亦可能扭轉婦女自身負面的傳統觀念，協助受虐婦女走出暴力情境。 三、本研究依據受虐婦女於復元統合模式之復元指標達成的數量，將受訪者劃分為完全復元型、半復元型與初學型，並發現家庭支持對受虐婦女正面影響的主要效應，為促使受虐婦女前往復元道路邁進的動力因子；同時具有舒緩受虐婦女生活壓力之負面排除的緩衝效應。 本研究深入探討臺灣受虐婦女家庭支持之功能、影響家庭支持的因素，及家庭支持促進復元的作用機制。結果顯示家庭支持的作用對於受虐婦女而言，是能夠促使其復元的重要力量之一，研究成果能夠對目前協助受虐婦女復元的工作提供參考依據，以作為臺灣受虐婦女復元之本土經驗參考。 / When abused women seek help, the main way is informal support network at first, in the meanwhile, the family support is the most emotional and responsible support. Therefore, this study discussed the experience of abused women obtained the family support in Taiwan and analyzed the causes of the influence on the family support for abused women. This study adopted Nature research to in-depth interview seven abused women and then used Recovery to analyze the problems. The research results were shown as follow. 1. According to the result in this study, the emotional support is the most important among three types of the function of the family support. In the information support, the family often adopt “providing ideas and suggestions” as supports for abused women. This indicates that abused women need to discuss the action strategies with reliance supporters. The instrumental support is the most substantial and visible support among all types of the function. 2. When discussing the causes of influence of the family support states, many researchers described the situation of abused women based on negative traits. In this study, the results on the micro-level showed that abused women had not only two passive traits but also many positive traits. Besides, the main supporter of abused women played a role as “anchor”, and he/she provided the sense of belonging to abused women for the stable and peace power. On the meso-level, this study discussed the family system, family interaction and familial power relations. The results indicated that “elder” or “sibling” would be the main supporter, and “birth order” would affect the person becoming abused women’s main supporter. In addition, the power holders in a family were mostly the main supporters; moreover, they would have an influence on the support from other family members and the attitude of abused women to cope with the violence. For familial power relations: 1) “Abused women were the lowest family hierarchy; the supporters were the highest family hierarchy”. The difference of the power relation between these two hierarchies was largest. 2) “Abused women and the supporters were the same or close family hierarchy”. Because of the close kinship between them and the frequently contacting to each other, the supporters would also be the main supporters. Furthermore, abused women became conscious that their family hierarchies were the lowest or the lower hierarchy in the original family. On the macro-level, this study discussed that the distorted and biased values would be the negative influence on that if the family were willing to provide support. The results indicated that the negative influences were mostly obtained from the mother-in-law’s responses and thoughts. The positive influence would be positive reinforcement effect and could reverse the negative and traditional concepts of the abused women, and it would help abused women to leave violence situations. 3. According to the recovery target of the Unity Model of Recovery which abused women achieved, the respondents were divided into full-recovery, semi-recovery and novitiate recovery. The results indicated that the main effect of the positive influence from the family support to abused women was the power factor to promote abused women toward the recovery. The positive influence could also mitigate abused women’s life stress and be the buffer effect to obviate the negatives. This study deeply discussed the function of the family support for abused women, the causes of the influence on the family support and the mechanism for the family support promoting abused women to the recovery. The results showed that the family support was the important power for abused women to recovery. The contributions of this study are to provide the conference for the recovery work of abused women and the local experiences of the recovery of abused women in Taiwan.

本研究旨在使用分析階層程序法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）依據我國官方犯罪統計數字，採取Sellin-Wolfgang index的犯罪嚴重性建構模式，建構我國暴力犯罪嚴重性指標及其權重體系，並進一步探討背景變項對犯罪嚴重性權重給分一致性的差異。本研究第一階段之「暴力犯罪嚴重性可用指標之調查」共選取五類人員進行調查，包括：1.大學教授、2.警政人員、3.調查人員、4.司法人員（只包括法官或檢察官）、5.中學校長老師，總共樣本數24人；第二階段之「暴力犯罪嚴重性指標及權重體系之建構」，共選取包括1.學者專家、2.法官、3.警政調查人員、4.家庭主婦、5.大學生6.中學校長、老師、7.監獄受刑人等七大類，有效樣本357份。 本研究發現： 1. 與「人身攻擊」相關的暴力犯罪指標權重較為嚴重，第一階層指標的排序及其權重值依次為故意殺人罪（47.3%）、擄人勒贖罪（18.9%）、故意傷害罪（13.7%）、強盜罪（12.3%）及搶奪罪（7.8%）。 2. 由「犯罪使用工具」之給分分析，民眾認為「使用槍枝」犯罪是最嚴重的罪行，其次為刀械鐵器，徒手犯罪一般認為罪行較輕微。 3. 由「犯罪發生地點」之給分分析，整體排序前五名分別為「使用槍枝在市街商店殺人」（排序1）、「使用槍枝在住宅殺人」（排序2）、「使用刀械鐵器在市街商店殺人」（排序3）、「使用槍枝在市街商店擄人勒贖」（排序4）、「使用槍枝在特定營業場所殺人」（排序5），顯示出一般民眾認為使用槍枝在市街商店或是住宅做人身攻擊（含殺害及傷害）之犯罪罪行較為嚴重。 4. 除了「性別」一項外，其餘對於第一階層五項暴力犯罪指標權重分配及排序的一致性分析均相當一致，而考慮到第二階層「犯罪使用工具」及第三階層「犯罪發生地點」的情況下也相當一致，顯示不同社經地位填答者對於暴力犯罪嚴重性的認知，大體而言相當一致。 本研究也針對AHP實作結果作說明，並提出後續研究之建議。 / The purpose of this study was to utilize (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP). According to the official criminal statistics in Taiwan, it was used crime serious structure model of Sellin-Wolfgang index to establish Taiwan "Violent Crime Serious Index and Weight System".In addition, this study was to discuss the differences between variances and "crime serious weight" scores. At the first phase, "the Investigation of Violent Crime Serious Index" was used in this study.　The subjects were classified into five different categories including: 1. University professors; 2. Police officers; 3. Investigators; 4. Judicial officers (only Judges or Prosecutor); 5. High school principals and teachers. The totally sample was twenty-four subjects (N= 24).　At the second phase, "the Structure of Violent Crime Serious Index and Weight System" was selected. The subjects were classified into seven different categories including: 1. Scholars and Specialists; 2. Judges; 3. Police officers and Investigators; 4. House keepers; 5. Undergraduate students; 6. High school principals and teachers; 7. Prisoners.　The sample included three hundred and fifty seven subjects (N= 357). The following findings were presented for this study: 1. In relating to "Body Attack" is more serious in violent crime index and weight. The following rank and weight value in the first hierarchy index were Homicide (47.3%), Kidnapping (18.9%), Bodily Harm (13.7%), Robbery (12.3%), and Forceful (7.8%). 2. Based on the analysis of "tools for criminal use", the subjects think "use of guns" is the most serious crime. Then, "use of knives and ironware" is the second serious crime.　The generality of subjects think "using bare hands" is the slight crime. 3. Based on the analysis of "criminal scenes", the following five criminal scenes were "killing people in streets and stores by guns" (Rank 1); "killing people in resident places by guns" (Rank 2); "killing people in streets and stores by knives and ironware" (Rank 3); "kidnapping people in streets and stores by guns" (Rank 4); and "killing people in specific business places by guns" (Rank 5). The results of this study indicated the generality of subjects think homicide in streets, stores, resident places, and specific business places by guns is the most serious crime. 4. Beside "sex", the other items were consistent in the five violent crime index and weight distributions and ranks of the first hierarchy.　Furthermore, the considerations of "tools for criminal use" in the second hierarchy and "criminal scenes" in the third hierarchy were also consistency.　The results of this study indicated the perception of violent crime serious is quietly consistent no matter in what social status. According to the findings from AHP, this study had deliberate explanations. On the other hand, this study provided several recommendations for further study.

華語由中國大陸引入台灣數十年後，因為政治上的阻隔、語言接觸的影響和語言實踐的結果，已經產生了顯著的變化。在發音、詞彙和語法等各個層面上，無論和引入台灣之前於中國大陸訂定的「標準國語」或是中國現行的「普通話」相比，都具有明顯的差異，語言學界將目前台灣通行的華語稱為「台灣華語」（Taiwan Mandarin） 「台灣華語」這一華語的變體是絕大多數台灣人日常生活時所採用的語言，作為華語中獨立的分支也是語言學界公認的事實，然而台灣的華語教學界鮮少將「台灣華語」的發音視為學習標的。華語教師教學時所使用的語言和台灣人民日常使用的語言存在顯著斷裂。 本研究檢視華語從一方之言到演變到「國語」的建構歷程以及華語在台灣的發展史，發現華語在台灣的發展和民族主義與國族認同的建構具有密切的關連。在回顧相關文獻與制度規章並佐以與現任華語教師的訪談結果後，發現台灣的對外華語教學界也普遍受到這種影響。教學的內容除了語言教學的專業考量外，尙存在著以往以獨尊華語、壓迫台灣其它語言的觀念及做法，認為「台灣華語」乃受「方言」污染而不純淨的語言，並以「華語」發源地的北京口音為嚮往對象。 最後，本研究從大眾傳媒的角度切入，探討「台灣華語」的最大公約數。認為「台灣華語」中許多成份已趨穩固，為絕大多數的台灣人所接受，也對全世界的華語人口具有相當的影響力。「台灣華語」的發音和繁體字、台灣式的辭彙與注音符號一樣應可視為「台灣華語」的重要成份，而能夠進入教學殿堂，作為外籍學生學習的對象。 / This study discusses the role of 'Taiwan Mandarin' in the field of teaching Mandarin as a second language. Results of the study indicate that Taiwan Mandarin is commonly disregarded, due to its association with other Taiwanese languages and the method in which it was introduced to the Taiwanese community. Decades after its introduction to Taiwan, Mandarin has evolved as a result of political and geographical separation from its origin in China, language contact, and local usage. This new variant, known as ‘Taiwan Mandarin’, has marked differences in terms of phonology, lexicon and syntax, and is viewed as a independent variant, different from ‘Guoyu’ or 'Putonghua' by many linguists. Although Taiwan Mandarin is, in practice, the most commonly used language by the Taiwanese people, it has been rejected by many language teachers and those who compile teaching materials for foreign learners. Language teachers are expected to teach an accent that is different from that of most Taiwan Mandarin speakers. This study investigates the standardization of modern Mandarin, and how it has developed in Taiwan. It shows that the enforcement of Chinese nationalism and identity is closely related to the popularaization of Mandarin in Taiwan. After reviewing related studies, regulation of teaching proficiency tests, and interviewing language teachers, it has been demonstrated that Chinese nationalism has also influenced the teaching of Mandarin as a second language in Taiwan. Taiwanese Mandarin phonology is commonly associated with the result contaminated by other Taiwanese languages such as Holo and Hakka by language teachers, and hence only the Beijing dialect is considered standard and desirable. Based on the findings of previous studies and interviews, this study suggests that the commonly accepted Taiwan Mandarin phonology can be gained through the language used in Taiwanese media, due to its steadiness and popular standing amongst Mandarin speakers world wide. Its unique phonology should be considered an important feature of Taiwan Mandarin, along with traditional characters, Taiwanese lexicon and phonetic symbols (注音符號), and it should be accepted in teaching methodology.

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

對於社工,一般大眾的瞭解不深,常伴隨著「做好事」、「幫助窮人」、「有愛 心」等刻板印象;或是負面的「拆散家庭」、「多管閒事」、「官僚」;甚至有許多 人以為社工就是志工,是不支薪而樂於付出的一群。創作者自幼長期接觸社工與 其工作環境,盼透過影像創作方式,呈現台灣社工所面臨的某些現實。 《標準量表》從一兒虐案出發,以類紀錄片的方式帶出相關人事物,討論案 中每個角色所面臨的困難與心理衝擊,以及案發後所有人如何適應、回歸、繼續 生活。特別將視角集中在負責本案的基層社工,以她為敘事中心,講述一個社工 與家暴家庭的互動故事,呈現社工在個案服務工作中的心情轉折,讓觀眾有機會 認識這些心理負擔與壓力。並期待透過本片,建構一個兩難的世界,畢竟真實社 會中的習題,往往不是結束在一個定點,而是事情發生後,人們怎麼繼續走下去。 / We don’t know much about social workers, who sometimes been thought of “doing things good”, “helping the poor”, “kind and compassionate”; or accompanied with some negative thought, “destroy families”, “make uncalled-for meddling”, and “officialdom”. Even some people think social workers are volunteers, who are happy and willing to help people without salary. The writer of this story has contacted with social workers since she was a child and tries to show some reality of them by visual productions. Standard Scale of Humanity is a story of a basic level social worker and a child-abused family, and produced by skills of mockumentary. The film lets every character in the case talks about her stories, feelings, and how to back to the normal life after the tragedy, so the audiences have chances to know more about the pressure, load, and difficulties of social workers and offenders. Moreover, the production hopes to create a situation of dilemma, because things not always stop at a particular point in the real world, after all, it is more important to know how to live after something bad happened.

一個國家發生大規模國家暴力之後，檢討相關人員的責任，向來是重要的轉型正義議題，可是這個議題在台灣因為多種原因，長期被忽略。長達三十八年的戒嚴期間，上萬人因叛亂、匪諜嫌疑被捕、遭判重刑，至少八百人失去生命。在這種官僚式壓迫的體系中，檢討相關人員責任前，須先了解當初他們在暴力行動的參與中如何做出決定。本文藉由判決書檔案，探索並評析軍事法官如何針對政治案件進行判案，並且將人民判處死刑。從中發現幾項事實，可供未來檢討這些法官刑事與道德責任之基礎。法官的判決與論述中，除了曾經出現違法的情形外，亦不乏相同犯罪事實，判決標準不一致，以及違反人權精神等例證。另一方面，確實也曾經出現較為人道的判決。這些事實顯示當時法官擁有裁量權，選擇空間是存在無疑的。從而，部分選擇剝奪人民生命的法官，可能面臨道德上更大的非難。 / As massive state violence subsides, the issue of holding those who carried out such violence into account has always been an important concern. Yet due to numerous reasons, such issue has been long ignored in Taiwan. During the 38-year-long martial law period, tens of thousands of citizens were arrested and severely condemned on charges of subversion or espionage. In such bureaucratic oppressive regime, the decision-making process should be studied prior to the discussion of responsibility. By studying the verdicts, this thesis focuses on exploring and analyzing how death sentences were made by military judges. The results show that not only illegal verdicts have ever occurred, but also the inconsistencies between verdicts with similar criminal facts, as well as examples in violation of human rights spirit. On the other hand, there were indeed some cases where the judges ruled more humanely. In all, these facts demonstrate that the judges did have powers of dicretion, and room for choice undoubtedly existed. Hence, the acts of certain judges, who under the same circumstances chose nevertheless to deprive lives of certain citizens, may seem to be more morally reproachable.

「未成年子女會面交往服務」乃是透過社工人員協助，在確保安全之前提下提供高衝突家庭親子會面。本研究旨探討家暴相對人進入未成年子女會面交往服務後，接受服務的經驗及改變內涵，並分析其中影響相對人改變之因素。本研究運用質性研究深度訪談法，採用半結構式訪談大綱，訪談了五位參與服務之家暴相對人及四位社工。運用主題分析法進行資料之分析，研究結果如下： 1.接受服務之經驗：相對人明確指出了會面服務的助益及社工協助的重要性，正向經驗的累積成為循環；負向經驗來自會面中的挫折，也看見相對人面對家暴指控及社工預設立場的掙扎與無奈。 2.家暴相對人的改變內涵：相對人自述的改變包含人際互動、復原力、自我成長及親子互動的提升；社工則觀察到親子關係提升、與同住方關係提昇、專業關係提昇、自我成長等改變內涵。子女和同住方也因會面而受益。 3.影響改變之因素：影響因素可分為兩大類：促進改變與阻礙改變。分析相對人訪談資料，促進因素為社工專業關係及維繫親情的動力；阻礙因素為聚焦於衝突及怨懟、父母雙方衝突及司法訴訟。社工則認為促進因素為社工專業關係、維繫親情的動力、相對人狀態的改變及支持資源；阻礙因素為過度聚焦於負面想法、同住方的阻礙、司法訴訟及自身侷限。 研究結果證實會面服務有助於相對人同理心及親子關係的促進且利於復原力的發展，形成正向循環。維繫親情的情感連結及身為父母的責任感是激發改變的基礎，社工的工作技巧運用在改變過程中佔有一定的影響力。過度聚焦於衝突及怨懟則阻礙改變動力的形成。最後，研究者依據本研究之結果提出實務與政策上之建議。 / The Supervised Visitation Program (SVP) provides parent-child meetings for high-conflict families with social workers’ help to ensure safety on the premises. This study addressed batterers’ experiences with SVP services and the changes they experienced because of the SVP services through an analysis of the factors that influenced those changes. In-depth qualitative interviews with five batterers and four social workers involved in SVP were conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule. This study analyzed the interview data in a thematic analysis. The research findings are summarized as follows. 1.Experiences receiving the SVP services. The batterers explicitly pointed out the helpfulness of the SVP services and the importance of the social workers’ assistance. Positive experiences were cyclically accumulated. The negative experiences were accumulated from the sense of frustration present during the meetings and their psychological struggles and helplessness related to the accusations of domestic violence and the perspectives and opinions of the social workers. 2.Changes experienced by the batterers: The batterers stated that the changes they experienced included improved interpersonal interactions, ability to recuperate, personal growth, and parent-child interactions. The changes observed by the social workers included the batterers’ personal growth and improvements in parent-child relationships, relationship with roommates, and professional relationships. The batterers’ children and roommates also benefited from the SVP. 3.Factors that influenced the changes: The influencing factors were classified as promotive factors or obstructive factors. The analysis of the batterer interview data found that the promotive factors included the social workers’ professionalism and motivational influences on maintaining family affections. The obstructive factors included overemphasis on conflicts and resentments, inter-parental conflicts, and judicial litigations. In the social workers’ opinions, the promotive factors included the social workers’ professionalism, their motivational influences on maintaining family affections, changes to the batterers’ states, and their supportive resources; the obstructive factors included excessive negativity, obstructions by roommates, judicial litigations, and the batterers’ personal limitations. The results found that SVP was beneficial for promoting the batterers’ sense of empathy, parent-child relationships, and for developing the ability to recuperate, thus creating a positive cycle. Family affections and a sense of parental responsibility were the basis of stimulating the batterers’ changes, and the social workers’ professional expertise exerted an influence on the process of the changes. In contrast, overemphasis on conflicts and resentments obstructed the formation of motivational influences for change. Suggestions for practice and policy are presented based on the study’s results.

依家庭暴力防治法規定，家庭內殺人案件不論是因為不堪家庭暴力殺夫，或是出於忌妒憤而殺妻，抑或是不滿叨唸而砍殺父母，不僅係為家庭暴力事件，亦屬發生於家庭成員間最嚴重之暴力犯罪事件。在家庭暴力事件層面，不乏從家庭暴力加害人、被害人或兩造互動關係等觀點，探討家庭暴力加害人實施或家庭暴力被害人身處家庭暴力環境之原因，然以家庭暴力刑事案件層面，則聚焦於刑事司法如何評價犯罪行為人殺害家庭成員之行為，特別是兩造間具有親屬關係、犯罪動機與被害人之行為具有密切關連，或是犯罪行為人犯罪行為時受有被害人挑撥或刺激等。 惟據衛生福利部針對家庭暴力事件通報總數，法務部對於家庭暴力刑事案件新收案件、起訴率之計算，以及司法院關於家庭暴力刑事案件裁判結果等統計數據，尚無法有助於掌握我國家庭內殺人案件發生情形或犯罪情狀，是本文透過整理我國90年至104年之實務判決，以發現我國家庭內故意殺人案件之被害人參與或促發的成分，透過整理歸納家庭內殺人案件存在之被害人刺激因素之行為型態，分析現行法院面對或評價犯罪行為中之被害人刺激因素有待檢討或釐清之處，進而借鏡外國立法例關於被害人激怒抗辯規定、學說文獻對於被害人激怒抗辯部分免責理論基礎之探討，輔以外國法實務判決適用被害人激怒抗辯情形之觀察，以求立證家庭內殺人案件中關於被害人刺激因素應有利於犯罪行為人量刑。 / According to the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, the domestic murder cases, whether or not because of unacceptable domestic violence or jealousy to kill his or her spouse, or dissatisfaction with the slaughter of parents, not only for domestic violence, also occurred in the most serious violent crime among family members. Aspect of domestic violence, many scholar pay attention about the injurers of domestic violence, or the victims of domestic violence, or the interaction of the injurers and victims of domestic violence. On the other hands, the criminal justice system concerned about the behavior of defendants who kill family members, especially those who have a kinship relationship, the motive of the crime is closely related to the victim's behavior, or the defendants provoked or stimulated by the victims. Based on Government agencies publish statistical data, it still can not help master about domstic homicide cases or crime situation in our country. In order to find the factors of victims in sentence, so that we try to search the judgment of domstic homicide cases upon 1991 to 2015, and figure out the short of these judgment about the evaluation of the victims’ behavior. Further more, through the foreign legislation on the defense of provocation, and the theory about the reason of the excuse of partial defense, and the application of the defense of provocation,it could be proved that the defense of provocation from victims in domestic homicide cases should be conducive to defendants’sentencing.

本研究以美國心理學會（APA）暴力預防處與美國幼兒教育協會所共同發展的ACT親職教育方案（Adults and Children Together- Raising Safe Kids Program）為範本，將一個在美國與世界各地發展將近15年的方案首度引進臺灣並應用於臺灣的家庭中，期待能夠藉由這一套社會認知取向的預防性介入「ACT親職教育方案」來增進父母的親職教養態度與知識，降低父母親的親職壓力，並進一步了解親職壓力與兒童行為問題的關聯性。 研究參與者為30位育有0-12歲孩子的父母，其中15位家長接受為期8週的ACT親職教育團體作為實驗處理，另外15位家長則未接受任何處理，有效樣本共23位，實驗組家長12位，對照組家長11位。本研究採用親職壓力量表簡式版與兒童行為檢核表實施前、後測，並針對實驗組實施三個月後的追蹤測量並輔以質性問卷蒐集更完整的資料。 本研究採用無母數統計法Wilcoxon等級檢定與Mann-Whitney U檢定，檢驗親職壓力感受在前測、後測及追蹤測量之間的差異，另以Spearman相關分析檢視親職壓力與兒童行為問題之間的關聯性。研究結果顯示，ACT親職教育為實驗組家長帶來正向的影響發生在三個月後的追蹤測量，特別是在「困難兒童分量表」的親職壓力上有顯著的改善，且親職壓力總分與兒童行為整體問題呈現高度正相關。 / This study investigated whether the ACTdults and Children Together: Raising Safe Kids (ACT-Rprogram causes effects on reducing parenting stress and examined the correlation between parenting stress and child behavioral problems. The ACT program, developed by American Psychological Association in collaboration with the National Association for the Education of Young Children, is a child maltreatment prevention program for parents of young children. Twenty-three parents having children aged 0-12 completed the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Twelve of these parents took part in eight-week ACT-RSK program and learned effective parenting including child development, anger management, social problem-solving skills, non-violent discipline and effects of violent media on children. The remaining eleven parents were placed on the wait listreceived treatment as usual. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to respectively compare the intra-group data and inter-group data. Results indicated a positive impact especially on the difficult child subscale of parenting stress during three-month follow-up. Qualitative data collected through open questions in three-month follow-up questionnaire also demonstrated that parents perceived numerous benefits to the ACT-RSK program and felt less stress in the area of parent-child interaction.

台灣解嚴之後，社會運動團體除了抗爭行動外，漸漸以體制內的修訂法律為主要手段。婦女運動團體也不例外。婦運團體推動的婦女法案，立法過程大部分都需要花很長一段時間和政府機關周旋。家庭暴力防治法則是一個特殊的例子，因為它在立法院裡，從提案到通過只花費一年多的時間，而且相關行政單位並沒有提出相對版本一起競逐。 筆者從歷史制度主義切入，觀察家庭暴力防治法（包含其前身―婚姻暴力防治法）的立法過程。最開始婚姻暴力議題因為鄧如雯殺夫案而受到注目；之後婦女新知基金會接受內政部補助，著手研究婚姻暴力，但研究報告出來後卻完全停擺；半年後現代婦女基金會以高鳳仙法官翻譯的美國模範家庭暴力法為藍本，擬定家庭暴力防治法草案；最後家暴法在立法院內經過數次政黨協商後，三讀通過。這中間的四年，對於婚姻暴力議題的宣導而言，因為受制於新聞熱潮的快速消退，整個政治環境被修憲、選舉、反核四等議題綁住，以及傳統家庭倫理和兩性相處觀念，所以受到的注視和討論有限。法案擬定方面，則因為有大環境有彭婉如案和白曉燕案的刺激，國際社會的風潮，制度上則有趨於健全的政黨協商機制和現代婦女基金會的董事長潘維剛佔有有利的政治地位（即身為執政黨資深立委，政府單位願意與其合作），加上推法策略上刻意隱藏性別問題，因此法案可以快速通過。 本研究發現，整個家暴法的立法過程，因為整個社會環境對法案擬定的刺激，強於政治環境的影響，制度上有政黨協商機制可以暫時調解警察和司法兩機關的權力鬥爭，策略上避開父權體制忌諱的性別意識，因此家暴法才能夠異於其他婦女法案，在立法院內順利審查、快速通過。