「男大當婚，女大當嫁」的傳統婚姻規範漸漸凋零，從過去普遍成婚的形態轉變為遲婚、甚至不婚。1970年代以降，隨著教育機會的開放與普及，女性的教育程度持續地上升，衝擊「男主外，女主內」的性別角色分工形式，越來越多女性在職場上嶄露頭角，晚婚漸漸成為普遍的現象。 　　 　　面對1970年代以降，教育急速地擴張，婚姻的時程是否有了重大的改變？不同的教育歷程是否影響其結婚的可能性？為了瞭解這些提問，本研究扣緊年齡之社會規範壓力，欲探求女性不同教育程度之初婚時程，並探討各初婚年齡模式，研究選用Hernes提出之初婚年齡函數，運用人力資源調查之資料推估出各教育程度之分配形式，以描繪教育擴張對婚姻時程帶來的影響。 　　研究結果發現，第一，女性單身的比例越來越高，尤以高教育程度增加幅度最大，初婚年齡也隨世代推移越來越高；第二， 1950-1970世代女性初婚平均年齡逐漸增長外，變異也更大；第三，女性高等教育遲婚影響到整體初婚年齡的上昇，即使其他教育別初婚年齡有下降的趨勢，仍難以阻擋平均初婚年齡上的趨勢；第四，女性國中以下教育程度早婚的趨勢越來越明顯；第五，各教育程度之模式分配形狀越趨類似，到了後期僅有時間遞延的差異；第六，女性人口完成結婚年齡有三個不同趨勢的發展，高教育組（專科及大學）有晚婚的現象，完成結婚年齡越來越高，而高中、職則呈現持平的現象，國中教育程度有早婚的現象。

在傳統的企業思維中，價值乃是由企業創造的，由企業單獨決定其產品和服務提供什麼價值，消費者僅僅代表對公司產品的需求；但隨著產業環境的發展，尤其是網路經濟時代的來臨，生產者與消費者之間的界限開始模糊。而在過去資訊單向流通的網路世界中，人們在網路上代表的僅僅是一個創造流量的虛擬人物，但隨著資訊科技的進步，網路技術的發展，人們在網際網路中開始彼此協作，發揮集體智慧向全世界發聲；在這樣的發展情況下造就了Web2.0名詞的誕生。 根據台灣網路資訊中心所公佈的2007年一月「台灣寬頻網路使用調查」報告顯示，台灣目前的網路普及率已達到67.77%，全世界的上網人口也已經超過了4億5千萬人；而在2006年第一季，美國Web2.0相關廠商即獲得8億7000萬美元的創投資金，在這樣的熱潮中，有許許多多創業者爭相投入網路市場當中。因此本研究目的在於窺探台灣的 Web 2.0 網站如何進行事業模式創新，讓目前仍停留在Web 1.0時代的網站業者，或是目前欲投入網路產業的創業家瞭解Web2.0網站的成功之道。本研究首先整理學者、網路趨勢家們對於Web2.0概念的討論與分析，歸納出Web2.0之定義；並以Hamel（2000）所提出的事業觀念創新為基礎，並結合Prahalad & Ramswamy（2003）共創價值理論與Brush, Greene, Hart & Edelman（1997）所提出之新創事業資本架構，建構出本研究的研究架構，並以網站內容由使用者提供的Web2.0網站為研究標的，深入探索其創新概念之形成、創業歷程，以及其如何進行與顧客共創價值之事業模式創新。 本研究之發現顯示，網站內容由使用者提供之Web2.0網站，其創新概念的生成並非單純來自創業者本身，而是由下而上，且參與創新之來源相當廣泛；Web2.0網站的核心策略會依創業者本身是否為領先使用者而有所不同，且其目標市場的策略乃是由利基市場進行擴散，最終以大眾市場為目標；另外，這些網站發展初期的策略性資產並非是關鍵，但隨著網站的成長，策略性資產則直接影響核心策略的建構與執行；而Web2.0網站亦在平台中提供與顧客共創價值之顧客介面，並且透過內容提供、互補性功能之建構、價值交換與其他結盟等四種關係建立其價值網路。 / In the past business mindset, people think that the value was created by enterprises. Enterprises decide what value their products and services provide, and the consumer only means the demand of their product. With the industry environment changes and the internet economics’ coming, the boundary between producer and consumer is getting more and more indistinct. This kind of situation also takes place in the internet. The website only provides the information with their desires and the users for the website are just the flow creator. As the progress of the information technology and the internet technology, people are getting to cooperate by their collective intelligence through the internet. And the phrases“Web2.0”is born to represent this new internet development. According to the research of July 2007 Taiwan broadband transmission investigated by TWNIC, the internet popularity rate of Taiwan has reached 67.77%, and there are more than 450 million network users around the world. In this kind of trend, the Web2.0 companies in the US has received $ 870 million from venture capitalists, and under the trend, plenty of start-up companies has devoted themselves in the business. So this study’s objective is to give a preliminary study on how the Web2.0 websites in Taiwan construct the innovative business model, and to let the new followers or the old Web1.0 websites know how to succeed in this competitive market. This study will focus on the aggregator type Web2.0 website, research how the innovative concept come into being, start-up history, and how they create the business model of the value co-create with customer. At the beginning, this study will generalize the definition of the Web2.0 in this study by reviewing discusses and analyses which were proposed by scholars and internet trend observers, and then propose the research construct base on the business concept innovation (Hamel, 2000), value co-creation theory (Prahalad & Ramswamy, 2003), and the start-up capital construction. After the case study and research, there are five research results: 1.The aggregator web2.0 website’s innovative concept is not only come from entrepreneur but also the website users. And there are many people participate the concept create process. 2.The aggregator web2.0 website’s core strategies will depend on if the entrepreneur is the lead user. Their target market strategy is to focus on one single niche market at the beginning, then extend to other niche market, and finally aim at mass market. 3.The strategic assets for the aggregator web2.0 website are not the key component. But with the website’s growth, the strategic assets will affect the core strategies’ construction and implementation. 4.The aggregator web2.0 website provides the value co-creation designed customer interface on its platform. 5.The aggregator web2.0 website builds their value network by content construction, complementary functions construction, value exchange and other alliances.

本研究以立法院委員會召集委員的權力行使為研究主軸，主要探討在委員會議中，召集委員擔任會議主席所展現的權力行使行為，以及影響其行為的各項因素。首先針對影響召集委員權力行使的各項因素進行t檢定、變異數分析以及多重比較，檢視性別相關及非性別相關因素與召委權力行使行為的關係，以了解影響召委權力行使的重要因素。接著利用立法院公報對召委權力行使行為做文本分析，再針對影響召委權力行使的兩大類因素對合併後的依變數(召委的權力行使模式分數)做多元直線迴歸分析之普通最小平方法(OLS)分析，藉由模型的建立來加以檢證並估計各個變數對於召委權力行使模式的影響程度。 研究結果發現法案來源、委員會性別比例、召委對法案的態度、法案性質及組織文化這五個變數對於召委的權力行使有影響，說明了影響召委權力行使模式的因素除了來自於性別相關因素，也受到組織環境因素的影響，其中又以法案性質因素和組織環境因素為最重要，顯示召委的權力行使模式已經跳脫過去強調生理性別的刻板印象，而取決於條件式的因素，尤其是和性別有關的變數，更是扮演著重要的角色。

本研究透過逆向物流文獻的整理及個案訪談分析針對企業逆向物流運作在企業國際化發展過程中不同時期的發展進行探討，了解逆向物流在個案公司國際化發展歷程不同的階段當中，不同逆向物流維修模式如何演進的過程，企業如何採行不同的組織方式來進行不同的服務模式。根據訪談結果顯示，企業發展逆向物流的階段主要可以依據國際化發展程度區分為四個時期：草創期、成長期、穩定期、精進期，國際化發展程度隨其市場廣度增加而提升。逆向物流維修模式也隨著在工廠內維修到客戶端維修及區域據點設立、到國家層級服務中心設定、以至於全球服務據點運籌布局。從個案公司發展逆向物流的歷程可以歸納出以下幾點發現： 1.資源投入的數量在不同時期皆為影響逆向物流維修模式的重要因素。 2.不同時期發展逆向物流的動機與目標有所不同，皆會影響逆向物流維修模式。 3.隨著企業的國際化發展程度提高，從事逆向物流所需的能力，影響服務模式的重要性逐漸提高，除了基本的維修能力之外，更強調全球運籌及跨國管理的能力。 4.當企業發展到國際化程度非常高時，運用區位優勢來設計維修服務模式將顯得非常重要。 5.逆向物流維修模式的發展随著國際化程度提高，在組織內部有化被動為主動的趨勢，其功能的獨立性也逐漸提升。 綜合以上，企業可以評估自身條件包括規模大小、資源多寡、能力優劣程度、市場的國際化程度以及所面臨的競爭環境，來選擇適當的逆向物流維修模式。在不同階段選擇合適的服務模式將有助於業務的成長甚至建立企業的競爭優勢。 / This research discusses how a firm developed its reverse logistics repair services model in different stage of internationalization. Through in-depth interview, we can understand the evolution of a firm’s reverse logistics repair service model and how they adopt different organization structure to deal with different service model. According to the result of the interview, the process of a firm’s reverse logistics development can be divided into four stages including early stage, growth stage, stable stage, and progress stage according to its degree of internationalization which is measured by the firm’s market scope. Corresponding with different stages, there are four types of reverse logistics repair services models. With the first one, the firm retained most operation in its own factories. With the second one, the firm designated engineers to customers’ location and established regional repair service centers. With the third one, the firm built up country level service centers, and finally, the firm is utilizing global logistics to allocate resources and coordinate activities in different repair service center. From the firm’s development model, there are several findings: 1.The amount of resources commitment is always a critical factor for reverse logistics repair service model 2.Different motives and objectives of developing reverse logistics in different period influence reverse logistics repair service model 3.As a firm’s degree of internationalization is getting higher, the ability to engage in reverse logistics plays a more important role in repair service model. In addition to basic capability of repair service, a company should put more emphasis on global logistics and transnational management 4.When a firm’s degree of internationalization is very high, it’s very important to utilize location- specific advantage to design its repair service model 5.As a firm’s degree of internationalization is getting higher, reverse logistics function evolves from passive to active and becomes more independent Overall, a firm can evaluate itself in terms of scale, resource, ability, degree of internationalization, competitive environment in order to choose appropriate reverse logistics repair service model. Adopting proper service model at different stage is beneficial for sales growth and even establishment of a firm’s competitive advantage.

台灣近年來發生許多土石流災害，導致許多傷亡與損失，而行政單位在救災時，往往忽略土石流潛勢溪流地區民眾的避難決策需求，尤其行動弱勢族群。本研究透過問卷調查與訪談的方式，針對新竹縣尖石鄉、南投縣水里鄉的一般家戶行動弱勢者，調查實際土石流災害下行動弱勢族群之災害認知與疏散避難行為特性再與無土石流災害下之預期認知及國外研究案例進行分析比較。土石流消息來源方面，實際避難時除了最為信賴「行政單位的廣播宣導」之外，對於網際網路消息有增加信賴的趨勢；土石流認知方面，實際避難行為較預期認知認同「土石流防災宣導與避難演練對您很有幫助」之認知；避難考量因素方面，實際避難行為則明顯比預期認知較為重視「過去的受災經驗」此項因子，因此災害之預期認知與實際行為兩者並非全然相同。 應用二元羅吉斯特迴歸方法，建立行動弱勢族群「是否採取避難」、「是否需要協助」、「避難過程所需時間」之三種避難疏散行為模式，解釋災害認知、外在環境與災民本身特質等避難因素間之關係。模式發現有接獲避難訊息、所得較高、有危機意識與土石流防救災知識的行動弱勢族群，進行疏散避難的比例較高；也發現行動弱勢族群最需要交通工具與輔助設備的協助；此外行動弱勢族群傾向選擇熟悉的路線，而造成整體避難過程較為耗時。最後依據前述對行動弱勢族群之疏散避難需求與行為特性之掌握，本研究對相關公部門提出行動弱勢族群防救災對策之建議。 / / For realizing the evacuation behavior of disabilities in debris flow disaster, the study conducted a questionnaire survey for the disable groups to understand their disaster perception and actual evacuation behavior. Two debris flow vulnerable townships were selected including Shuili Township in Nantou County and Jianshi Township in Hsinchu County. Therefore, their decision and perceived attributes in Debris Flow were clarified, in addition to examine if evacuation expectation corresponds to actual behavior. This research finds that the evacuation expectations shows significantly differ from the actual behavior on the source of debris flow warning, the debris flow awareness, the consideration of evacuation factors, and the choices of evacuation sites. So evacuation expectation isn’t totally correspond to actual behavior. Research result by evacuation behavior models, disable groups that are “alert”, “have safety knowledge”, “higher income”, are outstanding factors ,it is relatively high to evacuate the proportion of taking refuge. On the other hand, models find disable groups need means of transportation to help most. In conclusion, before drafting emergency planning, the government should consider more the disable group’s expectations and actual evacuation behavior than the request of the situation to ensure the planning is good to work.

近年來，大陸快速的經濟發展與市場成長潛力促使證券業累積相當的成長動能，兩岸證券業合作一直以來為學術及產業界熱門討論之議題。目前在兩岸金融法令的積極推動下，替雙方證券業合作開啟新格局。本研究透過兩岸證券業發展之背景分析，截取台灣證券商優勢以提供進入大陸佈局的建議。 有鑒於大陸區域經濟成長與人口增長率為證券業發展的主要成長動能，顯示出大陸的沿海華東地區與中南地區具有證券發展潛能。珠江三角洲與長江三角洲區域內以國有大型證券商為主，台灣證券商在兩區域佈局時應選擇證券商密集程度較低且具有證券成長動能的城市，以避免受到大型證券商壟斷的威脅。 考量台灣證券商特有知識技術、證券商品牌與聲譽、兩岸政策鬆綁、大陸外部不確定性降低、大陸市場需求成長潛力因素與過去負面的股權合資經驗，台灣證券商會偏向以全資模式進入市場；然而面對大陸證券商在區域性佈局的態勢與其複雜的組織背景，台灣證券商採取不同承諾程度的進入模式，其關鍵因素為雙方對合資成立的共識與企業文化的融合度。 台灣證券商以合資模式進入大陸市場佈局時的對象選擇，應以低市占率、雙方業務互補性高與其受到國家持有股份比例較低的大陸證券商以及擁有豐富市場經驗累積、註冊資本額高的大陸證券商為優先考量。外資於大陸市場的長期耕耘提供成立合資證券商的基礎，積極參與大陸金融改革的協助建立良好形象，引進新金融業務以求擴大業務發展。合資證券商的雙方股權比例的取得、與大陸政府關係的建立為合資個案成功關鍵。 為了加速台灣證券商於大陸市場佈局的腳步，雙方政府應積極的解除兩岸法令架構的限制，爭取台灣證券商以全資全照的方式登陸，使台灣證券商透過法令開放的時間點，在內地實際地提供相關金融服務，深化與大陸的交流，奠定未來台灣證券商於對岸的長期穩健成長之基礎。 / Chinese securities industry has been benefiting by domestic economic growth and enormous growing potential. Cooperation between cross-strait securities industry turns into a new page due to deregulation of financial constraints. This paper is based on development of each securities industry, analyzing the advantages owned by Taiwanese security firms and providing suggestions for entering Chinese market. The economic growth rate and popularity growth are key factors of security development which show coastal area and southern area of China have more security growing potential. In Pearl River delta and Yangtze River Delta, the security firms are highly concentrated and most are state-owned.It is more appropriate for Taiwanese security firms to choose less competitive regions when entering those two areas. Taiwanese security firms prefer choosing wholly-owned enter model in order to protect specific firm’s know-how and reputation. Due to decrease of external uncertainty, deregulated investment policies and strong growth potential in China, security firms prefer wholly-owned enter mode to manage resource efficiently. The complex organization structures of Chinese security firms and cultural differences are the main reasons of choosing enter mode for Taiwanese security firms. Security firms which have less market share and lower state-owned characters are appreciable for being cooperative targets. Accumulated market experience, capital capacity have positive influence on joint venture performance. Complementary product services provide various accesses to expand security firm’s income. Foreign security firms have been making effort in Chinese market by participating financial revolution actively which has built a good relationship with Chinese government. From experiences, the ownerships between cooperative parties and the relationship with Chinese government are key factors to build joint ventures successfully. Therefore, it is top priority for government to improve the relationships between cross-strait to endeavor acquiring entire license in order to speed up entering Chinese market.

本研究旨在探討臺北縣國民小學校長科技領導與學校效能的關係，以作為提升學校效能的參考。為達此目的，經由瞭解臺北縣國民小學校長科技領導與學校效能的現況，比較不同背景變項下校長科技領導與學校效能的差異情形，並分析臺北縣國民小學校長科技領導與學校效能的關係。 在研究步驟方面，首先經由文獻探討建立研究的理論基礎，其次採用問卷調查方法，抽取臺北縣公立國民小學66校，共598位教師進行問卷調查，問卷回收經整理有效問卷為470份，回收率為79%。資料輸入電腦後以SSPS for Windows 及LISREL軟體進行次數分配、平均數與標準差、T考驗、單因子變異數分析、薛費法 (Scheffé Method) 法進行事後比較、Pearson’s積差相關與結構方程模式(SEM)等方法進行統計分析，本研究獲得的結論如下： 一、臺北縣國民小學校長科技領導與學校效能之現況均屬中高良好情形。 二、臺北縣國民小學校長科技領導會因教師年齡、年資、職務、學校規模、校長資訊素養、校長學歷之不同，而有顯著差異；至於教師性別、學歷、學校歷史，則沒有差異。 三、臺北縣國民小學學校效能會因教師年齡、年資、職務、學校規模、學校地區、校長資訊素養、校長學歷之不同，而有顯著差異；至於教師性別，則沒有差異。 四、臺北縣國民小學校長科技領導與學校效能間具有顯著正相關。 五、臺北縣國民小學校長科技領導對學校效能具有正向的影響。 根據結論本研究提出如下的建議： 壹、對教育行政機關之建議 一、在校長培育課程中列入科技領導相關課程，安排校長科技領導知能培訓，加強現職校長科技領導能力。 二、將校長科技領導列入校務評鑑與學校自我評鑑項目，引導科技領導於學校中實施。 三、設立校長進修制度，鼓勵校長進修，提升校長資訊素養與學歷，以增進校長科技領導與學校效能。 貳、對國民小學校長之建議 一、充實科技領導知能，兼顧科技領導各內涵層面，於學校中實施科技領導。 二、善用溝通技巧，暢通溝通管道，做好人際關係與溝通，以利科技領導於學校中實施，並提升學校效能。 三、做好科技領導的評鑑與研究，因應領導角色新典範的來臨。 參、對後續相關研究之建議 一、進行不同職務對科技領導與學校效能之探究，深化相關影響因素之瞭解。 二、擴大不同階段學校校長科技領導與學校效能關係之研究，厚實科技領導的理論基礎。 關鍵詞：科技領導、學校效能、結構方程模式

本論文敘述對於智慧型個人數位相片管理瀏覽平台之研究、設計與實作過程。系統設計上基於整合多重證據架構，採用影像內容與使用者瀏覽行為之分析作為自動分類，判斷影像重要性與推薦程度的依據。影像自動分類方面，包括外部給予的標準資訊-EXIF資訊與分析影像內容，以其中人物存在數量與面積比例為依據的影像分類。而在影像的推薦方面，則採用影像品質之分析-包括對焦品質分析、曝光品質分析-與分析使用者瀏覽相片時的行為-包括停留時間與專注程度的整合為分析重要程度依據；最後則採用多模式(Multi-Modal)架構整合不同的評估結果並作為推薦的結論。 / In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of an intelligent personal digital photo browsing platform. The proposed system relies on multiple evidences inferred from image content as well as user behavior. Specifically, external EXIF data and face detection results are utilized to coarsely classify the digital images. Measures of image quality, including clarity and contrast, are calculated to further refine the search result. Moreover, we use web cameras to record and analyze the viewing behavior of the user and attempt to correlate the interest of the viewer to the effective viewing time. Finally, a multi-modal system is put in place to integrate the clues acquired from different modules.

台商1980年代對外投資的地點是主要集中於東南亞國家，惟1990年代後期，台商對東南亞的投資明顯減少，但對中國大陸的投資卻快速增加。近來因中國大陸實施新的勞工法、兩稅合一等招商選資政策，加以越南等國積極吸引台商前往投資，已有部份台商轉赴越南、印度、印尼等國家投資，出現新一波台商海外投資風潮。 企業從事海外投資首先面臨的重要課題即為選擇適當之「進入模式（entry mode）」，因進入模式之適當與否將對日後的經營管理與營運績效產生重大影響。企業進入國際市場的策略類型很多，每一類型都與其企業經營目標息息相關。而台商面對眾多影響進入模式的因素時，若無正確的衡量標準而逕赴海外投資，勢必增加其投資風險。 本研究以描述性統計分析、交叉分析及變異數分析等統計方法實證分析台商赴中國大陸及海外其他地區投資之進入模式之比較及影響因素。經實證結果指出，企業之投資動機、企業規模、對外投資國家地區及產業類別對台商赴中國大陸或其他海外地區投資之進入模式之選擇具顯著性影響；國際化經驗對台商赴中國大陸或海外其他地區投資之進入模式無顯著影響。 / In the 1980s, Taiwan’s outward investment mainly went to Southeast Asian countries. However, in the late 1990s, the island’s investment there declined significantly, while in mainland China it rapidly increased. Recently, mainland China has made its promotion of investment by domestic and foreign enterprises alike more selective by implementing a new labor law and a unified corporate income tax rate; and Vietnam and other developing countries have moved vigorously to attract investment from Taiwan. As a result, some Taiwan businesses have shifted their investment to Vietnam, India, Indonesia and other developing countries. This appears to constitute a new trend in Taiwanese overseas investment. The foremost issue for an enterprise investing overseas is choosing an appropriate “entry mode”, because the entry mode will affect the enterprise’s management and performance. There are many kinds of strategies that enterprises use to enter international markets, and every kind is closely related to the goals of the investor. When Taiwan enterprises investing overseas and face numerous factors that affect their entry mode, the lack of appropriate measurement standards will inevitably increase their investment risk. This study uses descriptive statistical analysis, cross-analysis, and ANOVA to analyze empirically the differenced of entry modes and the factors that influence Taiwanese investment in mainland China and other overseas areas. The statistics show that the investment motivation, scale of investing business, outward investment destination, and industry category significantly affect the entry mode that Taiwan enterprises adopt when investing in mainland China and other overseas areas; international experience, however, does not significantly affect the entry mode that Taiwanese enterprises adopt.

從數位資料處理技術發展以來，如何將類比式的資料處理、傳輸與儲存，以數位化的方式取代，一直都是政府、出版產業與學者持續關注的焦點。傳統出版產業導入數位化後，連帶改變整個出版產業的價值鏈及其中的價值活動。而從政策與產業的外部環境與數位出版業者的內部環境的不同角度觀察，數位出版價值鏈的組成份子與價值活動是持續不斷地變動，這些變動又會影響其他組成份子與價值活動的改變。本研究以A公司為個案研究對象，先針對國內數位出版主管機關的政策與產業發展等外部環境予以分析探討，並透過深度個案訪談方法，獲取A公司關於數位出版經營的初級資料，再整合外部環境與個案企業的內部環境，歸納出個案企業採取的專精策略，並嘗試提供個案企業差異化的經營策略思考方向。本研究發現，數位出版業者經營策略形成與選擇，與企業對於數位出版價值鏈與價值活動發展的掌握，以及自我核心能耐的累積與培養，息息相關。最後，本研究針對數位出版外部環境、個案企業與後續研究方向提出建議。