「檔案描述」是檔案管理過程中最基礎的工作，目的在於將具有價值的資料組織、整理，以提供便利的資訊檢索工具。標準的制定在於促使具有價值性的資料可相互交流與分享。美國檔案管理專業，對於檔案描述格式標準之規範，從一九八○年代檔案與手稿機讀編目格式(MARC AMC)，到一九九○年代制定的檔案描述編碼標準(EAD)，對於發展檔案描述資料結構標準化工作，皆能隨資訊網路的進步與發展，既能符合檔案資料特質，又能滿足使用者日新月異的資訊需求。反觀國內檔案管理有關檔案描述作業缺乏統一架構標準，為使國內檔案界在制定相關中文檔案與手稿描述標準有一明確的參考依據，而進行本研究。 本研究採用比較法與實作方式，運用比較法分析MARC AMC與EAD發展背景、主要功能、描述層級、描述資訊、實際應用等比較項目的異同之處。分析MARC AMC與EAD描述項目對映結果，再以中文機關檔案與個人手稿，分別利用MARC AMC與EAD加以描述，實際分析二種描述記錄間轉換的可行模式。 研究結果有四項：一、MARC AMC能有效控制檔案館館藏資訊，採用MARC AMC作為描述規範的檔案資訊非常豐富；二、EAD徹底實行檔案”控制層次”，利用檔案”多層次描述”特質；三、MARC AMC與EAD描述項目大都可相對應；四、由於機關檔案與個人手稿的層次編排上的差異，MARC AMC與EAD的轉換需分別進行，但二種描述標準所建立的記錄是可轉換的。建議共有五項：一、國內應成立制定檔案描述標準的專責組織；二、分別建立中文檔案與手稿機讀編目格式與中文檔案描述編碼標準；三、研究國內檔案資源層次控制的應用；四、制定中文檔案與手稿描述規則；五、建立全國性檔案館藏聯合目錄與全國性檔案查檢工具計畫。

網路技術的快速發展，使人與社會的接觸從實體走入虛擬，人與人之間的交流互動，可以透過社群媒體與網站進行意見的交流與資訊，政府單位、典藏機構與公眾人物等具有群眾號召力之訊息發布者，莫不透過網路社群的功能，達成資訊的成功傳遞。典藏機構是一般大眾最為信賴的知識傳播者，隨著社群網站成為主流的資訊中介站，檔案館也開始在2008年設立Facebook粉絲專頁。有鑑於Facebook具有資訊傳播效益，能提升檔案館與使用者意見的直接溝通。本研究旨在瞭解國內外檔案館Facebook粉絲專頁的互動經營模式，透過內容分析、深度訪談與問卷調查法，以不同的角色探討檔案館Facebook的經營策略與網路使用者的互動需求。 本研究以媒介豐富度的指標為基礎架構，透過內容分析法，觀察國內外6所檔案館Facebook粉絲專頁2015年10月至12月間579則貼文的發布頻率、主題內容與互動率，另輔以深度訪談法，探討檔案館Facebook經營者的貼文回饋速度、多元化內容提示與語言多樣性，瞭解國內檔案館Facebook粉絲專頁的經營維護政策。最後採問卷調查法，分析123份有加入檔案館Facebook之使用者對於該社群網站經營狀況的看法，及其認為檔案館最需要改進的地方。 研究結果發現，雖然檔案館的Facebook發文頻率偏高，但卻無法引發使用者共鳴，同時，使用者也認為檔案館之留言回饋率過低，不符需求。由內容分析與深度訪談結果得知，檔案館Facebook粉絲專頁經營者希望借助該社群網站的易用性與即時性，進行該館活動的推廣，而從Facebook頁面中，則可以發現互動率最高的媒體類型分別為相片、影片與連結。問卷調查部分，檔案館的Facebook使用者較能接受口語化的撰寫方式，且其亦會依據貼文主題的不同，給予不同程度的互動。本研究建議檔案館Facebook可提供豐富的多媒體貼文內容，透過符合使用者需求的內容包裝方式，讓兩者的互動更為積極。 / With the advent of the Internet, social networks afford an opportunity to make information much more broadly available and make direct contact between administrators such as governments, libraries, archives, museums and internet users. Library, archives and museums are the most trusted information suppliers. With the concept of becoming a communication intermediate, archives around the world started to create Facebook Pages since 2008 for extending communication channel with users of archives. The purpose of this research is to investigate the public communication and operating status of archives on Facebook. This research collected data from analyzing the media richness on the Facebook posts from US National Archives (U.S.), The National Archives (U.K.), National Archives of Australia and 3 public archives in Taiwan during October 1 to December 31, 2015. Besides, also used in-depth interview with archivists who managed the Facebook Pages to understand the operating policies of archives. Furthermore, questionnaire survey was conducted to capture users’ access behavior and analyzed the users’ barriers. According to the results, most of the users stated that, although archives have tried very hard to keep up with the trend, failure on reaching consensus between users’ need and administrative costs and effectiveness were a big problem. Facebook followers considered insufficient communicating cannels and lacked of immediate feedback reduced the satisfaction on the presentation of Archives’ Facebook. With content analysis, this study found that the media which could cause highly interaction were photos, videos and links, even the spoken text markup language were more acceptable by Internet users. This study suggests that archives should deliberate to provide more posts with multiple types of clues. Through the process of modifying original transactional messages, the communication between archives and users will be more effective.

個人文件是一種自然累積的文件，係由個人為記錄某些活動及事項所產生，雖屬私人性質，但經常由於產生者的過去經歷、工作職務、社會地位或特殊貢獻等因素，可透過文件內容與形式，忠實的反映出過去的社會情勢，並可從中看出相關重要人物之對於特定事件的思維，具有重要研究參考價值，故典藏機構亦將之納入館藏徵集的範圍之中。 本研究採用「多重個案法」與「深度訪談法」進行研究，首先以隸屬公部門之典藏機構作為研究範圍，包括：國史館、中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館、國家台灣文學館、國家圖書館與國立台灣大學圖書館，探討各機構個人文件典藏之範疇與主題；其次對各機構之管理人員與相關使用者進行訪談，以獲得有關個人文件管理與使用之相關經驗與看法。 根據研究發現，提出結論如下：一、各典藏機構所收藏之個人文件資料範疇有重疊現象；二、多數典藏機構未設置個人文件資料專責管理部門；三、各典藏機構個人文件徵集方式均以捐贈為主；四、各典藏機構個人文件之整編架構與陳列方式均「以人為主」，採「人物全宗」與「集中管理」為原則；五、各典藏機構個人文件檢索工具仍以紙本目錄較為普遍；六、各典藏機構針對個人文件之推廣主要有3種模式：舉辦展覽活動、網站建置與印製刊物發行；七、「電腦資訊技術」與「檔案管理知識」為管理人員認為最需加強之專業能力；八、個人文件納入法制化管理有其困難性，著作權與隱私權為最需重視之問題。 最後針對前述研究結果提出四項建議：一、促請各典藏機構制定館藏發展政策；二、建置理想之個人文件典藏與管理模式，包括：（一）編製管理工作手冊，訂定標準規範，（二）加強與捐贈者間之聯繫，訂定明確捐贈契約，（三）加速建置線上查詢系統，提高檢索效率，（四）配合付費機制開放檔案應用，並與國外典藏機構建立平等互惠之使用原則，（五）增加進修機會，提升管理人員專業素養；三、釐清檔案開放與應用之相關法律規定與權益；四、建立全國性個人文件目錄檢索機制。

檔案控制層次分為管理、全宗、系列、案卷、件等五個層次，是由美國國家檔案暨文件署之學者Oliver Wendell Holmes在1964年提出「檔案編排-五種不同的控制層次」一文的說法。 從2001年起，國內各典藏歷史檔案機構已就其重要的歷史檔案，引進採用最新發展之「檔案描述編碼格式」(Encoded Archival Description，簡稱EAD)及「國際檔案描述標準」(General International Standard Archival Description，簡稱ISAD(G))等標準，進行數位典藏計畫，使檔案控制層次在歷史檔案編排之應用，成為數位典藏計畫執行期間及本研究階段之重要研究課題。 本研究採用「個案研究法」與「深度訪談法」進行研究，對5所典藏歷史檔案機構進行個案研究，包括：國立故宮博物院、國史館、國史館台灣文獻館、中央研究院歷史語言研究所及近代史研究所，以了解檔案控制層次之應用成果；另深度訪談法則是對機構內檔案編排人員進行訪談，以搜集參與數位典藏計畫前後，檔案控制層次在歷史檔案編排之應用情形資訊，及檔案描述有關之控制層次內容。 根據本研究，有下列結論：一、各機構均會參酌最新理論與應用先例進行檔案編排；二、對於檔案控制層次除運用在實體歷史檔案編排外，並也已逐漸延伸到數位檔案影像編排上；三、後設資料需求規格書中之控制層次名稱更為明確；四、控制層次邏輯可以作為製成檢索工具基礎及應用在數位檔案之檔名命名上；五、層次關係以樹狀結構呈現；六、多數機構著重在較低層次的描述；七、彙整出各機構檔案編排之層次圖表。 最後對前述研究結論提出建議：一、未將檔案控制層次運用在歷史檔案編排者，應加以調整；二、控制層次之名稱與內涵應一致；三、運用檔案控制層次方法後，應加以彙集出版或作為網路上瀏覽檔案的輔助索引；四、建立描述計畫時，應著重在較高層次的描述；五、各機構應加強訂定檔案描述規則與多層次描述規範。 / The levels of control in archival arrangement can be classified by depositories, fonds, series, files and items ,etc. This concept had been proposed by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1964, in his article: “Archival Arrangement -- Five Different Operations at Five Different Levels”. Since 2001, many public archive institutions which are major holders of historical materials in Taiwan, early or late participated in the “National Digital Archives Program” (NDAP). They have adopted “Encoded Archival Description” (EAD) and “General International Standard Archival Description” ( ISAD(G)) as the standards of archive digitization. Therefore, the levels of control applied in the arrangement of historical archives have become the main topics of NDAP and relative studies. This study has adopted the “case study method” and the “in-depth interview method.” We make case studies of five major historical archive institutions in Taiwan -- the National Palace Museum, the Historica Academia, the Taiwan Historica, the Institute of History and Philology and the Institute of Modern History, especially regarding the levels of control applied in the arrangement of historical archives before and after these institutions participated in NDAP. On the other hand, we interviewed the archivists of the above institutions, in order to understand their work of archival description based on the levels of control. We reached the following conclusions: 1. The above-mentioned institutions adopt the newly theory and practice in archival arrangement every now and again. 2. The levels of control not only have been applied in the arrangement of physical archives, but extended to digital archives. 3. The levels of control have become more definite in the specification of metadata requirement. 4. The logic of the levels of control can be utilized as the basis of finding aids and : the naming rule of digital files. 5. The hierarchical model of the levels of control has been presented in a kind of tree structure. 6. Most institutions focus their efforts on lower level descriptions. 7. For further research, we establish a summary table of the levels of control adopted by the above-mentioned institutions. Finally, we do have some suggestions: 1. For every historical archive holder, it is a wise choice to adopt the levels of control to arrange the historical materials 2. The naming on the levels of control and its contents must be consistent. 3. The levels of control applied in the arrangement of historical materials should be available on-site to user as auxiliary index. 4. We’d better concentrate more efforts on higher level description while planning for archival description. 5. Each public archive institution should make every effort to enhance the establishment of Chinese archival description rules and multiple description specifications.

檔案是紀錄人類文明發展的重要史料，也是行政機關執行業務過程的重要憑據，先進國家對於檔案的管理都極為重視，且均已興建現代化的檔案館來保存珍貴的國家檔案，設置適足的空間與設備以提供優質的應用服務，這不僅有助於文化資產之保存，也是國家發展進步的重要指標與象徵。我國現代化之檔案管理制度係師承歐美各先進國家，參酌國情後制定並予以立法規範，就長遠觀之，雖然已在2015年啟用首座永久性之國家檔案庫房，然而，這只能算是完成了因應典藏空間需求的近程目標，未來在制度面方面仍需建構完整的國家檔案管理體系，爭取興建獨立且多功能之館舍，讓珍貴的國家檔案得以妥適典藏並提供各界應用，發揮檔案存在的價值與功能。 　　檔案保存維護策略之擬訂，需掌握空間規劃、環境控制、修護處置、複製儲存及風險管理等要項，各要項皆有賴相當的專業能力方可成就，國家發展委員會檔案管理局為我國檔案中央主管機關，依法負有管理國家檔案之責，由於數量龐大且因年代久遠、原保管條件不佳等因素，檔案接管時多已嚴重劣損，更需要儘速研訂保存策略以為作業準據。本研究之目的，即以世界各先進國家之國家檔案館業務概況為探究目標，針對各國國家檔案館發展之保存策略加以研析，並就保存維護工作之範圍與業務重點比較其內涵之異同，據以研議適合我國國家檔案之保存策略，建立一致性、完整性、正確性之處置作業標準，提供未來國家檔案館規劃之參考，達到提升國家檔案典藏效益與作業品質之目的。本研究之重要成果與建議，歸納如下： 　一、國家檔案館興建刻不容緩 　　 本次研究調查發現，屬嚴重劣化的受損檔案多達一成以上，可合理推估具永久保存價值之國家檔案在尚未移轉前，恐有滅失之危機；據統計現有100公里以上之國家檔案尚待移轉，然受限於典藏空間不足而無法加速移轉作業之進行。因此，無論是從國際趨勢或是保存珍貴國家記憶的角度來看，興建國家檔案館都是未來首要推動的工作目標。 　二、國家檔案保存維護優先順序有待建立 　　國家檔案數量龐大，媒體型式及材質種類又十分多元，在資源有限情形下，除了必須爭取經費持續進行預防性保護相關作為，亦應衡酌檔案的價值性、應用性、保存性等條件，建立客觀的評量標準，研訂國家檔案保存修護及數位化等優先處置原則，兼顧檔案長期保存與便捷應用之需求，提升國家檔案管理效益。 三、國家檔案保存維護作業人力亟待充實 　　面對數量龐大且媒體類型多元的檔案，若無經費、人力、設備等資源的持續挹注，實難完成。為有效提升國家檔案保存維護工作的執行績效，未來仍應加強人力的支援，並思考業務傳承方式，使是項工作得以順遂推動。 四、各機關檔案人員保存維護正確觀念有待加強 　　國家檔案移轉前在各機關保存時間長達數十年，若原管有機關未善盡保存維護之責，或是施以錯誤的保管方式，等到檔案徵集移轉時再來搶救，恐為時已晚。為了讓檔案能夠延長保存壽命，進而減輕國家檔案移轉後所需花費的修護成本，應透過培訓、輔導等方式強化各機關檔案人員對於保存維護觀念的正確認知，宣導檔案保存環境控制與保管作為的有效作法，才能有效降低國家檔案劣化的數量與嚴重程度。 / Archives are not only important records of the development of human civilization but also concrete proofs of the works of government agencies. All the advanced nations attach great importance to the management of archives. They have therefore set up modernized buildings to house and preserve such precious archival materials, and have provided adequate space and facilities for quality service to users. By doing so, precious cultural assets can be best kept. These actions significantly symbolize the progress of a nation. In formulating correct strategies of archival preservation, we need to carefully take into consideration space planning, environment control, repair & restoration, duplicate & storage, and risk management. All of these rely on professional expertise. The National Archives Administration (NAA) under the Cabinet-level National Development Council is accountable for overall management of national archives in Taiwan. However, many of the archival materials had been damaged or deteriorated even before having been transferred to NAA due to their long history and the poor handling by the original agencies. Preservation of such archives urgently need efficient strategies. This dissertation therefore aims to conduct some researches on the operations of national archives agencies in advanced nations, analyze their preservation strategies, and compare the differences of their works and emphases. More importantly, this author tries to come up with standard operation procedures, which are coherent, complete and accurate, for Taiwan to preserve our national archives. Hopefully this will offer reference in planning for a new national archives hall, so as to enhance the efficiency and upgrade the quality of national archives preservation. The major study results and suggestions are as follows: I. There is urgent need for a national archives hall. This study finds out that seriously damaged or deteriorated archives in different agencies account for ten percent of the total archives. It can therefore be estimated that national archives worth preserving might be lost before being transferred to NAA. Statistics show that there are over 100-km long national archives waiting to be transferred. Yet, due to the limited space in NAA, it is impossible to speed up the transfer process. Therefore, in view of international trend or the need to retain precious national memories, to build a new national archives hall is top on the agenda. 2. Priorities should be set to best preserve national archives. National archives are not only large in quantity but also diverse in media types and material sorts. With limited resources, NAA has to allocate budgets to continue preventive protection measures. Meanwhile, it needs to establish objective criteria for assessing the value, usage, and preservation of different national archives before setting priorities for the restoration and digitalization of each sort. It is equally important to ensure long-term preservation and offer convenient service to users, so as to enhance the management efficiency of national archives. 3. The quality and quantity of workforce in national archives preservation need to be strengthened. Faced by the challenges in both large number and different types of national archives, NAA assuredly needs more financial, workforce and equipment support to continue fulfilling its missions. In order to more effectively preserve national archives and keep the operation going smoothly, more professionals are needed, and skills and experiences must be passed down to new staff members. 4. The preservation-related knowledge of staff members in different agencies needs to be strengthened. The current national archives had been kept by different agencies for several decades before having been transferred to NAA. If the original agencies failed to do their jobs well or kept their archives in a wrong way, it would be too late to rescue those archives after transfer. Therefore, in order to prolong the life of archives and reduce the expenses on repairing them after transfer, staff members in all agencies should receive training and assistance to gain better knowledge of archival preservation. After that, they can together take correct, effective measures as environment control and careful preservation to significantly reduce the number and degree of deteriorated archives.

檔案是研究歷史或瞭解過去事情的重要工具，因此檔案館除了需善盡保存檔案之責外，還要提供檢索工具供使用者使用。隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展及資源分享概念的形成，透過WWW，採用更一致、更友善且更便利的方式進行檢索成為一種趨勢，檔案描述編碼格式（EAD）即逐漸發展出來。以此格式所製作的檢索工具，能適當地描述檔案的階層架構，且對於檔案資訊的描述較豐富。由於以標準為基礎且與平台無關，所描述的資訊可被搜尋、檢索、瀏覽，亦可方便資源共享與資訊交換，並有較長久的使用時間。在國外已有許多計畫研究EAD，也有檔案館實際利用EAD編製檔案檢索工具，並放在網站上供使用。為期EAD亦能應用在國內的中文檔案，乃進行本研究。 本研究採文獻分析法與試驗法。藉由文獻分析法，瞭解EAD架構、目前EAD的發展現況及實際使用情形；而試驗法為實際至國內檔案館調閱檔案資料，將這些資料編製成符合EAD格式的檢索工具，並放在網站上，以檢視其是否能在WWW上瀏覽使用。 研究結論為：(1)EAD編碼之檔案檢索工具所含資訊豐富，能在網路上直接檢索，便利使用，並能使檢索工具具有較長久的使用時間；(2)中文檔案編製成EAD格式之檢索工具，部份著錄項目可直接使用，部份則需另行輸入；(3)EAD格式可應用於中文檔案；(4)國外地區較易推展EAD的實施使用。建議有六項：(1)EAD DTD依中文檔案之特質需做調整修改或發展中文版EAD；(2)利用EAD製作中文檔案檢索工具；(3)訂定中文檔案描述相關標準；(4)配合相關軟體的使用；(5)應於文件生命週期初期做好文件整編工作；(6)不可輕忽人工分析與檔案整理的工作。 第一章 緒論..............................1 第一節 研究動機........................1 第二節 研究目的........................2 第三節 研究問題........................3 第四節 預期貢獻........................3 第五節 名詞解釋........................4 第二章 文獻探討..........................9 第一節 檔案描述與檢索工具..............9 第二節 檔案描述標準...................26 第三節 SGML...........................30 第四節 XML............................37 第五節 EAD的沿革......................42 第六節 EAD相關研究計畫................50 第三章 研究方法與步驟...................65 第一節 研究方法.......................65 第二節 研究範圍與限制.................66 第三節 研究工具.......................67 第四節 研究步驟.......................67 第五節 研究實施.......................69 第四章 EAD架構與使用現況................71 第一節 EAD架構........................71 第二節 EAD使用現況....................84 第五章 研究結果與討論..................101 第一節 研究結果......................101 第二節 綜合討論......................140 第六章 結論與建議......................145 第一節 結論..........................145 第二節 建議..........................147 第三節 後續研究建議..................149 參考書目................................151 附錄....................................161 附錄一 EAD DTD 1.0版標籤.............161 附錄二 中文檔案以EAD編碼之實例.......165

本研究係以苗栗縣的國民中學(簡稱國中)校史檔案為研究對象，針對學校校史檔案管理與應用之現況調查與探討，其中檔案管理部分包括校史室的建置與情形、行政管理的情形，應用包括資料編修、研究及展示等，藉以了解校史建置工作的歷程和困難點，希望能提供進一步的改善方法，供需建置校史的學校參考。 本研究藉由對苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案管理與運用情形的了解與探討，進而分析目前苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案典藏管理及面臨方式問題和解決之道，研究結果期盼相關單位對校史檔案及校史價值能有更多的認識與討論，使這些珍貴的學校資產能得到應有的重視，並獲得妥善的保存與維護。 本研究所採行的方法為「問卷調查法」與「訪談法」，問卷調查以各校校史檔案管理人員為問卷填寫對象；訪談以各校校史檔案管理人員或實際從事校史編纂工作相關人員做為訪談對象，主要對象是校長秘書、總務主任、設備組長、圖書館管理人員或兼任校史檔案管理工作之行政幹部。 本研究主要目的是探討苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案管理與運用情形，並透過問卷調查及訪談的方式，了解苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案管理與運用現況所面臨的困境，提出研究結論如下：一、苗栗縣各國民中學校史檔案管理單位不一，學校校史檔案無專責人員；二、苗栗縣各國民中學校史室之成立與使用規模；三、苗栗縣各國民中學學校大都未有校史設置作業法規；四、苗栗縣各國民中學大都欠缺校史檔案的徵集政策；五、苗栗縣各國民中學學校校史檔案整理分類作業情形現況；六、苗栗縣各國民中學學校校史檔案的維護及其他安全措施；七、苗栗縣國民中學學校校史檔案目前保存的狀況；八、苗栗縣各國民中學校史檔案的運用面向。 學校是教育的重鎮，成立學校的最終目標是培養將來社會的人才，學校一切的工作都是以此為出發點，在實現此一目標之時，需要學校所有的處室配合，其中最重要的一項就是學校校史檔案工作。學校校史檔案管理工作是隨學校發展而展開的，學校校史檔案工作是為整各學校教育單位服務，也應該屬於行政部門的一部分，檔案管理單位是做好學校校史檔案的保障。本研究提出五項建議如下：一、盡速訂定校史設置作業法規；二、配置校史檔案管理專責人員；三、擬訂校史檔案的徵集政策；四、妥善進行校史檔案之整理與分類；五、實體校史檔案之管理與數位校史檔案之備份儲存。 / Using the archives of junior high school in Miaoli County as an object of study, this study assess the management of school history archives (SHA) and provide extensive discussions of its current applications. The section of SHA management examines the foundation and administration of school archives room; the section of applications is primarily concerned with literature revision, research and exhibition. Our objective in this study is to address the process and challenges regarding the establishment of SHA, and to present improvement approaches as a reference for schools being in need of SHA establishment. The focus of discussions presented in this study is on the management of SHA and its application in order to provide analyses related to administration of SHA management, encountered problems, and solutions, in junior high school in Miaoli County. Findings have broad implications in a number of areas: corresponding departments’ growing understanding of SHA and its value, holding high regard for school assets, and being concerned with maintaining and preserving access to historical collection. The methods to carry out this study were using questionnaire survey and interviewing. The participants for questionnaire survey were administrators at school archives, and those for interviewing were selected from the administrators at school archives or the professional staff members responsible for archival materials (e.g., Principal’s secretary, Chief of General Affair Section, Section Chief of Teaching Facilities, school librarian, and administrative workers). The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the management and application of archival materials in junior high school in Miaoli County. By utilizing questionnaire survey and interviewing, we present a conceptual framework for the process and challenges regarding the establishment of SHA. The results revealed that, first, no steering committee responsible for any aspect of selection, preservation, or use of archival materials; second, the foundation and scale of SHA in junior high schools in Miaoli County; third, junior high schools in Miaoli County does not establish basic working rules; fourth, most junior high schools in Miaoli County lack regulations in relation to SHA; fifth, the current condition of archival material classification in junior high school in Miaoli County; sixth, maintenance policy and other measurements concerning archival materials in junior high school in Miaoli County; seventh, current condition of archival material maintenance in junior high school in Miaoli County; eighth, application of archival material in junior high school in Miaoli County. School is the cradle of education. The object of education is to create suitable member of the society. Cooperation between different offices and management of SHA in a school may be of importance in explaining how all the works in a school are designed to reach this goal. Furthermore, the management of SHA not only booms with school development, but facilitates collaboration and consensus, which also belongs to part of the administration division; the dept. of SHA definitely plays a vital part, taking responsibility for school history archive. While this study has limitations, 5 suggestions are given as follows: 1.establishment of basic working rules and regulations; 2. organization of steering committee of individuals responsible for historical documents; 3. collection policy to define the types of archival materials to be collected; 4. proper use of organization and categorization; 5. management of paper format SHA and backup copy of digital format SHA. Key Words: archives management; school history archives; junior high school archives

本研究旨在藉由行銷組合的7P理論（產品、價格、通路、推廣、人員、實體證據及過程）檢視國內檔案典藏機構推廣服務情形。本研究採用文獻分析法及深度訪談法蒐集研究資料。訪談對象以立意抽樣有辦理檔案推廣活動經驗並具有特色館藏之檔案典藏機構進行受訪，計訪談8個檔案典藏機構。本研究歸納結論如下： 一、檔案行銷組合的產品策略，以實體資源與虛擬資源為主。 二、價格策略以館藏複製及加值授權為主。 三、通路策略以實體通路為主，網路通路為輔。 四、推廣策略以檔案展覽活動為主。 五、人員策略須注重服務人員教育訓練。 六、實體證據策略須提供檔案行銷推廣空間。 七、過程策略以服務流程之便利化與標準化為目標。 根據研究結果，提出建議事項： 一、設立專門負責行銷活動之部門或人員。 二、產品加值授權與開發文創商品。 三、加強網路通路之應用。 四、結合推廣活動與教育之應用。 五、加強服務人員行銷相關的專業能力。 六、提供行銷推廣空間。 七、全面開放資料庫線上閱覽。 / This study is mainly on investigating the Archival Promotion Services in the archival institutions in Taiwan through 7P marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical evidence and Process). Literature analysis and depth interviews were used in this research for gathering data. Depth interviews were investigated 8 experienced archival institutions with promotion activities and characteristic collection. The results of the research are concluded below: 1.Archival product strategy is mainly based on the physical and virtual resources. 2.Archival price strategy is mainly based on duplicate and authorization. 3.Archival place strategy relies mainly on physical access supplemented by internet access. 4.Archival promotion strategy is mainly based on exhibition activities. 5.Archival people strategy shall provide educational training. 6.Archival physical evidence strategy shall provide promotion space. 7.Archival process strategy is mainly based on facilitation and standardization of service. Recommendations: 1.To set up the department or personnel responsible for the marketing. 2.To develop the value-added authorization of product. 3.To strengthen the application of internet access. 4.To connect promotion activities to education. 5.To intensify the professional ability related marketing. 6.To provide promotion space. 7.To provide reading online database fully.

檔案素養係指個人擁有對於檔案方面的基礎知識，能夠瞭解自身檔案需求，以及具備有效率地查詢、分析、選擇、評估、利用及傳播檔案資訊的能力。但國內對於檔案應用的概念相較於圖書館的圖書館利用仍較顯薄弱，換而言之，即是檔案素養之概念較不普及。檔案界可效法圖書資訊界進行圖書館利用教育之經驗，也投入檔案利用教育之推行，並結合國內通識教育之發展，開設檔案素養通識課程，進一步培養大學生檔案素養能力。 本研究之目的，在於探討國內外檔案素養與資訊素養教育理念及其必要性，以及瞭解大學師生對於檔案素養通識課程內容規劃之意見與期許，並進一步提出較完整的大學檔案素養通識課程主題綱要與後續發展建議。 本研究參考國內外資訊素養與檔案素養相關課程綱要，整合檔案素養通識課程內容，分析歸納檔案素養通識教育所應具備的要點，並依此擬定一份檔案素養通識課程主題單元規劃。後續再搭配深度訪談法，分別由大學教師與學生雙方觀點來評估該份課綱之適用性，並依據訪談結果進行課程主題單元之調整。綜合訪談結果，本研究最終提出之檔案素養通識課程規劃有檔案知識、檔案實務工作、檔案檢索、檔案應用以及檔案倫理等五大主題，各主題之下共有22個概念單一之子單元，以供授課教師依其需求精確挑選欲與課程結合之內容。 本研究建議後續檔案素養通識課程，可彈性結合本研究歸納出之檔案素養通識課程主題綱要，建立符合教師需求之課程綱要；也可與資訊素養、文史相關通識或圖書館利用教育結合；在課程內容方面，課程設計將理論與實務相結合，使課程內容多元延伸。 / Archival literacy means that someone has the basic knowledge of archives, realizes his needs of archives, and has the abilities of searching, analyzing, choosing, evaluating, using and broadcasting archival resources. However, the concept of archival public access is not as well-known as borrowing books in the library, which means that the concept of archival literacy is less popular than library instruction. To improve the notability of archival literacy, we can follow the example of library instruction to promote archives instruction, or follow the development of general education in Taiwan to offer the archival literacy courses, which can cultivate the ability of archival literacy of college students. The purpose of this study is to explore the educational philosophy and the necessity of archival literacy and information literacy at home and abroad, and to realize the opinions and expectations of the plan of archival literacy courses from college students and teachers. Furthermore, to offer a much more complete syllabus of archival literacy courses and to make some suggestions of follow-up development. The study explores the syllabuses of information literacy and archival literacy courses at home and abroad, and integrates the contents of these courses to analyze and sum up some principles that should take into consideration while planning archival literacy courses. According to these principles, we’ll make a list of subjects and units as for the plan of archival literacy courses. The study also explores individual views and considerations by in-depth interviewing college students who had taken a course about archival literacy and teachers that are studying in the field of archives, had been working at the archives, or had lots of experience of archival accessing. From the result we adjust the syllabus to a more flexible module includes five subjects and 22 plain units. The five subjects are: (1) the knowledge of archives, (2) the practical work of archives, (3) archives retrieval, (4) archives access (5) ethic of archives. Teachers could choose any topics or units that exactly meet their demands to combine with their syllabuses. The study suggests that the archival literacy courses follow-up could choose some subjects or units from the syllabus that the study sorted out to make their syllabuses meet their demands; the archival literacy courses could be combined with historical course or library instruction. Finally, for the content of the curriculums, it should combine theory with practical works. Choose more units like visiting archives or accessing archives could excite the students’ interest and improve their wills to get into the class.

歷史檔案是用文字記錄人、事、時、地、物發生過的種種，歷史是一個國家的根基、檔案則負責歷史的真實性，因此歷史檔案是人類社會重要的資產，但人們對於歷史檔案的認知較為陌生，同時歷史檔案的典藏單位是多元化的，在博物館的歷史檔案則統一被歸屬於史料文獻的典藏品而非檔案，因此在歷史檔案的瞭解與使用上較多都以專業研究人員為主。 本研究透過文獻分析瞭解何謂「歷史檔案」以及國內外博物館在歷史檔案的典藏與管理概況，並對五所典藏歷史檔案的博物館進行深度訪談，包括：國立故宮博物院、國立歷史博物館、國立臺灣博物館、國立臺灣歷史博物館以及高雄市立歷史博物館，冀求瞭解博物館對於歷史檔案的典藏與管理情況，綜合分析其結果，提出合適於歷史檔案的典藏與管理意見，以供未來國內歷史檔案之典藏機構參考。 歸納文獻分析與研究結果發現，博物館對於歷史檔案的認識較為不足，在使用歷史檔案時也多以展覽為主，除了博物館業務繁重之外，負責歷史檔案的管理人員較多都不具有檔案專業背景，同時因為博物館蒐藏方向多有重疊，因此歷史檔案被分散典藏在不同博物館中，也讓使用者在運用時有所阻礙。藉由釐清歷史檔案的定義，以及經由專業的檔案人員整理後，國內對於檔案的重視也會日益增加。 / Historical archives use words to record people, things, places, and objects that have been on earth. History is the foundation of a country, and archives represent the reality of history; therefore, historical archives are the important fortune of human beings. However, people are not familiar with historical archives, and the collection units of historical archives are various, for example, the historical archives in Museum are not organized under collection of archives but collection of literature. As a result, the comprehension and application of historical archives are mostly conducted by professional research workers. This research analyzes historical archives and the statement of worldwide museums in collection and management of historical archives. Also, this research conducts in-depth interview on five museums, inclusive of National Palace Museum, National Museum of History, National Taiwan Museum, National Museum of Taiwan History, and Kaohsiung Museum of History, to understand the collection and management statement of historical archives in museums nowadays. Nevertheless, this research sums up the analytic results and raises suggestions suitable for the collection and management of historical archives, in order to let domestic collection of historical archives institutes can take advantage of it. According to the literature analyses and research results, museums lack awareness of historical archives and the application of historical archives always focus on exhibitions. These cause museum not only a heavy duty but also most staffs in charge of historical archives are not equipped with specialized knowledge. Meanwhile, due to the duplicate collections of different museums, historical archives are scattered in distinct museums, which create barriers toward users. Therefore, hoping domestic awareness of archives will arise increasingly after the clarification of historical archives and the rearrangement conducted by experts.