台灣之石化產業欲著重於永續發展，就必須能落實企業社會責任，而環境議題(尤其是其中之土壤及地下水污染相關議題)是台灣石化產業在落實企業社會責任中最大的挑戰。 從石化產業之各利害關係人之角度(包括政府、社會、石化產業本身，供應鏈，資本市場等)分析，石化產業欲能在土壤及地下水污染領域落實企業社會責任，是需靠政府、社會、學術界及石化產業本身共同努力方能得之；政府及社會大眾可扮演監督、鼓勵及協助石化產業之角色；學術界可和石化產業共同研發相關技術或產品，共同創造經濟及分享經濟；石化產業本身亦可設置土壤及地下水污染專責人員或組織進行資訊揭露，並將企業社會責任內化及協助供應鏈做好土壤及地下水污染防治或整治工作。 目前台灣受土壤及地下水污染之場址有部分是石化產業相關之場址，若台灣之石化產業能在土壤及地下水污染領域落實企業社會責任，則對台灣的環境必定有正面的影響，而台灣石化產業之永續發展是指日可見的。

本研究透過永續發展三重盈餘理論，以虛擬故事法設計問卷，針對金融業永續發展進行研究消費者對於其企業形象、個人及企業購買意願與知覺風險四構面的影響。 本研究針對各校企業管理研究所碩士生客群為抽樣對象，共收集有效問卷225份，並利用結構方程模式檢驗研究假說。研究結果歸納如下： 1.金融業永續發展對企業形象有正向影響關係，社會面及環境面表現是關鍵因素。 2.金融業永續發展對個人購買意願、企業購買意願與知覺風險有正向影響關係，經濟面表現是關鍵因素。 3.永續教育非為讓受試者更重視各構面社會及環境面向的關鍵要素。 透過文獻回顧與資料分析實證研究，本研究的研究貢獻如下： 1.以往文獻較少探討金融業永續發展對於消費者行為的議題，僅有是以企業社會責任為基礎的情況下探討，本研究透過永續發展理論，釐清與企業社會責任關係，針對金融業進行研究消費者行為相關議題。 2.實證金融業永續發展對於企業形象、個人購買意願、企業購買意願及知覺風險有正向的影響效果，並發現影響各構面的關係面向因素。 3.實證受試者接受永續教育及對永續認知的多寡與各構面的關係。 4.研究對象為各校就讀企業管理研究所學生，此群學生對於永續發展議題的觀點對於未來金融業發展永續作為相關實務有其參考價值。 / The research is a study of Corporate Image, Personal Purchasing Intention, Enterprise Purchasing Intention and Perceived Risk based on the sustainable development theory - Triple Bottom Line through the scenario approach to design the questionnaire. The study collected 225 valid questionnaires from students who are major in business administration in master degree and took advantage of SEM to verify research hypotheses. Results and discussions are concluded below： 1.The sustainable development of the financial industry has a positive impact on Corporate Image. Social and Environmental aspects performance are the key factor. 2.The sustainable development of the financial industry has a positive impact on Personal Purchasing Intention, Enterprise Purchasing Intention and Perceived Risk. Economic aspects performance is the key factor. 3.Thera are not having positive result on through sustainable education can let the subjects pay more attention to Social and Environmental aspects performance. Through analysis of empirical research and literature review, research contributions of this study are concluded below： 1.Past researches few investigated the case of the financial sector for sustainable development issues in consumer behavior and most of researches are based on corporate social responsibility. Therefore, this study clarifies the relationship between corporate social responsibility and studies cusomers behavior issues through sustainable development theory. 2.Through the Empirical Study, found that the sustainable development of the financial industry has a positive impact on Corporate Image, Personal Purchasing Intention, Enterprise Purchasing Intention and Perceived Risk and further found the relationships between various aspects (Economic, Social and Environmental). 3.Through the Empirical Study, found the relationships among sustainable education, awareness of sustainable development and various aspects. 4.This reasarch, target group are students study for MBA, can apply financial institutes for some pratical reference value when financial institutes want to do the sustainable development.

本研究係透過聯合國氣候綱要公約在臺灣的實踐為個案研究來就環境政策形成過程為政治經濟分析。首先，先就環境問題的原因與特徵及國際環境意識形成的政治經濟因素為介紹。為了個案研究，也檢視了國際環境法在全球暖化議題的發展來了解國際的發展方向，再就臺灣的國內環境政策與國際環境政策為了解以提供本研究的背景資料。透過深度訪談來就組織、法令及政策來探討聯合國氣候綱要公約在臺灣的實踐。本研究發現，組織的設計仍有部分限制，相關法令尚未全面的檢視，政策則缺乏一上位的指導綱領。由於政治及經濟因素均對環境政策的發展扮演著重要的角色，臺灣未來有關全球暖化政策的發展取決於執政黨的決心與執行力。 / This study explores the political economy behind the environmental policy making process through a case study of Taiwan’s practice of the UNFCCC. First, this study analyzes the reasons and characteristics of environmental problems, as well as the political economy of the formation of international environment awareness. For the case study, the development of international environment law toward global warming is reviewed to clarify international trends in dealing with this problem. Next, the author analyzes two aspects of Taiwan’s environmental policy: domestic environmental policy and international environmental policy in the past fifty years to give background information of Taiwan’s global warming policy. Then, through in-depth interviews, an examination of organization, legislation, and policy aspects of the UNFCCC practice in Taiwan is conducted to understand how the policy implements. The conclusions are as followed: (1) Institution settings for Taiwan’s global warming policies still have some limitations and need to be reviewed. (2) Although some GHG reduction regulations have already been sent to the Legislative Yuan to be reviewed, the government has yet to carry out overwhelming legal evaluation in all aspects to address the climate change issues. (3) Policy lacks superior guidelines laying out the direction for whole country to follow and implement. After all, political and economic factors both play influential roles in the development of environmental policy. Taiwan’s future action regarding global warming still depends on the determination and executive ability of the new ruling party.

高密度發展的都市型態已成為世界各國為追求永續發展的都市規劃方式。對政策規劃者來說，他們關心的議題之一為高密度都市發展後房價的變動是否會影響居民對住的福利水準，過去文獻之實證研究亦發現高密度發展將產生房價上漲或下跌的效果，此引發本研究欲得知高密度指標對台北市房價將如何影響之動機。然而高密度都市發展政策的實施對各所得階層居民的影響為何若以普通最小平方迴歸分析將無法得知，所以本研究以分量迴歸進行分析，增加變數的可解釋能力。 因此本研究以台北市十二個行政區為空間範圍，利用民國九十三年至九十六年間共1268筆房屋交易實例案例，作為實證研究之樣本。主題變數方面以容積率、是否為住宅大樓及人口密度來分析各變數對房價之影響。藉由普通最小平方迴歸及分量迴歸分析結果發現，高密度之都市發展將造成住宅平均價格下跌，對中低總價住宅亦產生價格下跌的效果，因此高密度都市發展型態將增加居民福利水準，增進都市整體效益。 / Nowadays, most nations in the world has thought of the urban form of high density development as a mean to pursue sustainable development. For policy planner, what they care is whether high density development would influence residents about the variation of welfare for living. Literatures of past empirical research also show that high density development will have the effects of rising or falling on housing prices, which leads to the motive of this study and also leads to a better understanding of how high density indicators would impact housing prices in Taipei City. However, what’s the impact for every income class through the implication of this urban development policy is impossible to know if we use OLS models, therefore, our study adopts Quantile Regression to enhance the interpretable abilities for every variable. Accordingly, our study uses 1268 property-trading-records from 2004 to 2007 as samples, which all locate within 12 districts in Taipei City. We use floorage ratio, residential building and population density as main variables to analyze their impacts on housing prices. The result shows that high density development will both lead to falling of average housing prices and middle and low housing prices. Consequently, the urban form of high density development will enhance the level of residents’ welfare and improve the benefits for all urban area.

本研究將探討已處於穩定發展階段的個案企業，如何在競爭環境中設計定位出與製造服務業之客製化策略互相配合的策略，有效地將營運策略、擴大企業實力與規模經濟相互整合，從而尋求提高技術水準、工人素質、產品品質的有效途徑。本研究將做出整合企業內部核心競爭力的分析、競爭優勢在產品市場的表現、競爭劣勢、機會與威脅的分析比較，並篩選與執行適合本個案公司特色的營運策略，從而取得競爭優勢，獲得經營業績。 本研究從個案公司內外部競爭優劣勢分析及企業現階段的發展特色之中，篩選出與企業自身發展相配合的差異化策略，即客戶服務的差異化，使個案公司能比競爭對手更有效率地為買方提供更有附加價值的差異化產品、能夠有效做出產品品質的差異化、能將知識管理與人力資源管理有效地整合在一起，而使得人力資源管理成為了真正“策略管理”的核心，從而有效形成與營運策略互相吻合的動態組織結構。 本研究首先從三個維度（策略維度、文化維度、學習和創新維度），系統地對公司內部管理情況加以深入地分析，來研究所亟須解決的重要問題。本研究從策略維度研究企業的策略目標、組織結構、內部工作流程、內部資訊溝通、人力資源的開發與評估以及公司的制度建構；從文化維度來研究企業核心價值觀的確立，並運用深層思維的價值觀來打造企業不敗的竅門；從學習和創新的維度來研究建構出學習型組織對企業營運的重要意義。 本研究之重點由個案公司簡介及個案研究與分析所組成。個案公司簡介部分描述了致綺國際有限公司成立二十多年來的公司沿革、經營理念、公司定位、公司策略、策略執行、公司組織架構、 深圳公司組織架構、主要產品、美国BERGQUIST產品、主要客户、生產能力、銷售額、品質政策、品質目標、绝缘片產品作業流程、導熱片產品作業流程、品質控制流程圖、個案公司之終極學習標的:Brady公司簡介與經營歷程及經營績效，其中重點介紹了致勝深圳電器配件廠的經營方式與管理改善計劃。 個案公司簡介主要分四部分來加以闡述:一、致綺國際有限公司之公司沿革簡介，包括致綺國際有限公司各地公司之分佈及公司組織架構，致綺國際有限公司所生產之主要產品類別及銷售額等。二、深圳致勝電器配件廠組織架構之介紹。三、深圳致勝電器配件廠之生產系統及管理。四、從銷售情形、庫存狀況、毛利率及競爭優勢等構面闡述了致綺國際有限公司最近之營運績效。 個案研究與分析部分主要從管理持續改善的全方位角度，分析了致綺國際有限公司未來經營成功的關鍵性績效指標(Key Performance Index,KPI)如下:一、提升工程作業能力，以主動、迅速、正確，服務內外部客戶。二、持續提升生產效率，以正確（Q）、低成本（C）、迅速（D）之優勢來滿足客戶的需求。三、強化組織架構權責、人員培訓體系，以建立優質人力資源。四、強化資材供應與管理能力，以適質、適量、適價優勢提升競爭力。五、精實品質管理系統，以降低客戶抱怨。六、員工生活品質優化，以降低員工流動率。七、提高核心競爭優勢。八、強化企業文化與價值。九、強化企業領導模式。十、 強化產品資訊與客戶支援解決方案。十一、強化個案公司之市場目標。十二、有效強化管理、彈性應變與工程執行能力。十三、以客為尊，提高客戶滿意度，策略方向聚焦與定位於行銷服務業。十四、高素質的材料有效地支援了產品、元件及其他資產。十五、確保運用適當的員工，適時適地來強化安全性。十六、緊縮與裁撤不必要之間接部門，全面緊縮成本。十七、聚焦於利基市場及新產品，重新定位利基策略。十八、將公司的總管理處、研發設計、業務、財務儘量維持駐在地深圳。 / This thesis analyzes the corporate strategy of the case company Everfame International Co., Ltd, which becomes customized at a steady development stage gradually .How to propose a good corporate strategy according to the competitive environment and the company’s real status is the first priority of the case company. The key point is how to improve the quality level of the technology and production. It thoroughly is a critical issue for combining corporation strategy with building up the strength of the case company. This article combines company’s internal core competitiveness. It contains competitive strength、 competitive weakness、 opportunities and threats. The suitable strategy must be adaptive to the company’s real characteristic and strengthen to improve the company’s operational performance. A differentiation strategy is focused on the development of a product or service that offers unique attributes that are valued by customers, and the customers perceive to be better and different from the products of the competitive rivals. The value added by the uniqueness of the product may allow the case company to charge a premium price for it. The case company expects that the higher price will be more than covering the extra costs incurred in offering the unique product and service. Therefore, Using the above core competency, The case company can combine the unique domain knowledge and excellent human resource management to construct a dynamic and flexible organization , and focused on catching up the economic scale of their ultimate target: rolemodel company Brady as the long term visional mindset of The case company.

本研究旨在建構國民小學校園閒置空間永續發展評估指標及權重體系，作為推動校園閒置空間再利用之參考依據。研究以文獻分析為基礎，初擬校園閒置空間永續發展評估指標，採專家問卷、模糊德爾菲問卷和層級分析法問卷為研究工具進行調查。研究對象共22位專家學者，資料分析首先利用改良「雙三角模糊數」之模糊德爾菲整合專家對指標重要性之看法並篩選評估因子，最後運用Expert Choice 2000軟體進行統計分析以建立各項指標之權重，完成國民小學校園閒置空間永續發展評估指標。 本研究獲得主要結論如下：國民小學校園閒置空間永續發展評估指標，含3大層面、8大指標共30個評估因子，其整體權重高低排序如下： 一、三大層面依權重高低排序為：環境面（41.5％）、經濟面（30.8％）、 社會面（27.7％）。 二、八大指標依權重高低排序為：價值效益（17.4％）、生態保育（15.5％）、健康環境（14.4％）、綠色消費（13.4％）、永續經營（12.4％）、環境規劃（11.6％）、社會教育的功能（11.2％）、社區發展（4.1％）。 三、三十個評估因子依權重高低排序前五名為：校舍動靜分區配置（9.1％）、保水設施（5.6％）、基地開發之干擾及衝擊（5.4％）、生物多樣性（5.4％）、室內物理環境（5.3％）。 最後，本研究依據研究結果提出建議，提供未來行政單位檢視校園閒置空間再利用評估及結果的有效性的參考。 / A Study of Evaluation Indicators on Sustainable Development for Vacant School Space in Elementary Schools Abstract The purpose of this study is to construct the evaluation indicators and their associated priority weights on sustainable development for elementary vacant school space. The results of the study can be the reference for promoting the reuse of vacant school space. At first, the study is based on the analysis of documents to establish relevant evaluation indicators about vacant school space. And this study adopts three research methods: expert survey, Fuzzy Delphi and AHP to survey. The research invites 22 education-related experts to form a team as the study object. First, in order to select the applicable indicators, the individual answers of experts are analyzed by “double triangle fuzzy technique”. By using this technique, opinions about important indicators evaluated by experts are integrated; and meantime, the factors are screened. Finally, Expert Choice 2000 software is used to process statistic analysis to set up priority weights of various indicators. In this way, the evaluation indicators on sustainable development for elementary vacant school space are established. The main conclusion which this study obtained is as follows: The evaluation indicators of sustainable development for elementary vacant school space include three dimensions, eight indicators, and thirty evaluation factors. The priority weights of all evaluation indictors are described in order as follows: 1.The priority weights of three dimensions are environmental dimension（41.5％）, economical dimension（30.8％）, and social dimension（27.7％） 2.The priority weights of eight indicators are valuing benefit（17.4％）, ecological conservation（15.5％）, healthy environment（14.4％）, green consumption（13.4％）, sustainable development management（12.4％）, environmental planning（11.6％）, the function of social education（11.2％）, and community development （4.1％）。 3.The priority weights of thirty evaluation factors are the allocation of noisy and quiet areas of school（9.1％）, facilities of water content（5.6％）, the disturbance and impact of the development about vacant school space（5.4％）, ecological variety（5.4％）, and biological surroundings indoors（5.3％）. Finally, according to the research results, some suggestions are offered to educational administration to review the effects and evaluation results of reusing vacant school space in the future.

台灣養殖漁業自1970年代起，進入快速成長時期，而在1980年代為台灣養殖漁業全盛時期，造就台灣成為「養蝦王國」、「養殖王國」揚名國際之美名，也為台灣沿海農漁村地區開拓新的漁業契機，而讓農漁民累積不少財富，故當時養殖漁業儼然成為台灣農業結構上重要之一環，對繁榮沿海農村經濟，安定農村社會，極具貢獻。 然而，諷刺的是，1980年代卻也是台灣耕地轉供養殖池之情況快速蔓延的時代，形成台灣沿海逐漸形成養殖區域性發展，卻也因為養殖漁業對於水土資源超限使用下，而超抽地下水而引起地層下陷及地下水體汙染等永世災難及耕地轉供養殖池諸多問題產生，導致環境不永續之後果，值得謀求解決之道。 本研究以質化研究中之個案研究法，以永續發展理念為基礎，運用文獻分析法及深度訪談法交互分析。先探討台灣養殖漁業管理及養殖漁業用地管理制度之演進及衍生出問題；再以宜蘭縣五結鄉季新村、錦眾村個案研究地區，深入探討台灣及宜蘭養殖漁業發展牽動五結鄉養殖區範圍擴散之可能原因及其影響，並就其耕地轉供養殖池之產業營運、違規使用、養殖環境轉變、養殖池棄養等不永續利用問題予以分析，最後提出「台灣養殖漁業與其用地管理制度改進策略」及「五結鄉養殖漁業與用地管理策略」。 經由研究發現，台灣超抽地下水及地層下陷問題最為嚴重之縣市，申請經營養殖漁業竟不需審核地下水之合法用水資格，而經個案地區研究也發現台灣及宜蘭養殖漁業發展牽動五結鄉耕地轉供養殖池之擴散，而經耕地轉供養殖池後，在養殖漁業沒落後，欲將棄養養殖池回復耕作環境困難重重，當地逐漸形成一片荒涼景象。 最後建議政府漁業單位應設計優良養殖環境之制度，即應先規劃養殖生產區並『主動』興建完成養殖專用之進水（海水、地下水）、排水之共同管線系統等相關養殖公共設施，並劃為非都市土地使用分區「養殖漁業生產區」（建議新增非都市土地使用分區），而該分區內之養殖池，有別於一般農地申請做養殖池，不應依據相同之法令規範，應放寬該養殖生產區內養殖池就地合法或是簡易申請程序以方便並快速取得合法養殖之資格，以有效管理養殖漁業減少違規使用情形發生及促進養殖漁業朝向永續發展方向邁進，並促進水土資源永續性利用。另建議政府漁業單位經全面性可行性評估後，認為不適合繼續養殖之地區應投入資源積極輔導該地區轉型，協助並引導該地區轉供較為永續利用之方向（如生態旅遊等）。 / Since 1970's the aquaculture develops rapidly in Taiwan, and becomes pre-vailing as the golden age of the aquaculture fishery in the 1980's. At that time Taiwan is well known of the kingdom of shrimp and aquaculture fishery in the world, and fishermen and farmers near the coast areas gain a new chance of incomes, so aquaculture fishery has become a very important chain of Taiwan's agriculture. It also has great contribution to flourishing village's economy and society stabilization. However, ironically, in 1980's many farms become aquaculture ponds quickly, that result in regional development of aquaculture fishery along the coast of Taiwan gradually, but overuse the resource of water and soil. Tapping groundwater inappropriately causes terrible disaster which lead to land subsi-dence and contamination of groundwater. The conversion of farms to aquacul-ture ponds cause many problems, that leads to environment being not sustaina-ble. There is an urgent need to find out relevant solutions. This research is based on two cases study the ideas of sustainable develop-ment.We adopt the modes of literature review and analysis, and depth interview. Firstly, we inquire into management system of the aquaculture industry and aq-uacultural land and the regarding problems. Secondly, we select the areas of Ji-sin village and Jin-jhong villege in Wujie Township Yilan County , in order to thoroughly inquire into possible reasons and influences that how aquaculture development in Yilan County and Wujie Township lead to the spreading of the areas for aquaculture production zone.Thirdly, we analyse problems of being not sustainable use of resources, such as the operation of the aquaculture pond, violating the rules of farmland use, changes of the cultivation environment, dis-card of aquaculture pond etc. Lastly, we put forth improvement strategies of aquaculture and its land management system both in Wujie Township and Tai-wan. Through the research, we find in counties with the most serious problems of tapping groundwater inappropriately and land subsidence in Taiwan, the gov-ernment doesn't need to examine the legality qualifications of the groundwater use when people apply for aquaculture fishery.We also find that aquaculture development in Yilan and Taiwan result in farmland conversion into aquaculture pond in the areas of Wujie Township . Because it is very difficult to make dis-carding aquaculture pond return to farmland, the region becomes a slice of desolate prospects gradually when the aquaculture decline. Finally, we suggest the Fishery Bureau of Government should design better institution for aquaculture environment. That is, they should plan for aquaculture production zone first and build public facilities of aquaculture fishery, such as the common pipeline system of using sea and groundwater for aquaculture fishery .The government should review the classification of non-urban land usage since the attributes of aquaculture ponds in "Aquaculture Production Zone" are different from others. In order to manage aquaculture fishery effec-tively, we also give some suggestions concerning decrease the occurrence of violating the rules, promoting the aquaculture fishery moving forward to sus-tainable development, and improving the sustainable use of water and soil re-source. We think to simplify application procedure of getting legal qualifications for aquaculture fishery may is not the best way but is an easy way to solve problems currently. Another suggestion is that after comprehensive feasibility evaluations, the Fishery Bureau of Government should actively invest adminis-tration resource to help areas that are not suitable for being use of aquaculture pond transferring to sustainable use, such as ecotourism etc.

在十九世紀早期工業革命時期，工業國家的主要城市如倫敦、紐約與巴黎，都經歷了快速的都市成長。大量的勞工湧入城市，後來都經歷了由政府主導的大規模都市更新。透過區域、經濟與產業發展，與都市更新、都市再生策略緊密結合，城市競爭力將建立在城市空間的再生之上。 區域與城市經濟結構的重組，使得原本城市車站做為製造業中心或集散中心的功能漸漸消失或沒落。老舊城市的車站周邊出現大量公有/私有閒置建築和土地，或是商圈產業的沒落與凌亂，還有空間上的無組織與去中心化，艋舺商圈正是處在如此的時空之中。 今萬華車站的新建與捷運的連結，以及商圈再造計畫，似乎將為艋舺地區注入一線希望；然而夕陽產業除了觀光資源之外，是否能迎接大量觀光客的衝擊，或是能否承受新產業的入駐；產業聚落的轉型是必然的過程，其須成為能支撐城市發展、創造就業機會的新產業，且城市空間也需要尋求新的意義定位與吸引新住民的進入，都市再生的過程進而能透過中心車站的重新發展，逐步轉為重視歷史文化、街區紋理、文化創意、引進投資與創業機會等等，讓老舊的街區重新轉型。 透過產業群聚理論及地方經濟發展體系架構，以都市再生策略研究艋舺商圈區內產業聚落與空間連結關係，進而分析艋舺商圈產業與未來經濟發展之網絡與空間樣貌；以中萬華的艋舺商圈，從歷史地理脈絡、傳統/創意產業、基地空間特性、規劃政策與實施框架等面向，梳理台北市如何從老舊街區串連多元空間/產業網絡而讓都市再生成為永續發展的城市。

永續發展為一個多樣性的概念，包括生態、經濟、社會、政治、科技等不同領域，皆對永續發展有不同角度的切入與解讀；在各國均以永續發展做為環境管理與資源規劃的主要內涵時，如何轉換永續發展概念為實際衡量與操作指標，以作為邁向永續之政策基礎，永續性衡量工具之重要性不言可喻；而利用許多不同的方法來衡量永續發展，每一種衡量方法則提供了不同的訊息給有志於改善經濟體永續性的決策者。展望二十一世紀，台灣都市人口佔總人口比率將高達87%，都市化現象將更明顯，國民對生活環境品質水準之要求亦將隨之提昇；而台北市為台灣的首善之都，人口密度高達每平方公里9,714人，近年來人口成長趨勢雖然趨於緩和，但是高密度的人口聚集已為台北市帶來基礎建設及環境品質的負面影響。如何運用永續性衡量工具衡量人類生活的重心－都市，建立監測機制與研擬引導都市發展之策略，儼然成為一刻不容緩的課題。 基於資料取得與相關研究的經驗，本研究提出四個衡量台北市永續性的分析工具，所選擇的方法包括綜合面向指標的「永續性指標」(sustainability indicator)、環境向度的「生態足跡」(ecological footprint)分析與「環境空間」(enviromental space)指標，以及生態經濟面向的「生態效率」(eco-efficiency)，多面向地衡量台北市的永續性趨勢，以提供都市永續發展的決策預警、決策檢討與決策引導之功能。 本研究內容主要分成四個部份：第一部份介紹永續發展概念之意涵與都市永續性之操作性定義及要件；第二部份描述本文所使用的四個工具之方法論，先從文獻回顧中歸納出四個衡量工具的理論基礎，繼而尋求適合本研究領域的架構與指標內涵；第三部份則依所建立的理論基礎與架構，進行台北市的永續性衡量之實證分析；最後以台北市的實證分析結果，對所選擇的永續性衡量工具進行綜合分析討論，探討其在永續性衡量上的適用性與限制條件。 研究分析結果顯示，在永續性指標方面，台北市在生活舒適、交通便捷與教育文化方面有些許的改善，而社會安全一項則惡化；生態足跡分析結果，台北市生態足跡有逐年擴大的趨勢，所產生的生態赤字也相對增加，意謂著台北市利用消費密集的特性，挪用了其他國家或地區的生態生產力土地面積逐年擴增；環境空間的分析，則顯示了台北市在能源環境空間與陸域資源環境空間屬於不永續的情況，而為達永續發展目的所必須進行「減量配額」則明顯高於台灣與歐洲；生態效率觀念則提供了台北市在都市政策制定的基準，以及衡量永續經濟發展的新思維。

工業革命後傳統經濟發展模式成功地使經濟活動與經濟成長成為世界上大多數國家的政治議題，但大量提高產業生產的結果使得地球上的資源消耗與廢棄物製造量所造成的生態耗損速度遠超過自然再生速度。另一方面，由於「科技」與「貿易」的影響，生物新陳代謝加諸於人類的負荷將透過產業的新陳代謝更形擴大，在高度工業化國家物質消費程度與形式更受到消費主義的鼓舞，形成毫無節制的消費與浪費。近年來台灣地區加入世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization， WTO）引起廣泛的環境與貿易議題的討論，其中農業議題尤為顯著，究竟台灣地區加入WTO後之農地轉用政策是否可使土地資源利用達到永續經營之目標，引發本研究之研究動機。 本研究以生態足跡分析及貿易與永續發展相關理念為基礎，以1991到1996年台灣地區的農業產業做為研究的時空範圍，進行台灣地區耕地與牧草地生態足跡之實證計算並加以分析。在理論方面，首先就永續性之整體面向及各別領域面向推論出生態經濟學之定義符合整體面向之強永續性觀念；其次重新思考人類容受力定義，非以支持最大人口數（單位：人╱土地）而是轉向計算某一族群在持續基礎下生產所有消費物質及消化所有廢棄物所需的土地及水域面積（單位：土地╱人）之生態足跡（ecological footprint）觀念；在貿易與永續發展理念推論部份，則以IISD（1994、1995）、ICTSD（1995）及Cosbey（1998）等之相關研究作為理論基礎；最後，結合生態足跡、貿易及永續發展三者之理論。 在實證方面，本研究修正國內外多項研究後，重新定義符合台灣地區之生態足跡計算項目，並計算台灣地區1991到1996年農業（耕地與牧草地）之生態足跡，得知台灣地區農業消費中佔耕地生態足跡比例較重的項目分別為稻米、其他作物、豆類、種子油及進出口紗布、紡織製成品、成衣及服飾品及鞋類等五項，而影響台灣地區農業之牧草地生態足跡面積較大的因子包括羊毛及皮革、獸皮兩項；將這些項目與行政院農委會WTO農業因應對策項目對照後，發現影響最大的兩項分別為稻米及農園特產之豆類；因此本研究就稻米與豆類兩項產業加入WTO前後對台灣地區生態足跡、生態標竿、及生態赤字之影響進行進一步研究，並分析該兩項產業完全轉用為非農業使用與完全無轉用對生態足跡之影響，以評估該兩項產業加入WTO是否為一永續性策略。 本研究的研究結果發現，不論是稻米或豆類，其生態足跡與耕地生態標竿間的差距在無論有無造成農地轉用的情形下，都對該值影響不大，亦即不因加入WTO而有所改變。就生態足跡的理念觀之，若加入WTO使進口量增加的結果造成產業生產力提昇、進口產業以內銷為主、對國內生產量影響程度愈大，相對生態足跡面積降低程度愈大者及農地轉用為同類別使用等這四種影響的情形之下，則台灣地區加入WTO可視為永續性策略。 / After the Industrial Revolution, traditional economic development models have successfully made economic activities and economic growth a political issue for most countries around the world. However, with the greatly enhanced industrial productivity has come instensified uses of the resources of the earth, and the ecological depletion rate resulting from solid waste volumes has far exceeded nature's regenerative capacities. On the other hand, due to the influence of technology and trade, the natural biological metabolism, already carrying a human load, is being expanded and intensified by the industrial metabolism. In highly industrialized countries, the degree and form of material consumption has been inspired by consumerism, engendering virtually unlimited consumption and waste. In recent years, while Taiwan has been seeking to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), there have been pervasive discussions on the subject of trade and the environment. Among these, agricultural issues have been prevalent. Should Taiwan join the WTO, will the farmland transformation policy permit land resource usage to meet the objectives for sustainable development? This question is the motivation for this dissertation. This dissertation is based on the ecological footprint analysis, along with trade and sustainable development theories. The timeframe for reseach extends from 1991 to 1996, focussing on Taiwan's agricultural industry. Ecological footprint analyses were calculated based on factual evidence/data from Taiwan's arable land and pasture land. In terms of applied theories, first, considering both the comprehensive entirety as well as individual discrete segments, we conclude that the definitions of eco-economics are in agreement with the concept of the strong sustainability. Next, we reconsider the definition of human carrying capacity, not basing this concept on the support of a maximum population base (Unit: per capita/ha), but rather on the calculation of the land and water needed by a certain group (Unit: ha/per capita), existing on a continuous base, to effectively produce all consumer materials and absorb all solid waste. In respect to trade and sustainable development theories, we use related studies such as IISD（1994、1995）, ICTSD（1995）, and Cosbey（1998） to be our theoretical base. Finally, we combine the three theoretical constructs, namely the concept of the ecological footprint, trade, and sustainable development. In carrying out our research on factual evidence/data, this dissertation modifies research previously conducted by a number of researchers. We redefine the calculation parameters for Taiwan's ecological footprint, finely calculating the ecological footprint for the agriculture industry (arable land and pasture land) for Taiwan in the 1991 to 1996 period. We learn that in terms of agricultural usage and consumption in Taiwan, the five key items with the largest shares of the arable land footprint are: rice, other cereals, pulses, seed oils, and import/export textile yarn, fabrics, articles of apparel and clothing accessories, footwear. Factors demonstrating the greatest influence on Taiwan's pasture land ecological footprint are: wool and leather, and animal hides. When we compare these findings with policies of the Council of Agriculture for entering into the WTO, we confirm that rice and pulses are indeed the two items of greatest importance. Therefore, this dissertation will focus on the rice and pulses industry before and after entering into the WTO, and on their influence on Taiwan's ecological footprint, ecological benchmark, and ecological deficit. We will also analyze possible consequences should these two industries be transformed to non-agricultural uses, or, if no such changes are instituted, what the consequences will be for Taiwan's ecological footprint. Based on these findings, we will evaluate whether the allowance of entry of these two industries into the WTO is a sustainable strategy. Our research findings reveal that, whether or not we transform farmlands from the rice and pulses industries, there will be no significant impacts on the anticipated gap between the ecological footprint and the arable land ecological benchmark. This means there will be no significant change should there be entering into the WTO. Thus, from the perspective of ecological footprint analysis, if we join the WTO and the result is an increase in imports, this will enhance our industrial productivity; imported items will be fully consumed domestically; the greater the influence on domestic production volumes the greater the decrease in the ecological footprint area; and, farmlands will be transformed to non-agricultural uses. Because of the above four factors, it can be said that joining the WTO will probably be considered as a policy of sustainability. 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究目的與內容 5 第三節 研究流程與問題限制 9 第二章 基本理念與文獻評析 13 第一節 永續性理念及知識性工具 13 第二節 永續發展評估工具－生態足跡分析 26 第三節 貿易與永續發展關係之研究 44 第四節 生態足跡的比較利益基礎 57 第五節 永續發展與WTO環境與貿易議題之探討 63 第三章 永續發展與WTO相關農業議題探討 69 第一節 台灣地區加入WTO各項農業議題之協定 69 第二節 台灣地區加入WTO各項農業議題之對策 84 第三節 台灣地區加入WTO農業議題對永續發展之影響 94 第四章 台灣地區農業生態足跡分析實證研究 99 第一節 生態足跡分析架構之建立 99 第二節 台灣地區歷年農業生態足跡評估 109 第三節 台灣地區農業生態標竿之建立與生態足跡分析結果 118 第五章 台灣地區稻米及農園特產之生態足跡與WTO農業相關議題之探討.124 第一節 台灣地區農業生態足跡與WTO農業議題對應項目分析 124 第二節 台灣地區因應加入WTO農業議題對應項目與台灣地區稻米及農園特產生態足跡影響因子分析 130 第六章 加入WTO對台灣地區永續發展影響之探討 142 第一節 以生態足跡觀點解讀加入WTO是否為永續性策略 142 第二節 以貿易與永續發展原則檢視台灣地區加入WTO是否為永續性策略 146 第七章 結論與建議 149 第一節 結論 149 第二節 後續研究建議 154