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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

工商及服務業普查資料品質之研究 / Data quality research of industry and commerce census

邱詠翔 Unknown Date (has links)
資料品質的好壞會影響決策品質以及各種行動的執行成果,所以資料品質在近年來越來越受到重視。本研究包含了兩個資料庫,一個是產業創新調查資料庫,一個是95年工商及服務業普查資料庫,資料品質的好壞對一個資料庫來說也是一個相當重要的議題,資料庫中往往都含有錯誤的資料,錯誤的資料會導致分析結果出現偏差的狀況,所以在進行資料分析之前,資料清理與整理是必要的事前處理工作。 我們從母體資料分佈與樣本資料分佈得知,在清理與整理資料之前,平均創新員工人數為92.08,平均工商員工人數為135.54;在清理與整理資料之後,我們比較兩個資料庫員工人數的相關性、相似性、距離等性質,結果顯示兩個資料庫的資料一致性極高,平均創新員工人數與平均工商員工人數分別為39.01與42.12,跟母體平均員工人數7.05較為接近,也顯示出資料清理的重要性。 本研究使用的方法為事後分層抽樣,主要研究目的是要利用產業創新調查樣本來推估95年工商及服務業普查母體資料的準確性。產業創新調查樣本在推估母體從業員工人數與母體營業收入方面皆出現高估的狀況,推測出現高估的原因是產業創新調查母體為前中華徵信所出版的五千大企業名冊為母體底冊,而工商及服務業普查企業資料為一般企業母體底冊。因此,我們利用和產業創新調查樣本所相對應的工商普查樣本做驗證,發現95年工商及服務業普查樣本與產業創新調查樣本的資料一致性極高。 / Data quality is good or bad will affect the decision quality and achievements in the implementation of various actions, so the data quality more and more attention in recent years. This study consists of two databases, one is the industrial innovation survey database, another is the industry and commerce census database in ninety five years. Data quality is good or bad of a database is also a very important issue, the database often contain erroneous information, incorrect information will result in bias of the analysis results. So before carrying out data analysis, data cleaning and consolidation is necessary. We can know from the parent and the sample data distribution. Before data cleaning and consolidation, the average number of innovation employees is 92.08, and the average number of industrial-commerce employees is 135.54. After data cleaning and consolidation, we compare the correlation, similarity, and distance of the number of employees in two databases. The results show the data consistency of the two databases is very high, the average number of innovation employees is 39.01, and the average number of industrial-commerce employees is 42.12, it is closer to the average number of parent employees 7.05. This also shows the importance of data cleaning. Method used in the study is post-stratified sampling, the main research objective is to use industrial innovation survey sample to estimate the data accuracy of the industry and commerce census in ninety five years. Use industrial innovation survey sample to estimate the number of employees and operating revenue in the industry and commerce census in ninety five years are both overestimated, we guess the reason is that the parent of the industrial innovation survey is five thousand large enterprises published by China Credit Information, and the parent of the industry and commerce census is general enterprises. Therefore, we use the corresponding industry and commerce census sample for validation. The results show that the data consistency of the industrial innovation survey sample and the industry and commerce census sample in ninety five years is very high.
122

藥業經營者面對二代健保實施的因應措施 / The Counter Strategies of Pharmaceuticals Leaders Address to the Implementation of 2nd Generation National Health

陳光冠 Unknown Date (has links)
全民健康保險自1995年三月實施,提昇國人健康及疾病治療水準,有其正面的貢獻,但也影響了醫療相關的從業者甚巨。藥品的費用占率約全部健保費用的百分之二十五,是除了醫事服務相關費用之外,占率最高的費用。健康保險局,收支潛在的赤字在健保實施次年後已浮現,隨即採用多種藥費及藥價控管措施。新藥核價過低、過程耗時;已上市的藥品,除每兩年健保局的藥價調查後的全面性調降,和不定時的異常品項調查外,尚需面臨客戶端再次降價的要求。對於藥業營運已有顯著的負面影響。 再者現行的健保制度,保證醫療院所藥品的申報一律為健保給付價,無論其以多低的價格採購,中間的價差利潤皆歸之所有,俗稱藥價黑洞,外界難以了解其對醫療體系的運作的重要性,一味的譴責之!事實上於現行總額給付實施之下,可彌補醫療院所健保給付不足所造成的營運困難,使民眾得以持績享受價平質佳的醫療照護。然負面影響為無法提昇病患痊癒效率,也對醫事人員專業的養成,及産業的發展伏下隱憂。健保制度沿於現有的法源,法源不改,扭曲的現象續存,最終的受害者為全體民眾。 二代健保法於2011年元月立法院三讀通過。產業環境的遊戲規則勢必改變。經由訪談,二十家不同類型的藥品供應廠商的經營領導者,於新的健保法實施之際的應變措施,且其合計市占率已超過整體藥品市場的41 %。由深度訪談中,可了解不同類型的廠商,對新制度的看法及其因應措拖的異同,再佐以近代管理學的概念檢視對照不同的領導風格,推估其和產業的特性及未來發展生存之道的關連性,或許可提供予産業長遠發展的建議。 歸納本研究的重要結論為:台灣藥業環境變動是漸進的,易被輕忽影響度;且從事藥業廠商者眾不易形成共識,很難共同努力改善環境不利的變動;依靠新産品的開發取得,是藥業重要成長的策略。於經營者的研究結論:發現大多數的領導者的强項為執行力及銷售力,這可能和産品生命週期長,進入門檻高有關;但因之不利改變慣例,跳脱舒適圈,將公司導向更兼具靈活彈性又與環境更符合的營運模式。未來成長的契機在於領導者洞悉未來的趨勢;藥業營造有利趨勢,在於跳脱近親繁殖,取法於外。 / National Health Insurance has been launched on March, 1995. It has been recognized as the safeguard to the improvement for all country’s residents. The financial burden of BNHI has struggled to balance its books from early on. Drug costs contributed about 25% of NHI healthcare spending, therefore is controlled mainly through pricing and reimbursement policy, particularly the regular rounds of price cut. The current system allows health providers gain profit from drug purchasing under negotiations with pharmaceutical companies which subsidizes the insufficient reimbursement for other service to patients. All these system hamper the healthcare industry sound growth. Without healthcare reform cannot correct the system toward healthier operation. Winder reform in the shape of 2G NHI Act was finally passed by the Legislative Yuan in January 2011. The future NHI scheme will change in many areas. In order to understand the counter actions from pharmaceutical industry, the study is designed to interview 20 leaders in Rx companies which included different types such as MNC, domestic and agencies. The overall revenue from the 20 companies shared over 41% in Taiwan pharmaceutical industry. The study will compare and analyze the difference from each company’s actions toward the future change, from results to use modern business scholarship theory checking any particular similarity within the industry. The main findings of the study are 1) The change of environment is easily been neglected for moving slowly and gradually, 2) To shape environment toward the positive side is difficult since hard to have consensus within industry, 3) Introduction of new products is the main growth strategy, 4) The most strength leadership capability from the interviewees is the execution, and the possible explanations are longer products life cycle plus higher entry barriers from new competitors. The downside of this type of leadership is hard to flexibly move fast in developing new business model to match the environment evolution. In-depth understanding trend of leaders will be the key of future success. The industry might learn from other industries to shape the environment more effectively.
123

模糊卡方適合度檢定 / Fuzzy Chi-square Test Statistic for goodness-of-fit

林佩君, Lin,Pei Chun Unknown Date (has links)
在資料分析上,調查者通常需要決定,不同的樣本是否可被視為來自相同的母體。一般最常使用的統計量為Pearson’s 統計量。然而,傳統的統計方法皆是利用二元邏輯觀念來呈現。如果我們想要用模糊邏輯的概念來做樣本調查,此時,使用傳統 檢定來分析這些模糊樣本資料是否仍然適當?透過這樣的觀念,我們使用傳統統計方法,找出一個能處理這些模糊樣本資料的公式,稱之為模糊 。結果顯示,此公式可用來檢定,模糊樣本資料在不同母體下機率的一致性。 / In the analysis of research data, the investigator often needs to decide whether several independent samples may be regarded as having come from the same population. The most commonly used statistic is Pearson’s statistic. However, traditional statistics reflect the result from a two-valued logic concept. If we want to survey sampling with fuzzy logic concept, is it still appropriate to use the traditional -test for analysing those fuzzy sample data? Through this concept, we try to use a traditional statistic method to find out a formula, called fuzzy , that enables us to deal with those fuzzy sample data. The result shows that we can use the formula to test hypotheses about probabilities of various outcomes in fuzzy sample data.
124

制度變遷、社會資本與政治參與間關係 / The Relationships among Institutional change, Social Capital and Political Participation

張芳華, Jhang, Fang Hua Unknown Date (has links)
台灣民主轉型的成功除執政菁英的主動變革外,公民參與政治和支持改革亦有其重要性。有鑑於逐年下滑的投票率和工具性社團參與率,本研究主要從制度變遷與社會資本論點來進行探討,以縣市層次制度變項為自變項,三類型社會資本為中介變項,投票與競選活動參與為依變項,目的在了解於民主鞏固時期前後,社會資本的分佈狀況和影響社會資本、政治參與的因素,以提升民眾的社會和政治參與。中介變項與依變項資料來自1993年與2005年台灣社會變遷調查資料(TSCS),自變項資料整合自臺灣地區社會意向調查、各縣市社福資訊與政大選研中心資料庫,主要採用多層次迴歸與邏輯迴歸分析模型來分析資料。 在社會資本分布變化上,結合式社會資本與工具性社參未有顯著改變,情感性社參則顯著增加。相較於情感性社團參與,工具性社團參與的比例較高,在兩個年代中,民眾參與工具性社團比例約在22%左右。在社團內異質性資源分佈上,不同社團的年齡異質性與性別異質性隨不同時期而有所變化。相對地,各類社團在成員的教育、收入與族群組成上反而較為穩定。由於在2005年,民眾教育與收入顯著較1993年為高,意謂著在民主鞏固時期,團體參與者可接觸的社團內異質性資源較多。 並非所有社會資本皆受外在制度所影響,研究結果顯示出國家制度較難影響立基於儒家文化的結合式社會資本。在民主鞏固時期前,縣市執政評價氛圍與生活扶助資源如理論所預期,可影響民眾的情感性社會參與,但其影響力似乎亦有減弱情形。一致性社福資源雖對工具性社團參與有跨期影響力,但卻產生資源排擠效果,而非是資源溢注效果。 政治態度論與社會資本論皆能部份說明為何民眾要參與兩類傳統政治活動,但相較於投票,參與競選活動屬於較耗費成本的參與行為,因此個體資源論較能解釋競選活動的參與。以多層次中介分析步驟檢視縣市制度變項對政治參與的作用後,證實了制度論的作用。在制度變項可能透過社會資本影響政治參與的三條中介路徑,僅一條路徑得到實證上支持。在2005年,縣市急難救助資源可透過工具性社團參與進而影響競選活動參與。 制度變遷的觀點能說明不同時期情感性社團參與和投票的變化。傳統文化價值觀的現代化改變了縣市執政評價氛圍對情感性社團參與的作用。隨著非正式制度環境的改變,情感性社團參與對競選活動參與的作用亦可能隨之改變。而隨著社會福利政策綱領的施行,人均生活扶助資源量的提升,則促進個人的投票行為。總言之,中央政府應注意自身的施政效能,並透過社福資源的適度分配,來促進民眾的社會參與與政治參與行為。 / The success of the transition to democracy in Taiwan should attribute not only to the active reform of the ruling party' cadre, but also to citizens’ participation and political support for the political reformer. In view of the gradual declining turnout rate and instrumental group participation rate, the study tends to describe the distribution of social capital, and explore the potential factors influencing social capital and political participation before and after democratic consolidation period. The paper’s framework from the perspective of institutional change and social capital treats institutional change as the independent variable, three kinds of social capital as the mediated variable, and voting and electoral campaign participation as dependent variables. The study mainly applies the multilevel linear regression and logistic regression model to analyze the mediated and dependent variables from the Taiwan Social Change Survey in 1993 and 2005, separately. As for independent variables, the data is integrated from the Social Image Survey, the social welfare report across counties, and online database of election study center in national Chengchi University. As far as the distribution of social capital is concerned, the results show that the distribution of bonding social capital and instrumental group participation do not have significant change between 1993 and 2005. Compared with participation in 1993, in 2005, the increase of this emotional group participation is apparent. In both year, the instrumental group participation rate is about 22% and is higher than the emotional group participation. In the distribution of diverse resources within groups, age diversity and sex diversity change a lot as the time went by. In contrast, education diversity, income diversity and ethnicity diversity stay stable between groups. In comparison with 1993, people in 2005 have higher education and income level, resulting in the increase of group members’ education and income level. It means that in the democratic consolidation period, it is probable for group participators to approach more diverse resources existing within groups . The effect of institutional variables on the three kinds of social capital is not as same as previous literatures report. Bonding social capital based on confucianism is difficult to be enhanced by the national institutions. Before the democratic consolidation, the effect of living assistance resources, and the atmosphere where people are satisfied with the central government performance which is consistent with theoretical prediction affects people’s participation in the emotional group. However, the effect seems to weaken gradually at the later period. Universal social welfare resources influence the instrumental group participation across different periods, but the negative effect belongs to the crowing out effect rather than the crawling back effect. Political attitudes theory and social capital theory both can partly account for why people participate in these two kinds of traditional political activities. Individual resources theory is suitable for explaining the participation of electoral campaign in that it takes people much more time and cost to engage in the electoral campaign participation than in voting. After examing the effect of institutional variables at the county-level on the political participation through the procedure of multilevel mediation analysis, the findings proven the argument of institution theory. Among the three potential mediation paths in which the institutional variables impact on the political participation through social capital, just one path is supported by the data. In 2005, emergent assistant resources can affect the electoral campaign through the instrumental group participation. The perspective of institutional change can explain the change of the emotional group participation and voting between 1993 and 2005. With the modernization of individual’s traditional attitudes, the county-level effect of evaluation of the central government on the participation in the emotional group is abated. It is probable that the effect of the emotional group participation on the electoral campaign participation differs according to the different environment of the informal institution The increase of living assistant resources per capita, because of the execution of the guiding principle of the social welfare policy, promote people’s voting significantly. In sum up, the attention should be paid by the central authority to strengthen the efficiency of the administration and distribute the social welfare resources appropriately based on the contemporary social condition, in order to improve people’s social participation and political participation.
125

寬頻入口網站之內容服務研究-以和信GiGiGaGa.com與東森ETWebs.com為例 / Inquiry to Content Service of Broadband Portal Site--take GiGiGaGa.com and ETWebs.com as Examples

許嘉惠, Hsu, Chia-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
寬頻服務的市場主要有二:一是寬頻上網服務;二是寬頻內容服務。國內的和信、東森兩家業者從有線電視產業跨足經營寬頻網路事業,正是因為手中握有「頻寬」跟「內容」的優勢。本文從「內容」的角度出發,探討兩家寬頻入口網站在內容服務過程中面臨到的各種議題,包括:網站的經營模式、網站內容服務、與內容供應商的合作、廣告業務經營,與網路調查公司的合作、以及未來的趨勢六個面向。 研究方法採文獻蒐集與深度訪談。文獻來源包括「產業競爭策略」、「網路內容服務」,與「網路廣告文獻」三種,以協助研究命題的發展。訪談對象則包括兩家個案公司在「網站行銷」、「網站內容」、「網路廣告」單位、以及一家「網路調查公司」的部門主管。而除了比較兩家網站在內容服務經營上的異同,也檢驗第二章的文獻探討作交叉分析。 在寬頻入口網站的「經營模式」及企業資源的運用上,和信傾向獨立經營網路事業,東森則是採整合行銷的傳播模式,並間接影響到網站在「內容供應」與「廣告業務」。在「內容服務」方面,兩家網站在內容規劃上多半參考國外網站,但在分類方式上並不相同。而在與「內容供應商」的合作則是十分多元化,包括傳統媒體與網路媒體。另外,在「廣告業務」及與「網路調查公司」的合作上,寬頻網站與窄頻網站的做法類似,尚無建立新的經營與合作模式。 本研究的結論有六點,分別是︰一、BISP與BICP應應同步發展,才有市場利基;二、應加強寬頻基礎建設以有利於寬頻服務的品牌推廣;三、應掌握寬頻使用者的喜好;四、寬頻網站的經營有賴於網路廣告主的支持;五、建立使用者付費為未來發展趨勢;六、未來應加強寬頻服務在電視介面的應用。最後,由於本論文牽涉的議題極廣,屬於初探性研究,因此期待後續研究者對於上述寬頻網站在內容服務的各項議題上有更深入的探討。
126

社會國原則、國家保護義務與弱勢者─以社會給付行政相關問題為中心 / The social state principle, state duty to protect and the disadvantaged- administrative issues of benefit payments for the spindle

林莅薰, Lin, Lih Shiun Unknown Date (has links)
從層出不窮的社會案件中,不難窺知,實務上社會給付行政,存有落實不力、進而對弱勢者造成諸多不利益影響之問題,誠揭櫫了,建立專屬於弱勢者社會給付之行政體系之必要性。然而,對於弱勢者社會給付行政體系之建立,首要前提便是─須確立對弱勢者族群,國家有給予較多之保護與保障之職責。據此,於憲法層次意義上的討論便格外具有其重要性。爰此,本文將主軸置於社會國原則之探討,以及國家保護義務之分析,並嘗試推敲二者間之相互關係為何,以作為對弱勢者保護之憲法基石。主要參酌德國法制實務與學理之探討,作為討論之軸心;並對照我國實務暨學理上的討論為統整融合。 奠定於社會國原則與國家保護義務所建構之憲法核心思維基礎後,本文認為進行關於弱勢者社會給付行政體系之建立,將更具正當性與合理性。復而秉持著上開憲法上中心思想,參酌比較法制度,針對社會給付行政實務中廣泛可見之行政指導,以及相對於傳統干預行政體系之社會給付行政特性,進行微調與修正。前者將以日本法制度為對照組;後者則以德國社會行政程序法為主要觀察對象,遂嘗試擬定一我國社會給付行政體系之雛型。嗣後並反觀我國法制度規範,推敲採納該體系之可行性與可效倣理由。 透過對弱勢者社會給付行政體系之憲法上社會國原則暨國家保護義務之基礎,以及行政法體系之雛型,解決目前實務可能發生之怠為/不為、錯誤之行政指導;民眾協力義務要求程度之疑問、機關職權調查之必要性;乃至於實體層面信賴保護原則之相關問題。另外,並針對協力義務與職權調查容忍義務部分,涉及社會給付與受領社會給付者之憲法基本權衝突的議題做一檢視;以及源自英美國家之「工作福利」(workfare)制度,立於憲法基本權侵害之切入視點,檢討納入我國社會給付行政制度之運行操作是否合適妥當。
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金融消費評議程序實務上重要問題之研究-以個案受理、調查及決定程序為中心 / Critical Issues on Financial Ombudsman Institution: Focus on Complaint Eligibility, Investigation and Determination Procedures

林岫璁, Lin, Hsiu Tsung Unknown Date (has links)
2012年在金融風暴與連動債事件之影響下,我國設立金融消費者保護專法引入金融消費評議制度,並成立財團法人金融消費評議中心,為我國金融消費保護開啟濃墨重彩的全新篇章。在我國眾多現存的替代紛爭解決機制中,金融消費評議機制可謂是別具特色,特殊的組織、新穎的程序進行方式,有別於法院,亦有別於其他ADR組織。金融消費評議程序大致上仿自英國金融公評人制度,混合部分我國相關法令規則設計而成,而在這五年的運行當中,評議程序是否發生問題、是否完全合於我國法制、國情?此即本文所欲研究之方向。 對於現行評議制度之檢討,本文以評議實務上之重要問題出發,提出四大問題方向,分別是以評議「前端程序、受理程序、調查程序、糾紛解決效力」為核心。本文並以我國法釋義、立法歷程研究、案例研究、學者論述研究、比較法例研究,包括英國、新加坡、澳洲等國金融ADR制度為主要研究方法,對以上議題分析並提出個人的觀察與淺見。 研究結論上,本文得出幾點具體建議與觀察成果:1、應立法授權主管機關建立金融服務業標準化之內部申訴制度,以強化申訴制度之效率與明確性;2、對於小額評議案件改採強制調處制度,以加強前端程序糾紛解決能量;3、評議制度應明文採取強制管轄模式,揚棄現行曖昧不明之立法模式;4、修整現行評議案件不受理條文,刪除當事人不適格情形,將同時將並行評議與訴訟或其他ADR程序納入不受理事由,並新增彈性不受理條款供金評中心裁量運用;5、強化金評中心事證調查權限,將調查範圍擴大至申請人造,並使違反法律效果明確化;6、解釋上,成立後核定前評議決定應具有和解契約效力。此外,於申請人縮減請求額度成立評議決定情形,應允許其對於縮減後真實損害餘額繼續訴訟救濟。
128

我國消費者保護官制度之研究 / The Research of our System of Consumer Ombudsman

邱惠美, Chiu,Fee Mei Unknown Date (has links)
由於生產技術日益精進,商品製造過程繁複,功能亦趨於複雜,導致商品潛在危險性昇高,加上產業結構多層化及行銷策略廣告化,以致責任體系模糊不清,而企業經營者更挾其鉅力萬鈞的經濟優勢,利用誇大不實的商業廣告,麻醉、鈍化消費者選購商品的能力,或因標示不實,欺騙、誤導消費者的認知,並產生種種危險,形成對於個人生命、身體、健康或財產上的威脅,造成消費者與企業經營者間的糾紛。由於企業經營者不但擁有雄厚人力、財力及資訊優勢,加上今日的生產過程,多具有高度技術性與高度複雜性,經濟上弱勢的消費者在私法體系中,無論在事前消費資訊獲得或事後爭議救濟過程上,並未擁有對等的地位,一旦在消費過程中遭遇到健康上或財產上的損害,很難循傳統之民事法律規範獲得有效救濟,也因為不容易獲得法律上的救濟,使得消費者對於維護自己的權益遭遇到困難,而怨聲四起。 因此先進國家無不以立法、司法及行政措施,來保護消費者應有之權利,透過政府公權力,提供一個便捷的管道,讓消費者得加以諮詢或申訴所遭遇到的消費爭議。台灣在消費者保護法(以下簡稱消保法)公布實施後,在立法上已經形成一個制度化的消費者保護體系,其中最特殊的就是設立消費者保護官(以下簡稱消保官)制度,當消費爭議發生時,透過申訴、調解程序,幫助消費者與企業經營者協商,以維護消費者之基本權益。 依北歐國家的法律規定,保護官(Ombudsman)指保護一般市民免受政治或行政權濫用之害,並為其權利守護神之官吏而言。北歐四國,即瑞典、挪威、丹麥及芬蘭,均只有一位消保官,且均為政府所任命,獨立行使職權,積極介入調查影響市場交易習慣之案件,以保護消費者權益,對良好市場交易習慣之建立,貢獻良多。瑞典係第一個成立消保官之國家,距今已有近40年之歷史,其雖僅有一位,然其位高、權重、受人敬重,主導整個國家之消費者政策及市場交易習慣,且整個消費者總署均為其輔佐幕僚。反觀我國,消保官設立至今已逾12年,然有關消保官之法規,除消保法之外,僅有消保官任用及職掌辦法、消保官執行職務應行注意事項、指揮消保官行使職權要點,是否符合行政程序法之規定,不無疑義。而各地方政府消保官之設置單位並不一致,有設於府本部,有設於法規會或法制室,亦有設於主秘室、建設局、企劃室或行政室等,此不僅反應消保官之定位不明,且導致消保官有將無兵,影響消費者保護工作之推展。目前包括中央及地方已有44位,行政上不僅無輔佐之幕僚人員,且須受上級長官之指揮監督,與北歐各國實不可同日而語。誠然兩者之任用資格及職掌並不完全相同,但會造成此種結果,實與整個國家之制度設計有相當大之關係。 本論文將先就北歐四國消保官設置之沿革、地位、運作、管轄、申訴及權限等作一簡介,其後論述我國消保官制度,俾比較兩者之異同,分析其優劣,以作為改進我國制度之參考。消保官之設置,既係消保法立法特色之一,亦為能否充分發揮保護消費者功能之主要關鍵所在。自第一位消保官就任以來,至今已逾12年,究竟消保官之制度與當初之設計是否吻合?該制度究竟是否有存在之必要?又如有存在之必要,是否有未盡完善之處?又如有未盡完善之處,究應如何改善?為期能有全盤及深入瞭解,爰就我國現行消保官制度之相關問題予以探討,並試擬消保官制度未來應發展之方向。
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銀行業防制洗錢及打擊資恐機制之實務探討 / A Study on the Practice of Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing of Banking Sector

謝雪妮, Hsieh, Hsueh-Ni Unknown Date (has links)
本國為因應2018年亞太防制洗錢組織(APG)相互評鑑事宜,相關單位陸續參照國際規範,如防制洗錢金融行動工作組織(FATF)2012年發布之「防制洗錢及打擊資恐與武器擴散國際標準40項建議」、巴塞爾銀行監理委員會(BCBS)2014年發布之「健全有關防制洗錢及打擊資恐之風險管理」文件等,以及他國作法進行有關防制洗錢及打擊資恐法制規約、監管措施及自律規範等之修正,並促請義務機構強化執行,以期順利通過第三輪相互評鑑。 銀行向為洗錢及資恐犯罪喜好之金流管道,基於銀行提供之金融服務具安全性、便利性及多元化、全球化等優點,不僅吸引一般金融消費者與銀行緊密往來,亦同時受到不良分子之青睞,致金融體系資源易遭不當利用。銀行為金融體系之核心主體,負有防制洗錢及打擊資恐之義務與責任,本文爰就銀行業防制洗錢及打擊資恐實務切入,針對本國銀行應採行之因應措施基本架構進行探討。 本文將先介紹FATF之評鑑流程及方法論,以立下銀行進行防制洗錢及打擊資恐工作之目標,復就達成前開目標為方向,引述金融機構防制洗錢及打擊資恐機制之國際標準,繼而回歸國內外對銀行實際作為之法規要求,試行建構銀行防制洗錢及打擊資恐基本機制,末則就銀行於執行面可改善空間提出重點觀察建議。 隨著工業4.0、Bank3.0及Fintech(金融科技)之快速演進,銀行客戶樣貌及交易型態正在改變,健全防制洗錢及打擊資恐機制是所有銀行業共同面臨之進階版挑戰,本文謹提出銀行機制基本實務報告,俾作為開展細緻化措施之參考。另本文為一般性原則之探討,並非針對特定機構主體之描述,併此敘明。 / For the Mutual Evaluation which will be conducted by the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) in 2018, basing on the following consulting international norms, such as “International Standards on combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation (The FATF Recommendations)” published by Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in 2012, “Sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism” published by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in 2014 and foreign advanced practices, the Taiwan authorities have amended the legal system, laws and regulations, supervision measures and self-disciplines referred to Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorism Financing(CTF). Meanwhile, every relevant entity is enhancing the prevent measures and internal control on AML/CFT (Counter-Financing of Terrorism) as well. The satisfactory result of the Third Round Mutual Evaluation will be expected. As people know, the banks are always the favorite cash flow channel of money laundering and terrorism financing, since the banks provide the financial services with advantages of safety, convenience, diversification and globalization, etc. Both general financial customers and criminals on ML/FT are attracted to make transactions with the banks. Thus, the financial system’s resources could be utilized improperly. Due to the role of the core of financial system, the banks should take the responsibility and bear the liability of Anti-Money Laundering and combating the financing of terrorism. In this paper, the primary framework on AML/CFT of domestic banks will be outlined according to the real practice. First, this paper has an introduction of mutual evaluation process and methodology in order to set the goal related to AML/CFT of the bank. Next, the model practices of international standards are presenting to achieve the goal for references. Then, this paper will focus on domestic and foreign regulatory requirements on banking, and try to construct the bank’s primary internal system of AML/CFT. Finally, there are some observations of the bank’s performance related to this issue. With the rapid evolution of Industry 4.0, Bank 3.0 and Fintech, the customers’ financial behaviors and transaction types are changing. Therefore, to keep sound internal system of AML/CFT is an advanced challenge to all the banks. This paper is trying to set a primary framework on AML/CFT of domestic banks, and to be taken reference for banks to start developing appropriate prevent measures. In addition, the statement of this paper is an approach to general principles, not indicating any specific institution.

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