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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

紀實娛樂頻道節目全球在地化歷程探析—以Discovery在台灣的發展為例 / The Analysis of Glocalization Process on Nonfiction Entertainment Television Program: take Discovery Channel in Taiwan for example

鄭淑文, Cheng,Shuwen Unknown Date (has links)
90年代各國政府對媒體的解除管制(deregulation)、傳播媒體集團間合作策略日興、逐漸形成媒體集團,加上新媒介技術的發展(光纖和衛星技術的發展),為跨國媒體的市場版圖拓展提供了有利條件,在市場機能的運作的背景下,全球的電信業自由化影響台灣電訊傳播民營化,因應全球化、自由化的浪潮,以及市場開放趨勢,全球主要知名頻道紛紛佔據台灣市場,例如CNN、HBO、DISCOVERY頻道、國家地理頻道、ESPN、STAR TV、Disney等。跨國媒體集團在台灣除了經營大眾娛樂的頻道之外,另一類受到觀眾喜愛的「特定類型頻道」為「紀實娛樂」(nonfiction entertainment)頻道。 2006年台灣地區跨國媒體集團共經營43個頻道,根據行政院新聞局所做的「最受歡迎頻道」調查顯示,台灣地區外國頻道中最受歡迎的前三名分別是HBO、Discovery頻道、國家地理頻道(新聞局,2005;54),HBO以電影播放為主,而Discovery頻道與國家地理頻道同屬休閒社教類節目。兩者又以Discovery頻道近年來致力於本土化經營的成績較為顯著,似可觀察其「節目在地化」階段性的策略演變。 本研究鎖定Discovery頻道這一特殊節目類型的跨國媒體集團在台灣的經營與發展為研究主題,深入了解該跨國頻道在全球化的時代中,如何迎合輸入國觀眾的喜好、擴大市場佔有率,分析該媒體集團在全球化時代的「全球在地化」經營模式,並透過節目製作公式,深入其在地化歷程;同時,本研究亦分析當地政府機構的介入與其經營策略的關係及影響。 研究發現跨國媒體進入本地市場之後,就節目產製與在地的營運的方式而言,必須考量全球化的佈局、在地的業務運作及節目製播兩方面的需求。Discovery集團透過全球媒體市場的考量,以在地發展模式加深了全球與在地的交互融合、互相滲透,本研究案例Discovery能夠透過「全球節目公式,在地產製內容」在本地產生其影響力、獲取利潤,以在地的力量(人才、資金、技術、文化)達到「文化接近性」的認同,更在「去地化」與「再地化」的概念下,實踐全球與在地的連結,並邁向「去再地」的發展階段。 承上,本研究設定跨國媒體集團為討論範圍,欲探討跨國媒體集團—面對變化所因應的策略,以Discovery傳播集團為探討個案,希望歸納出其「全球在地化」經營策略, 探討Discovery頻道在台灣之在地化策略實踐成效。 / This research is for the purpose of discussing Nonfiction Entertainment channel –Discovery, its management achievements, the history of localization of programming, the characteristic of arrangement of program telecast, and how the channel cooperate with locally produce productation teams. This research adopts the globalize vision, to analyze and inspect the characteristic of the 12 years on the foreign own channel –Discovery. This study shows that the Discovery channel’s Taiwan's management achievements are related to the channel’s strategy on global localization. The strategy not only affects the channel’s penetration rate and steady growth of advertisement income, this strategy also affect in programming and business practice. The whole says, Discovery’s localization is under the pattern development of "global management, international vision, and local viewpoint.” Its program characteristic is mostly base on traveling program taking from the headquarters supply. Program of subjects about Americas region and Asian region are equal. There are three types of Taiwanese subject programs; they are provided by cooperate, joint venture or outside production. Joint venture productions are growing rapidly, almost match the number of cooperate provide programs. The research also discovered that, the Discovery channel’s evolution of localize program productions are achieved gradually. In the produces system, manufacture management, the program quality, the narrative way, and the image style must conform to its program formula. Although the local responses are intense, it also has its gain after adjustment.
82

資通訊科技(ICT)服務業客戶滿意度之跨國比較- 以亞太地區市場為例 / Customer Satisfaction of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Services- The Comparison in Asia Pacific Countries

王宏任, Wang, Benjamin Unknown Date (has links)
立足台灣,前瞻兩岸,放眼全球已經不再是台灣企業的未來策略方針了,而是台灣企業已陸續進入目標市場,進行開發和建立成長的階段中。近年來,全球貿易經濟加速全球化,跨國企業無不把握市場脈動,提早卡位捷足先登。台灣的企業也由製造、貿易、行銷到服務的轉型過程,提升自有品牌的附加價值,以便在握有許多產品的供應鏈優勢上,建造一條更順利又長遠的成長到路。尤其在高科技的資通訊產品,台灣有具有重要的全球地位。從代工到研發創新的轉變,使台灣的品牌,在激烈的全球化競爭下,已漸漸戴上的一道光環,那就是市場價值。 當進入到世界市場的行銷競爭時,如何掌握客戶的行為模式,達成最佳的產品最終使用者滿意度,往往過去都將焦點注目於消費性產品的市場研究居多,較少投入產業性產品與服務的研究,而對於以資通訊產品占出口相當大比例的台灣廠商,若能進一步研究探討各國產業市場的行為模式,相信對於產品的研發設計有所助益,並將擴大在全球市場的成長機會。 在拓展全球市場的同時,如何在起步較晚的狀況下,超越歐美、日本的國際企業,開創出新一代的優勢競爭模式,取得市場先機,強化企業組織效能,網羅培育各地人才,提供滿意的顧客服務品質,創立長遠的品牌價值。在Ben Q併購西門子的經驗,莫不是台灣企業整體的學費成本,在國際化的競合腳步快速邁向前的科技網路時代,如何培養更多的國內外人才來迎接這個台灣優勢,順利去延展我們的國際市場,相信對於國際市場的研究,台灣應該有更多的用心與重視。今年初,在美國航空公司JetBlue的誤點意外,對客戶滿意度造成衝擊的案例,引起媒體大眾和政府的關注,這對於在國際上正在開疆闢土的台灣企業,應該引以為戒,並在相關的國際市場顧客行為研究,應該同時給予相對的投入與支持。 吾人希望藉對於資通訊服務業在國際市場的客戶滿意度比較研究,探討相關在產業市場對科技服務的客戶行為,同時選擇一個全球型的國際企業,並且擁有各國子公司的資通訊科技的系統整合服務業者進行相關的個案研究,而調查訪談的對象,屬於跨國企業(MNCs)的經營模式超過一半,分布於不同產業。考慮如何透過提供資通訊的科技軟硬體產品與服務,經由銷售、解決方案、諮詢、設計、專案管理、安裝建置、維護到客服服務的各項服務功能,對於亞太地區13國家200個的主要客戶,進行客戶滿意度的調查和研究。預期從這些相關的分析探討,深一層比較研究各國的客戶在滿意度是否有差異?而藉此訪談的過程,收集分析影響客戶滿意度的因素為何? 本研究共計分為五章,包含第一章 緒論、第二章 文獻探討、第三章 研究方法與架構、第四章 資料分析和第五章 結論與建議。期望這份研究,對於個案公司、相關業者和後續學術研究,都能提供一定的幫助。 / Today, the rapid movement towards globalization has forced enterprises in Taiwan to transform from manufacturing, trading, and marketing type of business model to a more services oriented one. During the process of transformation, enterprises realize that increasing the value of private brand could bring them more competitive advantages in the supply chain, and ultimately create the market value which allows them to stand out in the severe competition of the global marketplace. In recent years, customer satisfaction has become an important index to evaluate whether a product or commodity is being successful in the market. However, not many researches are focusing the satisfaction studies of the services or products provided by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry. As Taiwan has been the major export country of ICT products, a case study in the Asia Pacific market will help us understand more about the industry and provide more insights for Taiwan companies. The paper will use a multinational company in the ICT industry to examine the key factors that impact the client satisfaction survey. Result shows that the gap between clients’ perceptions and expectations of service quality will vary based on products, services, level of usage, personal experience and organization. This fulfils the concept of P.Z.B. model and the theory of DeLone and McLean model of information systems success. Also cultural difference plays a significant role in the survey result and could lead to diverse interpretation of service quality. It is hoped that this paper could be a reference for ICT companies in Taiwan to understand clients in different countries, making them to gain better market value in today’s competitive global market.
83

外人直接投資進入模式與外溢效果

汪欣寧 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究利用亞洲九個國家,自1995至2005年共十一年的資料,以固定效果模型對外人直接投資進入模式的外溢效果進行估計,探討外人直接投資進入模式與國家的勞動生產力之間的關係?另外,本文也研究外人直接投資的進入模式在高低技術及高低收入國家間是否會產生不同的外溢效果?   實證結果發現,跨國併購的行為剛進入時,並不會帶來顯著的外溢效果,然而只要一國的人力資本達到一定的門檻時,跨國併購便會為地主國帶來正向的外溢效果。而外商新建投資,可為當地市場產生正向的外溢效果。而透過技術能力的增進後,外商新建投資會帶來正向且顯著的外溢效果。 其次,在中低收入(技術)國家,外商新建投資透過人力資本的加乘後,也會產生顯著的正向外溢效果。 / The research adopts eleven-year of information from nine different Asian countries to evaluate the impact of spillover effect from the entry mode of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the national labor productivity. That is to construct a fixed-effects model studying, utilizing the information from nine Asian countries on FDI flows from 1995 to 2005. Moreover, the research also test the different spillover effect of entry mode between high-tech/high-incomed and low-tech/low-incomed countries. The empirical result shows that when first initiates a cross-border mergers or acquisitions, it doesn’t obviously result in the spillover effect. Thus, a country will has higher productivity of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, only when it has a minimum threshold stock of human capital. The foreign greenfield investment may have the positive spillover effect over the local market. And the higher the technology ,the higher the positive spillover effect of the foreign greenfield investment Lastly, in a low-tech/low-incomeed country,it will has higher productivity of foreign greenfield investment, also when it has a minimum threshold stock of human capital.
84

論有價證券處分行為之準據法

伍偉華 Unknown Date (has links)
法律衝突係國際私法之主要研究對象,凡涉外法律關係所應適用之法律,必與兩個以上之國家法律發生牽連,究應適用何國法律以為解決,此乃國際私法所欲研究之課題,因此,尋求妥適之準據法,應為國際私法學研究重心之一。而不同之法律關係,例如:結婚之方式、夫妻財產、監護、遺囑、侵權行為、契約等等,在尋求連結因素(Connecting Factors, Points of Contact)之際,均有其各自考量,或與主體(Subject)有關,或與客體(Object)有關,或與行為(Action)有關,或與當事人之意思有關。 就有價證券處分行為之準據法而言,因跨國金融業務之蓬勃發展、有價證券之無實體化發行、集中保管及帳簿劃撥交易之普及運用,或有價證券之實體權利證書由集中保管機構統一保管,交易時不必實際移轉有價證券權利證書之實體,甚至發行人發行有價證券,並不發行實體證書,有價證券係直接在網際網路上,以虛擬之數字交易,直至有價證券賣出變現,並且投資人至金融機構或提款機提領現金之那一刻,該財產始轉變為有形之實體鈔票,此致傳統與「客體」及「行為」有關之「物之所在地」或「權利成立地」連結因素,面臨空前挑戰,從而在國際金融需求下,不得不有所調整,以尋求更為妥適之準據法。本論文即在說明有價證券處分行為之傳統準據法為何?其有何缺失?在現代有價證券之交易架構下,哪些有價證券不宜再適用傳統之準據法,而宜採取如何之新準據法? 本論文於第一章敘述所欲解決之問題、研究動機、目的、方法後,即依下列順序鋪陳分析,以求獲致研究成果。 本論文之第二章,擬先敘述有價證券處分行為之傳統準據法,包括有價證券之概念、處分行為之意義、有價證券處分行為傳統之準據法為何,以及在實務上,傳統之準據法有何窒礙難行之處,並藉此釐清需重新探詢其準據法之有價證券有哪些,或符合何種特徵之有價證券,係有必要重新檢討並特別另行規定其準據法者,復接續於第三章中,說明當代跨國有價證券之交易架構,以及可能做為新準據法有哪些,以便後面各章之論述,能針對不再適合適用傳統準據法之有價證券,提出新準據法之立法論。 在理解具有何種特徵之有價證券,始有特別規定其處分行為準據法之必要後,本論文於第四章開始探究應如何獲致妥適之準據法?在探討何為妥適之準據法前,其先決問題,係究竟應以何種原則或態度,來找尋妥適之準據法?申言之,即究竟應採行剛性或彈性之選法規則?因此本論文擬於此章中,將特別說明時下流行之彈性或開放性選法規則,似無法全面適用於所有國際私法領域,其中特別注重預見可能性,以保障交易安全之案件,尤需適用剛性選法規則,而需單一而固定之準據法,基於同一原理,反致理論亦不適用於有價證券之處分行為。此際準據法之規定,並非實現實體法規之價值判斷與利益衡量,而係金融政策之工具或手段,因此亦需附帶論述國際私法之工具論,並彰顯「選法規則實體法化」之論點有時而窮。 承接本論文第四章,在理解為達金融政策及交易安全之目的,致有價證券之處分行為,需單一而固定之準據法,並排除反致之適用後,本論文第五章開始尋找究竟採用何準據法較為適合?首先應觀察相關學說、先進國家立法例及國際公約,俾明瞭國際走勢趨向。 分析國際趨勢及相關學說後,本論文於第六章檢討我國涉外民事法律適用法之草案條文,並於第七章總結論點,並提出能與國際接軌,且符合我國法制之立法論供參。
85

台灣跨國併購與非跨國併購績效之研究 / The Efficiency comparison between foreign and domestic acquicisions in Taiwan

林佳蓉, Lin, Chia Jung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究係以民國81年1月1日至民國90年12月31日間曾從事併購行為之國內53家上市櫃公司為研究樣本,取其併購前後五年之財務資料,利用資料包落分析法計算其整體技術效率、純技術效率、規模效率值,再依據目標公司是否位於國內為併購類型的分類標準,探討併購活動與併購類型是否影響主併公司績效。 本研究實證結果如下: 一、在不考慮併購類型的情況下,併購前後對於整體技術效率、純技術效率與規模效率呈現不顯著的正向關係,表示併購後效率雖然有提升,但未達顯著水準。 二、在未區別併購前後的情況下,雖然併購類型對於整體技術效率與純技術效率均呈正向關係,與規模效率則呈負向關係,但三種效率值皆未達到統計上顯著水準,表示進行國內併購與跨國併購的主併公司在效率上沒有太大差異。 三、跨國併購後在整體技術效率、純技術效率與規模效率均呈現正向關係,並且在整體技術效率與純技術效率達到統計上顯著水準,表示「國際化網路」假說確實存在。 / In this research, we based on the companies that listed in Taiwan Security Exchange or the OTC which had domestic or foreign acquisitions over the period from 1992 to 2001. Using these firms’ five years financial data before and after acquisitions, we apply Data Envelopment Analysis to measure efficiency and compare the performance of firms following domestic or foreign acquisitions. The major research finding as follows. First, if we do not consider the type of acqusiontion, domestic or foreign, the results denote that there is no efficiency difference before or after acquisitions. Second, after we control before or after acquisitions, the results demonstrate that there is no efference difference between domestic and foreign acquisions. Third, after we control the cross effects between acquisition time and acquisition types, the results show that after foreign acquisitions the merger companies increase efficiency significantly, which confirms “Positive Multinational Network Hypothesis”.
86

金融危機與跨國從眾行為 / Financial crisis and herding behavior across Countries

吳立渝 Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要在探討在何種情況下(意即金融危機發生前後)會發生比較顯著的跨國從眾現象。本文採用2003年10月1日到2009年2月28日期間的台灣加權指數、台灣50、美國S&P 500和道瓊工業指數報酬率資料,並利用Hwang and Salmon (2004)測量從眾行為指標的方法,檢驗在此段期間下,台灣投資人行為是否有明顯跟隨美國投資人行為的現象。實證研究發現整體而言在此段期間下,台灣存在顯著的跨國從眾行為。細部以月為單位探討從眾行為顯著結果的變化,可以歸納出以下三個結論:一、從眾行為主要發生在經濟情況相對穩定的情況下,意即在金融危機日趨嚴重以前,測量從眾行為的指標反而比較顯著。例如在2007年和2008年時的經濟情況比在2003年、2004年和2005年時還要衰退,但測量到存在顯著跨國從眾行為的月數反而較少。二、持續存在顯著跨國從眾行為的最長期間為2005年3月到2006年1月,歷經11個月。三、最常被觀測到有顯著從眾行為現象的月份為1月、11月和12月。 / This paper mainly examines under what conditions herding behavior is likely to become more significant and obvious, in which I modify Hwang and Salmon (2004)’s methodology and use the returns data of Taiwan Weighted Index, Taiwan 50 stock Index, S&P 500 stock and Dow Jones Industry Index of the sample period of October 1, 2003 to February 28, 2009 to test if there is any multinational herding behavior. I find that Taiwan investors in this sample period follow (even imitate) the investment actions of American investors. In more details about the herding patterns, we have found three main phenomena. First, herding behavior mainly occurs significantly during relatively quiet period, say, before the financial crisis, rather than when the market is under stress. The economic situations in 2007 and 2008 are much worse than in 2003, 2004, and 2005, but numbers of months exhibiting significant herding in these bad situations are less. Second, the longest lasting time of herding is March 2005 to January 2006, which totally lasts for eleven months, and this period is before 2007 and 2008 in which the financial systems are destroyed badly. Third, herding always happens in January, November and December given the sample period.
87

策略性環境政策、跨國性污染與最適出口補貼協定

張伊君, Chang, Yi-Chun Unknown Date (has links)
本文將貿易政策與環境政策做連結, 建構一雙邊貿易之架構, 設立一三階段之序列賽局,以之探討: 當具有跨國性質之消費性污染存在時, 在考量兩國政府皆有誘因在環境政策上採取非合作的態度下, 兩國政府應如何藉由貿易政策之協定, 訂定其最適之出口品補貼政策, 以矯正環境政策非合作下之不效率。 本文研究發現: 在兩國政府僅能夠進行政策的部分合作時, 當需求參數愈大, 兩國政府之最適貿易政策是應將給予其各自國家出口品之單位補貼調升;但若伴隨消費財貨所排放之污染對環境具有較高之邊際污染, 或是其本身之外溢效果愈強, 兩國政府對出口品之最適補貼則應該調降。我們同時也發現, 此時即使各國政府之最適貿易政策是調降出口補貼, 會使得各國之污染稅稅率更低, 但卻不會使其更加偏離兩國政府在環境政策上合作下之最適稅率, 並且仍會為全球帶來更高之社會福利。 / This paper constructs a reciprocal-market model, which contains a three-stage game to investigate how the two countries decide the optimal export subsidy agreement when they do not coordinate their environmental policy. We find that the level of optimal export subsidy should decrease with the strength of transboundary pollution, which is associated to consumption activities. In addition, the export subsidy agreement should increase with the demand parameter. We also find that even a reduction in the export subsidy will decrease the non-coordinated environmental tax rate, it will not deviate the tax rate away from the coordinated one and still enhance the social welfare.
88

中國半導體產業發展模式:2000-2005一個跨國比較的途徑 / The developmental model of China's semiconductor industry: 2000-2005 A cross-national comparative approach

呂爾浩, Lu, Erh Hao Unknown Date (has links)
學界普遍認為中國半導體產業在2000年以降快速崛起主要因素是中國各級政府仿效東亞國家八十年代扶持半導體產業模式。也就是「發展型國家」(Developmental State)角色。如中國中央政府推動半導體策略性產業政策:提供優惠稅賦(「國務院十八號文件」)以及進行大規模研發計畫(「八六三計畫」);地方政府則提供半導體廠商建廠資金和低價建廠成本。然而,實際上,從跨國比較觀點分析在中國政府半導體產業角色,發現我們可以發現中國政府在半導體產業角色與「發展型國家」的理念型有所差異。基於上述討論有兩個主要研究目的: 1.建立國家機關角色類型學,了解中國個案與既有類型異同之處。以此,提出新理論架構:第一個指標:國家機關干預型式,主要指國家是否推動「策略性產業政策」;第二個指標、企業財產權關係: 企業財產權屬於國家或私人。兩個指標和各自有兩個變異,因此形成二乘二的四個國家機關角色類型學。 2.分析形成不同國家機關角色的因素:落後的程度、官僚體系特質和政策網路等因素如何形塑國家機關角色等因素對形成國家角色有何影響。 為進行跨國比較本文選擇了四個國家以及其時空分界點:1985-1990年的美國、1976-1980年的日本、1984-1988年的台灣與2000年以降的中國,進行國家角色干預前後的時空因素比較。 本文研究發現有三:一、一國落後的程度決定了其國家角色類型:。二、國家干預前的「韋伯式官僚」程度,影響了「發展型國家」和「企業家發展型國家」的要素之一「大規模研發計畫」是否完整,但不會決定屬於個案是屬於哪一類型國家。 / Scholars argued that the rapid development of China's semiconductor industry due to strategic industry policy, known as East Asian “Developmental State Model”. China central government provided preferential domestic sale tax (Circular 18) for China-based semiconductor firms and launched national R&D project (863); local government also provides loans and low building cost for semiconductor enterprises. However, as cross-countries comparing role of state in the semiconductor industry, China’s case still is different from ideal type of Developmental State. Based on the discussion above, this dissertation has two main research purposes: 1.Establishing the typology of state: what different China's case with other nations and propose a new theoretical framework. The first indicator is whether State to promote "Strategic Industrial Policy" or not; the second corporate property relations: the second indicator is property rights of enterprises, which is government owned or private. The two indicators have two variations, so the format a typology, three types role of state in two by two matrix. 2.Analyzing the causal factors of role of state: how does extent of economic backwardness, characteristics of bureaucratic system and types policy network influence roles of state. For a cross-nations studies, I selected four variety cases and time dividing points: United States (before and after 1985-1990), Japan(before and after 1976-1980), Taiwan ( before and after 1984-1988), and China (before and fater 2000-2005) to define role of state and its causal factors. This study has three main findings: First, the extent of backwardness of a nations determined its role of state. Second, level of Weberian bureaucracy level affected complete extent of Developmental State" and Entrepreneurial Developmental State" , but would not determined its role of state.
89

跨國指數連動票券新金融商品之研究:評價與避險 / The equity-linked note with cross boarder underlyings: to price and to hedge

葉澤興, Yeh, Tse-Hsing Unknown Date (has links)
到期還本的指數連動型證券為一種連結權益(equity)的債權證券,所連結的權益部分通常以隱含選擇權的方式建立。指數連動證券具有自動資產配置調整的特性,當股票市場表現不錯時,此契約給予投資人較高的股票市場風險暴露(因為股票上漲時,Delta值增加)。若股票市場表現不佳,則契約收益特徵接近債券的型式。所以是保守型投資得以參與部分股票市場表現之設計。 本論文所研究之中短期連動型票券,係以零息債券持有至到期(其面額等於到期還本金額),期間不可贖回或申購,並以期初零息債券貼現的部分來購買不同的請求權,以做為連動股票市場表現的機制。在推導多重標的資產請求權評價模型上,係採Martingale方式,其中並證明在Gisanov轉換機率測度下,多重標的之隨機項轉換的規則。 本文主要研究Rainbow Call與Spread Call的評價模型與避險參數;進一步研究標的資產間相關係數對選擇權價值之影響與避險上的財務經濟意義。另一方面,運用Martingale此一有力的工具,佐以現金流量分析,來推導跨國標的之評價模型,並提出跨國之避險操作方法,與說明標的資產與匯率間相關係數在避險上的財務經濟意義。 本文最後就兩套請求權設計之指數連動票券,模擬比較在不同相關係數下,與其他選擇權設計之指數連動票券的表現。並嘗試提出該設計票券之較佳表現時機。
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兩岸四地勞工退休保障可攜性之研究 / An analysis on Possibility of Pension Portability for Interregional Mobile Workers

潘智茵, Pun, Chi Ian Unknown Date (has links)
人口老化是全球趨勢,而此現象引起社會各界對退休保障的關注。此外,跨國勞工移動人數因全球化而急速上升。勞工跨國移動對於跨國界之退休保障帶來新的挑戰。作為社會的一份子,每人都應該享有社會保障的權利,但跨國移動勞工可能會面對與就業國本地勞工在社會保障上存在差別待遇之問題,甚至有機會同時失去家國及就業國的社會保障。勞工個人的流動量越大,對其退休保障所造成的影響就會越大。 會產生此類問題的原因是因為勞工跨國移動,但國家之間的退休保障制度卻沒有連接起來。此問題可以通過簽訂雙邊協議或多邊協議來解決。通過協議,就業國應提供外籍勞工與本地勞工平等待遇。協議亦可用於訂定移動勞工應該適用那一個國家的法規。同時亦可以解決投保年資中斷及分隔兩地、給付出口有設置限制等問題。雖然並非必須的,但協議可幫助協約國間之退休行政服務連結起來,為受益人帶來方便性。 保障移動勞工的權益不只單單是允許其參加退休保障制度,而且應該確保勞工受到與本地勞工同等之對待。通過訂定社會保障協議,勞工即使離國工作亦可以維持獲取退休保障之權利。社會保障可攜性,特別是退休保障,不止對勞工有利,對政府、對經濟發展亦是有益處的。 近年兩岸四地的經濟交流合作及勞工流動增加,四地之間的退休保障問題更值得關注。探討兩岸四地退休保障可攜性,可以幫助解決或至少減低四地間移動勞工之退休保障攜帶性損失。 / Aging population is a global phenomenon and this leads to the concern of social security issues. Besides, the number of international mobile workers is increasing rapidly due to globalization. International labour mobility is creating new challenges for cross national social security. Being a member of the society, everyone should have the right to social security, but international mobile workers may face the problem of having a deduction on pension benefits comparing with native workers, or even, lack of social security protection from both home and host countries. And the larger the mobility, the greater the influences are towards pension benefits. These problems occur because of workers working abroad, but there is no connection between the social security systems between home and host countries. This can be solved by concluding bilateral agreements or multilateral agreements. Through social security agreements, the host countries should provide equality of treatment towards expatriates. Besides, agreements can also be used for the determination of the applicable legislation, as well as solving the problems of separation of insured years and restrictions on the export of benefits etc. Although it is not a must, agreements can also help in providing administrative assistance for beneficiaries. Ensuring the right to social security of mobile workers is not only allowing them to join social security schemes, but also guaranteeing them to have equality of treatment comparing with native workers. Social security agreements can help in maintaining the right to social security for mobile workers. Portability of social security, especially on pension issue, benefits not only mobiles workers, but also government and the economic development. The economic cooperation and labour mobility between Taiwan, China, Hong Kong and Macau is increasing in recent years, and thus brings to the attention on the pension issue for mobile workers between places. Analyze on interregional pension portability can help in solving, or at least reducing the portability loss of mobile workers among these four places.

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