Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12679号 / 論工博第4081号 / 新制||工||1548(附属図書館) / 29812 / (主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 松岡 譲, 准教授 山敷 庸亮 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第22564号 / 地博第267号 / 新制||地||101(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻 / (主査)准教授 大山 修一, 教授 伊谷 樹一, 教授 重田 眞義, 准教授 金子 守恵 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第18391号 / 地博第160号 / 新制||地||54(附属図書館) / 31249 / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 重田 眞義, 教授 太田 至, 准教授 大山 修一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 乙第12864号 / 論地環博第10号 / 新制||地環||26(附属図書館) / 31544 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻 / (主査)准教授 吉野 章, 教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 星野 敏 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第21496号 / 文博第801号 / 新制||文||674(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科現代文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 永原 陽子, 教授 小野沢 透, 准教授 塩出 浩之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第25322号 / 農博第2588号 / 新制||農||1104(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R6||N5494 / DFAM / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田昌三, 教授 松下 幸司, 准教授 坂本　正弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

第一章緒論。指出研究動機、目的、範圍與方法。 第二章對農業生產成本加以分析。主要探討農業生產因素的供給成本，同時對農業生 產成本概念與內容作介紹，再者對農業生產成本作評價。 第三章探討農業生產的收益。包括農業生產收益概念的介紹，析影響收益的因素，及 對農產品價格作評價。 第四章對環原利率的決定作一個分析與檢討。主要論及利率結構，然後對有關還原利 率之幾種主張加以評述，接著再探討農地收益還原利率的求取方法。 第五章為收益環原法的運用。包括農地收益價格計算例及農地估價時收益還原法的採 行問題。 第六章結論。主要在判定農地收益價格之求取在實際作業上的可行性。

本研究為個案研究，以政大EMBA永續農業促進小組所創「政大一畝田」品牌專案為例，以深度訪談為研究方法，主要探討社會公民社團，如何透過策略聯盟方式，與策略夥伴為利害關係人以及社會共創新價值，並輔以相關文獻的深度分析，對農民團體策略聯盟以推廣有機農業提供具體建議。 根據農糧署2010/05發佈台灣有機認證農地共有4217公頃,僅佔所有農地的0.4％，在政府目前積極的倡導下，消費者認同與消費者支持已大幅增加，台灣的農民團體多自行組織，自產自銷，或者透過地方產銷班等，共同銷售予通路商、中盤商，但現行的銷售管道之銷量不大，又易被中盤商壓價，因此造成台灣有機小農的銷售困境。 研究者發起「政大EMBA永續農業促進小組」，透過資源分析以及環境分析，以組織內部成員之人脈資源、資金、商管知識以及服務熱忱作為基礎，再加上政大之社群資源，與農民團體合作，選定宜蘭三星行健有機合作社作為策略夥伴，推行「政大一畝田」契作稻田認養專案，建立以國內相關企業為目標客群之企業認養的銷售管道。 此公益項目增進台灣有機稻農的生計，也為認養企業與家庭提供樂活體驗、二次公益等社會企業責任的價值，更透過媒體公關行銷，使策略夥伴以及有機議題得到大眾關注，以提昇國民對有機農產的認同與支持。 / Based on the Case of NCCU's My-Farmland Project by National ChengChi University EMBA Sustainable Agriculture Promoting Organization, this paper will discuss how Non-Profit Organizations create new value of sustainability with other stakeholders by strategic alliance and offer some advice to the agricultural organization in Taiwan to promote sustainable agriculture. This paper will also provide literature review on civil society, sustainable agriculture, social enterprise and strategic alliance. According to the Council of Agriculture, the organic farmland officially recorded is 4217 hectares which only accounts for 0.4 percent of the total farmland in Taiwan. Now through the active promotion of the government, both the consumer identification and their support have increased dramatically. The agricultural organizations in Taiwan are made up almost entirely of farmers only. They produce and sell their products on their own. Their main sales channels are to wholesalers, distributors and some end consumers in low volumes. With low bargaining power, organic farmers in Taiwan have a difficult sales condition. This researcher initiated the "National Chengchi University EMBA sustainable agriculture promotion teams" to promote the Case of NCCU's My-Farmland Project through resources and environmental analysis together with the networking, capital, business management knowledge and dedicated services of the members of the NCCU or ganization, plus the community resources of the National Chengchi University. It is the goal of this project to assist the agricultural organizations in Taiwan in prospering and expanding their business. We have selected Ilan Samsung organic cooperatives as a strategic partner to promote and execute the above project and create a sales pipeline for relevant domestic enterprises as target customers. This charity project will provide Taiwan organic farmers with better lives, and also offer country life experiences for the corporations and families who join the project. Additionally, this project will allow the corporations to fulfill their corporate social responsibilities. Furthermore, with the promotion and attention through medias, this project will really increase the consumer identification and their support for the organic farmers in Taiwan.

當前我國農業金融施政目標將配合農業加值政策，多元化推動政策性專案農貸，農貸對象將由個別農漁民推廣至農企業，是以，資金用途亦將由農業生產擴及農漁業運銷、加工與技術研發；穩健持續的發展農業將需要充分的資金，如何為農業發展自金融市場引入資金，融資是我國金融施政的當務之急。 　　我國農漁會組織結構脆弱，規模小且欠缺增資機制，本論文鑑於美國資產證券化發展至今已半個世紀，其對直接融資環境的建樹及國家經濟的繁榮功不可沒；直接融資的優點有三：降低借款者的融資成本、提高貸款者的營運效率、增加投資者的投資標的，本論文冀望借鏡美國資產證券化發展經驗及運作模式，創新我國融資思維，以「農業貸款證券化」的方式自金融市場直接取得資金，消弭農業金融當前的瓶頸，為農業發展提供有效的融資，全力發展農業貸款證券化尚能促進國內證券化及信託業務的健康發展。 　　本論文參考美國資產支持證券與小型企業署證券化的運作模式，規劃我國農業貸款支持證券的發行程序，包括創始資產、資產群組化、現金流結構、信用增強機制、發行架構、風險分析、信用評等及訂價策略八個構面，並探討發行之可行性，獲得適法性無疑、市場供給面與需求面具有發行正當性之結論。 　　在促進次級市場流動性議題上，本論文建議以「指定集合管理運用金錢信託」平台，透過投資人的多元性參與以及投資商品的多樣性選擇，在金錢信託架構下促進交易市場的活絡，進而帶動流動性的增強；最後，本論文建議信託業運用信託機制發揮投資銀行之功能，於兼顧企業融資與客戶投資之同時，實踐扶持中小企業、促進地方經濟繁榮的責任與願景。 　　國內如能順利推動農業貸款證券化業務，對市場各個參與者之利基臚列於下，此亦為本論文衷心冀盼的： 一、對政府、農委會等中央主管機關而言： 　　（一）得以建立我國農業資本市場、擴大我國債券之發行。 　　（二）得以解決農地閒置休耕問題、增進農企業規模發展。 　　（三）得以樽節政府農業發展支出、普及全民投資農漁業。 二、對全國農業金庫而言： 　　（一）得以差異化的營運方式有別於農漁會之經營。 　　（二）得以超然的立場貫徹執行金融監督管理之責。 三、對農漁會而言： 　　（一）得以縮減資本計提的需求、提升ROA與ROE。 　　（二）得以提升金融資產流動性、增進資金使用效率。 　　（三）得以提高自有資本的比率、改善經營的績效。 　　（四）得以開創資金調度的渠道、降低資金取得成本。 　　（五）得以分散金融資產的區域性風險與集中性風險。 四、對農、林、漁、牧業者而言： 　　（一）得以取得貸款資金。 　　（二）得以降低融資成本。 五、對投資人而言： 　　（一）得以直接參與本土農業投資。 　　（二）得以享有多樣化的投資選擇。 / The current Agriculture-Finance policy of R.O.C. is to cope with Agriculture Value-up policy, so as to promote diversified project loans from individuals to corporates. Consequently, the purpose of finance will be extended to agricultural and fishing logistics, process and technic inventions. Constant and stable development of agriculture needs sufficient capital; however, the main and urgent issue of agricultural development is to direct financing from capital market. The construction of farmers’ and fishermen’s association of R.O.C. is relevantly fragile, in miniature and in lack of the mechanism of capital injection. The securitization of the U.S.A. has been developed through half century, which flourishes economy and direct finance. There are three advantages of direct finance; the first is to lower the cost of borrowers, the second is to level-up the business efficiency of debtors, and the third is to increase the objects of investors. The essay is about to refer to the experiences of US securitization and its models, so as to innovate our financing thinking with direct financing from Agriculture-Loan-Securitization; where the bottleneck of agriculture financing can be breached and provide more sufficient and efficient capital to boost Agriculture-Loan-Securitization with advantageous growth of domestic business of securitization and trust. This essay consults the methods of US ABS and SME construction to plan the issuance of Agriculture-Loan-Securitization, including aspects of original assets, assets sectors, financing construction, credit enhancing mechanism, issuance construction, risk analysis, credit rating and pricing; that leads to the justification of feasibility, legality, supply and demand of issuance. As to the issue of increase liquidity of secondary market, this essay suggests that the building of Semi-discretionary collectively managed money trust platform can provide a varieties of diversified participation and investing products to investors under the construction of money trust to activate vivid market transaction and empower liquidity. This essay also suggests that the business of trust shall use the function of investment banking, with the balance between corporate financing and client investment, to support SME and improve local economy as a liability and vision. In the event of the succession of domestic Agriculture-Loan-Securitization, the niches of each participant are suggested as followed with sincerely: 1. To Council of Agriculture and government at large, (1) Building up agriculture financing market, expanding the issuance of bonds. (2) Sorting out farmland fallow, increasing the scale of agriculture business. (3) Saving the cost of governmental agriculture cost, promoting the investment to agriculture and fishing. 2. To Agricultural Bank of Taiwan, (1) Setting up the differentiation of management from farmers’ and fishermen’s association. (2) Supervising independently. 3. To farmers’ and fishermen’s association, (1) Minimizing the demand of capital adequacy, increasing ROA and ROE. (2) Increasing capital liquidity and efficiency. (3) Level up tier 1 capital, improve return. (4) Developing new capital channel, lowering the risk of financing. (5) Spreading finance area risk and concentric risk. 4. To agriculture, forestry, fishing and animal husbandry business, (1) Acquiring finance (2) Lower the cost of financing 5. To investors, (1) Participating local agriculture investments directly. (2) Have diversified options of investment.

近年來，有機農業在世界各地形成一種共同文化，主要是人們受到1960年代後綠色革命引入化學農業之影響，而使有機農業也漸漸成為全球在產食文化的新趨勢。台灣也於1996年正式推廣有機農業工作，啟動了台灣有機農業的時代。然而在這波趨勢下，原住民族在發展有機農業上卻面臨許多障礙，而無法順利轉型有機農業。如今，部落不僅要面對部落發展的課題，同時當有機農業做為部落發展的新趨勢時，族人又該如何突破有機農業或自然農業發展之困境，開創出部落發展的新局呢？ 本論文以新竹縣尖石鄉泰雅族石磊部落為研究個案，個案結合民族知識的自然農業經驗，在當代社會中為罕見之農法，被媒體報導為台灣獨一無二之農法，而引起國內外研究者和農夫的關注，並在當代農業的社會中脫穎而出，成為有機與自然農業發展的重要指標。因此，本研究運用「行動研究」與「民族誌研究方法」的結合，透過自然農業的推廣和部落服務的具體行動，以及參與觀察、深度訪談、焦點團體等方法，來探討石磊部落在不同時期農業變遷之問題，並從歷史脈絡中重新探究傳統農業對當代社會的意義，以及探討部落如何透過基督宗教的力量，來發展出結合民族知識的自然農法經驗，這些知識如何對當代有機農業或部落發展的概念上提供那些重要的啟發。 本研究結果顯示，石磊部落結合民族知識的新興自然農業，透過教會、聖靈的支持，部落領袖和家族組織的力量，將舊有的知識調整為新的知識，而發展出創新的農法，回應了原住民族知識改變現代有機或自然農業的事實，並且在農業生產知識上超越了國家機器的宰制。同時，透過個案部落的經驗，為當代部落發展工作的經驗提供重要之建議，為國家政府以及原住民族日後推動有機農業和部落發展政策的重要參考。 / Recently, organic agriculture has become a worldwide trend. This trend is affected by the Green Revolution in 1960s, which made organic agriculture became an innovative productive pattern. In Taiwan, even though organic agriculture had been officially promoted in 1996, it’s always very difficult for Indigenous people to transfer from conventional agriculture to organic agriculture. In nowadays, Indigenous communities are not only face the issues related to development, but also try to break through the dilemma of agricultural transformation. Thus, it’s urgent to seek the solution of above issues. This research is a case study of a settlement of Tayal people– Quri community. The natural agriculture in Quri community integrate indigenous knowledge and organic agriculture and attracted domestic and international researchers and farmers. This research use action research and ethnography as research methods, which includes participatory observation, focus groups interviews and in-depth interviews. This study aims to explore: (1) the agricultural transformation in Quri community; (2) the meaning of traditional agriculture in contemporary society; (3) how Quri community be inspired by Christianity to develop natural agriculture; (4) how natural agriculture facilitate development of organic agriculture and Indigenous community. The research outcomes show that the natural agriculture in Quri community, which integrate with Indigenous knowledge and be supported by Christianity, community leaders and clans, is an innovative agricultural pattern. Integrating Indigenous knowledge in natural agriculture shows that Indigenous knowledge is able to change organic agriculture and produce a new discourse of knowledge production. In the meanwhile, this case study also provide decisive experiences to present Indigenous communities’ development and government’s future agricultural policies.