傳統上農民靠天吃飯的特性造就其所得收入的不穩定進而威脅其生存，因此政府在農民福利上加以著墨，希望藉由品種改良、福利金的發放、直接的現金補助與間接的行銷、運輸等補助提升農民生活水準，然而在對農企業的資源投入上則相形較少，因其追求利潤極大化的本質與政府增進農民所得及福利、提高農民生活水準之農民政策目標相背離，因此政府在農企業輔助上多持有保留態度，也因如此造成台灣農企業無法國際化營運、規模亦無法擴大的原因之一；除此之外，政府脫離市場機制，無限制補助的結果更造成其本身財政上的吃緊。農業是由農民、政府與農企業三方面所共同構成的，因此在政策的制定上亦應全盤考量三方的利益衡平，本論文嘗試從根本面來探討三方的利益關係，利用企業社會責任的施行與社會企業的成立，來連結與整合三方利害衡平。舉釀酒葡萄產業為例，點出產業發展與農民福利政策的矛盾，經對比法國釀酒葡萄產業，說明企業社會責任與社會企業對台灣該產業的重要性，再透過美日大廠其施行企業社會責任與社會企業建立的個案分析，了解國外施行方式與達成結果，結果顯示企業社會責任的施行與社會企業的建立確實能達到照顧農民同時發展產業的目標，且因維持市場機制自由運行的結果，政府亦能做最有效率的資源分配，並將外大廠的施行方式嘗試應用於台灣釀酒葡萄產業，針對菸酒公司如何在照顧農民的同時達到企業發展部份提出建言，同時對政府與整個產業提出改善方法，證明企業社會責任與社會企業無非是一項解決農業產業化與農民福利衡平之有效工具與方向。最後提出政府照顧農民的目的與終旨的反思，農民的定義為何？農民真的是弱勢嗎？怎樣的農民才能納入政府輔導的範圍中。在農民、企業、大眾或其他利害團體的眼中政府作到怎樣的程度算照顧？是否過多還是不足，政府該如何衡平照顧農民的公益性角色與發展農企業的商業性角色。農民不是皆是弱勢，政府可透過支持企業社會責任與社會企業的發展，將農民由弱勢變強勢，透過產業化的發揮提升產業附加價值，使農民能小兵立大功，轉變社會對農業的認知。 / Sustainable development is a crucial factor when concerning industry development. When all the interests between all interested parties have been met can start to be considered sustainable development. The thesis started with imbalanced status among the government, vine growers and the winery, agribusiness, of wine industry in Taiwan. Wine growers in Taiwan were considered to be the disadvantaged; lots of subsidies came into the group accordingly. The government even asked agribusiness, typically TTL, gave a lot of allowance and promises to those people ”in need” regardless of the ability of the business can deal with those unneeded vine in market. The imbalance exists and the gap increases; the industry totally goes beyond the rule. As a result, the status has to be changed. The thesis suggests CSR and SE idea can heal the gap. By saying that, the thesis starts to prove why CSR and SE work, especially in Taiwan by comparing with wine industry in France. Based on this foundation, the thesis was then followed by looking at how other big businesses do on CSR and how SE helps to solve social problem as it claimed. With above information, the thesis moved on to its main part, suggestion to TTL and the whole industry. Find a solution to balance all the interested groups and to achieve sustainable development for all sectors in the industry. In conclusion, the thesis raised an urgent to reexamine the purpose of social benefit policy for farmers based on imbalance status. Overall, the thesis was written to raise a question and suggest a solution.

租地造林乃緣於日本領台期間林木過度採伐，台灣光復後政府財力及物力不足，林務管理欠周，林地遭濫墾、占用隨處可見，故期能透過引進民間人力、物力以及財力，加速完成造林工作。1990年代，政府為防止天然林的快速消逝對國土保育及環境造成負面影響，而全面禁止砍伐天然林，加上我國加入WTO後，開放進口大陸廉價木材，致國產木材逐漸失去競爭力，林農經營林業入不敷出，而拓展種植果樹之面積，改種高經濟價值作物，如茶葉、咖啡、葡萄、柳丁及檳榔等。然而，在林地上同時存有林業與農業使用，並不能直接類比為永續的「混農林業」經營模式，其特殊條件值得進一步探討。 起源自游耕活動的混農林業具有多功能性且符合土地倫理的概念，包括社會經濟上增加林農收入外，亦可分散經營風險，提升地方生活水準與競爭力，並可使當地文化習俗得以傳承；而在生態環境方面，樹木可供應作物生長所需氮素，增加養分獲取與留存，並可增加碳吸存力，以及維持生物多樣性等，因而在國際間頗受推崇，然在我國則面臨政策以及法規的考驗。 本研究修正Walck & Strong所提出的土地倫理分析架構為永續性混農林業影響模式，並以臺大實驗林契約林地為案例，透過文獻評析、參與觀察、問卷調查以及深度訪談，目的為探求國有放租林地發展混農林業之正當性，以及研擬混農林業之發展對策，獲得以下結論：1.過去混農林業政策多採有條件限制施作；2.林地管理政策與法規範難以戢止林農違規使用行為；3.放租林地改作永續混農林業具有正當性。而本研究之建議包括：1.調整政府租地造林管理制度；2.有條件允許混農林業；3.重視林農土地倫理價值觀；4.以永續農業維持林地健康。 / The government owned forest in Taiwan were overexploited during the Japanese Colonial Period and the poor forestry management after Second War World resulted in deforestation for illegal cultivation, occupying. In order to remedy the negative effects, government speeds up afforestation on national forestlands, and rent them to local tenant. Since 1990s, logging natural forest was prohibited and the cheap timber was imported from Mainland China after 2002 while Taiwan joined WTO, the forest tenants deforested part of the leased forestland and grew fruits, tea, coffee, etc., to fight against low price of forestry products to gain more income. However, growing crops on forestry land is no analogy to agroforestry, some specific conditions have to be investigated. Agroforestry is multifunctional and manipulated based on land ethics. On economic and social aspects, it is not only increase local tenants income, but also disperse the risks of operation, improve local living standard and forestry competitiveness and inherit local culture and customs to the next generation. On ecological aspect, trees provide nitrogen and nutrient, raise carbon sequestration, and sustain biological diversity. Hence, it is highly valued in other countries, but is taken as illegal activity in Taiwan. This study revises the framework of land ethics, power relationships and land use, land health raised by Walck & Strong for sustainable agroforestry analysis, and take the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University as a case study. Through methods of literature review, participation observations, questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, the research findings are as follows: 1) the cultivation of agroforestry was confined conditionally; 2) the current forestry policy and laws cannot prevent tenants from illegal land uses; 3) agroforestry in leased forestland is legitimate if it is operated sustainably. Hence, the policy implications are: 1) adjusting the management institution of leased forestland; 2) conditionally permitting agroforestry; 3) respecting tenants’ value of land ethics; 4) maintaining forestland health by sustainable agroforestry.

依據天津市於改革開放後（1978年~2010年）農業投入產出資料建立了隨機邊界生產函數模型，並對天津農業生產效率進行了測算和分析。研究結果發現天津的農業增長主要依賴流動資本的投入，另因天津市地理環境因素，溫度高低及降雨量多寡在農業生產效率中也具有關鍵影響力，農業生產技術效率水準隨時間增加有逐漸提升趨勢，政府財政支農及農業貸款的數字逐年提升，但研究結果顯示政府財政支農金額及農業貸款對於天津農業生產效率無影響。 / Based on the agricultural input and output data from Tianjin City after the reform and opening (1978~2010), a random marginal productivity function model was built. And tests and analyses regarding the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City were performed. According to the research results, the agricultural growth in Tianjin City mainly depended on the input of current capital. In addition, due to the geographic and environmental factors in Tianjin City, temperature and rainfall both played an important role in the agricultural production efficiency. The agricultural production technology level had been increasing with time. The amounts of the government’s financial support for agriculture and agricultural loans had been increasing year by year. However, the research results show that these amounts had no influence on the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City.

No description available.

休閒農業區係具備了豐富的農業生產與農村文化特色，以及在地獨特農業自然環境資源，開啟其自然、生態與景觀美學潛力，並帶動居民自我認同的理想型農業園區。然各地休閒農業區與鄰近都會型城市相距不遠，加上休憩機會密集下，勢必衝擊休閒農業區環境資源的保育。農業型生態旅遊之推動，亦兼顧農業生態保育及休閒觀光發展等雙重效益，惟如何在休閒農業區內提供更佳的旅遊方式，其先決條件在於地方居民對「生態旅遊」的認知與接受程度。因此，本研究擬針對此一問題加以探討。 　　本研究從居民面向切入，依據生態旅遊及認知與態度等理論之相關文獻探討，建立本研究居民之基本特性與生態旅遊認知與態度等變項間之架構，並以中壢市設籍居民為受訪對象，桃園縣中壢市大崙自然生態休閒農業區計劃案為研究範圍，探討地方居民對休閒農業區推動農業型生態旅遊之認知與態度，並分析不同屬性之居民對生態旅遊之認知與評價，以及其認知與態度間之差異與相關性，俾供政府於休閒農業區規劃政策中，注入生態旅遊活動模式之參考。本研究係採問卷調查方式進行，已回收有效問卷計300份。 　　經本研究實證分析結果發現： 　　休閒農業區亦適合發展成為農耕生態體驗與地方農業人文類之生態旅遊重地，並依受訪居民之問卷後瞭解，中壢居民對農業型生態旅遊之意涵與特性已有相當程度之認知，在接受態度上亦呈現正面與認同，故值得吾等儘早推廣與執行規劃。 　　基於不同基本資料與屬性之居民，對本研究生態旅遊意涵及特性之認知與反應態度間均有些許差異，經營與管理者實應針對不同屬性之中壢居民進行個別教育，並增加相關活動及資訊傳輸，籲請大眾於區內確實負起環境保育之重責大任來。 　　另外，中壢居民對於本研究之休閒農業區內推動生態旅遊之認知與接受態度各界面間是具有顯著相關性的，當認知面之效能愈高時，其反應評價之態度面亦呈現愈高，故印證兩者間具有正向預測作用，即居民透過宣導與教育亦愈能認同農業型生態旅遊涵義，必然能產生更積極與負責任之態度參與生態旅遊相關工作，進而共同努力提昇區內旅遊品質，朝永續性土地利用與精緻旅遊發展策略前進。 / Based on the trend of promoting ecotourism as well as the exploitation of an otherwise agricultural area, a study of the effects of converting an agricultural area into a recreational one and its conservation of environmental resources, along with the recognition and attitude of diversified residents in the area. 　　The subjects in this study were on those household-registered residents in Chung-li City of Tao-yung County. Residents in this area were involved in a questionnaire, being questioned about setting a recreational agricultural area in Da-lung Natural Ecosystem Resort Center of Chung-li City as a research field. This study collected opinions from diversified residents examines the recognition and attitude of local residents, analyzes their identification and evaluation about the ecotourism, and illustrates the correlation between recognition and attitude. From the findings, local residents recognize and identify with the ecosystem, accept the idea of pulling out the potential of the recreational arbitral area, and indicate positive attitude toward the utilization of the agricultural land as well. Nevertheless, the instillation of the significance of the ecotourism into the residents is necessary. By doing so, the significance of the conservation of environmental resources and the recognition of the exploitation of agricultural land will be highly accepted. 　　This study shows the value and feasibility of promoting and carrying out the ecotourism in Chung-li City. It also serves as a reference for the government to refine an ecotourism plan in transformational agricultural land and resources.

農地價格隨著研究立場不同，而具有多元的價格型態，本研究採農業使用的角度，以收益法求取宜蘭縣三星鄉的農地價格，將之與實價登錄成交資料比較，並應用多元迴歸分析影響成交價格與收益價格差距的可能因素。 研究結果發現在民國89年後所新辦的農地重劃地區將增加農地的轉用壓力，且當新辦重劃地區內成交農地臨路寬度愈大，則成交價格與收益價格差距愈發明顯，表示新辦重劃區內道路寬度的設計已超出農用基本需求，而增加農地變更使用的可能，此與農地重劃擴大農場經營之目標相互衝突。但透過公約機制與生產制度面的改良，農業經營專區則可能減少農地的變更使用，進而達到保護農業生產環境的理想。另外，在三星鄉內，農舍的興建將擴大農地價差關係，促使農地轉用價值上升，且影響隨著時間遞嬗日益彰顯，顯示農地已面臨愈來愈高的轉用壓力。 / This study looks at difference between income approach value and transaction price at Sanxing Township, Yilan County. With different point of view, the agricultural land will have diversified value types, such as market value and use value. To begin with, we conduct income approach to determine agricultural land value as pure use value. Then, we compare it with transaction price from government statistics, calculating the gap between income approach values and real selling price. Finally, we apply multiple regression analysis to find price gap influence factors. The empirical model presents special agricultural enterprise zones may reduce agricultural land development pressure, and therefore could protect agricultural production environment. But, when at recent constructed agricultural land readjustment area, agricultural land will face much more development pressure which has violated land consolidation objects. Research also indicates that our land face much more development pressure with evolution of the time.

農漁會組織長久以來於農業發展扮演重要角色，其促進農業生產，增進農民福祉與繁榮農村經濟，對台灣早期之經濟發展貢獻許多。隨著經濟結構的變動，農會信用部面對產業結構的轉變及其他金融機構的激烈競爭，致使其經營陷入困境，經過金融重建基金處理了36家經營不善信用部，宣佈分級管理措施，及12萬農民大遊行，政府為徹底解決信用部諸多問題，於93年1月實施農業金融法，建立由行政院農業委員會一元化管理之農業金融體系，經過一連串之改革，相關財務指標顯示信用部之經營已逐漸改善中。 本研究主要探討我國農業金融體制與信用部面臨的問題，並參考日本農業金融改革之經驗，提出健全我國農業金融體制與監理之建議。 研究發現，農業金融改革後信用部之經營確實在改善中。然而，在80年代農業金融危機下遺留的問題尚未完全克服。對於我國農業金融發展，本研究從組織面、業務面與監理面進行探討，提出改革建議包括：全面檢討修訂農會法與漁會法、儘速恢復股金制、建置合併法規鼓勵合併、儘速處理經營不善之信用部並建構多元退場機制、加強農業金融體系連結與加速資訊共用平台之整合、強化對全國農業金庫與信用部之監理、落實金融監理加強實地檢查與場外監控措施、導入差異化管理與立即糾正措施等，農業金融機構有必要繼續改革，以健全農業金融體系，保障存款人權益，促進農漁村經濟發展。 / The Farmers’ and Fishermen’s Associations played an important role in the field of agricultural production. They helped agriculture develop, increased farmers’ and fishermen’s welfare, flourished the countryside and contributed a lot to the early progress of Taiwan economy. With the transition of economic structure, the whole environment became quite disadvantageous to credit departments of farmers’ and fishermens’ associations, which face the changes of the industrial structure and fierce competition from other financial institutions. With the experiences of the settlement of 36 problem credit departments by the Financial Restructuring Fund, announcement of differential supervision scheme and demonstration of 120,000 agriculturists, the government implemented the Agricultural Finance Act on 30th January 2004 and built an integrated agricultural finance system governed by the Council of Agriculture (COA) to solve many problems of credit departments. Through those reformations, the financial index showed that the condition of these credit departments has improved gradually. This study aimed to discuss those difficulties that our agricultural finance system and credit departments encountered and bring up suggestions to complete this system and the government’s supervision referring to the reformation of agricultural finance system in Japan. What our study found is that the operation of credit departments has undoubtedly improved after taking reformations to agricultural finance system in Taiwan. However, problems that the agricultural finance crisis left behind in 1980s have not been completely conquered yet. As to the prospect of our agricultural finance system, from the aspects of organizational structures, business activities and government’s supervision, we suggest the reforms include to examine and amend both the Farmers’ Association Law and the Fishermen’s Association Law from stem to stern, re-enforce paid-in capital system with all speed, draw up laws to encourage mergers, deal with problem credit departments and build up plenty selections to help them exit as soon as possible, strengthen the connection of agricultural finance system and the integration of information sharing stations, intensify our supervision towards the Agricultural Bank of Taiwan and credit departments, reinforce on-the-spot examination and off-site monitoring, bring differential supervision scheme and prompt-corrective action into practice and so on. Hence, we may achieve the goal to complete the agricultural finance system, protect the rights of depositors and prosper the rural villages’ and fishing villages’ economy.

台灣農業科技之技術及研發能量在國際上頗負盛名，同時也是目前行政院推動六大新興產業-精緻農業中相當重要的一環，然而應該如何將此具有優勢之農業科技實際落實並轉換成經濟價值就變成是一個相當重要的議題。 台灣在七○年代開始由政府推動整廠輸出之貿易方式，不論是在政策上給予特定協助或是組成專門機構輔導從事從廠輸出之業者，因此，在政府的支持及業者的努力之下，確實為台灣創造了許多的經濟發展成果，並且一直持續到現在，顯見整廠輸出的確是一種可行的交易方式，因此在本論文中將從農業科技的本質、特性以及整體環境等面向來討論農業科技是否是適合採用整廠輸出模式做為交易的方式。 整廠輸出的交易由標的選擇、業務爭取、設計建廠、測試訓練、移交營運等五個連續的階段所構成，每一個階段都包含不同的工作項目、不同的交易標的。整廠輸出是一種交易項目複雜、交易時間長、風險高、帶有強烈整合性質、但相對地能創造更高附加價值的交易方式，而採用這類方式的技術多是較高階或是較為複雜的技術組合，因此做為輸出的一方，需要擁有相當的資源與整合能力才能夠順利完成整個交易。 就農業科技本身而言，多數人對於交易的標的都仍停留在「產品」的階段，而忽略實際上在農業科技應用的過程中所形成或產生之技術、know how、原料、設備資材、半成品等也能夠做為交易的標的，但是因為農業的本質上有其特殊性，因此也會連帶影響到農業科技商品化的選擇，如商品的選擇及組合多元、技術實施可能受限、知識經驗含量深，容易因人而異、保護複雜性高及需考量繁殖特性、悠關生活，安全性要求高、回收期較長等都是在將農業科技商品化過程中需要考量的重要議題。 從整廠輸出執行中呈現出四大特色：複合性交易、經驗之必要、環境之創造與異業之結合來看，整廠輸出的模式實際上可以視為是創造或是維持一個該項技術適合實施與應用的環境，而這樣的特色對於農業科技因其本質在商品化過程中所形成之需求剛好互相呼應，能夠借此更加確保農業科技在應用過程中的成效與價值。因此對於農業科技來說，整廠輸出確實是一種可以做為商品化交易的一種選擇。但是在農業科技進行整廠輸出之前，輸出方也需要就輸入地區對於該技術之接受程度、輸入地區對於該技術之發展限制、保護方式、以及與輸入地區之政策競合等問題進一步了解，以確保該項技術市場之存在，而技術於輸入之後的確有足夠的資源來支持，並能夠獲得適當的保護以避免技術輸出方反而因此失去競爭力，同時也能更了解該輸入區對技術的需求目的以及可能的行銷或合作對象。 除此之外，在本論文中針對目前環境對於農業科技採用整廠輸出模式可能會遭遇到的問題進行討論。由於農業在台灣發展歷史悠久，但絕大多數是透過「產品」交易的方式進行，因此業者對於技術交易的知識與經驗不夠充分，所以在商品化的過程中可能會碰到許多困難無法解決；再者，農業以往多半被視為傳統產業，因此外界的資源、資金、人力等資源也較難主動投入到農業領域，同時再加上業者目前發展的規模都較小，面對整廠輸出這樣複雜而長期的交易過程是否有足夠的能力、資源、彈性去面對也是一項需要克服的問題。 整體而言，台灣所擁有的農業科技技術含含量及know how均有相當高的水準，有能力擔任技術輸出方，而面對食品安全、糧荒議題備受重視、新興市場興起及對技術的需求急切，因此對於農業科技整廠輸出這樣的需求是存在且相當必要的，是以對台灣來說整廠輸出的確是一種可行的交易選擇。 然而，在目前的整體環境之下，若要採用整廠輸出的交易模式仍有一定之挑戰，因此於本論文最後分別對業者及政府提出建議。對業者來說，最重要的是要了解技術與產業之發展，挑選適當的技術做為整廠輸出之核心，並對此技術嚴加保護及掌握，如此才能長久保持競爭力，同時業者也應該更加強對商業化活動的了解與多元人才的引進，強化企業的經營與規模；而對政府而言，最重要的則是建構一個有利於整廠輸出模式執行的環境，包括整廠輸出模式之宣導及推廣，提供業者在執行過程中的實質協助，並協助將分散於學研單及民間業者或個人的技術整合，組成技術組合，同時也應就行政管理層面整合，減少業者在執行整廠輸出過程中因為行政程序或是不同單位之規定而造成時間或資源上的浪費，且應積極透過政策來導農業加速產業化，改變一般人對於農業的觀感，吸納更多的能量與人才進入農業，促進成正向的循環。 / Agriculture technology developments and the research abilities in Taiwan are well known around the world. Nowadays in Taiwan agriculture technology development is one of the most important strategies, so that how to transform the technology into real economic value is becoming a big issue. In this research, we will discuss whether the turnkey project is suitable for agriculture technology or not from several points of view, such as the nature of agriculture technology, the characteristics in its commercialization progress, the outside environments, ect. In 1980’s, governments in Taiwan began to promote the’’ Turnkey Project ’’ model to the industries and gave them assistances in both policy making and consulting institute establishing. These strategies really contributed to the economic development in the following years. So the turnkey project could be a workable and useful business model. The turnkey project business model consists of five phases, including target setting, project bidding, design and construction, testing and training, and transferring the management. Each stage has different tasks and different issues awaited to be accomplished. It’s a complicated, high-risk, and long-term deal. Usually, we will use the turnkey project when having a high-level technology or complicated technology portfolios in one trade. Thus as being the technology supplier, highly integrative ability and lots of resources are requested. When talking about trade in agriculture, it comes out ’’products ’’ in most people’s minds. Actually, there are more than products which could be viewed as the trading subjects, such as the supporting technologies, know how, raw materials, equipments, etc. Therefore, agriculture has many distinctive characteristics when commercializing, and these characteristics will lead to different results. All these characteristics are important issues to deal with. The turnkey Project is a kind of environment creating and preserving. It creates the appropriate environment for the technology to practice. When this model used on agriculture technology, it is just compliance with the distinctive characteristics of agriculture technology. Therefore, turnkey project model could ensure the better results and higher value of agriculture technology. Before choosing turnkey project as the business model, the technology owner or supplier needs to confirm several conditions about the target importing country or area. He has to check whether the acceptance of the technology is high, the developing restriction of the technology is few, the protection of the technology is easy, and the local government policies is supportive, to make sure this agriculture technology can enter, exit here and not to reduce his own competitiveness at the same time. Viewing the world as a market, the demand of agriculture technology is urgent and serious because the food safety and the food shortage issues are becoming more and more critical and the emerging countries are eager to have new and good technologies in developing their own countries. Taiwan’s agriculture technologies are both good at quality and quantity. Therefore, being the technology exporter with the turnkey project model is a great opportunity to Taiwan. However, there are still some challenges now in Taiwan when using turnkey project as the business model. To solve the problems, as the private firms, they have to figure out the development of the industry and the technology, and then find out the core of technologies, set up an appropriate protection and design a proper trading package. Also they need to learn more about business language and logics for better communication with their customers in the future. For the government sections, their missions are to create a friendly environment for the business executing turnkey project.

當代社會運動研究有三大途徑，「政治過程理論」探討運動所鑲嵌的政治機會和限制，「資源動員理論」強調正式與非正式組織匯集、轉化資源的能力，「新社會運動理論」關注行動者的理念與文化因素對運動的形塑過程。二○○二年十一月廿三日，超過十二萬名農漁民走上台北街頭，抗議政府企圖消滅農漁會，使民進黨政府面臨執政後最大的統治危機。本文企圖結合政治過程理論與資源動員理論，探討農民抗爭背後的政治機會結構，農漁會與「農漁會自救會」所扮演的角色，及其對農金政策的影響。 從政治機會結構觀察，以農會及以在野黨為主的政治聯盟利用政府不同部門的利益矛盾，迫使行政院放棄原有的政策；由財政部主導的金融改革小組一開始便未考量農會代表的意見，在正常溝通管道被封閉的情況下，農會自然只能透過體制外的抗爭企圖影響政策。從動員結構來看，農漁會既有的組織網絡降低了抗爭的組織成本，但其獨特的人脈化特質，很難成為其他集體行動仿效的對象。面對來自農會體系的反彈，民進黨政府迅速以農業金融法的制定釋出善意，但在相關制度未改變的基礎上，將設置的全國農業金庫與農會體系間其實存有嚴重的制度衝突。而「一一二三與農共生」運動的事過境遷，也代表重新檢討農村福利體系機會的再次喪失。

休閒農業發展至今，其經營型態十分多元且豐富，因為其擁有資源不同而發展出不同的經營型態。然而，台灣的休閒農業是由政府主導規劃來發展的，與國外由民間團體來推動有所差異；政府的政策會影響整的休閒農業的發展方向，因此政府應先確定施政方案的理念基礎，才能引導休閒農業走向明確的發展。 休閒農業內涵上還是農業，只因透過別於傳統的經營方式來獲得利潤。所以稱之為休閒農業，就代表不僅僅是以農業為本質，也必須透過提供「休閒服務」的型態來經營。其經營範圍已超出傳統農業的生產及加工的範疇，更進一步的利用農業的豐富資源從事休閒遊憩服務；在經營休閒農業所需的知識、能力和技術並非傳統農業經營所能涵蓋，因此休閒農業在定義上已非單純的傳統農業，專家學者也都認為休閒農業是具有農業的豐富資源並提供休閒的「服務業」。再者，觀看經濟部所提出的報告中，已經將休閒農業納入休閒服務業的範疇裡。因此本研究將休閒農業界定為「休閒服務業」。筆者亦認為未來休閒農業應朝向休閒服務業的方向來經營與管理。 從服務業與休閒服務業的特性及管理特性中，可以得知顧客與服務品質的重要性。此外，現今休閒農場軟硬體設施都很完善，加上越來越多的休閒農場設立，經營的策略必須走向精緻化，唯有高服務品質的休閒服務，才能像英國、德國等的渡假農莊，吸引住品牌忠誠度高的顧客，維持穩定客源。更由於「人力」素質的好壞將影響服務品質。所以，服務人員或提供服務人員後援的內部人員，都應該配合農場的經營理念來執行。休閒農業的人力資源管理架構也不例外，也就是配合農場的經營目標和理念，結合人力資源管理，著重於和顧客接觸最為密切、頻繁的服務人員(通常是第一線人員)，將重點放在：招募前先從事工作分析；遴選時挑選適合農場目標以及服務熱忱的人員；並以最合適且可行的訓練方式進行教育訓練，且評估其成效；生涯發展應重視在提供組織中員工生涯資訊，且協助員工進行自我的生涯規劃，使組織的生涯管理成為員工的生涯規劃；而勞動條件也是留住員工的關鍵因素。藉此以達到求才、選才、用才與留才的目的，維持且提升休閒農場的人力資源素質與競爭力。 本研究以國內三個具有規模且合法經營之休閒農場為個案，分為休閒農業經營、人力資源管理與勞動條件三個構面來探討，透過深度訪談的方式來了解個案休閒農場，將訪談的語言資料分析整理之後，分別以上述三個構面作出淺顯結論，說明休閒農場在休閒農業、人力資源管理與勞動條件上的現況；最後，針對休閒農場與後續研究者，提供筆者個人的建議。