Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as disputas entre os estados envolvendo a tributação pelo ICMS das operações de circulação de mercadoria contratadas pela internet. A despeito da extensa disciplina sobre o tributo na Constituição Federal de 1988, intensificam-se os conflitos entre os estados em torno do ICMS. No caso do comércio eletrônico, a internet impulsiona o aumento das operações de compra e venda realizadas de forma remota. Tendo em vista que o parâmetro de origem foi adotado pela Constituição Federal na tributação das operações interestaduais destinadas a consumidores finais não contribuintes do imposto, alguns estados sustentam que o crescimento do comércio eletrônico afeta o equilíbrio horizontal da arrecadação do ICMS. Com base nesse argumento, editaram legislações estaduais e firmaram o Protocolo ICMS nº 21/2011 para exigir a cobrança de adicional do imposto na entrada das mercadorias em seus territórios. Diante disso, em primeiro lugar, será analisado o conceito de comércio eletrônico, suas modalidades e seus modelos de negócios. Será feito também um breve exame da evolução histórica da tributação das operações de circulação de mercadoria, assim como das características do federalismo brasileiro que justificam as disputas entre os entes. Em seguida, será analisada a legitimidade dessa nova exigência tributária e a concessão de incentivos fiscais aos estabelecimentos virtuais. Por fim, serão examinadas as propostas para a solução deste conflito entre os estados. / The present work has the purpose of analyzing the disputes between Brazilian states regarding the taxation of electronic trade of goods. Despite of the extensive regulation of the Value added tax on sales and services ICMS in the Federal Constitution of 1988, the conflicts between the states are still increasing. Regarding electronic commerce, the internet enhances the expressive development of transactions performed remotely. Considering that the Federal Constitution adopted the source of principle to tax interstate transactions destined to non-taxpayers, some states claim that the expansion of electronic commerce affects the horizontal balance of the collection of ICMS. Based on that, these states published laws and celebrated the ICMS Protocol n. 21/2011 to levy a tax in the entrance of goods purchased on-line. The present study will, at first, analyze the concept of electronic commerce, its modalities and business models. Then, the historical evolution of the taxation of trade of goods will be examined, as well as the characteristics of the Brazilian federalism that may justify the disputes between the states. Afterwards, the legitimacy of this new tax levy will be scrutinized, along with the fiscal incentives granted to virtual establishments. Finally, the propositions to solve this conflict between the states will be evaluated.

Esta tese realiza uma aproximação entre os campos individual, tradicionalmente pensado pela psicologia clínica, e coletivo, normalmente objeto da psicologia social. Partindo da psicologia analítica inaugurada por Carl Jung (1875-1961), e principalmente da psicologia arquetípica, vertente pós-junguiana cujo principal autor é James Hillman (1926-2011), chega-se a um ponto em que esta separação não se faz necessária ou produtiva para analisar o material coletado. A ideia de anima mundi (alma do mundo), de inspiração neoplatônica, e os conceitos hillmanianos de patologizar e psicologizar (ou ver através) formam a base de sustentação da presente construção. Ademais, contribuições da sociologia e da antropologia contemporâneas compuseram a estrutura necessária para sua feitura final. O objetivo da tese é analisar problemáticas da vida na cidade contemporânea, especificamente refletidas em certas intervenções urbanas de caráter transgressivo e ilegais, feitas com tinta sobre edificações variadas, conhecidas como grafite (ou graffiti) e pichação (ou pixação), muito comuns na Grande São Paulo. Foram examinadas, sobretudo, as pixações tipicamente paulistas, notórias pelo formato conhecido como tag reto. Concluiu-se que a prática da pixação, além de expressar simbolicamente a violência da vida urbana, agencia laços de amizade e convivência fundamentais para muitos jovens e adolescentes. Tais criações estão ao mesmo tempo intimamente ligadas aos polos de uma intensidade vital, de um lado, e de destruição e morte, de outro; denunciam uma faceta sombria da metrópole, sendo representações do patologizar, movimento in extremis e próprio da alma (psique). Ao marcarem o espaço, sobretudo central e mais nobre da cidade, os grupos de pixadores, quase sempre oriundos dos bairros periféricos e pobres, promovem a possibilidade de um fazer-alma desta psique coletiva. Além disso, movimentos mais recentes dentro do universo da pixação levantaram a hipótese: ao se engajarem em protestos políticos, sem deixar de lado a agressividade e a transgressão próprias da pixação, promovem a passagem do patologizar ao ver através. Deixando mensagens legíveis em locais simbólicos, os pixadores abrem uma possibilidade de diálogo entre a consciência coletiva e a psique inconsciente, trabalhando complexos culturais relevantes de São Paulo, ligados à opressão / This thesis makes a rapprochement between the individual and collective fields the former traditionally developed by Clinical Psychology, and the latter by Social Psychology. Leaning on Carl Jungs (1875-1961) Analytical Psychology and on Archetypal Psychology, post- Jungian school whose main author is James Hillman (1926-2011), the material was analyzed without such separation, considered unnecessary and unproductive for the reflections achieved here. The idea of the anima mundi, inspired by the neo-platonic tradition, and Hillmans formulations of pathologizing and psychologizing (or seeing-through) form the basis of this construction. Moreover, contributions from contemporary Sociology and Anthropology compose the necessary bricks to its final workmanship. The object of study of the thesis is life in the contemporary city, specifically reflected on some transgressive and illegal urban interventions made with inks on varied edifications, known as graffiti and pixação, very common in the Great Sao Paulo. Above all, the paulista (from Sao Paulo) pixação, was examined: notorious by its specific calligraphy, called straight tag. It was concluded that the pixação, besides expressing symbolically the violence of urban life, promotes friendship and sociability fundamental for many adolescents and young people. Such creations are at the same time intimately connected to the poles of a vital intensity, on one hand, and destruction and death, on the other hand; they denounce a shadowy side of the metropolis, being representations of the pathologizing, a in extremis movement and particular from the soul (psyche). When the pixação activists (usually poor people from the outskirts) mark the space, mainly the center of the city and its noble areas, promote the possibility of a soul-making of such collective psyche. A hypothesis was also raised: as part of the pixação writers from Sao Paulo were recently involved in political manifests, they opened themselves up to a communication with a broader collectivity (including the metropolis inhabitants that are distant from this universe), without leaving aside aggression and transgression, both proper of the pixação. This would be a passage of the psyche from pathologizing to psychologizing in the present days. When they leave legible messages in symbolical sites of the city, the activists open a possibility of a dialogue between the collective consciousness and the unconscious psyche, working on relevant cultural complexes from Sao Paulo, connected to the oppression

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-15T13:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina dos Santos Rocha.pdf: 754893 bytes, checksum: b8df06916d3f7f6d3edf8fcdd62f42c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-15T13:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina dos Santos Rocha.pdf: 754893 bytes, checksum: b8df06916d3f7f6d3edf8fcdd62f42c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper intends to analyze and interpret the work A descoberta do frio (The discovery of cold) (2011), inaugural novel from Oswaldo de Camargo. The objective is to investigate the black enunciate'I' and evaluate the way the novel genre may contribute for its fictional construction. The problematics is as such: in which way the historic theme related to the Afro-Brazilian literature reveals itself as a structural contribution for the construction of the esthetic of the novel A descoberta do frio (The discovery of the cold)? Which are the historical-cultural elements that are highlightedin the constitution of the novel integrated to the esthetic of the author based on the paradigms of Afro-Brazilian Literature? The answers we have reached were by means of the hypothesis that the literature of enunciation was favored by a way to narrate that is contemporaneous and descriptive. It contributes to demonstrate the incompleteness and the silence inserted in the enunciate, as spaces reconfiguring the historical past revisited by the narrator's conscience in the narrative present, between what was said and unsaid, once justified by the metaphor of the "poetic of the cold". The investigation regarding the African-Brazilian “enunciated I” was supported by research conducted on the authors and following subthemes: “the- I-who-wants-to-be-black, by Zilá Bernd (1988); the esthetic construction of the novel genre, by the authors Massaud Moisés (1983), Stalloni (2001) and Aubrit (2002); the historical question concerning the classifications of black-Brazilian literature and African-Brazilian literature supported by Zilá Bernd (1988), Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2011), Maria Nazareth Soares Fonseca (2011); and Luiz Silva Cuti (2010); besides the contributions of Bakhtin that justify the presence of hetero speech in the novel (2015) / Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar e interpretar a obra A descoberta do frio (2011), novela inaugural de Oswaldo de Camargo. O objetivo é investigar o 'eu' enunciativo negro e avaliar a maneira como a estética do gênero novela pode contribuir para a sua construção literária. A problemática assim se descreve: Em que medida a temática histórica relacionada à literatura negro-brasileira revela-se uma contribuição estrutural para a construção ficcional da novela A descoberta do frio? Quais são os elementos histórico-culturais que se destacam na constituição da novela em integração à estética camarguiana com base nos paradigmas da Literatura Negra? A resposta alcançada por meio da hipótese descreve a leitura da enunciação concretizada por um modo de narrar ficcional descritivo, que contribuiu para demonstrar a incompletude e o silêncio inscritos no enunciado, como espaços reconfiguradores do passado histórico revisitados pela consciência do narrador no presente narrativo, entre o dito e o não-dito, uma vez justificado pela metáfora da "poética do frio". A investigação a respeito do eu enunciativo negro apoiou-se nos autores e subtemas seguintes:o eu-que-quer-ser-negro, por Zilá Bernd (1988); a construção estética do gênero novelesco, pelos autores Massaud Moisés (1983), Stalloni (2001) e Aubrit (2002); a questão histórica referente às nomenclaturas literatura negro-brasileira e literatura afro-brasileira sustentadas por Zilá Bernd (1988), Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2011), Maria Nazareth Soares Fonseca (2011); e Luiz Silva Cuti (2010); além das contribuições de Bakhtin que justificaram a presença do heterodiscurso no romance (2015)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Martins Junior.pdf: 926005 bytes, checksum: 70b13eacfdd6e648f250d7363f9e45a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This doctoral thesis entitled "Intercultural cultivations: a study of the National Education Plan (2011-2020), its fields of race and curricular possibilities" discusses and analyzes the challenges and opportunities that are set curriculum beginning of this century, marked by the intensification processes of globalization and new faces of his relationship with the National States, particularly on educational policies and, consequently, the national curricula. When considering in particular the prospects for Nestor Canclini and Terry Eagleton, this paper recognizes the cultural and contextuality of social processes, and therefore its manifestation in education and curriculum, which implies the choice of play or destabilize hegemonic models through actions of cultural hybridization and cultivation producing, via labor, material and immaterial conditions of life in society. As this scenario theoretical formulation of this work builds on the bill No. 8035/2010 proposing the PNE (National Education Plan) for the decade 2011-2020 and exposes the difficult balance between the economic development along capitalist lines and social gains in the sense emancipation in educational practices, particularly through the doings of the curriculum. The work, at its end, the tendency of the PNE to expand the possibilities of deepening capitalist logic in Brazilian society through public education, and presents flanks that represent strategic opportunities to build an educational system that promotes social and cultural diversity and intensification of cross-cultural creations through policies, practices and actions to destabilize the hegemonic cultural order in this educational doings / Esta tese de doutorado intitulada Cultivações Interculturais: um estudo sobre o Plano Nacional de Educação (2011-2020), seus campos de disputa e possibilidades curriculares discute e analisa os desafios e oportunidades curriculares que estão postos neste início de século, marcado pela intensificação dos processos de globalização e por novas faces de sua relação com os Estados Nacionais, particularmente no tocante às políticas educacionais e, consequentemente, aos currículos nacionais. Ao considerar, especialmente, as perspectivas de Nestor Canclini e Terry Eagleton, este trabalho reconhece a dimensão cultural e contextualidade dos processos sociais, e, consequentemente, sua manifestação na educação e no currículo, o que implica na opção por reproduzir ou desestabilizar os modelos hegemônicos por meio de ações de hibridização e cultivação cultural que produzem, via trabalho, as condições materiais e imateriais da vida em sociedade. Como cenário desta formulação teórica este trabalho toma como base o projeto de lei nº 8035/2010 que propõe o PNE (Plano Nacional de Educação) para o decênio 2011-2020 e expõe a difícil conciliação entre desenvolvimento econômico nos moldes capitalistas e ganhos sociais no sentido da emancipação nas práticas educacionais, particularmente por meio dos fazeres curriculares. O trabalho, em seu final, apresenta a tendência do PNE em ampliar as possibilidades de aprofundamento da lógica capitalista na sociedade brasileira por meio da educação pública, assim como apresenta flancos que representam possibilidades estratégicas para a construção de um sistema educacional que promova a diversidade sociocultural e a intensificação de criações interculturais por meio de políticas, ações e práticas de desestabilização da ordem cultural hegemônica presente nos fazeres educacionais

Klimatförändringar orsakade av utsläpp av växthusgaser är ett globalt problem. I Sverigestår byggbranschen för en stor del av landets klimatpåverkan och det i kombination meden expansiv samhällsbyggnad utgör en stor utmaning för framtiden. Kunskap om hurbyggbranschen kan minska sina växthusgasutsläpp är därför relevant. I den här studienanalyseras befintliga livscykelanalyser utförda på byggnader för att avgöra hur den totalaklimatpåverkan för en byggnad fördelas över dess livscykel. Studien innefattar ävennärmare analys kring vad som orsakar betydande klimatpåverkan i olika skeden av enbyggnads livscykel. En inventering av befintliga studier utfördes med metoden för ensystematisk litteraturöversikt som grund där ett sökprotokoll utformas med sökord ochsökstrategier. Materialet har sedan systematiskt gallrats enligt satta kriterier tills detslutgiltiga urvalet resulterade i 17 studier till analys. Dessa studiers resultatsammanställdes enligt moduluppdelningen i standarden Hållbarhet för byggnadsverk SS-EN 15978:2011, både i absoluta tal och andel av byggnadens totala klimatpåverkan.Modulerna, som motsvarar skeden i en byggnads livscykel, jämfördes med varandra föratt utröna hur klimatpåverkan var fördelad över livscykeln. Bidragande faktorer inomvarje modul studerades för att identifiera faktorer med betydande klimatpåverkan somorsakade en stor skillnad mot övriga moduler. Analysen visar på två skeden som harbetydligt större klimatpåverkan än övriga: produktion av material och konstruktionsdelarsamt drift av byggnaden. Faktorer som är betydande för dessa två skeden är användandetav betong, byggnadens beräknade livslängd samt andelen fossil el som används viddriften av byggnaden framförallt för uppvärmning. Analysmaterialet innehöll storavariationer i syfte och därmed tillvägagångssätt vilket försvårade analysen och visar påbristen av ett gemensamt arbetssätt. Denna studie synliggör behovet av fortsatta studiersom berör biomaterial som kolsänka, framtida arbetssätt med livscykelanalyser, andrafaktorer som markanvändning, skogsbruk och ekonomi samt miljöpåverkanskategorierutöver klimatpåverkan. Detta kan leda till ett utvecklat arbete med att minskabyggbranschens klimatpåverkan. / Climate change as a result of greenhouse gas emissions is a global issue. A large part ofSweden’s climate impact originates from the construction industry and in combinationwith an expansive urban planning it constitutes a big challenge for the future. Knowledgeof how the construction industry can reduce its greenhouse gas emissions is thereforerelevant. In this study, previous life cycle assessment studies on buildings were analyzedto determine how the total climate impact of a building is distributed over its life cycle.Included in this study is also a closer look on what causes considerable climate impact inthe different stages of a building’s life cycle. An inventory of previous studies wasperformed based on the method of a systematic literature review were a search protocolwith search phrases and strategies are constructed. The material went through a systematicscreening process according to certain criteria that resulted in 17 studies used for analysis.A matrix was made of the result of these studies according to the modules in the Europeanstandard Sustainability of construction works EN 15978:2011, with both absolutenumbers and share of total impact. The modules, which represents different phases in abuilding’s life cycle, were compared to each other to establish how climate impact wasdistributed over the life cycle. Contributing factors in each module were examined toidentify factors with considerable climate impact causing modules to differ. The analysisshowed two phases with noticeably bigger impact than the rest: production of materialsand construction parts and the buildings use phase. Factors important for the impact fromthese two phases were the use of concrete, the buildings assumed life span and the amountof fossil electricity used during the use phase, in particular for heating. The analyzedmaterial contained big variations in goal and scope and therefore also assessmentapproach which complicated the analysis and shows the lack of a unified assessmentprocedure. This study shows the need for more studies concerning embodied carbonemissions and the use of bio-based materials, strategies for using life cycle assessmentsin construction, other factors with impact on a building’s sustainability such as land use,forestry, economy and environmental impact categories besides climate change. Thiscould lead to further developed work on reducing climate impact from construction.

Denna C-uppsats analyserar genom kvalitativt innehållsanalytiska metoder utvalda delar av BBC:s bevakning av upploppen i England i augusti 2011. Metodmodellen är egenkonstruerad, men använder element ur kritisk diskursanalys (CDA, Faircloughs tillämpningar), samt delar av de metodverktyg som tas upp i Selby och Cowderys metodhandbok How to Study Television. Materialet undersöks i fyra steg: konstruktion, kategori/genre, inverkan/agency samt diskursiv praktik/nyhetsvärdering. Teorin som tjänar som bas för undersökningen består av litteratur inom ämnesområdet journalistik och samhälle, med stor fokus på relationen dem sinsemellan. Uppsatsens syfte är att belysa hur social skiktning och rådande diskurser spelar in i representationen av olika samhällsgrupper i BBC:s nyhetsrapportering, med rapporteringen kring upploppen som exempel på hur representationen kan se ut. De centrala frågeställningar som uppsatsens analysdel ämnar besvara är hur individer från olika samhällsskikt tilldelas rätten att definiera upploppen, och hur denna tilldelning av definitionsrätt påverkar innehållet i nyhetsinslagen. Vissa avgränsningar görs för undersökningen. Då analysen görs på ett relativt litet urval bestående av tre nyhetsinslag (alla tre är intervjuer) görs i uppsatsen inga anspråk på att dra några slutsatser gällande rapporteringen kring upploppen i stort, eller kring BBC:s rapportering generellt. Från resultaten kan det konstateras att det finns stora skillnader i identitetskonstruktionen av de olika individerna i nyhetsinslagen, och att representation och tillåtelsen till definition av nyhetshändelsen skiljer sig tydligt mellan inslagen. En vit butiksinnehaverska i yngre medelåldern representeras med en stark positiv identitet, och får föra ut sitt budskap fritt och ostört. Hennes definition av händelserna och de inblandade människorna tillåts dominera inslaget totalt och därmed legitimeras. Övriga individer, två unga flickor och en svart journalist i övre medelåldern kommer inte i närheten av att på allvar få definiera händelserna, och representeras betydligt mer negativt och som svagare individer. Sammantaget kan det konstateras att det i materialet finns en grov skevhet och allvarliga skillnader i rätten att få definiera händelser i sin omvärld.

Offentlig upphandling är inte endast ett sätt att tillförskaffa sig varor, utan kan också användas som ett samhällspolitiskt instrument för att verka för sociala mål som ställts upp. Hur de varor och tjänster som upphandlas produceras inverkar på de arbetsrättsliga och sociala förhållandena i leverantörskedjan, och genom att ställa sociala krav vid en offentlig upphandling kan den upphandlande myndigheten förstärka förtroendet hos invånarna. Trots en omfattande EU-rättslig reglering på området är det idag dock osäkert vilka möjligheter den upphandlande myndigheten ges att ställa arbetsrättsliga krav på leverantören av upphandlingsföremålet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda i vilken omfattning en upphandlande myndighet kan ställa arbetsrättsliga krav vid en offentlig upphandling, samt utreda om förslaget till nytt klassiskt upphandlingsdirektiv kommer innebära några förändringar för den upphandlande myndigheten vad gäller möjligheten att ställa arbetsrättsliga krav.  Av uppsatsen framkommer att det inte finns någon klar gräns vilka arbetsrättsliga krav den upphandlande myndigheten får ställa på leverantören vid en offentlig upphandling. Den största möjligheten att ställa ett arbetsrättsligt krav torde föreligga om kravet ställs såsom ett tilldelningskriterium, då EU-domstolen har klargjort att sociala krav får ställas för att tillgodose behov hos personer samt att ett tilldelningskriterium inte behöver vara kopplat till upphandlingsföremålet, utan det kan vara kopplat till hur en vara eller tjänst produceras. Förändringarna i förslaget till nytt klassiskt upphandlingsdirektiv innebär inte att möjligheterna att ställa arbetsrättsliga krav vid en offentlig upphandling ökar, dock ges den upphandlande myndigheten genom förslaget mer stöd i valet av vilka arbetsrättsliga krav som är tillåtna att ställa. / Public procurement is not only a method to acquire goods, but can also be used as a sociopolitical device to gain social visions. The method that supplied goods and services are produced by affect the labor and social conditions in the supply chain. By acquiring social conditions in a public procurement the procuring authority may strengthen the reliance of the citizens. Despite a comprehensive EU legislation in the area, it is uncertain which labor requirements the procuring authority may impose the supplier. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent a procuring authority may impose labor requirements in a public procurement, and to investigate if the proposal to a new procurement directive will result in an opportunity to impose labor requirements on the supplier. This thesis has concluded that it is not clear what labor requirements the procuring authority may demand the supplier of a public procurement. The biggest opportunity to demand a labor requirement to a supplier is by using award criteria. The Court of Justice of the European Union have clarified that social requirements may be used to meet needs of individuals and that award criteria do not need to be connected to the object of the procurement, but can be connected to the production of the goods or services of the contract. The thesis has also shown that the changes in the proposal to a new procurement directive do not increase the possibilities to require labor requirements in a public procurement. However, it does give the procuring authority further support in the choice of which labor requirements it may require.

Lesen ist in unserer heutigen von Informationen und Medien geprägten Gesellschaft nicht nur eine Notwendigkeit. Eine gut entwickelte Lesekompetenz ist auch die Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Schul- und Ausbildungslaufbahn. Diese und ähnliche Aussagen sind das Ergebnis zahlreicher Studien der vergangenen 15 Jahre, die die Schulleistungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen untersucht haben. Vor allem die ernüchternden Ergebnisse der PISAStudie 2000, die die im internationalen Vergleich nur unterdurchschnittliche Fähigkeit der deutschen Teenager, Texten gezielt Informationen zu entnehmen und die Inhalte zu verstehen, aufzeigten, waren Anlass zum Aktionismus. Es wurde heftig diskutiert und man schritt in der Praxis zur Tat. So wurden über die Jahre zahlreiche Projekte zur Leseförderung ins Leben gerufen. Eines dieser Projekte ist die Ferienleseaktion der sächsischen Öffentlichen Bibliotheken „Buchsommer Sachsen“.

Due to the interest of starting a preschool with a scout profile in my circle of acquaintances I chose to write my report about how the scout method would work in a preschool. I did this by comparing the origin of scouting and preschool. I based my report on the following questions: Are there any similarities or differences with curriculum, education act and the scout method that can make it easier/harder to work with the scout method in the preschool? There are many theorists that have had influence on the preschool. Give some examples of their theories that could affect the scout preschool? What is the difference between a teacher and a scout leader? What would a preschool look like if you included the scout method in the daily activity? With the help of my literature studies I compared the scout method against the laws and rules to make sure that the scout method doesn’t contradict them. The result I came to is that you can work by the scout method in a preschool.I base this on that the education act is a law, the curriculum is a guideline and the scout method is the basic principles. This means that you can have the scout method as the basic principles of a preschool.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Malmö stad använder sig av evenemang för en ökad attraktionskraft.  Studiens syfte och frågeställningar har besvarats genom intervjuer med Malmö stad, Malmö Turistbyrå, Tourism in Skåne och Event in Skåne. Insamlingen av empiri har utförts genom kvalitativa telefonintervjuer samt en kvalitativ mailintervju, alla dessa baserades på ett icke-sannolikhetsurval gällande urvalet av respondenter. Samtliga intervjuer har haft öppna frågor och varit semistrukturerade. Intervjufrågorna har utformats utifrån studiens frågeställningar och har anpassats efter respektive respondent. I studien har även en litteraturstudie genomförts utifrån tre rapporter med fokus på de effekter som uppstod genom Handbolls-VM 2011. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgår från förklaring av attraktionskraft, typer av evenemang, effekter av evenemang, evenemangsturism, samarbete och image. Undersökningen har strukturerats upp utefter de intervjuer och litteraturstudie som har gjorts. Gemensamma rubriker har skapats för att få en tydligare struktur och en röd tråd för att göra studien läsvänlig. Analysen har strukturerats upp utifrån studiens frågeställningar. Slutsatsen av studien är att Malmös attraktionskraft ökar genom evenemang då staden har ett bra utvecklat samarbete mellan stadens aktörer. Detta gör att staden skapar möjligheter för att arrangera fler attraktiva evenemang. Attraktionskraften ökar även genom att det finns en medvetenhet i staden när det gäller vilka positiva effekter evenemang kan bidra till, exempelvis att stärka stadens image, skapa en bättre gemenskap bland lokalbefolkningen och ett ökat besöksantal. Studien visar att både Handbolls-VM 2011 och Eurovision Song Contest 2013 har bidragit till ovanstående effekter.