Global ETD Search

501	Influencers Endorsement Advertising Methods On Different Social Media Platforms Annaloro, Sophia R 01 January 2024 (has links) (PDF) Social media marketing has opened a unique spot for Social Media Influencers. With their fame comes a lot of power over their follower's actions. Many things are at play when an influencer works with a brand to create promotional content for a product. Flow theory suggests that an abrupt advertisement does not match the pace or aesthetic of the content they are currently consuming. When one's viewing is abruptly interrupted by an advertisement, the consumers are now aggravated by the product. Distinctive characteristics of different platforms are likely to develop flow differently. This study analyzed how passive versus active product placement differentially affects purchase intention and other consumer responses on TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube platforms. Advertising and Promotion Management Communication Technology and New Media E-Commerce Film and Media Studies Marketing Mass Communication Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Social Media
502	Subliminal priming : Manipulation till att välja en specifik kulör på plastpåse / Subliminal priming : Manipulation to choose a specific colour on a plastic bag Nordberg, Rickard January 2014 (has links) Primad information är lättare tillgängligt i minnet och kan således lättare bli igenkänt. Förutsättningar för priming är bland annat subliminal perception, mål, tillförlitlighet, icke vaksamt och icke vanemässigt. Studiens syfte är att få bredare förståelse gällande subliminal primings påverkan. Frågeställningen var om kunder i en affär kan manipuleras, primas, till att ta en specifik kulör på plastpåse vid kassan samt om det finns någon könsskillnad vid effekten av priming. Deltagarna var 490 kunder, varav 333 män. Två olika skyltar med olika kulörer placerades vid kassan. Det noterades om kunderna valde den primade kulören på plastpåse eller inte. Kontrollgruppen bestod av 117 personer och dessa fick inte se någon skylt. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad, deltagarna valde samma kulör på plastpåse som skylten. Inga könsskillnader påträffades. Forskning visar att primingeffekter kan motstridas genom att individen gör sig medveten av potentiell omedveten påverkan. / Primed information is more accessible in memory and can thus easily be recognized. Prerequisites for priming include subliminal perception, goals, reliability, non alert and non habitually. The study aims to gain broader understanding regarding subliminal primings influence. The purpose of this thesis was to see whether the customers in a store could be manipulated, primed, to take a specific colour on plastic bags at checkout and if there are any gender differences in the effect of priming. Participants were 490 customers, of whom 333 men. Two different signs with different colours were placed at the checkout. It was noted if customers chose the primed colour of the plastic bag or not. The results showed a significant difference, the participants chose the same colour on the plastic bag as the sign. No gender differences were found. Research shows that priming effects can be opposed if people make themselves aware of potential unconscious influences. priming subliminal elections bag color colour psychology nordberg Rickard mdh mälardalen Eskilstuna Västerås sps126 behavioral behavioral course hvv health care welfare essay c-essay advertisement gender decision making gender advertising perception marketing emotion technique Swedish law colors people individuals plastic bag popcorn Vicary manipulation specific business shop trend alcohol choice Choosing decision making behaviour priming subliminal val påse färg kulör psykologi nordberg rickard mdh mälardalen eskilstuna västerås sps126 beteendevetenskap beteendevetare kurs hvv hälsa vård välfärd uppsats c-uppsats colour advertisement gender decision making kön reklam perception marknadsföring emotion metod svensk lag färger människor individer plastpåse påse popcorn vicary manipulation specifik affär shop trend alkohol examen beteende
503	Marketing de alimentos e obesidade infantil: diretrizes para regulamentação / Food marketing and childhood obesity: guidelines for regulation. Dantas, Newton José de Oliveira 06 April 2015 (has links) Introdução - A obesidade infantil está pautada como assunto de saúde pública e exige a análise, implementação e avaliação de novas intervenções. O marketing é apontado como um dos fatores que interferem no aumento do índice de sobrepeso e de obesidade da população. As estratégias de comunicação publicitária se utilizam de processos cognitivos para determinar, através de elementos emocionais do receptor, a escolha e o consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, já que os publicitários respondem à demanda das empresas que buscam lucrar com seus produtos. Já se afirma que a regulamentação legal do marketing dos alimentos infantis não saudáveis deve ser adotada como instrumento de política pública na prevenção da obesidade. Assim, justifica-se a investigação de quais seriam as formas mais apropriadas para regular esse tipo de marketing no Brasil, de forma a garantir o direito à saúde e à alimentação adequada e saudável. Objetivo - Analisar o papel do marketing como um dos determinantes da obesidade infantil, buscando apontar, no campo jurídico, estratégias para a sua regulamentação no Brasil. Métodos - Revisão de literatura, análise de textos legislativos e de programas adotados para controle da obesidade infantil, além de entrevistas com representantes de entidades e profissionais diretamente ligados à implementação de políticas públicas, nacionais e internacionais, de controle da nutrição e saúde infantil, bem como de proteção dos direitos do consumidor infanto-juvenil. A interpretação dos dados levantados deu-se através do método científico dedutivo. Resultados - O crescente índice de obesidade no Brasil está demonstrado através de pesquisa nacional. A presença de alimentos no mercado com excesso de sal, gordura e açúcar precisa ser controlada. As teorias de comunicação explicam a influência do marketing na decisão emocional do consumidor. Os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada e saudável estão previstos na Constituição Federal. Conclusão - A regulamentação legal do marketing de alimentos não saudáveis é juridicamente possível e suas diretrizes devem focar os alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, além dos fatores que facilitam a persuasão da criança, impedindo o uso de elementos emocionais. / Introduction - Childhood obesity is considered a public health issue and requires the analysis, implementation and evaluation of new interventions. Marketing is considered as one of the factors that play a role in the increase of overweight and obesity rates in the population. Advertisement strategies use cognitive processes to determine, by means of emotional elements of the receptor, the choice and consumption of unhealthy foods, since advertisement professionals respond to the demand of companies willing to make a profit by selling their their products. The regulation of the marketing of unhealthy foods for children must be adopted as a public policy instrument for the prevention of obesity. Thus, we should investigate what are the most appropriate ways to regulate this kind of marketing in Brazil to guarantee the right to health and to adequate and healthy foods. Objective - Analyze the role of marketing as one of the determinants of childhood obesity, and try to identify legal strategies for its regulation in Brazil. Methods - Literature review, analysis of legal texts and programs implemented for the control of childhood obesity and interviews with representatives of institutions and professionals directly related to the implementation of public national and international policies for the control of childhood nutrition and health, as well as the protection of children and youth consumer rights. Deductive scientific method was used to interpret data. Results - Increasing obesity rates have been demonstrated by national surveys. The presence of foods with excessive salt, fat and sugar in market must be controlled. Communication theories explain the influence of marketing in the emotional decision of consumers. The right to health and to adequate and healthy foods is determined by the Federal Constitution. Conclusion - It is possible to regulate the marketing of unhealthy foods according to the law. The guidelines for regulation must focus on processed and ultra processed foods and the factors that facilitate persuasion of children, by prohibiting the use of emotional elements. Advertisement Alimentação Saudável e Adequada Alimento Processado e Ultraprocessado Childhood and Youth Childhood Obesity Direito à Saúde Direitos Fundamentais Economic Freedom Fundamental Rights Healthy and Adequate Foods Infância e Juventude Liberdade Econômica Marketing Marketing Obesidade Infantil Processed and Ultra Processed Foods Public Health Publicidade Regulamentação Sanitária Rights to Health Sanitary Regulation Saúde Pública
504	Och nu blir det reklamfilm : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av de sju svenska politiska reklamfilmerna inför EU-valet 2009 Larsson, Elin, Heikensten, Johan January 2010 (has links) <p><strong>Och nu blir det reklamfilm - En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av de sju svenska politiska reklamfilmerna inför EU-valet 2009</strong></p><p>Seminar date: 2010-01-14</p><p>Department: Media- and Communication science</p><p>Report category: Degree project undergraduate level</p><p>Authors: Johan Heikensten and Elin Larsson</p><p>Advisor: Kristoffer Holt</p><p>Purpose: When TV4 for the first time offered advertising time to the Swedish political parties for the upcoming election of the European Parliament in 2009, a huge debate broke loose in the media. Regardless of opinions on the matter, we find it safe to say that political television commercials will have a great influence on future election campaigns in Sweden. Hence, we find it of great interest and importance to examine these seven commercials in order to look for tendencies, strategies and trends within the material. Theories: The theory chapter includes Communication, Political communication, Videostyle, Commercial strategies, Rhetoric and Semiotics. Methodology: The survey is based upon two qualitative analyses, a rhetorical analysis and a semiotic analysis. The rhetorical analysis emphasizes ethos, logos and pathos, while the semiotic analysis focuses on connotations, settings and symbols. In addition we have considered certain elements of the Videostyle-concept while examining the commercials. Conclusions: The seven commercials vary in style. The majority of the spots bring up some kind of political issue, although the issues tend to be vague. Three of the commercials present more specific stands on certain issue matters. Overall the spots have a positive focus, concentrating on their own candidate/party. The only negative spot is the Junilistan spot, which fulfills the expectations of the party as a typical challenger. Moderaterna, on the other hand, fulfill the incumbent strategy. Common trends among the spots are the use of political celebrities within the party in order to strengthen the candidacy. The settings are mainly informal and outdoors. Ethnical symbols of are frequently used, especially in the Folkpartiet spots.</p><p>Key words: political advertisement, commercials, advertising strategies, negative advertising, issue, image, rhetorical analysis, semiotics, rhetoric, videostyle, communication, EU-election</p> / <p><strong>Och nu blir det reklamfilm - En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av de sju svenska politiska reklamfilmerna inför EU-valet 2009 </strong></p><p><strong></strong>Seminariedatum: 2010-01-14</p><p>Institution: Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, Mittuniversitetet, Sundsvall</p><p>Rapporttyp: C-uppsats, kandidatnivå</p><p>Författare: Johan Heikensten och Elin Larsson</p><p>Handledare: Kristoffer Holt</p><p>Syfte: När TV4 för första gången erbjöd de svenska politiska partierna reklamplats inför EU-parlamentsvalet 2009 orsakade det stor debatt i media. Oavsett vilken åsikt man har i ämnet så är det rimligt att tro att införandet av politisk tv-reklam kommer att förändra framtida valkampanjer. Slutspurten av valkampanjer har de senaste decennierna fått ökad betydelse och tillsammans med en sjunkande partiidentifikation bland väljarna ser vi förutsättningar för att den politiska tv-reklamen kommer ha stor chans att påverka framtida valresultat. Med anledning av detta finner vi det både intressant och viktigt att undersöka hur de sju svenska pionjärfilmerna från EU- parlamentsvalet 2009 är utformade. Genom att studera filmerna på djupet söker vi efter strategier och tendenser i materialet. Teori: .Den teoretiska grunden börjar i kommunikation och fortsätter via politisk kommunikation till djupdykningar inom reklamstrategier och videostyle. I teorin finns även retorik och semiotik som bakgrund för de analyser vi har använt oss av i metoden. Metod: Vår undersökning har utförts genom två kvalitativa innehållsanalyser av de sju politiska reklamfilmerna som sändes på TV4 inför EU-valet 2009, vilket är ett totalurval. Den retoriska analysen fokuserar på etos, logos och patos medan bildanalysen fokuserar på konnotationer, miljöer och symboler. Vi har även betraktat materialet utifrån de videostyle-begrepp som tas upp i teorin. Slutsats: De olika partierna använder sig av väldigt olika stilar i sina reklamfilmer. De flesta av dem tar upp någon sorts sakfråga eller politisk linje, även om dessa tenderar att vara väldigt vaga. Tre av filmerna tar upp konkreta sakfrågor. Generellt genomsyras filmerna av positiv reklam för det egna partiet, med uppbyggande av den egna imagen och de egna sakfrågorna. Negativ reklam är mer sällsynt i det undersökta materialet. Endast Junilistans reklamfilm har ett genomgående negativt fokus, vilket också stämmer in på dess position som utmanarparti. Moderaterna uppfyller i sin tur sin roll som utmanarens motsats, incumbents. Gemensamma trender bland filmerna är att använda sig av partiledare eller någon annan symbol för att stärka förtroendet för den aktuelle kandidaten. Samtliga filmer utspelar sig i informella miljöer. Symboler som kan sammankopplas med folklighet används också flititgt, framför allt i Folkpartiets filmer.</p><p>Nyckelord: politisk tv-reklam, reklamfilm, reklamstrategi, utmanarstrategi, negativ reklam, issue, image, bildanalys, retorisk analys, semiotik, retorik, videostyle, kommunikation, EU-val, incumbent.</p> Political advertisement commercials advertising strategies negative advertising issue image rhetorical analysis semiotics rhetoric videostyle communication EU-election politisk tv-reklam reklamfilm reklamstrategi utmanarstrategi negativ reklam sakfråga image bildanalys retorisk analys semiotik retorik videostyle kommunikation EU-val incumbent Media and communication studies Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap
505	Och nu blir det reklamfilm : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av de sju svenska politiska reklamfilmerna inför EU-valet 2009 Larsson, Elin, Heikensten, Johan January 2010 (has links) Och nu blir det reklamfilm - En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av de sju svenska politiska reklamfilmerna inför EU-valet 2009 Seminar date: 2010-01-14 Department: Media- and Communication science Report category: Degree project undergraduate level Authors: Johan Heikensten and Elin Larsson Advisor: Kristoffer Holt Purpose: When TV4 for the first time offered advertising time to the Swedish political parties for the upcoming election of the European Parliament in 2009, a huge debate broke loose in the media. Regardless of opinions on the matter, we find it safe to say that political television commercials will have a great influence on future election campaigns in Sweden. Hence, we find it of great interest and importance to examine these seven commercials in order to look for tendencies, strategies and trends within the material. Theories: The theory chapter includes Communication, Political communication, Videostyle, Commercial strategies, Rhetoric and Semiotics. Methodology: The survey is based upon two qualitative analyses, a rhetorical analysis and a semiotic analysis. The rhetorical analysis emphasizes ethos, logos and pathos, while the semiotic analysis focuses on connotations, settings and symbols. In addition we have considered certain elements of the Videostyle-concept while examining the commercials. Conclusions: The seven commercials vary in style. The majority of the spots bring up some kind of political issue, although the issues tend to be vague. Three of the commercials present more specific stands on certain issue matters. Overall the spots have a positive focus, concentrating on their own candidate/party. The only negative spot is the Junilistan spot, which fulfills the expectations of the party as a typical challenger. Moderaterna, on the other hand, fulfill the incumbent strategy. Common trends among the spots are the use of political celebrities within the party in order to strengthen the candidacy. The settings are mainly informal and outdoors. Ethnical symbols of are frequently used, especially in the Folkpartiet spots. Key words: political advertisement, commercials, advertising strategies, negative advertising, issue, image, rhetorical analysis, semiotics, rhetoric, videostyle, communication, EU-election / Och nu blir det reklamfilm - En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av de sju svenska politiska reklamfilmerna inför EU-valet 2009 Seminariedatum: 2010-01-14 Institution: Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, Mittuniversitetet, Sundsvall Rapporttyp: C-uppsats, kandidatnivå Författare: Johan Heikensten och Elin Larsson Handledare: Kristoffer Holt Syfte: När TV4 för första gången erbjöd de svenska politiska partierna reklamplats inför EU-parlamentsvalet 2009 orsakade det stor debatt i media. Oavsett vilken åsikt man har i ämnet så är det rimligt att tro att införandet av politisk tv-reklam kommer att förändra framtida valkampanjer. Slutspurten av valkampanjer har de senaste decennierna fått ökad betydelse och tillsammans med en sjunkande partiidentifikation bland väljarna ser vi förutsättningar för att den politiska tv-reklamen kommer ha stor chans att påverka framtida valresultat. Med anledning av detta finner vi det både intressant och viktigt att undersöka hur de sju svenska pionjärfilmerna från EU- parlamentsvalet 2009 är utformade. Genom att studera filmerna på djupet söker vi efter strategier och tendenser i materialet. Teori: .Den teoretiska grunden börjar i kommunikation och fortsätter via politisk kommunikation till djupdykningar inom reklamstrategier och videostyle. I teorin finns även retorik och semiotik som bakgrund för de analyser vi har använt oss av i metoden. Metod: Vår undersökning har utförts genom två kvalitativa innehållsanalyser av de sju politiska reklamfilmerna som sändes på TV4 inför EU-valet 2009, vilket är ett totalurval. Den retoriska analysen fokuserar på etos, logos och patos medan bildanalysen fokuserar på konnotationer, miljöer och symboler. Vi har även betraktat materialet utifrån de videostyle-begrepp som tas upp i teorin. Slutsats: De olika partierna använder sig av väldigt olika stilar i sina reklamfilmer. De flesta av dem tar upp någon sorts sakfråga eller politisk linje, även om dessa tenderar att vara väldigt vaga. Tre av filmerna tar upp konkreta sakfrågor. Generellt genomsyras filmerna av positiv reklam för det egna partiet, med uppbyggande av den egna imagen och de egna sakfrågorna. Negativ reklam är mer sällsynt i det undersökta materialet. Endast Junilistans reklamfilm har ett genomgående negativt fokus, vilket också stämmer in på dess position som utmanarparti. Moderaterna uppfyller i sin tur sin roll som utmanarens motsats, incumbents. Gemensamma trender bland filmerna är att använda sig av partiledare eller någon annan symbol för att stärka förtroendet för den aktuelle kandidaten. Samtliga filmer utspelar sig i informella miljöer. Symboler som kan sammankopplas med folklighet används också flititgt, framför allt i Folkpartiets filmer. Nyckelord: politisk tv-reklam, reklamfilm, reklamstrategi, utmanarstrategi, negativ reklam, issue, image, bildanalys, retorisk analys, semiotik, retorik, videostyle, kommunikation, EU-val, incumbent. Political advertisement commercials advertising strategies negative advertising issue image rhetorical analysis semiotics rhetoric videostyle communication EU-election politisk tv-reklam reklamfilm reklamstrategi utmanarstrategi negativ reklam sakfråga image bildanalys retorisk analys semiotik retorik videostyle kommunikation EU-val incumbent Media and communication studies Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap
506	Kauno miesto gyventojų savigydos ypatumai esant virškinimo trakto sutrikimams / Self-medication in Gastrointestinal disorders of the citizens of Kaunas city Juodelytė, Elita 08 July 2006 (has links) Final master work, 41 pages, 15 graphical scheme, 6 tables, 29 references and 2 annex. Keywords: Sociological investigation, self-medication, popularity of self-medication, treatment and self-treatment, medicaments, OTC drugs, non-OTC drugs, advertisement, respondent, gastro intestinal disorder, pharmacist in self-medication, herbal remedies. Self-medication should be understood as a treatment of easy and uncomplicated disorder without the help of a health care specialist. Self-medication process occur when the self-healer can exactly realize his or her disorder or symptoms of his or her disease, they can chose the most suitable medicament and use it properly for not longer than 7 days. The proper self-medicament should not cause any undesirable effects and worsen the patient’s health condition. Only OTC drug are suitable in self-medication. Before start using the medicament, the patient should always read carefully the note and information leaflet. Work object: citizen of Kaunas City. Work subject: patients, 2nd year students of the Technological University of Kaunas (KTU), company workers. Work aim: Evaluate the self-healing between the citizen of Kaunas City suffering from Gastrointestinal tract disorder. Task work: 1. Theoretical analysis of self-medication 2. Investigate the gastrointestinal problems between the citizen of Kaunas city. 3. Investigate the treatment peculiarity between the citizen of Kaunas city. Method of analysis :... [to full text] Pharmacy Medicaments Receptiniai vaistai Sociologinis tyrimas Non-OTC drugs Reklama Treatment and self-treatment Popularity of self-medication Pharmacist in self-medication Advertisement Savigydos vaistininkai Respondentai Gastro intestinal disorder Gydymasis Nereceptiniai vaistai Respondent Savigydos populiarumas Virškinimo trakto sutrikimai Medikamentai Herbal remedies Savigyda
507	Mediální výchova v hodinách anglického jazyka / Media Education in English Language Classes SERVÍTOVÁ, Jana January 2011 (has links) This diploma thesis focuses on Media Education in English language classes. The first section introduces media in general and deals with media education and its place in Framework Educational Programme for grammar schools. Next part monitors the ways of using media education in other school subjects and describes methodology itself. On the basis of this knowledge some of the methodological books are analysed. The last part of the first section introduces advertisements and their main characteristics. The second section presents a project of media education which is called Advertisement and Slogan. The project was prepared to be used in three English lessons. The structure, aims and methods of each of them as well as lesson plans and the process of each lesson are described in detail. The final part is devoted to students? and teacher?s evaluations.
508	As políticas públicas antitabagistas e os efeitos à competição no mercado brasileiro de cigarro: uma análise crítica para debate Nascimento, Rodrigo Zingales Oller 15 February 2012 (has links) Submitted by Rodrigo Zingales Oller do Nascimento (zingales@zgadv.com.br) on 2012-03-14T14:41:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Publicada.pdf: 4563422 bytes, checksum: cbb36d8289303a5dfb89127251830a30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-03-14T17:37:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Publicada.pdf: 4563422 bytes, checksum: cbb36d8289303a5dfb89127251830a30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-14T18:01:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Publicada.pdf: 4563422 bytes, checksum: cbb36d8289303a5dfb89127251830a30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Neste trabalho faz-se uma análise crítica sobre a atual política antitabagista brasileira e propõe-se sua reformulação de forma a compatibilizar, de um lado, os interesses de saúde pública e arrecadatórios e, de outro, os interesses dos agentes econômicos instalados no mercado, especialmente aqueles de pequeno e médio porte, de forma a se evitar a monopolização privada do setor e incentivar a inovação de produtos que não façam mal à saúde dos indivíduos. Para contextualizar a análise, faz-se uma revisão histórica sucinta do crescimento do consumo de cigarro em nível mundial, dos efeitos desse consumo à saúde pública e das principais medidas implementadas em nível global para o combate ao consumo, fabricação e comercialização de cigarros, explicitadas na Convenção-Quadro da Organização Mundial da Saúde de 2003, e que conta atualmente com a adesão de mais de 170 países. Apresenta-se também a política brasileira para erradicação do consumo de cigarro, que contempla, dentre outras medidas, restrições à propaganda e venda de cigarros, à entrada de novos fabricantes, ao teor de nicotina, alcatrão e de monóxido de carbono liberado, ao consumo em locais públicos e, ainda, medidas de natureza fiscal para elevação do preço do bem e o combate ao contrabando. Discutem-se as consequências das políticas antitabagistas brasileiras na estrutura de mercado e na dinâmica competitiva doméstica, destacando-se os efeitos anticompetitivos decorrentes das restrições à publicidade de cigarros e da adoção de um sistema de tributação fixa para o Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados - IPI, incidente sobre a fabricação e comercialização de cigarro. Analisam-se criticamente os modelos teóricos para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que objetivam uma intervenção direta do Estado nas atividades de fabricação e distribuição de cigarro. Finalmente, nesse estudo propõem-se, para discussão e debate, ajustes na atual política brasileira antitabagista, que compatibilizem as preocupações com saúde pública, arrecadação, competição e inovação, recomendando para tanto a criação de uma agência reguladora para coordenar os agentes do setor e, em especial, para a fixação de um preço mínimo de revenda para os cigarros; de um sistema de quotas máximas por fabricante, para produção de cigarros; e, ainda, a divulgação de marcas de cigarros que reduzissem ou até mesmo eliminassem os problemas à saúde dos indivíduos. / In this work, a critical analysis of the present Brazilian antismoking policy is presented along with the proposal of its reformulation aiming at harmonizing public health and tax revenue collection, and, simultaneously, meeting the interests of economical agents, specifically those of small and medium size companies, in order to avoid the private monopolization of this sector and to improve research and development of “good” cigarettes. To contextualize the analysis, an overviewed historical revision of the global growth of the tobacco consumption, its effects on public health, and the main measures implemented globally to reduce the consumption, manufacturing and sales of cigarettes are presented. These measures are specified in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, issued in 2003 by the World Health Organization, and followed by more than 170 countries. We also introduce the Brazilian policy for the eradication of cigarette consumption, which contemplate, among others, restrictions to: propaganda and cigarette sales, entry of new manufacturers in the local market, nicotine and tar cigarette content and carbon monoxide liberation, and smoking in public places. Additionally, tax measures to increase the cigarette price and to combat cigarette smuggling are also specified. In this piece of work we discuss the consequences of the adoption of the Brazilian antismoking policies on the domestic market structure and competitive dynamics, emphasizing the anticompetitive effects resultant from restrictions to cigarette advertisement and the adoption of a specific excise tax system. Theoretical models to the development of public policies aiming a direct intervention of the State in the manufacturing and distribution of cigarettes are critically analyzed. Finally, for discussion and debate, we propose adjustments in the present Brazilian antismoking policy that reconcile, on the one hand, public health themes and tax revenues and, on the other, a competitive environment, which ensures the existence of efficient small and medium companies and free competition, and the recommendation for the creation of a regulatory agency to coordinate the agents of the tobacco sector, and, particularly, to set a minimum price for cigarette resale; a system of maximum shares per cigarette manufacturer; as well as, the release of cigarette brands and advertisements only for products that have reduced or even eliminated the the individuals’ health problems. Cigarro Políticas públicas Defesa da concorrência Alíquota ad valorem e tributo fixo Restrição à propaganda de cigarro Cigarette market Antismoking public policy Competition Specific and ad valorem excise tax Restriction to cigarette advertisement Economia Cigarros - Consumo Concorrência Fumo - Indústria - Brasil Fumo - Vício - Brasil Políticas públicas - Brasil
509	Marketing de alimentos e obesidade infantil: diretrizes para regulamentação / Food marketing and childhood obesity: guidelines for regulation. Newton José de Oliveira Dantas 06 April 2015 (has links) Introdução - A obesidade infantil está pautada como assunto de saúde pública e exige a análise, implementação e avaliação de novas intervenções. O marketing é apontado como um dos fatores que interferem no aumento do índice de sobrepeso e de obesidade da população. As estratégias de comunicação publicitária se utilizam de processos cognitivos para determinar, através de elementos emocionais do receptor, a escolha e o consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, já que os publicitários respondem à demanda das empresas que buscam lucrar com seus produtos. Já se afirma que a regulamentação legal do marketing dos alimentos infantis não saudáveis deve ser adotada como instrumento de política pública na prevenção da obesidade. Assim, justifica-se a investigação de quais seriam as formas mais apropriadas para regular esse tipo de marketing no Brasil, de forma a garantir o direito à saúde e à alimentação adequada e saudável. Objetivo - Analisar o papel do marketing como um dos determinantes da obesidade infantil, buscando apontar, no campo jurídico, estratégias para a sua regulamentação no Brasil. Métodos - Revisão de literatura, análise de textos legislativos e de programas adotados para controle da obesidade infantil, além de entrevistas com representantes de entidades e profissionais diretamente ligados à implementação de políticas públicas, nacionais e internacionais, de controle da nutrição e saúde infantil, bem como de proteção dos direitos do consumidor infanto-juvenil. A interpretação dos dados levantados deu-se através do método científico dedutivo. Resultados - O crescente índice de obesidade no Brasil está demonstrado através de pesquisa nacional. A presença de alimentos no mercado com excesso de sal, gordura e açúcar precisa ser controlada. As teorias de comunicação explicam a influência do marketing na decisão emocional do consumidor. Os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada e saudável estão previstos na Constituição Federal. Conclusão - A regulamentação legal do marketing de alimentos não saudáveis é juridicamente possível e suas diretrizes devem focar os alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, além dos fatores que facilitam a persuasão da criança, impedindo o uso de elementos emocionais. / Introduction - Childhood obesity is considered a public health issue and requires the analysis, implementation and evaluation of new interventions. Marketing is considered as one of the factors that play a role in the increase of overweight and obesity rates in the population. Advertisement strategies use cognitive processes to determine, by means of emotional elements of the receptor, the choice and consumption of unhealthy foods, since advertisement professionals respond to the demand of companies willing to make a profit by selling their their products. The regulation of the marketing of unhealthy foods for children must be adopted as a public policy instrument for the prevention of obesity. Thus, we should investigate what are the most appropriate ways to regulate this kind of marketing in Brazil to guarantee the right to health and to adequate and healthy foods. Objective - Analyze the role of marketing as one of the determinants of childhood obesity, and try to identify legal strategies for its regulation in Brazil. Methods - Literature review, analysis of legal texts and programs implemented for the control of childhood obesity and interviews with representatives of institutions and professionals directly related to the implementation of public national and international policies for the control of childhood nutrition and health, as well as the protection of children and youth consumer rights. Deductive scientific method was used to interpret data. Results - Increasing obesity rates have been demonstrated by national surveys. The presence of foods with excessive salt, fat and sugar in market must be controlled. Communication theories explain the influence of marketing in the emotional decision of consumers. The right to health and to adequate and healthy foods is determined by the Federal Constitution. Conclusion - It is possible to regulate the marketing of unhealthy foods according to the law. The guidelines for regulation must focus on processed and ultra processed foods and the factors that facilitate persuasion of children, by prohibiting the use of emotional elements. Alimentação Saudável e Adequada Alimento Processado e Ultraprocessado Direito à Saúde Direitos Fundamentais Infância e Juventude Liberdade Econômica Marketing Obesidade Infantil Publicidade Regulamentação Sanitária Saúde Pública Advertisement Childhood and Youth Childhood Obesity Economic Freedom Fundamental Rights Healthy and Adequate Foods Marketing Processed and Ultra Processed Foods Public Health Rights to Health Sanitary Regulation
510	Réflexion critique sur l’efficacité des sûretés réelles en droit OHADA : proposition en vue d’une reforme du droit OHADA des sûretés réelles. / critical thought about reals securities interests efficacy in OHADA LAW, Proposal for a reform of OHADA reals securities interests Law. : proposal for a reform of OHADA reals securities interests Law. Bohoussou, Kouakou Stéphane 18 September 2015 (has links) Le droit des sûretés réelles a fait l’objet de profondes mutations à la suite de plusieurs réformes successives qui viennent de l’affecter. Si la matière s’est indubitablement modernisée, il reste qu’elle souffre d’un manque de cohérence globale qui tient tout à la fois à la trop grande offre de sûretés et à l’insuffisance de règles fédératrices venant régir l’ensemble. La question se pose alors de savoir s’il est possible et envisageable de dégager un socle de règles communes plus élaboré, voire même un droit commun, et selon quelles modalités. Il en ressort l’interrogation sur l’efficacité du droit ohada des sûretés réelles au regard de l’inadéquation entre les objectifs du législateur africain et les moyens qu’il a mis en oeuvre pour les atteindre. Au regard des expériences internationales, la réponse à ces questionnements réside à notre sens dans une réforme plus ambitieuse du droit ohada des sûretés réelles qui se traduirait par l’adoption d’une approche fonctionnelle telle qu’il nous a été donné de voir dans des pays appartenant à la même tradition juridique que la nôtre. Plus concrètement, il s’agira de redonner, à travers cette conception fonctionnelle des sûretés, de la cohérence, de la simplicité et de l’accessibilité, en somme de l’efficacité au droit ohada des sûretés réelles de manière à le rapprocher des populations et des réalités socio-économiques des États de l’ohada tout en n’occultant pas les enjeux économiques internationaux. / The real security interests law/secured transactions has gone through crucial changes following a series of several reforms which has affected it. If the subject matter has undoubtedly been modernized, it is obvious that the real security interests law/secured transactions is still lacking of general consistency which is linked simultaneously to the large numbers of proposal on security interests and to the insufficiency of federative rules which come to govern the whole. Actually, the problem poses the question to know if it is possible and conceivable to put forward a base of more sophisticated general rules, or even a general law, and according to what methods? The interrogation underlines the efficacy of ohada real securities law in regard to the inadequacy between the objectives of the African legislator and the means used by him to achieve them. In other words, it is admitted to question on the way of a reinforcement of the actual real securities law in sight of a greatest efficacy. In regard to the international experiences, the answer of these questioning is found, in our opinion, in a reform more ambitious of the ohada real securities law which is going to lead to the adoption of a functional approach as it was observed in States with the same juridical culture of ours. In concrete terms, it is important to give back, through this functional conception of securities interest, coherence, and simplicity, in sum, efficacy to ohada real securities law likewise to bring it closer to the population and to the socio-economic realities of ohada member States while revealing the international economic stakes. Efficacité Sûretés Crédit Sûretés réelles traditionnelle Propriétés-sûretés Secteur informel Téléologique Hypothèque Hypothèque mobilière Uniformisation Ralisation des sûretés Opposabilité Publicité Procédures collectives Essence de l'opération Uniform commercial code Approche fonctionnelle Efficacy Security interests Trust Common real security interests Properties-security interests Primary sector Teleological Mortgage Personal/movable mortgage Standardization Realization of the security interests Opposability Advertisement Collectives procedures Nature of the operation Uniform commercial code Functional approach 340

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