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11	L’Anthropologie de l’Alcibiade de Platon : l’être humain considéré comme la partie rationnelle de son âme Boulet, Jacques 04 1900 (has links) Qu’est-ce que l’être humain ? La question se pose depuis plusieurs millénaires. Platon n’y échappe pas et il suit l’inscription du temple de Delphes, le fameux « connais-toi toi-même », lorsqu’il cherche à mieux cerner l’homme dans ses écrits. Cette quête de l’essence de l’homme est présente à plusieurs moments de l’œuvre de Platon, mais nous sommes d’avis qu’il ne suggère jamais de définition de l’homme aussi claire que dans l’Alcibiade. Toute la fin de ce dialogue se consacre à cette question et l’on y trouve un Socrate avide de partager sa propre pensée sur le sujet. Les commentateurs de ce dialogue ne s’entendent pourtant pas sur la signification que l’on doit donner à ce développement parfois obscur sur l’essence de l’homme. Plusieurs affirment que l’homme y est présenté comme étant essentiellement son âme, d’aucuns que l’homme y est la réunion du corps et de l’âme, et d’autres encore que l’homme y est plutôt présenté comme étant la partie rationnelle de son âme. Les trois chapitres de ce mémoire présentent et analysent les arguments principaux de chaque camp dans le but de trancher la question. Il y est défendu que dans l’Alcibiade l’homme est, de manière approximative, son âme, mais que de manière plus précise, il correspond à la partie en lui qui domine, soit sa raison. Il y est également suggéré que cette conception de la nature humaine est reprise ailleurs dans le corpus platonicien. / What does it mean to be human? Plato is one of many to have pondered the eternal question and followed the famous Temple of Delphi inscription, “Know thyself.” While the quest for the essence of humanity is present in many of Plato’s writings, I believe that the Alcibiades gives us his clearest definition. Indeed, the entire ending of the dialogue is devoted to it, with Socrates enthusiastically offering his thoughts on the matter. Scholars are of different minds as to the proper interpretation of this somewhat obscure passage on the essence of human nature. Some argue that Plato is portraying man as primarily defined by his soul, others that the body and soul are both part of the definition of man, and others still, that man is the rational part of his soul. The three chapters of this thesis outline and analyze the main arguments of each school of thought in the hopes of resolving this contentious question. The argument will be made that in the Alcibiades, man is defined broadly as his soul, but more specifically as the dominant part of himself, his reason in other words. It will also be suggested that a similar portrayal of humanity is found in other works by Plato. philosophie Platon Alcibiade connaissance de soi nature humaine anthropologie Plato Alcibiades anthropology self-knowledge human nature philosophy Philosophy / Philosophie (UMI : 0422)
12	Erôs and Education : Socratic Seduction in Three Platonic Dialogues Dypedokk Johnsen, Hege January 2016 (has links) Plato’s Socrates is famous for claiming that “I know one thing: That I know nothing” (see e.g. Ap. 21d and Meno 81d). There is one subject that Socrates repeatedly claims to have expertise in, however: ta erôtika (see e.g. Symp. 198d1). Socrates also refers to this expertise as his erôtikê technê (Phdr. 257a7–8), which may be translated as “erotic expertise”. In this dissertation, I investigate Socrates’ erotic expertise: what kind of expertise is it, what is it constituted by, where is it put into practice, and how is it practiced? I argue that the purposes this expertise serve are, to a significant extent, educational in nature. After first having clarified the dissertation’s topic and aim, as well as my methodological approach, I present an initial account of erôs and Socrates’ erotic expertise. While discussing what constitutes Socrates’ erotic expertise, I account for two erotic educational methods: midwifery and matchmaking. I further argue that these methods tend to be accompanied by two psychological techniques, namely charming and shaming. I argue that these methods and techniques are systematically applied by Socrates when he puts his erotic expertise into practice. In the dissertation, three dialogues where Socrates practices his erotic expertise are scrutinized: Lysis, Charmides, and Alcibiades I. I focus on Socrates’ encounters with the eponymous youths of the dialogues, and each dialogue is devoted a chapter of its own. I show how these dialogues are erotically charged, and also how Socrates in these dialogues demonstrates his erotic expertise. I argue that Socrates’ expertise on erôs plays an essential role in his attempts to engage the three youths in the processes of self-cultivation, learning, and the very practice of philosophy. In the final chapter of the dissertation I turn to some questions that arise in light of my readings, and summarize the results of my investigation. Alcibiades Charmides desire education erôs erotic expertise learning love Lysis matchmaking midwifery philia Plato self-cultivation self-knowledge Socrates Socratic seduction sôphrosunê
13	Alcibiade entre hybris et tolma (entre démesure et audace) chez Thucydide ? : approche critique des sources / Alcibiades, between hybris and tolma (between immoderation and boldness) in Thucydides’ work ? : a critical approach of sources Battesti, Daniel 15 January 2019 (has links) L’objet de cette thèse de doctorat est un homme d’État (diplomate, politique et stratège) de la guerre du Péloponnèse qui a marqué la production littéraire de son siècle, avant de devenir une figure historique présente dans la littérature grecque et latine jusqu’à la fin de l’Antiquité tardive. Son dessein n’est pas de composer une nouvelle biographie d’Alcibiade, mais de proposer une étude renouvelée du personnage en prenant en considération les spécificités du corpus littéraire (genres, aspects fragmentaires, éloignement chronologique, idéologies etc.) et en intégrant les sources archéologiques et épigraphiques, trop peu mobilisées dans les précédentes études biographiques.Le titre de la thèse, Alcibiade entre hybris et tolma (entre démesure et audace) chez Thucydide, décrit par les termes grecs eux-mêmes l’ambivalence du portrait d’Alcibiade dans le corpus des sources littéraires. Il est l’homme des excès, de la démesure, des violences, de l’audace et des grands projets. Son sous-titre, Approche critique des sources, indique la nécessité d’un réexamen détaillé d’un vaste corpus de textes antiques. Nous démontrons cette nécessité dans notre introduction, tout en établissant les problèmes inhérents au texte de Thucydide. / The subject of this PhD is actually a stateman (a diplomat, a politician, a strategist) of the Peloponnesian war who influenced the literary production of his century even before he became a historical figure in Greek and Latin literature, up until late Antiquity. The purpose of this dissertation is not to write a new biography of Alcibiades but to carry out a renewed study of the character by taking into account the specificities of the literary body of works (genres, fragmentary aspects, distance in time, ideologies, etc.) and integrating archaeological and epigraphic sources which have been sidelined too often in previous biographies.The dissertation’s title itself, Alcibiades, between hybris and tolma (between immoderation and boldness) in Thucydides’ work describes even in Greek the ambivalence of Alcibiades’ portrait in literary sources. He is a man of excess, of transgression, of violence, of boldness and great perspectives. The subtitle, A critical approach of sources, indicates that it is necessary to reexamine in a detailed way a vast and detailed body of works. The introduction shows that this reexamination is necessary, though it also shows how difficult it is to study Thucydides’ text. Alcibiade Thucydide Hybris Démesure Outrage Audace Diplomatie Guerre du Péloponnèse Impérialisme Réception littéraire Historiiographie Tolma Alcibiades Thucydides Immoderation Transgression Boldness Diplomacy Peloponnesian War Imperialism Literary Reception Historiography 938
14	Oligarchie čtyř set v Athénách roku 411 př. n. l. / The Oligarchy of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 B. C. E. Nývlt, Pavel January 2015 (has links) Before 1891, it was commonly accepted that the most important source for the rule of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 BCE was Thucydides' description. The situation changed thanks to the publication of the Aristotelian treatise On the Athenian Constitution, whose version of events differed markedly from Thucydides' one. There followed many attempts at determining which of the two versions was most reliable, or at combining the two versions. These controversies are the focal point of this thesis, but its ambitions are not limited to them: its ambition is also to reconstruct the chronology of the rule of the Four Hundred as precisely as is possible in context of the Peloponnesian war; and to formulate the limitations that are imposed on us by the character of sources at our disposal. Continuity of the coup with earlier developments and its impact on subsequent events are dealt with more briefly.
15	Sword Arm of the Demos: The Military Contributions of the Athenian Elite Green, Derek Bryan January 2021 (has links) No description available. Ancient History Ancient Civilizations Classical Studies Economic History European History History Military History Military Studies Political Science World History Demokratia Democracy Athens Classical Greece Classical Athens Democratic Athens Strategoi Athenian Generals Ancient Warfare Trierarchy Eisphora Hoplites Hippeis Epibatai Greek Polis Democracy at War Nicias Alcibiades Pericles Athenian Empire Ancient Finance Athenian Finance Athenian Politics Leitourgia Liturgies
16	A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity Tyler, John 2012 May 1900 (has links) American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law. These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism. In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method. This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior. The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent. The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will. Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil. natural law theory legal positivism HLA Hart William Blackstone John Locke Jeremy Bentham John Austin Galileo Socrates Trotsky Athens Soviet law Stuart dynasty John Dewey Dewey Commission Sidney Hook Congregation of the Holy Office Galileo Affair trial of Socrates Moscow Trials trial of Galileo heresy trial of Trotsky reason autonomy consent philosophy of law pragmatism Kant Inquisition ostracism Anaxagoras Protagoras Alcibiades Arginusae Pericles Peloponnesian War Solon Ephialtes Apology Plato Herodotus Xenophon Plutarch Roscoe Pound common law Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. The Common Law The Path of the Law Learned Hand Christopher Columbus Langdell Ronald Dworkin Lon Fuller Lenin Stalin King Rex Sergei Kirov Permanent Revolution Socialism in One Country Great Terror Dekulakization Holomodor Terror Famine Italian positivist school Harold J. Berman Gustav Radbruch Ramon Mercader Trotsky assassination Marteman Ryutin Old Bolsheviks Genrikh Yagoda Pope Urban VIII Walter Duranty Harold Denny New York Times Joseph E. Davies Mission to Moscow New Republic John F. Finerty Lev Sedov Military Collegium Vasili Ulrikh Gaspare Borgia Cardinal Robert Bellarmine Pericles Father Commissary Michelangelo Segizzi Cardinal Francesco Barberini Cardinal Maffeo Barberini Siderius Nuncius Starry Messenger Accademia dei Lincei Letters on Sunspots Friar Tommaso Caccini Niccolo Lorini Commentaries on the Laws of England Second Treatise on Civil Government Henry de Bracton Sir Edward Coke Sir John Fortescue Matthew Hale Ranulf de Glanvil James I Charles I James II Charles II ship money forest fines distraint of knighthood impositions dispensing power royal prerogative Duke of Buckingham Oliver Cromwell Bishops Wars William Prynne Great Migration Declaration of Indulgence Settlement Act Test Act Protectorate Clarendon Code Quaker Act William and Mary English Civil War Puritan Revolution Glorious Revolution Thirty Years' War Earl of Shaftesbuty William Laud Historiomatrix Long Parliament Rump Parliament Barebones Parliament sociological jurisprudence Red Terror war communism New Economic Policy 1926 Criminal Code Kirov Amendments judicial discretion semantic sting The Concept of Law Fragments on Government The Province of Jurisprudence Determined A Fragment on Government Anarchical Fallacies primary rules secondary rules rule of recognition legal validity internal point of view external point of view law as prediction the bad man perspective on law life of the law page of history Basilikon Doron Trew Law of Free Monarchies

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