[pt] Esta pesquisa investiga o processo de criação cinematográfico a partir da experiência teórico-prática da Escola Livre de Cinema de Nova Iguaçu (ELC), localizada no bairro de Austin, na região da Baixada Fluminense. Trata-se de um estudo realizado durante o ano de 2014, a partir de uma aproximação com a metodologia da escola e da observação das aulas de uma das turmas - especificamente dos dispositivos de criação que culminaram na videodança Montão de Coisa. A empiria apresentada está pautada nos registros das oficinas de audiovisual ministradas pelos mediadores da escola, nas anotações em caderno de campo, em registros fotográficos e vídeos feitos pela pesquisadora, no material publicizado pela ELC e também em duas entrevistas com a produtora, concedidas ao longo da pesquisa de campo. Advindas dos conceitos norteadores da metodologia da ELC, as categorias corpo, palavra e território aparecem nesta tese como chaves de leitura do processo de criação a fim de evidenciar as relações que permeiam o fazer cinematográfico na experiência da escola e mobilizam a criação da videodança em questão. A análise empreendida revela como o encontro destes sujeitos com o cinema, atravessado por processos criativos e subjetivos, permite que estes vivenciem uma experiência de alteridade, ou seja, de encontro com o outro e o mundo. Ao mesmo tempo, as tensões que permeiam este processo potencializam o encorajamento estético, dando, pois, a essa experiência também um caráter estético. Enquanto a palavra aparece como forma de expressão, enfatizando um campo simbólico, valorizando as singularidades linguísticas e gestuais dos alunos e mediadores, o corpo surge com suas tensões (aquele que opera a câmera e aquele que é filmado por ela) e a gestualidade extraída, trazida e trabalhada pelos alunos e mediadores. Por fim, é com e no território que essas ações se efetivam, tornando-o uma peça fundamental para entender como as ações de criação da ELC acontecem. Assim sendo, pensando o cinema expandido como aquele que ultrapassa os limites do cinema convencional (aquele cristalizado pelo cinema industrial e de entretenimento) e se projeta em outras telas, em outros espaços, conclui-se ser este o cinema vivenciado em Austin. Visto pelo viés de uma expansão, em meio às ações que são frutos dos dispositivos e das tensões que permeiam o processo de criação, ele [o cinema] se constitui em meio à inventividade do cotidiano daquele espaço e à criatividade dos sujeitos envolvidos. / [en] This research investigates the cinematographic process of creation from the theoretical-practical experience of the Free Cinema School of Nova Iguaçu (ELC), located in the neighborhood of Austin, in the Baixada Fluminense region. It is a study carried out during 2014, based on an approach to the school methodology and observing the lessons of one of its classes - specifically the tools that culminated in the creation of the Montão de Coisa (Heap of Thing) videodance. The empirical research presented here is based on the records of the audiovisual workshops given by the school mediators, notes in field notebook, photographic records and videos made by the researcher, on the material publicized by ELC and also on two interviews with the producer, given during field research. Originating from the concepts of ELC methodology, the categories body, word and territory appear in this thesis as keys to the reading of the creation process in order to highlight the relations that permeate the cinematographic making in the school experience and that mobilize the creation of the aforementioned videodance. The undertaken analysis reveals how the encounter of these subjects with the cinema, crossed by creative and subjective processes, allows them to experience an experience of otherness, that is, of encounter with the other and with the world. In addition, the tensions that permeate this process potentiate the aesthetic encouragement, thus giving to this experience also an aesthetic character. While the word appears as a form of expression, emphasizing a symbolic field, and valuing the linguistic and gestural singularities of students and mediators, the body emerges with its tensions (the one that operates the camera and the one that is filmed by it) and the gesture extracted, brought and addressed by the students and mediators. At last, it is with and in the territory that these actions take place, making it a fundamental piece to understand how the actions of creation of the ELC happen. Thus, thinking of the expanded cinema as one that goes beyond the limits of conventional cinema (that one crystallized by industrial and entertainment cinema) and that is projected on other screens, in other spaces, it is concluded that this is the cinema experienced in Austin. Seen by the bias of an expansion, amid the actions that are outcome of the dispositif and tensions that permeate the process of creation, it [the cinema] is constituted amongst the inventiveness of the daily life of that space and the creativity of the involved subjects.

This thesis interrogates García Márquez’s representations of sexualities in the following selected novels: Chronicle of a Death Foretold (1981); The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975); One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967); The Sad and Incredible Tale of Innocent Erendira and her Heartless Grandmother (1972); and Memories of My Melancholy Whores (2004). It is argued here that García Márquez’s employment of the sexuality motif enables him to delve into many worldwide current concerns such as the irrelevance of some socio-cultural sexual practices; commercial sexual exploitation of children; the different manifestations of prostitution; and female powerlessness under autocratic rule. Earlier literary critics have tended to narrowly interpret García Márquez’s employment of the sexuality motif as just a metaphor for colonial exploitation of the colonised. The study also explores the writer’s artistic role and concludes that García Márquez speaks against commercial sexual exploitation of children as he concurrently speaks on behalf of children so exploited. Similarly, the writer speaks on behalf of prostituted womanhood by showing how prostitutional gains do not seem to cascade down to the prostitutes themselves. García Márquez also invests female sexual passivity as a coping mechanism against a dictator’s limitless power over the life and death of his citizens. However, the writer also constructs female agency that grows from the rejection of an initial victimhood to develop into an extremely flawed and corrupt flesh trade that co-opts and indentures children into sex work with impunity. Thus the study breaks new ground to show that García Márquez’s representations of different sexualities are not merely soft porn masquerading as art. His is a voice added to the worldwide concerns over commercial sexual exploitation of children in the main and also the recovery of a self-reliant female self-hood that was previously inextricably bound to male sexual norms. Quite clearly, García Márquez demonstrates that female prostitution is driven by a lack of social safety nets, a lack of other economically viable options and also a distinct lack of educational opportunities for female economic independence, hence the flawed female agency. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)

No description available.

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak gilt als eine der Gründungsfiguren des postkolonialen Feminismus. Ihr Profil als postkoloniale Theoretikerin gewann sie mit der Veröffentlichung ihres Werkes In Other Worlds – Essays in Cultural Politics. In ihren Texten weist Spivak auf Widersprüche innerhalb der Nationen des Globalen Südens hin. Sie fokussiert, u. a. mit Hilfe der analytischen Konzepte Repräsentation (representation) und Subalternität (subaltern), insbesondere auf die problematische Rolle von Geschlechter- und Klassenverhältnissen in postkolonialen Widerstandsbewegungen, auf den Gegensatz zwischen den indischen Eliten und den unteren Bevölkerungsschichten und auf die gewaltsame Unterdrückung von Frauen des Südens.

Les romans grecs et les Métamorphoses d’Apulée – même si les modalités sont différentes pour ce dernier – sont des fictions en prose qui fonctionnent autour de topoi auxquels la figure de l’Autre n’échappe pas. Bien que le monde grec soit alors radicalement différent de ce qu’il était au Ve siècle avant J.-C., période à laquelle l’identité grecque est construite par opposition à la figure du barbare, les romanciers qui prennent la plume à partir du Ier siècle avant notre ère utilisent un certain nombre de stéréotypes hérités de l’époque classique, alors mise à l’honneur par le mouvement de la Seconde Sophistique. Il s’agit d’étudier dans le détail certains éléments de la représentation de l’Autre pour déterminer qui il est, comment il se comporte, ce qui le constitue en Autre. Puis, à partir de cette esquisse, nécessairement incomplète, d’évaluer ce que cette représentation peut induire sur l’image de l’identité grecque à l’époque impériale, par le jeu de miroir que F. Hartog a décelé dans l’œuvre d’Hérodote. Une première partie est consacrée aux rapports entre l’homme et l’animal ainsi qu’à l’image de la sauvagerie, ce qui permet d’explorer les bornes romanesques de l’humanité. La seconde partie s’attache à des éléments que l’époque classique a plus particulièrement mis en avant pour distinguer les Grecs des non-Grecs : le critère de la langue, l’art de faire la guerre et le discours politique qui est tenu sur les institutions barbares. La troisième partie étudie la place des dieux et des pratiques religieuses dans la définition de l’Autre. J’espère ainsi contribuer à la compréhension du genre romanesque et des représentations culturelles de l’empire « gréco-romain ». / The Greek novels and The Metamorphoses of Apuleius, even if it is in different terms for the last, are prose fictions which are based on topoi, and the figure of the Other is one of them. Although the Greek world was radically different of what it was in the fifth century BC, time during which Greek identity is contructed as opposed to the figure of the barbaros, the authors of novels, who wrote from the first century BC onward, used some stereotypes inherited from classical period, which was celebrated by the Second Sophistic movement. The aim of this thesis is to study in detail some elements of the representation of the Other to determine who it is, how he behaves, what makes him other. Then, from this sketch, necessarily incomplete, to evaluate what this representation says about the image of Greek identity in the imperial age, according to the play of the mirror detected by F. Hartog in the text of Herodotus. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the relationship between man and animal and to the image of savagery, in order to explore the novelistic limits of humanity. The second part concentrates on elements that classical period had particularly insisted on to promote the distinction between Greeks and non-Greeks : the linguistic criterion, the way to make war, and the politic discourse on the barbaric institutions. The third part study the place of the gods and of religious practices in the definition of the Other. I hope to contribute to the understanding of novel genre and of cultural representations of the « greco-roman- empire ».

<p>This dissertation aims to create a scholarly space where a seventy-five-year-old “special relationship” (1945-2020) between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States is examined from an interdisciplinary comparativist perspective. I posit that a comparative study of Saudi and American fiction goes beyond the limitedness of global geopolitics and proves to uncover some new literary, sociocultural, and historical dimensions of this long history, while shedding some light on others. Saudi writers creatively challenge the inherently static and monolithic image of Saudi Arabia, its culture and people in the West. They also simultaneously unsettle the notion of homogeneity and enable us to gain new insight into self-perception within the local Saudi context by offering a wide scope of genuine engagements with distinctive themes ranging from spatiality, identity, ethnicity, and gender to slavery, religiosity and (post)modernity. On the other side, American authors still show some signs of ambivalence towards the depiction of the Saudi (Muslim/Arab) Other, but they nonetheless also demonstrate serious effort to emancipate their representations from the confining legacy of (neo)Orientalist discourse and oil politics by tackling the concepts of race, alterity, hegemony, radicalism, nomadism and (un)belonging.</p>