<p>Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as:</p><p><em>The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo.</em></p><p>To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as:The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo.To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.</p>

Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as: The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo. To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.Cardo AB is an international corporate group that has performed major organizational changes the last few years. These changes utilize possible synergies that exist in a corporate group. One of the initiatives is that Cardo wants to develop a model for make-or-buy decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is stated as:The study’s purpose is to develop a generic model for make-or-buy decisions at Cardo.To develop the model, a theoretical study was conducted, where four main aspects were identified: core capability, risk, cost and relationship. For each aspect, a tool to define what the aspects consist of was identified. The aspects were combined together into a model, called model version 1. To enhance and adjust the model to suit Cardo’s situation, an empirical study was conducted. In the empirical study, it was investigated how different sites within Cardo are currently working with make-or-buy decisions. Moreover, in the empirical study it was also revealed how Cardo is dealing with each of the aspects identified in theory. The combination of theory and empirical study formed the enhanced model, called model version 2. The last step in the procedure was to let several end-users review the model and suggest improvements. After this step, the final model was formed, called model version 3.The model combines the best practices from Cardo with the latest theoretical aspects. Using this model will help Cardo deal with make-or-buy decisions in a structured way. The model highlights the importance of connecting business strategy with the core capabilities of Cardo and provides a tool to identify this connection. Furthermore, the model highlights risks connected to outsourcing and provides tools to identify these risks. The model also applies a total cost approach. To calculate the different costs, a model is presented that functions as a guide when quantifying costs. Lastly, the model shows the importance of developing a proper relationship with the supplier according to the strategic importance of the product.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vilka faktorer och motiv som ligger till grund för en missbrukares beslut att söka vård och behandling. Vidare har syftet varit att undersöka om beslutet grundar sig på individens egen insikt om sin problematik eller om det är ett resultat av omgivningens och nätverkets krav. Studien var av fenomenologisk karaktär då vi hade för avsikt att studera vad det är som gör beslutet till vad det är, d.v.s. finna essensen i vad det är som påverkar och samspelar med beslutet. För att uppnå syftet har vi använt oss av kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats. Vi har intervjuat åtta före detta missbrukare och intervjuerna har varit av semi-strukturerad karaktär. De analysverktyg som användes i studien var motivation, handlingsteori, beslutsfattande samt samhällets och nätverkets påverkan på individen. Dessa användes mot bakgrund av att motivation ofta används som begrepp inom narkomanvård och missbruksforskning. Handlingsteorin och beslutsfattande har använts då vår avsikt var att betrakta ”att sluta missbruka” som en handling, men också som ett beslut. Vidare har samhällets utveckling medfört ett paradigmskifte inom narkomanvården varför vi anser att det är av relevans att beakta samhällets påverkan i studier av missbrukare. I resultatet framkom att före detta missbrukare huvudsakligen grundade sitt beslut att sluta missbruka utifrån den egna insikten om att missbruket föranledde ett eskalerande av negativa konsekvenser samt försämrad psykisk hälsa. Beslutet att sluta missbruka påverkades i olika omfattning av yttre omständigheter i form av respondenternas nätverk, sociala instanser och en önskan om att leva enligt samhälleliga värderingar. / The purpose of this study has been to examine what factors and motives that form the basis for drug users' decisions to seek care and treatment. An additional purpose has been to examine whether the decision is based on the individual's own understanding of their problems or if it is a result of ambient and network requirements. Thus, the study have been of phenomenological nature as we intended to study what it is that makes the decision for what it is, that is, find the essence of what affects and interacts with the decision. To achieve that purpose, we have used a qualitative method with an abductive approach. We have interviewed eight former addicts and the interviews were of semi-structured nature. The analytical tools that have been used in the study are motivation, action theory, decision making, society and the network's impact on the individual. These have been used with the light of that motivation often is used as a concept in drug rehabilitation and addiction research. Action theory and decision making have been used as our intent has been to consider "to quit abusing" as an act, but also a decision. Furthermore, the development of society has brought out a paradigm shift in drug services which is why we believe it is relevant to consider society's impact in studies of drug users. The results showed that former addicts mainly based their decision to quit abusing by the individual's own insight of that the abuse led to an escalation of negative consequences, and poorer mental health. The decision to quit the abuse was affected by different degrees of external factors in terms of respondents' networks, social services and a desire to live according to societal values.

BACKGROUND: Today’s societal changes, including high rate of change and increasing information flows, are increasing the demand on the individual mental capacity. It becomes increasingly difficult to analytically process all the different dilemmas and everyday decisions as individuals have a limited mental capacity available to make these decisions. Thus, it has been suggested that ego-depleted relies more heavily on intuition, which is less burdensome, when making decision. However little is known about to what extent intuitive decisions differ from analytic. Are ego-depleted individuals more or less likely to maximize outcome in moral dilemmas involving conflicting values? Do ego depleted individuals become more or less willing to cooperate? Do ego depleted individuals become more or less altruistic? Is our intuition more or less in accordance with Homo Economicus?AIM: Starting from a Dual Process perspective on decision-making the aim of this study is to examine how ego depletion affects moral judgment and pro-social decisions.METHOD: A laboratory experiment involving 115 subjects, using real monetary incentives, was conducted among students at Linköping University. Subjects were randomized into one of two treatments. Everything was identical across treatments except for the initial ego-depletion manipulation. Using a standard paradigm for ego-depletion subjects in treatment 1 were put under high cognitive load while subjects in treatment two were put under low cognitive load. Subjects faced 16 questions divided into four different decision tasks: Moral dilemmas, Public Goods game, two types of Dictator Game where the type of sacrifice subjects could make in order to contribute money to charity was varied.RESULTS: Subjects in the high cognitive load treatment made fewer consequentialists moral judgments compared to other subjects (p = 0.075). The effect is especially strong when looking only at high-conflict dilemmas such as Crying Baby. No difference between treatments was found for the public goods games. In the dictator game involving monetary sacrifice subjects donated less money to charity when put under high cognitive load. However the finding was not significant (p = 0.292). No difference was found in the dictator game involving effort as personal sacrifice since almost everyone chooses to donate to charity.CONCLUSION: According to The Dual Process perspective this essay shows that intuitive thinking does not evidently lead to that they makes decision that more or less is in accordance with Homo Economicus. The connection between ego depletion and pro-social decisions is more complex. Further research needs to investigate which different mental shortcuts that individuals uses in various types of pro-social decisions and why intuitive and analytical decision-making differ between different decisions. Further research within the area can identify potential mechanisms and policies that can support individuals’ capacity to make decisions in accordance with their own and society’s preferences.

BAKGRUND: Samtidigt som befolkningen blir äldre läggs ett större ansvar på individen att upprätta ett eget pensionssparande. Det blir således viktigare att påbörja sitt pensionssparande vid en yngre ålder. Det bör därför undersökas hur kognitiva motivationsfaktorer förändras över individens livscykel samt hur det interagerar med viljan och möjligheten att pensionsspara. SYFTE: Syftet med denna studie är att ur ett retroaktivt perspektiv låta individer reflektera över vad som påverkat deras beslut gällande det egna pensionssparandet. Detta med fokus på (a) självkontroll, (b) mental accounting samt (c) undvikande av information och beslut. Studien avser att analysera och värdera dessa kognitiva motivationsfaktorer i en livscykelkontext samt hur de interagerar med möjligheten och viljan för att pensionsspara. GENOMFÖRANDE: Studien har genomförts med ett kvalitativt angreppssätt genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med individer i åldrarna 40-65 år. Respondenterna har ställts inför frågor med fokus på studiens tre huvudfaktorer. Genom frågorna har respondenterna fått reflektera över hur dessa faktorer förändrats över tid och hur de varit kopplat till pensionssparandet. SLUTSATS: Individer tenderar att påverkas av specifika händelser i livet och låter dessa påverka deras pensionssparande. Pensionssparandet är lågt i början av det vuxna livet, när individen studerar och bildar familj, för att sedan öka och nå sin högsta nivå då barnen flyttar hemifrån. Dock finns det en personlighetstyp som har en hög grad av självkontroll genom hela livet och upprättar därmed ett pensionssparande vid ung ålder. / BACKGROUND: As people are getting older, the importance of establishing personal retirement savings increases. Therefore, it is more important to begin retirement savings at a younger age. Because of this it needs studying how cognitive motivational factors changes during the life cycle and how they interact with the ability and willingness to save for retirement. AIM: The aim of this thesis is to let individuals reflect on what has affected their decisions regarding retirement savings, in a retroactive perspective. This with a focus on (a) self-control, (b) mental accounting, and (c) information and decision avoidance. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and evaluate these cognitive motivational factors in a life cycle-context, and how they integrate with the ability and willingness to save for the retirement. COMPLETION: The thesis has been conducted using a qualitative approach, through semi-structured interviews with individuals aging from 40-65. The respondents have responded to questions focusing on the thesis’s three main factors. Through these questions, the respondents have reflected on how these factors have changed over time and how they have been connected to retirement savings. CONCLUSION: Individuals tend to be affected by different events in their life and let them affect their retirement savings. Retirement savings are lower in early adult life, when the individual studies and starts a family, and is at its peak when kids move from home. There is also a personality type that has a high level of self-control throughout life and therefore saves for retirement at an early age.

Inledning: Teknologi har förändrat sättet som detaljhandlare gör affärer på ett fundamentalt plan. En av dessa förändringar är framväxten av multi- och omnikanalshandel. I strategiska förändringar sägs både information och verksamhetsstyrningen påverka vilka beslut som fattas. I en värld där produktionen av ny information ökar kraftigt finns svårigheter att veta vilken information som är relevant. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga och analysera vilken information som används som beslutsunderlag och vilka "krafter" som drivit den strategiska förändring mot multikanalshandel i detaljhandelsbranschen. Vidare är syftet att undersöka hur verksamhetsstyrningen har använts och påverkat detaljhandelsföretag under den strategiska förändring. Metod: Utifrån studiens forskningsfrågor och syfte valdes en fallstudie som forskningsmetod. Efter genomförd fallstudie gjordes en kompletterande intervjustudie baserat på resultaten i fallstudien. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Slutsats: Många olika krafter och informationstyper har drivit förändringen till multikanalshandel. Företagskultur, en föränderlig omgivning och den stora tillgången av information påverkar detaljhandlare att fatta snabba beslut. Behovet av snabba beslut och en föränderlig omgivning påverkar utformningen av verksamhetsstyrningen som har en stor fokus information om kunder. / Introduction: Technology has changed the way retailers do business in a fundamental way. One of those changes is the emergence of multi- and omnichannel retailing. In strategic changes both information and management accounting are affecting the decisions. In a world where the production of new information is increasing rapidly it’s hard to know which information that are relevant. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to survey and analyse the information used as decision support and which forces that have driven the strategic change towards multichannel retailing in the retail industry. Furthermore the purpose is to examine how and why management accounting has affected retailers during the strategic change. Methodology: Based on the study’s research question and purpose a case study was chosen as research method. After completing the case study a complementary survey based on the results from the case study was conducted. Semi structured interviews were used as data collection method. Conclusion: Many different forces and information types have driven the change to multichannel retailing. Company culture, an changing environment and the vast access to information are affecting retailers to make fast decisions. The need for fast decisions and an changing environment affects the design of retailers management accounting, which has a focus towards customer information.

Business Intelligence-systems are well embedded in the daily work of managers in the organizations today. These systems have a significant impact on the management of big data as well as assisting managers in making decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate how BI-systems affect decision making processes and the change of decision making in organizations and their activities, by looking into three aspects in Business intelligence (data quality, data analysis and the human factor). This study's approach consists of literature review and interviews with organizations who have implemented a BI-system in their activities. The results show that data quality does not have a direct impact on the use success of BI but is still an essential aspect when it comes to information management for decision making. Data analysis tools offers various of methods to help a decision maker in creating a decision basis for different types of decisions. BI-systems affects the decision-making process by making organizations think systematically in decision making in comparison with making decisions based on intuitions. / Business intelligence-system idag är väl inbäddade i det dagliga arbetet hos ledningen i organisationer. Dessa system har en stor inverkan på hanteringen av Big data och hjälper cheferna att fatta beslut. Studien syftar till att undersöka BI-systemens påverkan på beslutsprocesser och förändringen av beslutsunderlag hos organisationer och dess verksamheter, genom att undersöka utifrån tre aspekter inom BI som kan ha ett inflytande hos beslutsprocessen och beslutsunderlaget (Datakvalitet, dataanalys och mänskliga faktorn). Studiens tillvägagångssätt består av litteraturstudie och intervjuer med organisationer som har ett BI-system implementerat i deras verksamhet. Resultaten antyder på att datakvalitet har ingen direkt påverkan på framgången med BI men att kvalitetssäkring av data är fortfarande en essentiell del vid bearbetning av information för beslutsunderlaget, dataanalysverktyg erbjuder variationer av metoder för att hjälpa en beslutsfattare i att skapa beslutsunderlag för olika typer av beslut. BIsystems påverkar processen genom att organisationer utför ett mer systematiskt tänkande vid beslutshantering i jämförelse med att ta beslut på intuition.

Bakgrund: Teknologi och behandlingsmöjligheter inom intensivvården är under ständig utveckling. Den växande möjligheten till livsuppehållande behandling är inte alltid gynnsam för alla patienter. Det är en utmaning att identifiera tidpunkten då behandlingen blivit medicinsk meningslös och därmed ska avslutas. Beslutsfattandet försvåras eftersom patienterna ofta inte kan tala för sig själva. Processen att komma fram till ett beslut kräver ett samarbete mellan läkare och sjuksköterskor för att tillgodose patientens bästa och anhörigas behov. Att ge alla inblandade en röst har visat sig vara en utmaning och kan leda till konflikt. Syfte: Att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av samarbetet med läkare inför beslutsfattande kring avslutande av livsuppehållande behandling. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats och induktivt förhållningssätt. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor upplever att deras involverade i beslutsfattandet är viktigt och åtar sig ett antal handlingar för att bidra till samarbetet, samtidigt som de känner sig exkluderade och att deras arbete är undervärderat. Beslutsfattandet upplevs komplext där tid, anhöriga och olika professionella perspektiv påverkar samarbetet. Hur samarbetet är utformad och vilka beslut som tas i enskilda situationer upplevs variera relaterat till hur den individuella beslutsfattaren är som människa och vilka erfarenheter de involverade har. Slutsats: Samarbetet mellan sjuksköterska och läkare vid beslutsfattande om avslut av livsuppehållande behandling är viktigt för att utforma vården efter den individuella patienten. Beslutsfattandet är komplicerat, där etiska och moraliska principer behöver tillgodoses. Genom att få bättre förståelse och reflektera över den professionella rollen kan samarbetet underlättas. Att ta beslut om människors livsöden förblir tungt, men rätt förutsättningar gynnar såväl yrkesprofessionella som patienter.

The IEEE 802.11a protocol is part of the IEEE 802 protocols for implementing WLAN Wi- Fi computer communications in various frequencies. These protocols find applications worldwide, covering a wide range of devices like mobile phones, computers, laptops, household appliances, etc. Since wireless communication is being used, data that is transmitted is susceptible to noise. As a means to recover from noise, the data transmitted is encoded using convolutional encoding and correspondingly decoded on the receiver side. The decoder used is the Viterbi decoder, in the PHY layer of the protocol. This thesis investigates soft-decision Viterbi decoder implementations that meet the requirements of the IEEE 802.11a protocol. It aims to implement a rate-flexible design as a coarse grain re-configurable architecture using the SiLago framework. SiLago is a modular approach towards ASIC design. Components are designed as hardened blocks, which means they are synthesised and pre-verified. Each block is also abuttable like LEGO blocks, which allows users to connect compatible blocks and make designs specific to their requirements, while getting performance similar to that of traditional ASICs. This approach significantly reduces the design costs, as verification is a one-time task. The thesis discusses the strongly connected trellis Viterbi decoding algorithm and proposes a design for a soft decision Viterbi decoder. The proposed design meets the throughput requirements of the communication protocol and it can be reconfigured to work for 45 different code rates, with programmable soft decision width and parallelism. The algorithm used is compared against MATLAB for its BER performance. Results from RTL simulations, advantages and disadvantages of the proposed design are discussed. Recommendations for future improvements are also made. / IEEE 802.11a-protokollet är en del av IEEE 802-protokollen för att implementera WLAN Wi-Fi-datorkommunikation i olika frekvenser. Dessa protokoll används i applikationer över hela världen som täcker ett brett spektrum av produkter som mobiltelefoner, datorer, bärbara datorer, hushållsapparater etc. Eftersom trådlös kommunikation används är data som överförs känslig för brus. Som ett medel för att återhämta sig från brus kodas överförd data med hjälp av faltningskodning och avkodas på motsvarande sätt på mottagarsidan. Den avkodare som används är Viterbi-avkodaren, i PHY-skiktet i protokollet. Denna avhandling undersöker mjuka beslut Viterbi avkodarimplementeringar som uppfyller kraven i IEEE 802.11a protokollet. Det syftar till att implementera en hastighetsflexibel design som en grovkornig konfigurerbar arkitektur som använder SiLago ramverket. SiLago är ett modulärt synsätt på ASIC design. Komponenterna är utformade som härda block, vilket innebär att de är syntetiserade och förverifierade. Varje block kan också kopplas ihop, som LEGO block, vilket gör det möjligt för användare att ansluta kompatibla block och göra designer som är specifika för deras krav, samtidigt som de får prestanda som liknar traditionella ASICs. Detta tillvägagångssätt minskar designkostnaderna avsevärt, eftersom verifiering är en engångsuppgift. Avhandlingen diskuterar den starkt kopplade trellis Viterbi-avkodningsalgoritmen och föreslår en design för en mjuk Viterbi-avkodare. Den föreslagna designen uppfyller kommunikationsprotokollets genomströmningskrav och den kan konfigureras om för att fungera för 45 olika kodhastigheter, med programmerbar mjuk beslutsbredd och parallellitet. Algoritmen som används jämförs mot MATLAB för dess BER-prestanda. Resultat från RTL-simuleringar, fördelar och nackdelar med den föreslagna designen diskuteras. Rekommendationer för framtida förbättringar görs också.

En kris såsom Coronapandemin är en extrem situation som skiljer sig från normala förhållanden och kräver att rätt beslut tas. Det sätter press på chefen i en organisation att fatta ett beslut som många gånger är improviserat, dels på grund av tidspress och stress, dels på grund av att varje kris är unik där det är otydligare vad som är rätt och fel beslut. Det beslut som chefen tar under en kris kan många gånger skilja sig från hur beslutet hade tagits under en normal situation. Bör chefen göra mer analyser före beslutet tas eftersom krisen är så pass komplex eller bör chefen i stället förlita sig mer på sin magkänsla eftersom krisens komplexitet är alltför omfattande att göra en analys av? Det är en fråga som har fått mycket uppmärksamhet inom beslutsforskning, inte minst under extrema situationer och kriser såsom en pandemi. Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur chefer hanterar det improviserande beslutsfattandet som uppstår under en kris. I studien sätts analytiska beslut i kontrast till beslut baserade på intuition eller magkänsla, men öppnar samtidigt upp för en möjlighet att båda kan kombineras. Intervjuer har gjorts med chefer från olika branscher runtom i Sverige för att öka förståelsen för krisbeslut under Coronapandemin. Studien visar att de flesta chefer använder analys eller kombinerar analys med intuition. Endast ett fåtal chefer tenderar att enbart använda intuition. Vidare framkommer det att hur chefen betraktar krisen får en effekt på vilka beslut som tas. Betraktas pandemin enbart som ett hot väljer chefen att fokusera på interna aktiviteter som ämnar lindra pandemins negativa påverkan i organisationen och stödja medarbetarna. Väljer chefen att även betrakta pandemin som en möjlighet så öppnar det upp för externa aktiviteter som kan dra nytta av pandemin, såsom att expandera verksamheten till och bredda kontaktnätverken för nya affärsmöjligheter. I de allra flesta beslut framkommer det att de baseras på ett nära samspel och kommunikation med andra aktörer. Det är sällan som ett beslut tas utan någon som helst kommunikation med någon annan. Denna kommunikation tycks ha motarbetat de negativa effekter som olika biaser medför i besluten. Exempelvis är cheferna mindre partiska när andras perspektiv tas med i beaktning före ett beslut tas. Slutligen tror de flesta cheferna att denna pandemi har gjort dem till en bättre beslutsfattare och vissa tror att tidigare stressfulla situationer och kriser har varit till stor hjälp även under Coronapandemin. / A crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic is an extreme situation that differs from day-to-day situations and require that the right decisions be made. Such extreme situations put pressure on managers in organizations to make decisions that many times are improvised, in part because of time pressure and stress, and in part because each crisis is unique and makes it harder to know what the right decision is. The decisions managers make during a crisis are often different from how those decisions would have been made during a normal situation. Should the manager analyse the situation before the decision is made because the crisis is so complex, or should the manager instead follow his or her gut feeling because the crisis’ complexity is too overwhelming to possibly analyse? Such a question has received much attention in research of decision making, not least under extreme situations and crisis such as a pandemic. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how managers deal with the improvised decision making that occur during a crisis. This study contrasts analytical decisions to intuitive decisions, while at the same time opens for the possibility that both styles of decision making could be combined. Interviews have been made with managers from different industries throughout Sweden to increase the understanding of crisis decision making during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study shows that most managers use analysis or combine analysis with intuition. Few managers tend to use intuition only. Furthermore, this study shows that the way the manager views the crisis can affect the decisions that he or she makes. If the manager views the merely as a threat, he or she will tend to focus on internal activities aimed at reducing the negative effects caused by the pandemic on the organisation and their members. If the manager chooses also to view the pandemic as an opportunity, it can lead to external activities that can take advantage of the pandemic, by for example expanding their business and business network. The study shows that most decisions have been made through communication and interplay with other actors. Only few decisions have been made without any communication or interplay whatsoever. The fact that most decisions have been made through communication with others seem to have reduced the effect of different biases. Managers have become less partial when other people’s perspectives have been included in the decisions. Finally, most managers believe that this pandemic has made them a better decision maker, and some believe that prior stressful situations and crisis have greatly assisted them during this pandemic.