近年來，網路購物的興起改變了民眾消費的習慣。網路商店不受時間和空間的限制，並且提供顧客多樣化的服務，已經成為企業行銷活動中重要的通路之一。台灣網路購物環境呈現市場規模快速成長但是競爭十分激烈的形態。對於網路商店業者來說，增加顧客購買次數並且提高顧客忠誠度是維持企業經營的最重要目標。 本研究即探討影響消費者網路購物之因素。從網路購物服務品質、滿意度、信任度、和忠誠度四個因素切入，並且探討因素間的相互影響關係。研究發現，網路購物服務品質會直接且正向顯著地影響顧客忠誠度，亦會透過滿意度來間接影響忠誠度。而網路購物信任度則是透過滿意度來間接地影響顧客忠誠度。此外，在調查消費者參與網路購物行為上則發現，消費者參與網路購物的主因是考量方便性和價格便宜。最擔心網路購物對個人造成的傷害上則以個人資料外流和產品品質不良最高。在選擇購物網站最重視的因素則為產品與服務的可靠性和線上交易的安全性。因此，網路商店業者若要提高顧客的忠誠度，可以從網站服務品質的提升、線上交易的安全性著手，提供顧客一個方便且安全的交易環境。 / The rise of online purchasing has changed people’s purchasing habits. Online shop is an important marketing channel for a business because of its open-ended shop hours and virtual shopping space as well as providing diversified services for customers. It appears that the online purchasing environment in Taiwan is fast-growing and competitive. Therefore, increasing purchasing frequencies and improving customer’s loyalty are important tasks for all online shops. This study investigated the factors that influence consumer’s online purchasing loyalty. It discussed and examined the relationship among online service quality, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. In the study, service quality is found to not only directly affect loyalty but also indirectly affect loyalty via satisfaction. Trust is also found to indirectly affect loyalty via satisfaction. Besides, in the investigation of online purchasing behavior, there are three main findings. The first, the main reasons why consumers choose online shopping are considering convenience and lower price. The second, they are most worried about personal information outflow and defective products. The third, they most care about reliability of product and service as well as security of online purchasing. As a result, in order to improve customer loyalty, it should increase the online service quality and security those provide consumer a convenient and safe shopping environment.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Asian Studies / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att illustrera vilka faktorer som påverkar kundrelationer och hur ett företag bör gå tillväga för att förbättra dessa samt för att bevara sina kunder. Vi vill ge en illustration på hur en välorganiserad kundrelation kan framkallas. Uppsatsen är även en undersökning som kommer att framhäva Länsförsäkringarnas varianter av strategier och metoder inom kundrelation, detta kommer även att baseras ur kundens perspektiv. Det vitalaste kommer att handla om hur Länsförsäkringarna kan förbättra och utveckla detta.   Metod: Vi valde att använda oss av primärdata för att öka trovärdigheten genom enkätundersökning och intervjuer, våra sekundärdata användes för att ge stöd till den primäradatan med författares och forskares teorier. Sedan jämförde vi resultatet från intervjuerna och enkätundersökningen med vad teoretikerna anser för att se om det överensstämmer med resultatet.   Resultat & slutsats: Vi tycker att det har varit ett intresseväckande arbete att följa Länsförsäkringarnas tillvägagånssätt om hur de bemöter kunderna och relationen till dem. Verksamheten är ledande inom försäkringar men befinner sig i en konkurrenskraftig marknad. Därför är det viktigt att omhänderta sina kunder, särskilt de kunder som idag är missnöjda och som troligtvis inte har orkat byta försäkringsbolag. Det är dessa kunder som kan föra vidare det dåliga ryktet om företaget till nya potentiella kunder. Vi anser att företaget har en bristande kundrelation, detta har bekräftats med empiriska studier och med den sekundäradata. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Det finns många aspekter att analysera, som exempelvis; en djupgående studie om hur CRM implementeras och används av konkurrenterna (IF, Trygghansa och Folksam) samt i jämförelse med Länsförsäkringarna.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Detta arbete ger en verklighetssyn av Länsförsäkringarnas relationer till sina kunder och hur företaget skall förbättra detta samt utveckla personalens kompetens inom det berörda området.   Nyckelord och förkortningar: Lf = Länsförsäkringarna, Rm= Relationsmarknadsföring, Crm= Customer relationship management, Rm-tåget= Relationsmarknadsföringståget, E-CRM= Electronic customer relationship management, Kundnöjdhet, Kundrelationer, Kundlojalitet / Aim: The purpose of this essay is to ilustrate factors which influence customer relationship and how companies should improve and retain their customers.We want to show how an organized customer relationship can evoke. This essay is also an investigation which will bring out different variations of strategies and methods of customer relationship. This will also base on the customer experience. The most important thing is that the essay will give the readers answers on how the company Länsförsäkringarna can develop these strategies.   Method: We have chosen to use Primary data to increase the reliability threw interviews and questionnaire examination.We also used secondary data to provide support to the primary data.We compered the results from the interviews and questionnaire examination with professors and authors teories   Result and Conclusions We think that it has been an intresting work to follow Länsförsäkringarna strategies on how they aproach the customers and their relationship with them. Länsförsäkringarna are leaders in their business in insurance but their position in the market is very competitive. Therefore it is very important to take a good care of the cutomers, especially the customers who are not satisfied and don’t care to change to another incuranse company. They will surtenly spread a bad reputation about Länsförsäkringarna threw word of mouth to the new potential customers. In our opinion we think that Länsförsäkringarna have a bad relation to their customers and that have been confirmed by our empirical studies and with the help of secondary data.   Sugestion of future research There are many aspects to analyze, for example a deep going study about how to implement CRM and how it is used by competetors of Länsförsäkringarna, and also to compare the study with Länsförsäkringarna.   Contribution of the thesis This work gives a realitypicture of Länförsäkringarna:s relations to their customers and how the company shall develop their staff competence in customer relationship management.   Key words Lf = Länsförsäkringarna, Rm= Relationship marketing, Crm= Customer relationship management, Rm-tåget= Relationshipmarketing train, E-CRM= Electronic customer relationship management, Customer satisfaction, Customer relationship, Customer loyalty

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama marketingo komplekso elementų ir vartotojo elgsenos veiksnių įtaka vartotojo lojamumui. Analizuojama marketingo komplekso sudėtis skirtingose marketingo koncepcijose, pateikiamas vartotojo elgsenos veiksnių klasifikavimas, nagrinėjami vartotojo lojalumą lemiantys veiksniai. Atliktas komercinių bankų klientų lojalumo tyrimas anketinės apklausos metodu. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais, nustatyti pagrindiniai komercinių bankų klientų lojalumą lemiantys veiksniai. Baigiamajame darbe sudarytas komercinių bankų klientų lojalumo formavimo modelis. Išnagrinėjus teorinius ir praktinius vartotojo lojalumo aspektus, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir siūlymai. Darbą sudaro 5 dalys: įvadas, teorinė marketingo komplekso, vartotojų elgsenos ir lojalumo analizė, komercinių bankų klientų lojalumas, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 77 p. teksto be priedų, 34 iliustr., 4 lent., 59 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / In the master‘s thesis the influence of marketing mix and consumer behaviour factors to loyalty is analysed. Different marketing mix elements in particular marketing concept are analysed. Also a classification of consumer behaviour factors is presented. Determinants of customers loyalty are analysed. The research of commercial bank customers‘ loyalty is made by using questionnaire method. With reference to results of the research determinants of commercial bank customers‘ loyalty are found. In the master‘s thesis the model of commercial banks customers loyalty is created. After analysing theoretical and practical aspects of customer loyalty the conclusions and suggestions are given. Structure: introduction, analysis of theoretical aspects of marketing mix, consumer behaviour and loyalty, commercial banks customers’ loyalty, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consists of: 77 p. text without appendixes, 34 pictures, 4 tables, 59 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.

It is common practice for service providers, such as cell phone network providers, to utilise relationship marketing strategies in an effort to retain their customers and thereby to increase profitability. Customers with relationship intentions are willing to respond to such efforts while other customers will refrain. Service failures negatively impact relationship marketing efforts and thus complicate service providers’ relationship-building efforts. Therefore, service providers endeavour to restore customers’ post-recovery satisfaction and loyalty through service recovery efforts to retain their customers. However, the influence that customers’ relationship intentions have on this process has not been considered. Previous research on relationship intention in South Africa focussed only on developing a valid and reliable relationship intention measurement scale. For this reason, the primary objective of this study was to determine the influence of relationship intention on customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention following service recovery within the cellular industry. Supporting the primary objective, a model depicting the influence of respondents’ relationships intentions on satisfaction, loyalty and retention following service recovery was developed. Furthermore, a model depicting the interrelationships of the relationship constructive dimensions of the service recovery process uncovered during this study was also developed. Through non-probability convenience sampling of adults 18 years and older (residing in Johannesburg and the surrounding residential suburbs) who have used a cell phone network provider for three years or longer, 605 respondents completed interviewer-administered questionnaires. Demographic and patronage information, together with respondents’ relationship intentions, attitudes towards complaining, customers’ complaint behaviour, expectations of service recovery, perceived service recovery as well as satisfaction, loyalty and retention following service recovery, were obtained. Results indicated that no associations exist between respondents’ levels of relationship intention and their relationship lengths, as well as whether they had contractual agreements with their cell phone network providers. It is therefore recommended that instead of using relationship length or contractual agreements, cell phone network providers should use customers’ relationship intentions to identify customers for relationship marketing purposes. Findings from this study furthermore include that respondents’ relationship intentions influence their propensities to complain, as well as the likelihood that they will voice a complaint regarding dissatisfactory service delivery. It is therefore recommended that cell phone network providers use the opportunity to identify customers with relationship intentions through customers’ complaint behaviour. This study found that respondents’ relationship intentions influence both their expectations of cell phone network providers to take service recovery action, as well as their perceptions of service recovery. Respondents’ relationship intentions also positively influence their satisfaction, loyalty and retention following service recovery. Based on these findings, it is recommended that cell phone network providers should always take corrective action following service failures (such as billing errors in this study), preferably by including at least an acknowledgement, apology, explanation and rectification of the problem as part of the service recovery efforts. Such a combination of service recovery efforts will increase the satisfaction, loyalty and retention of customers with higher relationship intentions. From the results it can be concluded that customers’ relationship intentions influence their behaviour with regard to propensity to complain, voicing, expectations of service recovery action, perceptions of service recovery, as well as satisfaction, loyalty and retention following service recovery, when service failures occur. The proposed model developed from these findings results in the recommendation that cell phone network providers should view the service recovery process as an interrelated process influenced by customers’ relationship intentions. Cell phone network providers should note that customers with higher relationship intentions will attempt to salvage the relationship when service failures occur, which contributes to their satisfaction, loyalty and retention following service recovery. This study contributes to establishing relationship intention theory by confirming the positive influence of customers’ relationship intentions on constructive behaviour when service failures occur. Moreover, practical recommendations concerning cell phone network providers’ response to billing errors are proposed. Future research should address the methodological limitations of this study by using probability sampling, and data should be collected from all South African provinces. Real-time service failures should be considered as opposed to the scenario-based approach used in this study. Important influences on customer behaviour when service failures occur, such as the perceived severity of service failure, service failure type, perceived justice and attributions, should also be considered with regard to their influence on the constructs of this study. Lastly, the antecedents of or differences with regard to customers’ relationship intentions based on personality, generational cohort or population group deserve further attention to establish relationship intention as study field within the domain of relationship marketing. / PhD (Marketing Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014.

No description available.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka värden som på längre sikt har avgörande betydelse för att engagera en kund med avseende på lojalitetsprogram. Metod: I studien användes en kvantitativ metod där en enkät med stängda svarsalternativ skickades ut till ca 30 000 respondenter. Till enkäten användes ordinal- och nominalskala för att möjliggöra Spearman’s rho korrelationsanalys med hjälp av statistiska mjukvaran IBM SPSS. Analyserna användes sedan för acceptera eller förkasta de hypoteser som deducerats från teorin. Resultat: Resultatet visade att trots en pågående negativ trend för lojalitetsprogram så skapar de engagemang och är betydande för kunden. Det värde som visade sig ha signifikant betydelse för engagemanget var kundens mervärde. Kundens mervärde leder till upprepade köp och har en direkt påverkan på kundens lojalitet och kundens uppfattning av programmet som påverkar engagemanget. Resultatet av studien kan därför ses som en pågående interaktionsprocess där företagets aktiviteter påverkar kundens engagemang både i och utanför lojalitetsprogrammet. Ett ökat mervärde i interaktionsprocessen till följd av företagets aktiviteter och kundens värdering av varumärket, ökar kundens engagemang, vilket möjliggör att lojalitet kan skapas genom program på längre sikt. Förslag till fortsatta studier: Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för de värden som engagerar kunden med avseende på lojalitetsprogram. Författarnas ambition är att vidare forskning ska ta avstamp i studiens resultat och den modell som utvecklats. Förhoppningen är att studien ska ligga till grund för empirisk tillämpning inom servicenäringen samt utgöra underlag vid strategiska beslut och marknadsundersökningar.

Nonostante la costante attenzione dedicata al tema della fedeltà del consumatore, la letteratura di marketing non è stata in grado di fornire una definizione condivisa e chiara del costrutto. Questo si è tradotto in una scarsa integrazione del tema della customer loyalty negli studi di consumer behaviour. L’analisi della fedeltà del cliente diviene più complessa nei contesti distributivi e in particolare per quanto concerne la grande distribuzione moderna. Questa tesi di dottorato presenta e testa un framework concettuale che descrive il processo psicologico alla base dello sviluppo di fedeltà nei confronti della grande distribuzione moderna. Il modello si fonda sul reference-based paradigm e si snoda in due fasi. Nella fase cognitiva vengono valutati gli effetti degli stimoli provenienti dallo store environment sulla formazione delle valutazioni dei consumatori in merito a functional congruity, self-congruity e attrattività delle alternative presenti sul mercato. Nella seconda fase vengono analizzati gli effetti di queste tre variabili sulla fedeltà del consumatore. Viene inoltre evidenziato come l’identificazione tra retailer e consumatore risulti essere di primaria importanza per la customer loyalty. Inoltre il modello include e testa l’impatto di fattori quali struttura del mercato, livello di conoscenza del consumatore e time pressure sul processo di sviluppo di customer loyalty. / Although researchers have wondered about the meaning of true customer loyalty for decades, literature still lacks a clear and shared conceptualization. This has also resulted in a poor integration of the concept of customer loyalty in consumer behaviour theory. The general debate on customer loyalty is even more complex when referring to the particular case of retail establishments, in which absolute consumer loyalty is not realistic and most shoppers purchase on a portfolio basis. In order to contribute to the understanding of customer loyalty, this thesis proposes and empirically tests a comprehensive conceptual framework aimed at analysing the psychological process underlying the development of customer loyalty in retail settings. Based on the reference-based paradigm and structured in two stages, the model considers three reference effects, i.e. functional congruity, alternative attractiveness and self-congruity and their role in the relationship between store environment and customer loyalty in grocery retail. The thesis acknowledges the pivotal role of self-congruity in the relationship between store environment and customer loyalty due to its interplay with the other reference effects. It also proves that market structure, shopping expertise and time pressure are of prime importance when analysing customer loyalty.

本研究係以全球科技大廠 – 惠普科技(Hewlett-Packard)中之「家用多功能印表機」產品為例，探討消費者「購買行為」(消費動機、購買考慮因素)、「產品知覺品質」與「顧客滿意度」及「顧客忠誠度」之關係及影響因素，希望能提供惠普科技在後續產品規劃、行銷策略與品牌形象經營之參考。 本研究採量化-「問卷調查法」與質化-「焦點團體訪談法」之方式進行研究；量化調查方面，共取得300份有效問卷，並運用敘述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析（one-way ANOVA）、Pearson相關分析法、迴歸分析法，將資料進行統計分析及獲得假設驗證；質化研究方面，採用焦點團體訪談法，藉由訪談已購買及使用該產品超過一年之消費者，探索研究對象之消費者使用經驗、品牌形象與未被滿足的需求。 本研究的研究結果如下： 一、性別、年齡、個人平均月所得不同的消費者，對HP家用多功能印表機之購買行為的購買考慮因素中，確實存有差異性。 二、購買行為(消費動機、購買考慮因素)與顧客滿意度、顧客忠誠度間具顯著相關性。 三、產品知覺品質與顧客滿意度、顧客忠誠度間具顯著相關性。 四、顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度具顯著正向關係。 五、經由質化研究，惠普科技(Hewlett-Packard)及其家用多功能印表機在消費者心中的品牌形象是正向的。 針對惠普科技(Hewlett-Packard)提出行銷策略建議： (1) 產品面：建議業者更加加強產品行銷策略，特別是針對產品口碑、品牌、品質及功能…等部份。 (2) 服務面：加強產品的教育訓練以及提升賣場人員對HP品牌的忠誠度、提高產品售後服務保固年限，在國內設置消費者聯絡窗口…等。 (3)就品牌形象：目前惠普科技(Hewlett-Packard)給消費者的感覺已非常正面，也 擁有高知名度，建議保持並更加加強HP品牌在消費者心目中的良好形象。 關鍵字：購買行為、產品知覺品質、顧客滿意度、顧客忠誠度 *關於惠普(Hewlett-Packard)： HP惠普總公司位於美國加州Palo Alto，由Mark Hurd擔任董事長暨執行長，於全球超過170個國家設有服務據點，擁有151,000名以上的員工。2008年全球營收總額逾1183億美元，為財星雜誌(Fortune)評選500大企業中排名11之跨國性企業體。 / In this research, a case study is conducted for the consumer multi-functional printer products of the global market leader, i.e. Hewlett-Packard in order to investigate how consumer buying behavior and perceived quality influence customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The result is expected to be a point of reference for HP to develop its product roadmap, marketing strategy, and brand image in the future. This research adopts both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In terms of quantitative approach, 300 effective questionnaires are obtained for statistical analysis where a few statistical methodologies such as Descriptive statistic, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, Regression are utilized to verify the hypothesis and assumptions. As to qualitative approach, Focus Group is employed where the people with over one year experience in using the products are interviewed in efforts to explore consumer experience, brand image, and unsatisfactory customer needs. The result of this research shows: 1. Interviewees with different sex, age, and income show significant differences when they consider purchasing the products. 2. Buying behavior has a dramatic correlation with customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. 3. There is an obvious correlation with customer satisfaction, customer loyalty on perceived quality. 4. Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have a positive relationship. 5. Through the qualitative research, HP brand and its multi-functional printers have a positive brand image on consumer. Hereafter are the suggestions for HP to develop the marketing strategy onwards: 1.Product: enhance product marketing strategy in particular in brand image, quality, and functionality, etc. 2.Service: organize channel training programs in order to increase brand loyalty and extend the period of after services as well as establish direct contact window in Taiwan. 3.Brand image: nowadays HP has a positive impression on consumer with its high brand recognition. Advise to maintain and even strengthen the customer relationship.

面對競爭激烈的手機市場，消費趨勢已經從產品功能導向轉為消費體驗導向，體驗行銷(Schmitt，1999)改變了傳統只重視手機商品的性能與效益，轉而透過策略體驗模組(SEMs)與體驗媒介(ExPros)來提升產品附加價值。目前SonyEricsson索尼愛立信、NOKIA諾基亞、Samsung三星等手機巨頭都非常青睞體驗銷售方式，紛紛成立自家的品牌旗艦店並設立體驗平台，成為全新體驗式專賣店，此手法也成為各家品牌手機廠商傳達訊息給消費者最直接的模式。 本研究以SonyEricsson旗艦店為研究對象，研究方法採用便利抽樣方式進行調查，透過量化與質化探討體驗行銷的策略體驗模組SEMs、體驗價值、顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度間的關係，並提出實務的體驗行銷建言。 研究結論如下： 一. 透過適當的策略體驗模組可以強化不同構面的體驗價值。 二. 體驗模組中的行動與關聯、思考與情感體驗可正向影響顧客滿意度。 三. 體驗模組的行動與關聯、思考及情感體驗可以正向影響顧客忠誠度。 四. 體驗價值中的投資報酬價值、卓越服務及趣味價值可以正向影響顧客滿意度。 五. 體驗價值中的投資報酬價值、卓越服務及趣味價值可以正向影響顧客忠誠度。 六. 顧客滿意度可以正向強化顧客忠誠度。 研究建議如下： 一. 旗艦店應為顧客形塑精準而創新的消費體驗。 二. 旗艦店應整合相關行銷資源，強化顧客感受到的經濟價值 三. 持續強化旗艦店的服務品質，積極提升優質和愉悅服務價值 四. 旗艦店應針對不同性別而有不同的產品行銷策略 關於索尼愛立信(Sony Ericsson) Sony Ericsson 創立於 2001年 10月，為 Sony Corporation 與Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 的合資企業，股權各佔一半。超過 7,500 個員工，致力於一系列產品、配件與應用程式的開發、設計、行銷、銷售、流通與服務。 有來自世界各地超過 40 個國家的員工，都受到各自所屬文化的激勵。從我們在瑞典、日本、中國、美國與英國的研發工作，到倫敦的全球管理，以至於世界各地的地區中心。 / With the fierece competition of mobile phone market, the trends of mobile consumbers had changed from product-oriented to experience-oriented Experiential Marketing (Schmitt, 1999) had transformed from traditional mobile phone product which merely emphasized on functionalities and effectiveness to add values on top of the product through the Strategic Experiential Modules SEMs and Experiential Providers ExPros. To present, Sony Ericsson, Nokia as well as Samsung mobile manufactures are very keen on experiential marketing by forming up their own flagship store and establishing a brand-new mobile phone experiential platform. This approach has become directly for branding mobile phone manufacturers to convey a marketing message to consumers. In this study, Sony Ericsson flagship store for the study, researchers used convenience sampling methods to investigate, through quantitative and qualitative strategies of experience marketing experience module SEMs, experience the value of the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, and make practical experience of marketing suggestions. This case study is targeting at Sony Ericsson flagship store, analyzing the relations of Strategic Experiential Modules SEMs, Experiential Value, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty through qualitative and quantitative methodology, providing the practical marketing recommendations to the owner of flagship store. The result of this research shows : 1. Through appropriate SEMs can positively predict different aspect of experimental value. 2. SEMs -Act, Relate, Think and Feel can positively reinforce customer satisfaction. 3. SEMs -Act, Relate, Think and Feel can positively reinforce customer loyalty. 4. Experimental value CROI, service excellence and playfulness can positively reinforce customer satisfaction. 5. Experimental value CROI, service excellence and playfulness can positively reinforce customer loyalty. 6. Customer satisfaction can positively reinforce customer loyalty. Hereafter are the suggestions for Sony Ericsson Flagship Store to develop the marketing strategy onwards: 1. Flagship Store should provide accurate and innovative consumer experience to their customers. 2. Flagship Store should integrate relevant marketing resources to enhance experimental value CROI. 3. Continuing to strengthen the flagship store quality of service, and actively enhance the service excellence and playfulness. 4. Flagship store should have different gender-specific product marketing strategy About Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson, a 50:50 joint venture of Sony Corporation and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, was established in October 2001. Over 9,000 employees contribute to the development, design, marketing, sales, distribution and service of a full portfolio of products, accessories and applications. Hailing from over 40 countries and employed across the map, our people are inspired by the cultures that surround them. From our R&D operations in Sweden, Japan, China, the US and UK, to our global management in London to our regional centers around the world.