In an ever-moving world, urban governance and infrastructure have to adapt to climate change. In the meantime, people's concerns and engagement towards urban projects which will affect their lives are growing. The climate change adaptation process is inevitable to implement, considering the multiplicity of climate change threats. Hawai'i is no exception, and it has to adapt its infrastructures to stronger and more frequent floods. This master's thesis highlights the case of the Ala Wai risk flood management plan in Hawai'i, the U.S., and the engagement of some Hawaiians in the Protect Our Ala Wai Watershed (POAWW) grassroots movement against the proposed project. The conflict creates the emergence of two paradigms, which are translating two opposing strategies of action. Each paradigm aligns with a specific approach that reflects the interests and value systems of the individuals that constituted it. On the one hand, there is the economic growth paradigm supported by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which manages the project and unfolds the resilience strategy by protecting Honolulu's dominant economic interests. On the other hand, there is the environmental justice paradigm, mobilized by the POAWW grassroots movement. This latter one is positioned within the transition strategy and demands the integration of indigenous knowledge into the project. To go beyond this conflictual standoff, the master's thesis argues that a hybrid paradigm, which would move towards a transformation strategy, would be preferable to surpass the current cleavages. This paradigm shift gives keys of actions and could be transferable in a contextualized way to other urban conflicts linked with the climate change adaptation process.

Bakgrund: Klimatförändringarna medför osäkerheter som är en utmaning för samhällsplaneringen. Utifrån Plan- och bygglagen (2010:900) har kommunerna ansvar att planlägga mark inom sitt geografiska område. Kustområden är i många fall högt utvecklade, tätbefolkade och ekonomiskt viktiga, men havsnivåhöjningen förväntas orsaka komplexa risker som kan innefatta förlust av liv, mark och försörjningsmöjligheter om inga åtgärder implementeras. Det är därför allmänt erkänt att klimatanpassningen inte kan vänta. I Sverige har den unika landhöjningen en mildrande effekt på havsnivåhöjningen. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur svenska kommuner hanterar dessa osäkerheter i detaljplaneprocessen med utgångspunkt i olika teorier om beslutsfattande. Metod: Studien har utgått ifrån en flerfallsstudiedesign för att bygga upp fall som kan jämföras och ställas emot varandra för att få ut generaliserande kunskaper. Studien har följt en induktiv kvalitativ metod för att kunna sammanställa stora kvantiteter av underlag och för att ha datan i fokus under hela processen. Fallen Helsingborgs stad och Varbergs kommun har valts ut genom ett strategiskt urval, kommunerna har aktiva eller nyligen beslutade detaljplaner i kustområdet. Två datakällor har använts i studien: expertintervjuer från de utvalda fallen och dokumentation kopplat de utvalda fallen. Transkriberingen av expertintervjuerna och dokumenten har analyserats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Båda kommuner har i detaljplanearbetet identifierat en risk med översvämning från havet. Helsingborgs stad har ett styrdokument, antaget av fullmäktige, med specificerade säkringsnivåer för byggnation i närheten av kusten. Denna nivå har använts fram tills idag, men den diskuteras i ett separat planuppdrag som finns inom kommunen på grund av nytillkommen forskningsbaserad kunskap. Hållbarheten för byggnationen är viktig och IPCC:s scenario RCP8,5 har använts för att ta fram nivåer och tidsperspektivet är år 2150. Befintlig bebyggelse kan medföra att ett kortare tidsperspektiv används för att passa in i området. Varbergs kommun identifierar att kunskapen förändrats sedan deras styrdokument antogs och tar kontakt med olika myndigheter för att få kunskap om hur de ska arbeta. Dessa myndigheter säger olika saker och till slut meddelar Länsstyrelsen att en expertutredning måste genomföras. Kommunen har valt att ta höjd för värsta scenariot år 2150, men kan inte höja marken tillräckligt mycket på grund av befintlig byggnation och har därför en föreskrift i detaljplanen om färdigt golv-nivå. Slutsats: Havsnivåhöjningen innebär att komplexa och kombinerade risker, men kusten är populärt att bosätta sig vid och kortsiktig tillväxt går före säkerhet även om områden identifieras som olämpliga av tjänstepersoner. Osäkerheten och ständigt tillkommande ny kunskap medför en utmaning för kommunerna. Kommunerna vill bidra till att skapa hållbara bostadsområden, men också att den befintliga platsens förutsättningar ska kunna inverka på klimatsäkringen. Detaljplaner påverkas tydligt av myndigheter och experter. Helsingborg använder sig av beslutsstrategierna försiktighetsprincipen och As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) i samhällsplaneringen, medan Varberg använder ALARP. Ett nytt teoretiskt ramverk har tagits fram under studiens process. / Background: Climate change brings uncertainties that pose challenges for urban planning. Under the Swedish Planning and Building Act (2010:900), municipalities are responsible for land-use planning within their defined geographical area. Coastal areas are in many cases highly developed, densely populated and economically important, and sea level rise is expected to expose these areas to complex risks that may result in loss of life, land and livelihoods if actions are not implemented. It is therefore widely recognised that climate adaptation cannot wait. Land elevation in Sweden have a mitigating effect on the sea level rise. The aim of this study is to investigate how Swedish municipalities deal with these uncertainties in the zone planning process based on different theories of decision making. Method: The study is based on a multi-case study design in order to build up cases that can be compared and weighed against each other in order to gain generalizable knowledge. Qualitative method was used as an inspiration to compile large amounts of evidence and to keep the focus on the collected data throughout the process. The cases Helsingborg City and Varberg Municipality have been selected through a strategic selection: the municipalities have active or recently adopted zone plans in the coastal area. Two data sources have been used in the study: expert interviews from the selected cases and documentation linked to the selected cases. The transcripts of the expert interviews and the documents have been analysed through a qualitative content analysis. Results: Both municipalities have identified a risk of flooding from the sea in the zone planning process. The city of Helsingborg has a policy document, adopted by the municipal council, with specified safety levels for construction near the coast. This level has been used for zone planning until now, but it is under discussion in a separate ongoing planning process within the municipality due to newly available research-based knowledge. The sustainability of the new construction is the most important factor for climate adaptation. The IPCC scenario RCP8.5 has been used as a safety measure during the process and the time perspective is set to 2150. In other areas a shorter time perspective might be used due to present development. Varberg municipality acknowledges that their current policy document is outdated due to new and accumulated knowledge on the effects of climate change. The municipality has been in contact with various governmental agencies to identify suitable actions. However, the prerequisites given by different authorities are conflicting, and the County Administrative Board announced that an expert study must be conducted. The municipality has chosen the worst-case scenario of the year 2150 as a condition in their planning. However, since the ground cannot be sufficiently raised due to existing development, they have a finished-floor-level ordinance in the zone plan.  Conclusion: Sea level rise poses complex and combined risks, but due to popularity, short-term growth takes precedence over safety in urban planning even when areas are identified as unsuitable by the civil servants. Uncertainty and the constant addition of new knowledge pose a challenge for local authorities. Municipalities want to build sustainable residential areas, but the conditions of the existing buildings at the location can have an impact on the climate adaptation. Helsingborg uses the precautionary principle and As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) decision-making strategies in their urban planning, while Varberg uses ALARP. During the process of the study a new theoretical framework have evolved.

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This thesis examines the readiness and perception in the regions of Gothenburg and Bremen towards future sea level rise. It does so through the theoretical lens of risk psychology / policy research and of climate science research. Results are built on some of the most recent research of these fields, as well as interviews with 14 people on the local, regional and national level in Germany and Sweden. Key findings of this thesis are that both contexts struggle to deal with the great uncertainties inherent in sea level rise. On the German North Sea coast, there is long experience with sea level variation and extensive civil institutions created to deal with storm surges, dikes and sea level rise which may partially compensate for inherent vulnerability to future sea level rise in this region. The novelty of sea level rise in Gothenburg and Sweden means that it is in the process of creating similar institutions and national-regional divisions of responsibility from scratch. The great uncertainty around the pace and extent of future sea level rise is however an obstacle which may have to be overcome before a more coherent response may be developed. / Denna uppsats undersöker beredskap och uppfattningar kring framtida havsnivåhöjningar i Göteborg och Bremen. Detta görs med de teoretiska ansatserna riskpsykologi / beslutspsykologi och grundläggande klimatvetenskap. Uppsatsens resultat bygger på de senaste resultaten inom dessa fält, samt intervjuer med 14 personer på lokal, regional och nationell nivå i Tyskland och Sverige. Efter genomförd studie kan konstateras att bägge kontext har svårigheter att hantera de stora osäkerheter som havsnivåhöjningen medför. Tyska Nordsjökusten har mycket lång erfarenhet och kapabla offentliga institutioner vilka skapats för att hantera skyddsvallar, sjunkande landnivåer och stormfloder, vilket balanserar det prekära läge som området annars står inför. I Göteborg och i Sverige är havsnivåhöjning något fundamentalt nytt, vilket innebär att man nu försöker skapa liknande institutioner och ansvarsfördelning mellan nationellt och regionalt som de Bremen och Tyskland redan har. Ett hinder för detta är de stora osäkerheter som råder kring hastighet och absolut nivå på framtida havsnivåhöjningar. Dessa osäkerheter kan komma behöva reduceras innan problemet börjar hanteras på ett mer samordnat sätt.

Due to climate change, water resources’ scarcity and distribution variability have generated a growing interest in sustainable water management in recent years. In addition, the growing interest in implementing nature-based solutions for urban resilience leads to the development of decentralized water supply systems such as rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) as a complementary resource to conventional centralized water supply systems. The study is motivated by the climatic risks that the city of Madrid is subject to face in the upcoming years such as pronounced summer droughts and urban heat waves, leading to the reduction of water resources availability. This study aims to use Multi-criteria decision analysis and Geographic Information systems as tools for locating optimal space for the installation of pond harvesting systems (PHS) in Madrid for water recollection for non-potable purposes in the city. Attaining this aim, two objectives were set. Firstly, to evaluate and select the most relevant criteria for the installation of PHS and secondly, to generate a map of the most suitable locations for installation of PHS in the city of Madrid through a proposed GIS-MCDA methodology and a complimentary evaluation for each possible solution, to obtain a global vision of the applicability of PHS in Madrid. Through the first objective, several criteria were set for PHS installation, namely: distance to the river, rainfall, slope, soil characteristics, and land use. These criteria were applied to Madrid through a GIS-MCDA methodology, using these two tools’ synergy to obtain a suitability map for PHS installation. Two criteria weightings will be performed to evaluate the model’s robustness by modifying the criteria’ weights resulting in two different suitability scenarios. The discussion will analyze the results obtained considering the two scenarios and propose the most suitable location clusters identified. Finally, the conclusion will reflect the study’s most important findings and open the door to further research on the topic, such as the design, operation infrastructure, drainage logistics distribution, and other modifications in Madrid’s current water management system. / Som en konsekvens av den pågående klimatförändringen och dess inverkan i distributionen av vattenresurser har det skapats ett växande intresse för en hållbar vattenförvaltning de senaste åren. Detta växande intresse leder till implementationen av naturbaserade lösningar för urban resiliens och till en utveckling av decentraliserade vattenförsörjningssystem som regnvattenuppsamling (RWHS) som en komplementerande resurs till konventionella centraliserade vattenförsörjningssystem. Huvudsyftetmed denna studie är att täcka forskningsklyftan och att genom användning av verktyg som multikriterieanalys och geografiskt informationssystem (GIS) lokalisera en optimal plats för installation av dammar för regnvattenupptagning som del av stadsplanering för att skapa en hållbar vattenförvaltning i staden. För att uppnå detta, sattes två mål. Det ena var att utvärdera och välja de mest relevanta kriterierna för installation av dammuppsamlingssystem (PHS), det andra målet var att generera en karta över de lämpligaste platserna för installation av PHS i Madrid (Spanien) genom en föreslagen GIS-MCDA-metod och en kompletterande utvärdering för varje möjligt resultat i syfte att få en global vision av tillämpligheten av PHS i Madrid. De främsta kriterierna som utsågs för att göra utvärderingen av uppsamlingssystems installationen var: avstånd till f loden, nederbörd, sluttning, markegenskaper och markanvändning. Dessa kriterier tillämpades genom en GIS-MCDA-metodik, och med hjälp av dessa verktygs synergi erhölls en lämplighetskarta för PHS-installationer. Två kriterie viktningar kommer att utföras för att utvärdera modellens robusthet och vilket även kommer att resultera i två olika lämplighetsscenarier. Diskussionen kommer bestå av en analys av resultaten med hänsyn till de två scenarierna, och föreslå de två lämpligaste lokaliseringsklustren som identifierats. Slutligen kommer slutsatsen att återspegla studiens viktigaste resultat och öppna dörren för ytterligare forskning i ämnet, såsom design, driftinfrastruktur, dräneringslogistikdistribution och andra modifieringar i Madrids nuvarande vattenledningssystem.

A key challenge for sustainable urban development is to deal with the effects of climate change. To approach this issue, ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), i.e. the use of ecosystem services for climate adaptation, has been promoted by both scholars and practitioners. In this context, the thesis addresses two research questions: how EbA is included in strategic climate adaptation planning and how EbA is implemented in practice. To tackle these topics, the study uses a multiple case study design, where the process from strategic planning to its implementation is investigated in two Northern European cities: Copenhagen and Malmö. To collect in-depth data, qualitative methods were used: a document analysis and semi-structured interviews with planning officials were conducted. The findings of the study show that there is a high degree of awareness of the different EbA measures, their potential role to address climate change effects and their co-benefits in climate adaptation plans. However, the practical implementation of the plans was executed only at a project-based scale to address some climate change impacts rather than holistically and on a regional level. The main EbA measure that was used was the expansion and transformation of public green space. The thesis concludes that a more comprehensive approach concerning the use of EbA is needed and further mainstreaming is highly required. / En viktig utmaning för hållbar stadsutveckling är att adressera effekterna av de stundande klimatförändringar. För att ta sig an denna fråga har användningen av ekosystembaserad anpassning (EbA), dvs. användningen av ekosystemtjänster för klimatanpassning, främjats av både forskare och utövare. I detta sammanhang behandlar studien två forskningsfrågor: hur EbA ingår i strategisk klimatanpassningsplanering och hur EbA implementeras i praktiken. Studien innehåller en fallstudie- design, där processen från strategisk planering till dess genomförande undersöks i två nordeuropeiska städer: Köpenhamn och Malmö. För att samla in data användes två kvalitativa metoder: en dokumentanalys och semistrukturerade intervjuer med tjänstepersoner på kommuner. Resultaten från studien visar att det finns en hög grad av medvetenhet om de olika EbA åtgärderna, deras potentiella roll för att hantera klimatförändringseffekter och deras synergier i klimatanpassningsplaner. Det praktiska genomförandet av planerna utfördes endast i en projektbaserad skala för att ta med vissa klimatförändringseffekter snarare än på ett holistiskt vis och på en större regional nivå. Den viktigaste EbA åtgärden som användes var utbyggnaden eller omvandlingen av de offentliga grönytorna. Sammanfattningsvis har studien visat på att det finns behov av ett mer heltäckande tillvägagångssätt och ytterligare integrering beträffande användandet av EbA krävs.

Longtemps laissée pour compte dans les réponses au changement climatique, l’adaptation prend aujourd’hui tout son sens. Confrontées aux premiers impacts du changement climatique et aux projections de plus en plus alarmantes, les sociétés commencent à se questionner sur les possibilités d’ajuster leurs activités à ces modifications d’une rapidité sans précédent. Bien davantage qu’un processus technique, l’adaptation au changement climatique peut être considérée comme un phénomène social se déroulant en interaction avec de nombreuses autres évolutions sociétales. <p><p>Cette thèse en sciences et gestion de l’environnement s’intéresse à la problématique de l’adaptation au changement climatique en Wallonie, dans le secteur de la foresterie et, en partie, de la filière bois. En nous appuyant sur les apports de la littérature théorique, nous appréhendons la pratique de l’adaptation de manière empirique, en nous concentrant d’abord sur une catégorie spécifique d’acteurs de la gestion forestière :les propriétaires forestiers privés. Une enquête qualitative approfondie a permis d’identifier différentes formes d’intégration de l’adaptation au sein de la gestion forestière, concrétisées par diverses mesures sylvicoles. Ces analyses ont abouti à l’élaboration d’une typologie de profils de propriétaires forestiers en fonction de leurs modes d’action en matière d’adaptation. Grâce à ces premiers résultats, nous avons pu investiguer la capacité d’adaptation de ces acteurs forestiers, comprise comme l’aptitude à s’ajuster aux dommages ou opportunités du changement climatique. Plusieurs variables d’influence ont été identifiées, révélant la portée multifactorielle du concept de capacité d’adaptation. <p>Ensuite, la focale de la recherche s’est élargie pour étudier les processus d’intégration de la question de l’adaptation au changement climatique à l’œuvre à d’autres niveaux de la filière forêt-bois wallonne. A travers une revue documentaire, des interviews et de l’observation non-participante, nous avons mené une analyse des représentations de la problématique de l’adaptation et des initiatives concrètes qui se mettent en place au sein de plusieurs organisations (administrations publiques, asbl de sensibilisation et de vulgarisation, instituts de formation, fédérations professionnelles et entreprises privées) de la gestion forestière et de la transformation du bois. Ce travail a révélé l’existence – ou l’absence – de différentes conceptions (cadrages) de l’adaptation selon les acteurs investigués, révélant des influences sur les possibilités d’options d’adaptation actuellement encouragées ou freinées. Ces apports nous ont permis d’alimenter notre analyse de la capacité d’adaptation des propriétaires forestiers privés, montrant la pertinence de notre approche multi-scalaire. <p>Finalement, les résultats de cette thèse nous amènent à nous interroger sur les diverses stratégies qui peuvent être associées à de l’adaptation au changement climatique, sur le « succès » des différentes trajectoires possibles et sur leurs dénominations qui sont loin d’être neutres (telle que la notion de « sans regret »). <p><p><p><p><p><p><p>For a long time adaptation has been neglected in the responses to climate change. Now facing the early impacts of climate change and its increasingly alarming projections, societies are beginning to question the possibility to adjust their activities to these changes characterized by an unprecedented speed. Much more than a technical process, adaptation to climate change can be seen as a social phenomenon occurring in interaction with many other societal changes.<p><p>This doctoral thesis in environmental science and management focuses on the issue of climate change adaptation in Wallonia, in the forestry sector and, partially, the timber industry. In strong interaction with the theoretical literature, we understand the practice of adaptation empirically, focusing firstly on a specific category of actors in forest management: private forest owners. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we identified different forms of integration of adaptation in forest management, materialized by various silvicultural measures. This analysis led to the development of a typology of different profiles of private forest owners according to their modes of action on adaptation. Then we investigated the adaptive capacity of these forest actors, understood as the ability to adjust to damage or opportunities of climate change. Several influencing variables were identified, revealing the multifactoriality of the concept of adaptive capacity.<p>Secondly, the focus of the research was extended to study the process of mainstreaming climate change adaptation at other levels of the Walloon forest and timber sectors. Through a literature review, interviews and non-participant observation, we conducted an analysis of representations related to adaptation and the concrete initiatives that are being implemented in several forest and timber organizations (governmental departments, non-profit associations, training institutes, professional federations and entreprises). This work has showed the existence – or the absence – of different framings of adaptation according to the actors, revealing influences on the adaptive options that are currently promoted or hindered. These contributions have enriched our analysis of the private forest owners’ adaptive capacity, confirming the relevance of our multi-scalar approach. <p>Finally, the results of this thesis make us asking ourselves about the various strategies that can be associated with climate change adaptation, the "success" of different possible adaptive trajectories and their designations that are far from neutral (such as the notion of “no regret” measures).<p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

While much attention has been given to the ways local communities may be impacted by climate change, this dissertation focuses ethnographically on the local agencies decision-making processes, a less-studied aspect of this topic. The primary purpose of this dissertation research is to understand how government agencies in southern Florida integrate climate change into their decision-making processes while dealing with political resistance. This research expands our understanding on the cultural politics of a new kind of environmental change, where national and international climate-change politics is brought into local water politics to illuminate how new and not so new visions about life in the contemporary metropolis collide and collude. Using multiple research methods including ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document research, I analyze the activities of the Miami-Dade County Climate Change Advisory Task Force Committee (MDC-CCATF) as well as the water management practices of the regional water management agency, the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). My findings include the following: (1) the Task Force activities have spearheaded Miami’s institutional adaptation to climate change; (2) historic legacies have expanded and complicated decision-making processes at the District; (3) a focus on the certainties of climate-change science allows climate change to persist in politically contentious planning contexts. My dissertation concluded that while planning for potential climate-change impacts can be difficult due to multiple institutional constraints that resource agencies like the District have, scientists and policy-makers have crafted an innovative culture that is particularly visible at sites where science and decision making intersect.

Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are currently considered among the most effective tools available to city administrations and urban planners to tackle the negative effects of climate change.This umbrella concept comprises a large set of different low-impact technical solutions that are inspired/supported, or copied, from nature. NBS are particularly valued as they can help cities foster sustainability and enhance resilience, while providing social benefits and new economic opportunities. NBShave been selected as a priority by the European Commission.Existing literature does not provide a clear, unique definition of NBS nor sufficient empirical support to demonstrate long-term change in communities and affected territories, particularly for participatory actions, as these are often difficult to analyse, measure, and assess. Adapting NBS-based strategies to local contexts is always a challenge – not only in terms of physical interventions, but particularly in terms of creating common understanding and long-term impact. Yet, dissemination activities, exchanges and debates across local and global actors are often considered as ‘collateral’.Starting from these premises, the study investigates the role of communication across local and global networks in NBS projects to explore which elements favour or hinder collaboration and knowledge creation, looking for possible seeds of transformation that might go undetected due to their intangible, non-quantifiable nature.Through a case study and a set of qualitative interviews, the challenges of understanding and adopting NBS will be tackled among the local and the global, revealing the importance of transdisciplinarity and a set of enabling conditions to facilitate transformative learning, and the role of flexible, adaptable participatory approaches to enhance collaborative open innovation. Possible ways forward and challenges towards forms of participatory governance will also be included.The analysis is clustered per themes to investigate the dynamics of dissemination activities, living lab settings and collaboration among international partners, as well as the overall influence of the European dimension; it ends with challenges and opportunities for the future of living labs and collaboration after the closure of the project. Meaningful examples and best practices shared by the2interviewees will guide the analysis. Additional topics and concerns as expressed freely by the participants will be outlined.As outlined in the closing section, reiteration of concepts and multiple opportunities to learn, experience and exchange about NBS are needed at local and global level. To support such collaborative effort, it takes one or more skilled facilitators as well as project frameworks to enable cross-sectoral collaboration and spontaneous inputs, towards innovative, long-lasting strategies to contribute in the global battle against climate change in cities.In the conclusions, through experiences and suggestions from the participants, possible strategies and actions will be reported, inviting for further transdisciplinary research by highlighting how intangible and practical items contribute to nature-based thinking. As to say: “to be inspired by natural processes in all aspects of urban development to create more holistic approaches to sustainable cities'' (Randrup, et al., 2020, p. 2).

Klimawandel und Biodiversitätsverlust sowie Verstädterung und demografischer Wandel haben tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf Städte und ihre Ökosysteme und damit auf die Lebensbedingungen der Mehrheit der Menschheit. Die Geschwindigkeit des Wandels und die Dringlichkeit der Folgen macht Umweltmonitoring zu einem potentiell interessanten Tool für nachhaltige und resiliente Stadtentwicklung. Der erste Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Fernerkundung in Bezug auf Stadtökologie und zeigt, dass Fernerkundung relevant für nachhaltige Stadtplanung ist. Es bestehen jedoch bestehen Mängel, da viele Studien nicht direkt umsetzbar sind. Der zweite Artikel zeigt, dass eine wachsende Stadt Möglichkeiten für den Ausbau der grünen Infrastruktur bieten kann. Im dritten Artikel wird untersucht, wie sich die städtische Dichte auf die Bereitstellung von Ökosystemdienstleistungen der grünen Infrastruktur auswirkt. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine hohe Siedlungsdichte nicht zwangsläufig zu einem geringeren Biodiversitätspotenzial oder einer geringeren Kühlkapazität führt. Allerdings sind dicht bebaute Gebiete mit geringer Vegetationsbedeckung besonders auf grüne Infrastruktur angewiesen. Der vierte Artikel befasst sich mit der Frage, wie naturbasierte Lösungen durch eine bessere Vernetzung der Beteiligten gestärkt werden können. Auf der Grundlage einer gezielten Literaturrecherche über Informationstechnologie zur Unterstützung sozial-ökologischer Systeme wird ein Instrument zur Entscheidungshilfe entwickelt. Dieses kombiniert ökologische und soziale Indikatoren, um Klimawandeladaption in Übereinstimmung mit den sozio-ökologischen Bedingungen entwickeln zu können. Der fünfte Artikel bietet eine grundsätzliche Perspektive zur Unterstützung der städtischen Nachhaltigkeit, die auf dem ökologischen-Trait Konzept basiert. Zusammen bieten die fünf Artikel Wege für die Fernerkundungswissenschaft und die angewandte Raumplanung für nachhaltige und resiliente Entwicklungen in Städten. / Climate change and biodiversity loss, as well as urbanisation and demographic change, are major global challenges of the 21st century. These trends have profound impacts on cities and their ecosystems and thus on the living conditions of the majority of humanity. This raises the need for timely environmental monitoring supporting sustainable and resilient urban developments. The first article is an overview of the state of the art of remote sensing science in relation to urban ecology. The review found that remote sensing can contribute to sustainable urban policy, still insufficiencies remain as many studies are not directly actionable. The second article shows that a growing city can provide opportunities for an increase in green infrastructure. Here, remote sensing is used for long-term analysis of land-use in relation to urban forms in Berlin. The third article examines how urban density affects ecosystem service provision of urban green infrastructure. It is shown that residential density does not necessarily lead to poor biodiversity potential or cooling capacity. However, dense areas with low vegetation cover are particularly dependent on major green infrastructure. The fourth article explores ways to reinforce nature-based solutions by better connecting and informing stakeholders. Based on a focussed literature review on information technology supporting urban social-ecological systems, a decision support tool is developed. The tool combines indicators based on ecological diversity and performance with population density and vulnerability. This way, climate change adaptation can be developed in accordance with socio-ecological conditions. The concluding fifth article offers an outlook on a larger framework in support of urban sustainability, based on the ecological trait concept. Together the five research papers provide pathways for urban remote sensing science and applied spatial planning that can support sustainable and resilient developments in cities.