This paper presents a qualitative case study to investigate how large international Swedish retail companies can adapt their green supply chain management strategies to cope with the pandemic and future crises. The findings are derived by combining relevant concepts of green supply chain management, such as the triple bottom line theory and circular economy, with primary data from interviews on green supply chain practices in four large international Swedish companies.

Hintergrund: Zu Beginn des Jahres 2020 verbreitete sich das Coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (Sars-CoV-2) über Deutschland und mehrere Länder hinweg. Am 11. März 2020 rief die Weltgesundheitsorganisation eine Pandemie aus. Zur Versorgung der Menschen wurde im ambulanten Sektor in Rheinland-Pfalz noch im März 2020 eine parallele Struktur aufgebaut. Dazu wurden COVID-19-Ambulanzen, -Praxen und -Sprechstunden (parallele Versorgungsstruktur) etabliert, in denen positiv getestete COVID-19-Fälle und -Verdachtsfälle sowie Menschen mit Infektsymptomen wie Atemnot, trockenem Husten und Fieber, behandelt werden konnten. Das Ziel bestand darin, die Patientenströme zu trennen, um eine gleichzeitige Regel- und Coronaversorgung zu gewährleisten. Die Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Rheinland-Pfalz (KV RLP) und die rheinland-pfälzischen Krankenkassen und ihre Ersatzkassen führten für die Versorgung in der parallelen Versorgungsstruktur die Coronaziffer 97700 ein, welche den besonderen Behandlungsbedarf während der Pandemie abbildete. Die Vertragsärzteschaft wurde bereits zu diesem Zeitpunkt besonderen Herausforderungen ausgesetzt. Auf diese Situation im ambulanten Sektor traf die COVID-19-Pandemie, die für die ambulante Versorgung entsprechende Auswirkungen mit sich brachte. Einerseits gilt es Belastungen wie eine Verschärfung des Ärztemangels, einen hohen Anteil an bürokratischen Arbeiten oder das Fehlen von Medizinstudienplätzen anzunehmen. Andererseits eröffnen der Ausbau des ambulanten Potenzials oder der digitale Fortschritt neue Chancen. Fragestellung: Die Ziele dieser Dissertation bestehen darin, den Verlauf der Steuerung von Personen mit Diagnose U07.1 (COVID-19-Fälle, bei denen das Virus SARS-CoV-2 durch einen Labortest bewiesen wurde) und U07.2 (COVID-19-Fälle, bei denen SARS-CoV-2 nicht durch einen Labortest bewiesen wurde, die Erkrankung aber anhand eines klinischen und eines epidemiologischen Kriteriums vorliegt) in der parallelen Versorgungsstruktur zu analysieren. Es soll eruiert werden, ob Zusammenhänge zwischen der Inanspruchnahme der neuen Struktur und dem Geschlecht, der Altersgruppe oder der Herkunft (städtisch/ländlich) bestehen. Aufgrund der Besonderheit der Coronaziffer eignet sich die ambulante rheinland-pfälzische Versorgung zur Analyse der Inanspruchnahme dieser neu etablierten Strukturen, denn dadurch kann im Nachhinein festgestellt werden, ob Personen in der Coronastruktur behandelt wurden. In der vorliegenden Studie werden erstmals die Abrechnungsdaten der KV RLP zur Inanspruchnahme der parallelen Versorgungsstruktur in Rheinland-Pfalz untersucht. Ein weiteres Ziel liegt in der Erarbeitung von Handlungsempfehlungen im Rahmen eines Pandemiemanagements für eventuell zukünftig aufkommende Pandemien für die ambulante Versorgung in Rheinland-Pfalz. Diese sollen aus Sicht der am Aufbau der Coronstruktur beteiligten Stakeholder:innen ermittelt werden. Zusätzlich soll analysiert werden, welche Chancen und Risiken für die weitere Arbeit im ambulanten Versorgungssektor in Rheinland-Pfalz durch die COVID-19-Pandemie hervorgingen und wie damit verfahren werden kann. Material und Methodik: Die Entwicklung der Inanspruchnahme der parallelen Versorgungsstruktur in Rheinland-Pfalz wurde auf Basis der Abrechnungsdaten der KV RLP im Zeitraum von März 2020 bis März 2021 untersucht. Das Analysesample umfasste 905 435 Patientenfälle, aus denen hervorgeht, ob zur Behandlung die parallele Versorgungsstruktur oder eine regelversorgende Praxis aufgesucht wurde. Um zusätzlich einen Überblick über die Nutzergruppen zu erhalten, wurden aus den Abrechnungsdaten abbildbare relevante Patientencharakteristika wie die Herkunft, das Geschlecht, die Altersgruppe und die Diagnose (Differenzierung nach U07.1 und U07.2) ermittelt. Die retrospektive Längsschnittsstudie in Form einer Sekundärdatenanalyse sollte mithilfe von deskriptiven und inferenzstatistischen Verfahren repräsentative Ergebnisse zur Inanspruchnahme der Coronastruktur liefern. Die Chancen und Risiken für den ambulanten Sektor, resultierend aus der COVID-19-Pandemie, sowie Handlungsempfehlungen für künftige Pandemien im Rahmen eines Pandemiemanagements für den ambulanten Versorgungssektor in Rheinland-Pfalz sollten durch leitfadengestützte, teilstandardisierte Experteninterviews ermittelt werden. Diese wurden mit Vertragsärzt:innen sowie mit Vertreter:innen von KV RLP, Kranken- und Ersatzkassen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Gesundheit des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz (MWG) und Kommunen geführt, die am Aufbau der Coronastruktur beteiligt waren. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring. Ergebnisse: Rund 69 Prozent der Patient:innen nahmen die parallele Versorgungsstruktur im Untersuchungszeitraum in Anspruch. Die quantitativen Datenauswertungen zeigen, dass diese Struktur im Verlauf der Pandemie vermehrt genutzt und damit eine Trennung der Patientenströme erreicht wurde: Ab dem zweiten Quartal des Jahres 2020 wurde die Coronastruktur quartalsweise von jeweils mehr als der Hälfte der Patient:innen aufgesucht, wobei im ersten Quartal des Jahres 2021 rund 75 Prozent der Erkrankten dort behandelt wurden. Bei der Inanspruchnahme ließen sich nach dem Chi-Quadrat-Test signifikante Auffälligkeiten hinsichtlich der altersgruppen-, herkunfts-, und geschlechtsspezifischen Nutzung feststellen. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich bei Menschen bis einschließlich 49 Jahren, bei Frauen sowie bei Personen aus dem ländlichen Raum stammend eine höhere 10/353 Inanspruchnahme der Coronastruktur, als bei gegensätzlichen Merkmalsausprägungen. Logistische Regressionen untermauern diese Erkenntnisse weitgehend. Daraufhin erstellte Vorhersagemodelle geben jedoch noch keinen Aufschluss darüber, bei welchen Merkmalsausprägungen von Patient:innen (Alter, Geschlecht, Herkunft) vorhergesagt werden kann, ob diese die Coronastruktur in Anspruch nehmen. Darüber hinaus wurden 15 Experteninterviews zu den Chancen, Risiken und Handlungsempfehlungen geführt. Die Expert:innen bewerteten die Coronastruktur als sinnvolles Konstrukt, das für künftige Pandemien Anwendung finden sollte. Als Chancen aus der COVID-19-Pandemie für den ambulanten Versorgungssektor in Rheinland-Pfalz wurden Aspekte wie die hohe Bedeutung einer wohnortnahen ambulanten Versorgung, das Ambulantisierungspotenzial, die Zusammenarbeit der beteiligten Stakeholdergruppen sowie die Stärke des ambulanten Versorgungssektors und der Hausärzt:innen genannt. Risiken würden sich unter anderem aus der noch ausbaufähigen Digitalisierung, der anfangs nicht ausreichend vorhandenen persönlichen Schutzausrüstung und dem Ärztemangel ergeben. Es wurden Handlungsempfehlungen wie die Trennung von Patientenströmen, die Gewährleistung der finanziellen Sicherheit der Ärzteschaft, das Vorhalten von persönlicher Schutzausrüstung, die Zusammenarbeit der beteiligten Stakeholdergruppen und die Stärkung des ambulanten Sektors genannt. Schlussfolgerung: Die Dissertation hebt den Stellenwert der parallelen Versorgungsstruktur in Rheinland-Pfalz während der COVID-19-Pandemie hervor. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass diese Struktur im Verlauf der Pandemie verstärkt in Anspruch genommen wurde und somit das Ziel der Trennung der Patientenströme erreicht wurde. Die Interviewergebnisse zeigen, dass dadurch aus Sicht der Befragten eine ausreichende Patientenversorgung gewährleistet und vielfältige Chancen für weitere Krisen in dem Konzept liegen könnten. Schlussfolgernd daraus könnte das Konzept der Coronastruktur um die formulierten Handlungsempfehlungen und Erfahrungen ausgeweitet werden und die Grundlage für ein ambulantes Pandemiemanagementkonzept in Rheinland-Pfalz bilden. Die erarbeiteten Handlungsempfehlungen wurden durch den Vorstand der KV RLP bewertet. Diese finden nicht nur Eingang in die Konzeption eines Pandemiemanagements bei der KV RLP, sondern setzen auch Impulse zur weiterführenden Verwendung. So könnten Teile der Erkenntnisse in den Pandemieplan des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz eingearbeitet werden oder Teilergebnisse aufgegriffen und weiter ausgearbeitet werden. Zum Beispiel die Honorierung der Vertragsärzteschaft, die durch eine bundesweite Pandemieziffer, ähnlich der Regelung in Rheinland-Pfalz, in den Einheitlichen Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM) Eingang finden könnte. Folglich kommt der Anerkennung der Medizinischen Fachangestellten (MFA) eine große Bedeutung zu, der ebenfalls durch eine Ziffer zur „Versorgung eines Patient:innen durch einen nicht ärztlichen Mitarbeitenden während einer Pandemie“ im EBM begegnet werden könnte.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as mediações familiares da relação das crianças com as atividades remotas propostas pelas escolas, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Objetivou-se, através de pesquisa exploratória, identificar as percepções das famílias pesquisadas a respeito dessas atividades, os principais desafios enfrentados, as estratégias de mediação adotadas e possíveis aprendizados vivenciados nesse processo. Foram obtidas 207 respostas a um questionário online e realizadas 41 entrevistas com responsáveis por crianças matriculadas do primeiro ao terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, residentes na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Como principais interlocuções teóricas foram utilizados o conceito de mediação, pela perspectiva vygotskiana, estudos sobre o acompanhamento dos deveres de casa pela família e pesquisas recentes sobre acesso a atividades educacionais remotas, oportunizado em grande parte pelas mídias. Foram também considerados dados de pesquisas sobre desigualdades educacionais associadas à oferta de ensino remoto durante a pandemia. Como principais resultados, foi visto que as mediadoras, em sua maioria mães, percebem como as maiores dificuldades assegurar a motivação das crianças para realizar as atividades, ter disponibilidade para acompanhá-las durante sua realização e as limitações pedagógicas enfrentadas na tarefa de explicar a elas os conteúdos curriculares. Enquanto uma forte potencialidade das atividades educacionais remotas, verificouse uma maior proximidade entre as famílias e as crianças, em especial nos assuntos relacionados à escola. As diferentes estratégias adotadas pelas mediadoras, a fim de possibilitar o melhor aproveitamento do ensino remoto pelas crianças, foram consideradas enquanto experiências oportunas para a ampliar a reflexão sobre o papel da escola. / [en] The object of study of this master dissertation were parental mediations of children s relationship with the school remote activities during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine. Through exploratory research, the objective was to identify parents perceptions of such activities, their main challenges, the mediat ion strategies adopted and potential learning experiences. The data comprised 207 responses to a virtual questionnaire and 41 interviews with parents of children enrolled from 1st to 3rd grades of Elementary School, living in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. The main theoretical references included the concept of mediation in the Vygotskian perspective, studies on the monitoring of homework by the family, and recent research on access to remote educational activities allowed by current media. Research data were also considered on educational inequalities associated with the provision of remote education during the pandemic. As its main results, the mediators, mostly mothers, biggest difficulties were: to guarantee children s motivation to carry out the activities, to be available to help them, pointing out their pedagogical limitations to explain curricular contents. The potential of remote education was the greater proximity between family and child, especially in school matters. The different strategies adopted by mediators in children s remote education were considered favorable experiences to reflect on the role of school.

[pt] A pesquisa que fundamenta esta tese teve como objetivo analisar possíveis relações entre letramentos midiáticos de professores e suas práticas pedagógicas no ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) na pandemia de Covid-19. Na ausência de consenso em torno de um modelo conceitual para os letramentos midiáticos, foi construída uma proposta de matriz conceitual para os letramentos midiáticos em diálogo com autores do campo da mídia-educação e dos estudos críticos sobre tecnologia e educação, adotada como lente analítica dos dados produzidos nesta pesquisa. O trabalho de campo contou com duas etapas: a) aplicação de questionário junto a professores de diferentes regiões do país; b) realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores que responderam ao questionário e se dispuseram a participar também dessa etapa. As 259 respostas válidas nos questionários foram submetidas à análise descritiva e de associação através do teste qui-quadrado. As entrevistas realizadas com 32 professores buscaram compreender como eles concebiam os letramentos midiáticos; que habilidades consideravam possuir nessa área e se havia relações entre os letramentos midiáticos e as práticas pedagógicas empregadas no ensino remoto emergencial (ERE). Nas respostas ao questionário, a maioria dos professores que estavam realizando o ERE afirmou ser bastante habilidoso no que diz respeito ao uso de mídias no ensino. Nas entrevistas, os participantes relataram que a experiência do ERE propiciou um maior conhecimento sobre o uso pedagógico das mídias, o que possivelmente favoreceu o sentimento de mais competência nessa área. A análise das entrevistas indicou que a maioria concebe os letramentos midiáticos como uso de mídias com fins instrumentais (como habilidade técnica) e didáticos (para ensino do conteúdo curricular). Foram identificadas preocupações relacionadas à vigilância e controle do trabalho docente e apreensão com a privacidade e com a exposição. As entrevistas indicaram, ainda, que o conhecimento sobre aplicações pedagógicas das mídias foi construído principalmente na troca entre pares. Considerando a experiência com o ERE, propõe-se que políticas de formação voltadas para ampliação dos letramentos midiáticos de professores incluam entendimento crítico sobre o funcionamento dos sistemas midiáticos e seus aspectos sociais, econômicos, culturais, políticos e históricos e sejam estruturadas a partir de redes de professores, com base na troca de saberes. / [en] The research underpin this thesis aimed to analyze possible links between media literacy of teachers and their pedagogical practices in emergency remote education (ERE) during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the absence of consensus around a conceptual model for media literacies, a proposal was built in dialogue with authors in the field of media education and critical studies on technology and education, adopted as an analytical lens of the data produced in this research. The field work consisted of two stages: a) application of a questionnaire with teachers from different regions of the country; b) conducting semi-structured interviews with teachers who answered the questionnaire and agreed to participate in this stage as well. The 259 valid responses were submitted to descriptive and association analysis using the chi-square test. The interviews carried out with 32 teachers sought to understand how they conceived media literacy; what skills they considered to have in this area and whether there were links between media literacy and the pedagogical practices employed in emergency remote education (ERE). In the responses to the questionnaire, most teachers who were taking the ERE stated that they were quite skilled with regard to the use of media in teaching. In the interviews, the participants reported that the ERE experience provided them with greater knowledge about the pedagogical use of the media, which possibly favored the feeling of more competence in this area. The analysis of the interviews indicated that most of them conceive media literacy as the use of media for instrumental purposes (such as technical skills) and didactic purposes (for teaching curriculum content). Concerns related to surveillance and control of teaching work and concerns about privacy and public exposure were identified. The interviews also indicated that knowledge about pedagogical applications of the media was mainly built on exchanges between peers. Considering the experience with the ERE, it is proposed that training policies aimed at expanding the media literacy of teachers include a critical understanding of the functioning of media systems and their social, economic, cultural, political and historical aspects. This action shall be structured out of teachers networks, based on the exchange of knowledge.

[pt] A presente dissertação Da rua à quarentena: um estudo sobre trabalho sexual de pessoas transexuais no contexto da pandemia da covid-19 tem como objetivo principal analisar o aumento das violências sofridas por pessoas transexuais trabalhadoras do sexo no contexto da pandemia da covid-19. Vislumbrando compreender as condições de trabalho vivenciadas pelas pessoas transexuais e os tipos de violência as quais foram acometidas nesse período de pandemia, principalmente nos meses de recomendação de lockdown, fizemos um recorte temporal compreendido entre 2020 e 2021. Com uma leitura feminista, decolonial e crítica, buscamos na pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, dados para uma maior compreensão da realidade vivenciada por pessoas transexuais trabalhadoras do sexo. Como procedimento metodológico, analisamos os dossiês anuais elaborados pela Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais (ANTRA) intitulados “Assassinatos e Violências contra as Pessoas Trans” dos últimos 2 (dois) anos, ou seja, anos de 2020 e 2021. Compreendemos que a análise desse material trouxe dados comparativos para a observação do aumento das violências sofridas por pessoas transexuais no período da pandemia, principalmente entre as trabalhadoras do sexo. A escolha pelos dossiês se deu pela dificuldade de localizarmos dados sobre a população trans, o que revela o quanto essa população não é reconhecida, bem como demonstrou as subnotificações de dados sobre essa população. A pesquisa evidenciou que o aumento da violência sofrida pela população transexual no período da pandemia, principalmente entre as trabalhadoras do sexo, expõe uma relação de condição laboral de extrema precarização, informalidade e desemprego, onde o mundo do trabalho determina quais trabalhadoras exercerão trabalhos formais, informais, precários e as que não terão possibilidade de vender sua força de trabalho. / [en] This dissertation From the street to the quarantine: a study on sex work by transgender people in the context of the covid-19 pandemic has as main objective to analyze he increase in violence suffered by transsexual sex workers in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. Aiming to understand the working conditions experienced by transsexuals and the types of violence they were subjected to during the pandemic period, especially during the months when lockdown was recommended, we used a timeframe between 2020 and 2021. With a feminist, decolonial, and critical reading, we sought data from documentary and bibliographical research for a better understanding of the reality experienced by transsexual sex workers. As a methodological procedure, we analyzed the annual dossiers prepared by the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals (ANTRA) entitled Murders and Violence against Trans People from the last 2 (two) years, that is, the years 2020 and 2021. We understand that the of material brought comparative data for the observation of the increase in violence suffered by transsexual people in the period of the pandemic, especially among sex workers. The choice for the Dossiers was due to the difficulty in locating data about the trans population, which reveals how much this population is denied and invisibilized, as well as demonstrated the underreporting of data about this population. The research showed that the increase in violence suffered by the transgender population in the pandemic period, especially among sex workers, exposes a relationship of labor condition of extreme precariousness, informality and unemployment where the world of work determines which workers will exercise formal, informal, precarious jobs and those who will not have the possibility of selling their labor force.

Problem: In this study, tour operators' perceptions of market changes linked to the pandemic have been investigated. Based on their perceptions, the most effective competition strategies have been described both before and after the pandemic. Aim: The study's intention was to gain an understanding of how Swedish tour operators experience changes in the tourism industry linked to Covid-19 and what competition strategies the companies use before and plan to use after the pandemic. Method: The study uses a qualitative research strategy with an inductive approach and grounded theory as a method. The collected data material has been analyzed mainly by in-depth interviews which were then transcribed and coded from Glaser’s point of view, containing open, selective, and theoretical phase. This resulted in two core categories that expressed the study's main problems: competition strategies and the tourism industry and competition in Sweden. Conclusion: The study results have shown that the most effective competition strategies according to Swedish tour operators are customer orientation, vertical integration, and digitalization. Regarding perceptions of market changes, respondents believe that there have been no major changes in the tour operator market, but the pandemic has affected the tourism industry and competition in general, where market demand and competition between other industries have changed. In addition, the competition strategies used by companies before the pandemic were effective and provide competitive advantages, which results in that these strategies will be largely unchanged after the pandemic. / Problemställning: I denna studie har researrangörernas uppfattningar om marknadsförändringar kopplade till pandemin undersökts. Baserat på deras uppfattningar har de mest effektiva konkurrensstrategierna beskrivits både före och efter pandemin. Syfte: Studiens avsikt var att få förståelse över hur svenska researrangörer upplever förändringar i turistbranschen kopplade till Covid-19 samt vilka konkurrensstrategier företagen använder sig av innan och planerar att använda efter pandemin. Metod: I studien används en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med induktiv ansats samt grundad teori som metod. Det insamlade datamaterial har analyserats främst med hjälp av djupintervjuer som sedan transkriberades och kodades utifrån Glasers syn, innehållande den öppna, selektiva och teoretiska fasen. Detta resulterade i två kärnkategorier som uttryckte studiens huvudproblematiken: konkurrensstrategier och turistbranschen och konkurrensen i Sverige. Slutsats: Studien resultat har visat att de mest effektiva konkurrensstrategierna enligt svenska researrangörer är kundorientering, vertikal integration och digitalisering. När det gäller uppfattningar om marknadsförändringar anser respondenterna att det inte har skett några större förändringar på researrangörsmarknaden, men pandemin har påverkat turistindustrin och konkurrensen i allmänhet, där marknadens efterfrågan och konkurrens mellan andra industrier har förändrats. Dessutom ansågs de konkurrensstrategier som företag använde före pandemin vara effektiva och ge konkurrensfördelar, vilket resulterar i att dessa strategier kommer i stort sett att vara oförändrade efter pandemin.

Remote work was already an ongoing trend amongst software developers, but the sudden and unexpected occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic made it normal due to the obligations for many people to stay and work from home.  To go from the safeness of the work office with an always-working Internet connection and colleagues around to exchange ideas with, to working from home can be a big change from one day to another. Without a good structure or adjustment from the organization, this would lead to a decrease in good work results, communication issues and difficulty for managers to keep track of what is done and by whom. To facilitate this, commonly used methods are the Agile Methodologies. Beck et al. (2001) make it significant in the 12 principles of Agile that the most efficient and effective method of conveying information is by face-to-face conversation for the best results. Investigating the work that was done face-to-face previous to the pandemic but is now done remotely from home within agile teams is therefore of much relevance today. This thesis was intended to investigate and learn how the use of agile methodologies has facilitated the sudden transition to remote work from home and affected the aspects of communication and work results within an agile development team. The study was conducted using the qualitative method with interviews consisting of seven open-response and two closed-response questions with respondents in agile teams from a software development company in Sweden. The analysis was made thematically in relation to Bridge’s Transition Model, and in relation to previous research. The study identified three themes to answer the research question based on the theoretical framework; The Change, Communication and Work Results. The results of the study show that the use of Agile Methodologies indeed has simplified the sudden transition to remote work from home, which was called The Change, as many of the agile practices already were done online previous to the pandemic. The study has also concluded that the use of Agile Methodologies has positively affected the aspects of communication and work results in an agile team, as it was found that forms of communication became more creative as they occurred more frequently while working from home, and it ultimately led to more valuable end-results. / Distansarbete var redan en pågående trend bland mjukvaruutvecklare, men den plötsliga och oväntade förekomsten av COVID-19-pandemin gjorde det normalt på grund av restriktionerna för många människor att arbeta hemifrån. Att gå från arbetskontorets säkerhet med en alltid fungerande internetuppkoppling och kollegor runt om för att diskutera idéer med, till att arbeta hemifrån kan vara en stor förändring från en dag till en annan. Utan en bra struktur eller anpassning från organisationen skulle detta leda till en minskning av goda arbetsresultat, dålig kommunikation och svårigheter för chefer att hålla reda på vad som görs och av vem. Vanliga metoder att använda för att underlätta detta är de agila metoderna. Beck et al. (2001) gör det tydligt i de 12 principerna för Agile att den mest effektiva metoden för att förmedla information i ett projekt är genom konversationer face to face, för bästa resultat. Att undersöka det arbete som innan pandemin gjordes face to face men nu görs på distans hemifrån inom agila team är därför av stor relevans idag. Denna studie var avsedd att undersöka och få kunskap om hur användningen av agila metoder har underlättat den plötsliga övergången till distansarbete hemifrån och påverkat aspekterna av kommunikation och arbetsresultat inom ett agilt utvecklingsteam. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av den kvalitativa metoden med intervjuer bestående av sju öppna frågor och två slutna svarfrågor med respondenter i agila team från ett mjukvaruutvecklingsföretag i Sverige. Analysen gjordes tematiskt i förhållande till Bridge’s Transition Model och i förhållande till tidigare forskning. Studien identifierade tre teman för att besvara forskningsfrågan utifrån det teoretiska ramverket; The Change, Communication och Work Results. Resultaten av studien visar att användningen av agila metoder har förenklat den plötsliga övergången till distansarbete hemifrån, eftersom många av de agila aktiviteterna redan gjordes online före pandemin. Studien har också dragit slutsatsen att användningen av agila metoder har påverkat aspekterna kommunikation och arbetsresultat positivt i ett agilt team, eftersom det visade sig att kommunikationsformer blev mer kreativa eftersom kommunikationen blev mer frekvent inträffande när de arbetade hemifrån, och det ledde slutligen till mer värdefulla slutresultat i projekt.

Vården av psykisk ohälsa får i regel mindre resurser än den somatiska vården världen över, och den globala covid-19-pandemin har lett till både störningar av psykiatrisk vård och ökad psykisk ohälsa i befolkningen. Denna studie undersöker vilka effekter coronapandemin haft på vården av psykiskt sjuka i fyra länder. Genom kvalitativ tematisk analys av en enkätundersökning på personer som arbetar med vård av psykisk ohälsa (n=41) i Bolivia, Colombia, Etiopien och Japan fann denna studie att pandemins påverkan på den psykiska vården varit omfattande, med ökade symtom hos befintliga patienter och fler med psykiska problem, men att vårdepersonal varit flexibel och gjort vad de kunnat för att möta befolkningens ökade behov av psykisk vård med adekvata insatser trots nya begränsningar i vårdarbetet och minskade resurser. Undersökningen fann också att vårdpersonalen själva fått anpassa sitt privatliv i den pandemiska situationen. / Throughout the world the mental health care is given fewer resources than somatic care, and the global covid-19 pandemic has resulted in both disturbances of psychiatric care and increased mental problems in the population. This survey investigated the impact of the pandemic on mental health care in four countries. Through qualitative thematic analysis of the statements from people working in mental health care (n=41) in Bolivia, Colombia, Ethiopia and Japan this study found the effects of the pandemic to be extensive, with increased symptoms of psychological suffering in existing patients and an increased flow of new patients. Its was also found that mental health staff have tried to handle the increasing need for care with flexibility and appropriate interventions, to make up for diminished resources and increased complications in their work. It was also found that the pandemic had demanded adaptations to the situation for mental health workers in their private lives.

Covid-19 har varit en världsomfattande pandemi som påverkat befolkningen på flera plan. UNICEF varnar nu för de långsiktiga konsekvenser som barn och ungas välbefinnande utsätts för och menar att det kan komma skapa en förlorad covid- generation. Faktorer som påverkar individer och bevisats vara betydelsefulla för en god hälsa är fysisk aktivitet och social gemenskap. Att få röra på sig samt finna en social gemenskap möjliggörs bland annat i föreningsidrotten, varpå deltagandet anses vara ytterst betydelsefullt för hälsan. Därutöver anses deltagande i föreningsverksamhet vara en förutsättning för undervisning och lärande. Med grund i detta och utifrån pandemins effekter, var syftet med studien att belysa hur föreningsledare beskriver att de utvecklat sitt pedagogiska ledarskap för att främja lärande och hälsa för barn och unga under covid-19-pandemin, samt att utforska vad som har motiverat föreningsledare till att vidmakthålla träning för barn och unga. Sociokulturellt lärande och KASAM utgjorde studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt. Datamaterialet erhölls via 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer med föreningsledare inom olika idrotter, vilka sedan analyserades utifrån en konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet påvisade att föreningsledarnas pedagogiska ledarskap hade utvecklats i form av att vara mer flexibelt och kommunikativt, vilket möjliggjorde förutsättningar att fortsätta bedriva träning och lärande under covid-19-pandemin. Därtill visade det sig att bibehållandet av idrottsutövarnas hälsa samt fortsatt föreningsutveckling var betydelsefulla motivationsfaktorer för föreningsledarnas vidmakthållande av föreningsidrotten. Slutligen skulle det utifrån studiens resultat i relation till tidigare forskning kunna förmodas att föreningsledarnas utvecklade pedagogiska ledarskap genererat goda lärandemiljöer, vilket vidare främjat idrottsutövarnas fysiska, psykiska och sociala hälsa. / Covid-19 has been a worldwide pandemic which has affected the population on several levels. UNICEF is now warning of the long-term consequences for children and young people’s well-being and believes that it could create a lost Covid generation. Factors that affect individuals and have proven to be important for good health are physical activity and social community. Being active in a physical and social community is made possible by club sports, whereupon participation is extremely important for health. In addition, participation in community sports is considered a prerequisite for teaching and learning. Based on this, and on the effects of the pandemic, the purpose of the study was to shed light on how sports coaches describe how they developed their pedagogical leadership to promote learning and health for children and young people during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as exploring what has motivated sports coaches to maintain training for children and youths. The theories applied in the study were socio-cultural learning and SOC. The data material was obtained via 11 semi-structured interviews with coaches in various sports, which were then analyzed based on a conventional qualitative content analysis. The results showed that the sports coaches’ pedagogical leadership had developed in the shape of being more flexible and communicative, which enabled conditions for continuing to conduct training and learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, it turned out that the maintenance of the athlete’s health and continued association development were important motivational factors for the sports coaches maintenance of community sports. Finally, based on the results of the study in relation to previous research, it could be assumed that the sports coaches developed pedagogical leadership generated good learning environments, which further promoted the athletes’ physical, mental, and social health.

Title: Impact of covid 19 Pandemic situation on customers purchasing Behavior: Adoption of online services platforms. Level: Final assignment for Master degree in Business Administration (MBA) Authors: Sheratun Jannat and Sajjad Aslam Toor Supervisor: Dr. Olivia Kang Examiner: Professor Akmal Hyder Date: 2021- January  Aim: The study aims to find the factors that impact consumer purchasing behavior on the Covid-19 pandemic and adaptation of online services platform. Methodology: A qualitative study was applied with the semi-structured online interview conducted with nine respondents from Stockholm and Gävle of Sweden. The collected primary data were transcribed, compared, and thematically analyzed with the literature reviews.  Findings and Conclusion: We conclude that Covid-19 impacts consumer purchase behavior. Besides, consumers adopted online services to purchase different items as per their needs. We have also found that various factors impact consumer online purchase behavior. Furthermore, trustworthiness and transparency is the essential factor that has implications on consumer online purchase behavior.  Contributions of the Thesis: This study suggests that online purchase behavior during Covid-19 significantly impacts the consumer. Besides, consumers face various impacts on online purchase such as product, price and quality, personality and characteristics, psychological, cultural and social, and trustworthiness and transparency. It is recommended for the managers to determine the impacts and develop strategies to maintain online business effectively.  Suggestion for future research: We suggest future research on a similar topic using a larger sample size. We also recommend a comparative study with two or more countries on a similar case to determine the differences and results. Focusing on different issues or services with a larger audience might be done for future research. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, Consumer purchase behavior, Online purchase behavior, Adoption of online service platform, and Factors impacting online purchase behavior.