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71	對搗亂行為處理效果的後設分析：以單一受試研究為主 / Effects of Treatment on Disruptive Behaviors:A Quantitative Synthesis of Single-Subject Researches 陳秋雯, Chen, Chiou-Wen Unknown Date (has links) 本研究使用PND和PEM對106篇單一受試研究進行後設分析，藉以了解實驗處理對於搗亂行為的影響效果。當研究者以原作者對於實驗處理效果的判斷作為效標時，使用PEM進行後設分析的效度是可以被接受的。本研究並分析實驗處理、研究特徵和受試者特徵與處理效果的關係，獲得下列研究結果：1.不同的實驗處理對降低搗亂行為有不同影響效果；2.研究設計、治療者身分、實驗情境、性別、受試者症狀特徵、搗亂行為種類對實驗處理效果有顯著影響。本研究建議學校人員接受有關於矯正搗亂行為的行為改變技術訓練是必要的，教師如能在教室活動中發展合適的課程和教導學生適當的溝通反應將有助於降低搗亂行為。 / A meta-analysis of 106 single-subject studies was conducted utilizing the PND and PEM approaches to investigate treatment effectiveness in reducing disruptive behavior. The validity of the PEM approach was acceptable based on original authors’ judgments of treatment effect. Variables were analyzed for covariation between treatment effectiveness and interventions, study characteristics, and subject characteristics. The following results were obtained: (a) interventions had significant influence on treatment effectiveness; (b) study design, intervenor, setting, sex, diagnosis, and target behaviors showed systematic relation to treatment outcomes. Suggestions are made that it is necessary for staff in schools to receive adequate training in treating disruptive behavior with the use of behavior modification techniques, and it is potentially useful for the reduction of disruptive behavior if teachers develop suitable curriculum and teach appropriate communicative responses in classroom activities. 單一受試研究搗亂行為未重疊資料百分率超過基線中點資料百分率 meta-analysis single-subject study disruptive behavior PND (Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data)
72	A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention: Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships / A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention : Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships Kneip, Katharina January 2020 (has links) Children growing up in poor areas with high crime rates are shown to easily get involved in violent actions and criminal gangs. In South Africa, despite considerable efforts to reduce youth delinquency, youth crime rates are still disturbingly high – specifically, in the townships of the Cape Flats. This paper points out an important aspect previously unaddressed by most youth crime prevention: the subconscious roots of youth crime. What if we could develop youth crime prevention programs that manage to impact the subconscious behavioral patterns of youth in high crime areas? This paper proposes a promising and cost-effective approach that has great potential to affect multipe causes of crime: mindfulness meditation. Built upon newest findings in Neuroscience, this paper suggests that mindfulness meditation classes are associated with a reduction in aggressive behavior, a risk factor for youth crime, and an increase in self-efficacy, a protective factor. The impact of mindfulness classes at a high school in Khayelitsha, a poor and violent-stricken township of Cape Town, is analyzed. Self-reported aggression and self-efficacy are measured via a psychometric survey questionnaire created from two well-tested and validated scales. Regression analyses of 384 survey answers provided mixed results. Whilst novice meditators were not associated with higher self-efficacy and lower aggression, long-term meditators performed better in several dimensions of self-efficacy and aggression, yet no significant relationship was found. Further research specifically needs to investigate the moderating effect of age (a proxy for psychological development) on meditation. This study aims to bridge the gap between the outdated paradigms of youth crime prevention and ancient wisdom via ground-breaking new evidence from the field of Neuroscience. This study furthermore hopes to point policy makers toward developing new, integrative and sustainable approaches to youth crime prevention – approaches that give back agency to our youth. / <p>Anders Westholm har inget med betygssättningen att göra annat än i rent formellt hänseende (examinator). Det är han som rapporterar in och skriver under men i sak är det seminarieledaren som har beslutet i sin hand. Statsvetenskapliga institutet har som princip att skilja på handledning och examination vilket innebär att handledaren inte får vara seminarieledare. Seminarieledare och personen som satt betygget var i det här fallet Sven Oskarsson: Sven.Oskarsson@statsvet.uu.se</p> Juvenile delinquency youth aggression crime youth crime prevention cost-effective crime prevention crime rates psychometric survey questionnaire psychological scales aggression scale self-efficacy scale regression analysis quantitative study empowerment youth agency youth development development sustainable approach self-development Psychology Social Psychology abuse trauma risk factors protective factors townships poor area violent area Khayelitsha Guguletu Mitchell's Plain Ghetto Africa South Africa Cape Town Cape Flats school mindfulness meditation mindfulness meditation Kabat-Zinn future resilience subconsciousness subconscious brain emotional brain decision making aggression disruptive behavior self-efficacy self-esteem self-regulation emotional regulation subconsciousness subconscious behavioral patterns Neuroscience Political Science Development Studies Peace and Conflict Uppsala Jugendgewalt Jugendkriminalität Jugendaggression Aggressionsbewältigung Gewalt Verbrechensrate Gewaltrate Jugendgewaltprävention Gewaltprävention Survey-Studie Umfrage psychologische Skalen Aggressionsskala Selbstwirksamkeitsskala Regressionsanalyse Quantitative Studie Handlungsfähigkeit Jugend nachhaltig Entwicklungsarbeit Entwicklung Selbstentwicklung Psychologie Sozialpsychologie Missbrauch Trauma Risikofaktor Schutzfaktor Townships Armenviertel Konfliktgebiet Ghetto Cape Town Cape Flats Khayelitsha Südafrika Afrika Schule Primarschule weiterführende Schule Achtsamkeit Meditation Mindfulness Meditation Kabat-Zinn Zukunft Resilienz Aggression Selbstvertrauen Selbstwirksamkeit Selbstbewusstsein Selstregulierung Emotionsregulierung unbewusste Verhaltensmuster Unterbewusstsein Neurowissenschaft Politikwissenschaft Entwicklungsstudien Friedensforschung Uppsala Ungdomskriminalitet brottslighet förebyggande av brott enkätundersökning psykologiska skalor aggressionsskala egeneffektivitetsskala regression kvantitativ ungdomsutveckling utveckling självutveckling psykologi socialpsykologi övergrepp trauma riskfaktorer skyddsfaktorer townships fattiga område kriminellt område Khayelitsha Afrika Sydafrika Kapstaden skola mindfulness meditation mindfulness meditation Kabat-Zinn framtid motståndskraft aggression störande beteende självförmåga självkänsla självreglering emotionell reglering neurovetenskap statsvetenskap utvecklingsstudier fred och konfliktstudier Uppsala Globalisation Studies Globaliseringsstudier

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對搗亂行為處理效果的後設分析：以單一受試研究為主 / Effects of Treatment on Disruptive Behaviors:A Quantitative Synthesis of Single-Subject Researches

A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention: Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships / A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention : Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships