Aujourd'hui, dans l'Église Catholique Romaine, des nouvelles formes de communautés « associatives » émergent et posent un certain nombre de questions au regard du droit canonique de l’Église. L'une d'entre elles concerne les personnes qui font le choix du célibat pour vivre un état de « vie consacrée » dans ces nouvelles formes de vie associative. Au-delà des structures et des critères organiques de vie consacrée qui asphyxient bien souvent toute réflexion sur la consécration, quels sont les critères qui, in utroque iure, permettraient la reconnaissance d’un tel état de vie ? En droit public français, ces nouvelles formes de vie consacrée au sein de l'Église Catholique interrogent aussi : certaines de ces nouvelles formes acquièrent un statut d’association publique internationale en droit canonique, et demandent, par exemple, leur reconnaissance légale comme « congrégation religieuse » (notamment, quant à la sécurité sociale, au droit du travail, et d’autres encore) avec le statut congréganiste. Ce sont ces critères essentiels pour ces mouvements que notre étude se propose de préciser, comme la profession des conseils évangéliques, les liens sacrés, la stabilité, une vie fraternelle, une soumission à une règle de vie approuvée : afin que l’état de vie consacrée soit plus manifeste dans ces mouvements qui attendent, pour une part, une certaine reconnaissance de la part de l’Église, sans compter les contentieux, relativement nombreux, relatifs notamment aux régimes de sécurité sociale et de retraites, devant les juridictions étatiques. / Today in the Roman Catholic Church new forms of “associative” communities are emerging and posing a certain number of questions in regard to Canon Law. One of the questions concerns those who choose to live a celibate state of "consecrated life" in these new forms of community life within the Church. Beyond the structures and organic criteria of consecrated life, which sometimes in itself can frustrate any serious reflection, what are the criteria in utroque iure, that would allow for the recognition of such a state of life in Canon law? New forms of consecrated life in the Catholic Church can also question French law. Some of these new forms acquire the status of an international public association in Canon law, and ask, for example, for legal recognition as a “religious congregation", in French law. Questions than arise on matters such as social security, labor law, and other issues within this legal congregational status. These are the essential canonical and French legal criteria for these movements that our study is to clarify. How can the profession of the evangelical counsels, the sacred bonds, stability, fraternal life, and submission to an approved rule of life, all canonical requirements be fulfilled, while also satisfying French legal requirements, such as social security, pension schemes and litigation activity, in the new forms of “associative communities?”

La scène socio-politique du Pérou contemporain est de plus en plus marquée par la présence et la forte activité des représentants de peuples indigènes d’Amazonie, et en particulier les Awajún du Haut Marañón qui se sont révélés être des acteurs politiques de premier plan. Si, aujourd’hui, c’est un fait connu que les anciens guerriers « réducteurs de têtes » sont devenus de fameux politiciens indigènes, maîtres de la parole et dans l’art de la diplomatie, reste à saisir la façon dont ce passage a été possible, perçu et pensé par les Awajún eux-mêmes. Afin de comprendre la relation établie entre la « pensée indigène » et la question du « politique », entre la construction de l’individu et la formation des « dirigeants politiques », on retrace ici les premières étapes de l’histoire « moderne » du Haut Marañón. Adoptant une perspective pluridisciplinaire, associant observation ethnographique et études politiques, cette recherche s’appuie avant tout sur les récits et discours d’anciens leaders indigènes, protagonistes des événements qui ont conduit à la fondation des premières organisations ethno-politiques awajún. Les récits mythiques, les souvenirs, les récits de guerre et les formes narratives acquises à l’extérieur se mêlent pour constituer les axes discursifs de la reconstruction de l’histoire qui, entre 1920 et 1980, a conduit à la consolidation de deux nouvelles figures centrales de la vie politique indigène actuelle : le professeur bilingue et le « dirigeant politique ». En réalisant un voyage dans le temps, mobilisant faits historiques et expériences visionnaires, on cherchera à comprendre comment les anciens leaders réorganisent leurs expériences, quelle conception du « pouvoir » transmettent-ils et, finalement, de quelle façon se représentent-ils eux-mêmes comme les « hommes forts » des temps modernes. / The socio-political scenario of contemporary Peru is more and more characterized by the presence and activism of indigenous people representatives. In particular, the Awajún of Alto Marañón emerged as leading political actors. Although today is evident that the ancient “head- shrinkers" warriors have become famous indigenous politicians, masters in the art of diplomatic talk, it is still unknown how the Awajún conceived and perceived this transition. In order understand the relationships between the "indigenous thought" and the question of "politics", the construction of "individuals” and the formation of "political leaders", we show the first stages of the "modern" history of the Alto Marañón. We adopt a multi-disciplinary approach bringing together ethnographic observation and political studies. The ancient indigenous leaders have been key players of the events that led to the foundation of newborn Awajún ethno-political organizations. Their narratives and discourses are the core of this work. The myths, memories, war stories, and non-traditional narrative forms come together and compose the discourse axis for the historical reconstruction that, between 1920 and 1980, resulted in the establishment of two novel fundamental figures of the actual indigenous political life: the bilingual professor and the “political leader”. Through a journey in time, which draws both from historical and visionary experiences, we will try to understand how the ancient leaders are currently re-organizing their experiences, which conceptions of "power" are they transmitting and, ultimately, how they represent themselves as the "strong men" of modern times.

Although the North Bohemian region is mainly associated with the industrial rise of the second half of the nineteenth century, which altered the local scenery and cities irreversibly, there were also far more traditional constructions being built around 1900, such churches. Between their solid-state and period concept is blended the influence of the authentic architectural progression, individual impress of architects, furthermore liturgical requirements of particular beliefs and concrete visions of owner-builders. Back then the ideal image of a church was seen as the root of discussion and polemic when many theoretical texts and building regulations were originated. The submitted work observes mainly the use of modern architectonic components following authentically traditional church architecture type. It is done pre-eminently, based on written theory and architectural practices confrontation. The given discussion I pursue with Catholics, Old-Catholics and mainly with Evangelical Confessions, whose base of theoretical text is the widest and newly build churches the most numerous. The subject given is closely related to national questions, situation and purpose of the German inhabitants resided in the territory of North Bohemia. As well as to fundamental influences that were coming here from neighboring...

French text / La Mission Évangélique de la Délivrance (M.E.D) est dans une ville où le VIH/SIDA fait rage. Ceci crée un problème social dû à la transmission par manque d’information sur cette maladie meurtrière. L’échantillon utilisé confirme l’idée selon laquelle la M.E.D contribue à la prévention de la transmission du VIH/SIDA et même cette lutte avec ses paroisses à travers les activités organisées concernant cette pandémie. Cependant, le besoin est d’étendre cette lutte dans les églises des autres communautés proches et lointaines dans la ville de Kinshasa. La MED intensifie son action pour convaincre les gens ayant une conception archaïque sur la pandémie. Elle veut bannir les mythes qui l’entourent et donner les conseils précis sur la pratique sexuelle responsable. La MED amène les gens à se faire examiner pour connaître leur état sérologique. Elle encourage les atteints à vivre positivement et à collaborer sans gêne. / The Mission Evangélique de la Délivrance is in a city where the HIV/AIDS makes rage. It creates a social problem due to the transmission for lack of information on this murderous illness. The used sample confirms the idea according to which the MED contributes to the prevention of the transmission of HIV/AIDS and even this struggle with her parishes through activities organized concerning this pandemic. However, the need is to spread this struggle in other near and far away community churches in Kinshasa. The MED intensifies her action to convince people having an archaic conception on the pandemic. She wants to outlaw myths that surround it and to give the precise advices on the responsible sexual practice. The MED brings people to make examine themselves to know their serological state. She encourages those who are reached by the illness to live positively and to collaborate without hindrance. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

French text / La Mission Évangélique de la Délivrance (M.E.D) est dans une ville où le VIH/SIDA fait rage. Ceci crée un problème social dû à la transmission par manque d’information sur cette maladie meurtrière. L’échantillon utilisé confirme l’idée selon laquelle la M.E.D contribue à la prévention de la transmission du VIH/SIDA et même cette lutte avec ses paroisses à travers les activités organisées concernant cette pandémie. Cependant, le besoin est d’étendre cette lutte dans les églises des autres communautés proches et lointaines dans la ville de Kinshasa. La MED intensifie son action pour convaincre les gens ayant une conception archaïque sur la pandémie. Elle veut bannir les mythes qui l’entourent et donner les conseils précis sur la pratique sexuelle responsable. La MED amène les gens à se faire examiner pour connaître leur état sérologique. Elle encourage les atteints à vivre positivement et à collaborer sans gêne. / The Mission Evangélique de la Délivrance is in a city where the HIV/AIDS makes rage. It creates a social problem due to the transmission for lack of information on this murderous illness. The used sample confirms the idea according to which the MED contributes to the prevention of the transmission of HIV/AIDS and even this struggle with her parishes through activities organized concerning this pandemic. However, the need is to spread this struggle in other near and far away community churches in Kinshasa. The MED intensifies her action to convince people having an archaic conception on the pandemic. She wants to outlaw myths that surround it and to give the precise advices on the responsible sexual practice. The MED brings people to make examine themselves to know their serological state. She encourages those who are reached by the illness to live positively and to collaborate without hindrance. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta tese de doutorado é uma análise da formação do Sínodo Evangélico Luterano Unido (SELU), em 1962, a partir da fusão da Igreja Luterana no Brasil (1905) e do Sínodo Evangélico de Santa Catarina e Paraná (1911), mormente chamados de sínodos. As trajetórias dessas duas instituições foram marcadas em boa medida pelo combate mútuo, sendo que as origens destes conflitos estão em divergências comunitárias preexistentes bem como em diferenças teológicas e confessionais que remetem às histórias das instituições de procedência de pastores e membros que integram os dois sínodos. Os nacionalismos do final do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX determinaram a história dos sínodos. Principalmente com o desfecho da Segunda Guerra Mundial, o ideal de edificar a Igreja a partir de uma matriz étnica se revelou inválido, levando os sínodos à continuidade do diálogo iniciado sob a germanidade, mas com um discurso novo, marcado por uma reorientação teológica. Esta nova ordem ganhou expressão formal com a constituição da Federação Sinodal (FS)/Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB), em 1949. Do compromisso com a nova ordem estabelecida decorreu a necessidade de reestruturação dos dois sínodos, que haviam experimentado um desenvolvimento paralelo, embora coexistindo num mesmo território. A constituição do SELU é um marco fundamental na consolidação da IECLB como uma igreja de Jesus Cristo no Brasil. / This doctoral dissertation is an analysis of the formation of the Sínodo Evangélico Luterano Unido (SELU) [United Lutheran Evangelical Synod], in 1962, stemming from the fusion of the Lutheran Church in Brazil (1905) and the Evangelical Synod of Santa Catarina and Paraná (1911), normally called synods. The trajectories of these two institutions were marked in good measure by mutual combat, being that the origins of these conflicts are in the pre-existing congregational divergences as well as in theological and confessional differences which remit back to the history of the institutions as to the origins of the pastors and members who make up the two synods. The nationalisms of the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century determined the history of the synods. Mainly with the result of the Second World War, the ideal of edifying the Church based on an ethnic matrix was revealed as invalid, leading the synods to continue the dialog that had begun under their condition of Germanity, however now with a new discourse, marked by a theological reorientation. This new order gained formal expression with the constitution of the Federação Sinodal (FS) [Synod Federation]/ Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) [Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil], in 1949. From the commitment with the new established order there arose the need for restructuring the two synods, which had experienced a parallel development even though co-existing in the same territory. The constitution of the SELU is a fundamental marking point in the consolidation of the IECLB as a church of Jesus Christ in Brazil.

Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen theologischer Ausbildung und missionarischer Herausforderung im deutschsprachigen Europa. Dabei steht die Forschungsfrage im Zentrum, was der sich verändernde Kontext und die damit verbundene missionarische Herausforderung der Kirche für eine Reform der theologischen Ausbildung bedeuten. Zu dieser Fragestellung werden aus ökumenischer und evangelikaler Perspektive Stimmen laut, welche eine Reform hin zu einer missionalen theologischen Ausbildung fordern, welche somit in Wesen und Funktion von der Missio Dei her zu verstehen sei. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, was eine solche Forderung bedeuten könnte und welche grundsätzlichen Implikationen sich für die theologische Ausbildung ergeben. In einem ersten Teil werden ökumenische, evangelische und evangelikale Impulse zur Reform der theologischen Ausbildung und dem Zusammenhang der missionarischen Herausforderung dargestellt, theoretische Sensibilität und Kernkategorien für die empirische Untersuchung entwickelt. Im Hauptteil der Forschungsarbeit wird die obige Fragestellung mittels einer qualitativ-empirischen Untersuchung unter Leitern von evangelikalen theologischen Ausbildungstätten im deutschsprachigen Europa untersucht. Mit halbstandardisierten Experten-Interviews werden nach Grounded Theory und mittels Typologienbildung vier Handlungsmuster als mögliche Reaktionen theologischer Ausbildungsverantwortlicher dargestellt. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung unter Einbezug der Literatur evaluiert und eine missionswissenschaftliche Auswertung hinsichtlich der Theologie, der Lerntheorie und der Kompetenzorientierung einer missionalen theologischen Ausbildung vorgenommen. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit leistet somit einen dreifachen Beitrag. Erstens stellt sie ökumenische, evangelische und evangelikale Beiträge und empirisch erarbeitete Handlungsmuster zum Thema Reform theologischer Ausbildung im Hinblick auf die missionarische Herausforderung dar. Zweitens bietet sie aus missionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive einen Diskussionbeitrag zu einer möglichen Reform theologischer Ausbildung. Drittens werden konkrete Impulse zu Theologie, Lerntheorie und Kompetenzorientierung einer missionalen theologischen Ausbildung für den deutschsprachigen Kontext erarbeitet / This dissertation examines the relationship between theological education and missionary challenges in German-speaking Europe. The central research question is what the changing context and related missionary challenges of the church signify for a reform of theological training. Voices from an ecumenical and evangelical perspective are demanding a reform of theological education towards a missional approach, an approach defined in its identity as well as its function from the Missio Dei. The following study pursues the question as to what such demands entail and what implications follow for theological education in general. The first part presents the ecumenical, evangelical and evangelic impulse towards a reform of theological education and a link with missionary challenges; theoretic sensibilities and key categories are developed for the empirical examination. The main section of the study examines the abovementioned question through a qualitative-empirical study of the leadership of evangelical theological educational establishments in German-speaking Europe. With the help of half-standardised interviews of experts, four action samples were presented as possible reactions, according to grounded theory and by means of typology development. Finally, the results of the empirical examination were evaluated in the light of the literature and a missional-empirical evaluation was made regarding the theology, the learning theory and the competence orientation of a missional-theological education. This dissertation thus makes a threefold contribution. Firstly, it constitutes ecumenical, evangelical and evangelic contributions and an empirically developed plan of action on the theme of the reform of theological education in light of missionary challenges. Secondly, it offers a contribution from a missional- empirical perspective to the discussion of a possible reform of theological education. Thirdly, it develops a concrete impetus towards the theology, learning theory and competence orientation of a missional theological education in the German-speaking context / Practical Theology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Text in German, summaries in English and German / Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit den Erfahrungen, die Senioren im Alter von 60plus in einem evangelischen Kindergarten im niedersächsischen Apen in der Zusammenarbeit mit Kindern machen, wenn sie ihre Ressourcen an Wissen und Zeit ehrenamtlich einbringen. Das Engagement der Senioren in der Generationenarbeit erfolgt in Form von Workshops und weiteren verschiedenen Projekten und versteht sich als gemeinwesendiakonisches Projekt in Kooperation zwischen Kirche und Kindergarten. Die Studie untersucht die subjektiven Erfahrungen der ehrenamtlich tätigen Senioren mit Kindern, die aus den intergenerationellen Begegnungen hervorgehen und deutet diese auf ihre missionstheologische Relevanz. Unter Rückgriff auf praktisch-theologische Erkenntnisse aus der Lebenswelt der Senioren gehen wichtige Ergebnisse in die in der kontextuellen Theologie und Missiologie verorteten Arbeit ein. Diese münden wiederum in praktische Empfehlungen zur generationenübergreifenden Arbeit für Kirche und Kommune. / The current study aims at investigating the experiences of elderly at the age of 60plus, when contributing with their knowledge and time during their work with children. As a research setting, an evangelic kindergarden has been selected in Apen, the northern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. The engagement of seniors in this so-called generation work is understood as a diaconal practical project which is defined as social welfare work. It is implemented in form of different projects and performed in cooperation with the church and the kindergarden. The research explores firstly, the subjective experiences of the volunteering seniors during their intergenerational encounters. Secondly, the inter generational encounters are furthermore analyzed regarding its missiological-theological relevance. Practical theological insights, gained by analyzing the seniors’ lifeworld, result as relevant for the research in the domain of contextual theology and missiology. Finally, the results lead to practical recommendations for intergenerational work for both the church and community. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen theologischer Ausbildung und missionarischer Herausforderung im deutschsprachigen Europa. Dabei steht die Forschungsfrage im Zentrum, was der sich verändernde Kontext und die damit verbundene missionarische Herausforderung der Kirche für eine Reform der theologischen Ausbildung bedeuten. Zu dieser Fragestellung werden aus ökumenischer und evangelikaler Perspektive Stimmen laut, welche eine Reform hin zu einer missionalen theologischen Ausbildung fordern, welche somit in Wesen und Funktion von der Missio Dei her zu verstehen sei. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, was eine solche Forderung bedeuten könnte und welche grundsätzlichen Implikationen sich für die theologische Ausbildung ergeben. In einem ersten Teil werden ökumenische, evangelische und evangelikale Impulse zur Reform der theologischen Ausbildung und dem Zusammenhang der missionarischen Herausforderung dargestellt, theoretische Sensibilität und Kernkategorien für die empirische Untersuchung entwickelt. Im Hauptteil der Forschungsarbeit wird die obige Fragestellung mittels einer qualitativ-empirischen Untersuchung unter Leitern von evangelikalen theologischen Ausbildungstätten im deutschsprachigen Europa untersucht. Mit halbstandardisierten Experten-Interviews werden nach Grounded Theory und mittels Typologienbildung vier Handlungsmuster als mögliche Reaktionen theologischer Ausbildungsverantwortlicher dargestellt. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung unter Einbezug der Literatur evaluiert und eine missionswissenschaftliche Auswertung hinsichtlich der Theologie, der Lerntheorie und der Kompetenzorientierung einer missionalen theologischen Ausbildung vorgenommen. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit leistet somit einen dreifachen Beitrag. Erstens stellt sie ökumenische, evangelische und evangelikale Beiträge und empirisch erarbeitete Handlungsmuster zum Thema Reform theologischer Ausbildung im Hinblick auf die missionarische Herausforderung dar. Zweitens bietet sie aus missionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive einen Diskussionbeitrag zu einer möglichen Reform theologischer Ausbildung. Drittens werden konkrete Impulse zu Theologie, Lerntheorie und Kompetenzorientierung einer missionalen theologischen Ausbildung für den deutschsprachigen Kontext erarbeitet / This dissertation examines the relationship between theological education and missionary challenges in German-speaking Europe. The central research question is what the changing context and related missionary challenges of the church signify for a reform of theological training. Voices from an ecumenical and evangelical perspective are demanding a reform of theological education towards a missional approach, an approach defined in its identity as well as its function from the Missio Dei. The following study pursues the question as to what such demands entail and what implications follow for theological education in general. The first part presents the ecumenical, evangelical and evangelic impulse towards a reform of theological education and a link with missionary challenges; theoretic sensibilities and key categories are developed for the empirical examination. The main section of the study examines the abovementioned question through a qualitative-empirical study of the leadership of evangelical theological educational establishments in German-speaking Europe. With the help of half-standardised interviews of experts, four action samples were presented as possible reactions, according to grounded theory and by means of typology development. Finally, the results of the empirical examination were evaluated in the light of the literature and a missional-empirical evaluation was made regarding the theology, the learning theory and the competence orientation of a missional-theological education. This dissertation thus makes a threefold contribution. Firstly, it constitutes ecumenical, evangelical and evangelic contributions and an empirically developed plan of action on the theme of the reform of theological education in light of missionary challenges. Secondly, it offers a contribution from a missional- empirical perspective to the discussion of a possible reform of theological education. Thirdly, it develops a concrete impetus towards the theology, learning theory and competence orientation of a missional theological education in the German-speaking context / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Missiology)