Objective: Past research indicates that comorbid anxiety and depression in youth is associated with greater functional impairment than anxiety alone. To elucidate those factors which may increase vulnerability to depressive disorders, the current study examined several clinical correlates (i.e., feelings ratings, parental psychopathology symptoms, and family functioning) of comorbid depressive symptoms in young anxious children. Method: Sixty-eight children, aged 6 to 10 years (M = 9.06, SD = 1.10), and caregivers completed measures assessing child depressive symptoms. Furthermore, children completed self reports of anxiety symptoms, feelings ratings, and family functioning, while caregivers completed self reports of psychopathology symptoms and family functioning. Predictors of child depressive symptoms were examined separately for girls and boys. Results: In females, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for anxiety, higher sadness and lower positive feelings accounted for 30% of variance in child-reported depressive symptoms. Further analyses indicated that child-reported overall family dysfunction moderated the relationship between positive feelings and depressive symptoms, such that high family dysfunction increased the risk of depressive symptoms in females with low positive emotions. In males, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for anxiety, higher negative/hostile feelings and child-reported overall family dysfunction accounted for 19% of variance in child-reported depressive symptoms. Further analyses of family functioning in males revealed that child-reported family cohesion and conflict were negatively and positively correlated, respectively, with depressive symptoms. Family dysfunction did not moderate the relationship between feelings ratings and depressive symptoms. The only significant predictor of caregiver-reported child depressive symptoms, for males only, was caregiver self-reported overall psychopathology symptoms. Further analyses indicated that, for males, caregiver depression and hostility symptoms correlated positively with caregiver-reported child depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Different patterns of emotion and family functioning predicted self-reported depressive symptoms in males and females. Self and caregiver reports of child depressive symptoms were not related, with only caregivers’ psychopathology symptoms predicting their reports of child depressive symptoms. Results suggest the importance of assessing child-reported feelings and family dysfunction, and parental symptomatology, of clinically anxious children. To prevent future depressive disorders in these children, different targets of intervention for males and females may be warranted.

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Sociala medier har ökat lavinartat sedan internet nådde människors hem under  90-talet. Enbart det sociala mediet Facebook har  243 miljoner användare i Europa. Sociala medier har även blivit ett primärt val för de flesta användare för interaktion med varandra. I en värld där informationsflödet och varje relation är konstant uppmärksammades en brist i hur sociala medier interagerar med användaren. För att undersöka hur individer upplever notifikationerna i sociala medier användes grundaffekterna av Silvan Tomkins som kompletterades via en litteraturstudie. Notifikationer på sociala medier undersöktes sedan kvalitativt med hjälp av  tester och  användare i fokusgruppsmiljö. Denna studie resulterade i ett antal definierade känslor  som  individer upplever av notifikationer  samt  åsikter kring redan befintlig funktionalitet och förslag till riktlinjer ur ett användarcentrerat perspektiv. / Social media has increased exponentially since the Internet reached people's homes during the 90's. The social media Facebook alone has 243 million users in Europe, social media also became a primary choice for most users to interact with each other. In a  world where the information flow and each relationship are constant, a flaw emerged in how the social media interacts with the user. To investigate how individuals experience notifications in social media, affect theory by Silvan Tomkins was used and then supplemented by a literature review. The notifications were then examined qualitatively  using tests and  with the help of users in a focus group setting. This study resulted in  a defined set of emotions that individuals experience of notifications as well as  opinions  about  existing  functionality  and  proposed guidelines from a user-centered perspective.

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård som bedrivs i hemmet blir allt vanligare och forskning visar att många vill dö i sitt eget hem. Detta ställer ofta stora krav på närstående till patienter som befinner sig i livets slutskede, då de får inta en vårdande roll. Många närstående upplever den vårdande rollen som positiv, då de får tillbringa den sista tiden tillsammans med patienten. Emellertid upplever många närstående den vårdande rollen som negativ, bland annat för att de kan känna att de har kastats in i rollen som vårdare och därmed förlorat sin frihet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva hur närstående till patienter i palliativ hemsjukvård upplever sin livssituation. Frågeställningar: Vad för slags stöd är närstående i palliativ hemsjukvård i behov av samt hur kan sjuksköterskan möta dessa behov? Metod: Denna studie är en litteraturstudie där elva kvalitativa artiklar har granskats och utifrån liknelser i studiernas resultat har kategorier utformats, vilka utgjort material till resultatet i denna litteraturstudie. Travelbees omvårdnadsteori, med betoning på den mellanmänskliga relationen, har använts som teoretisk utgångspunkt och kopplats till flera delar i resultatdiskussionen. Resultat: De kategorier som utformades var: Förändringar i vardagen, Tankar och känslor av skuld, Att känna sig sedd och vara delaktig samt Information och kommunikation. Under dessa rubriker beskrivs hur de närstående upplever olika livssituationer.  Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utifrån de kategorier som utformats. I diskussionen avhandlades hur sjuksköterskan kan ge stöd till närstående i olika situationer samt vad sjuksköterskan har för ansvar. / Background: Palliative home care is becoming more common and research show that many want to die in their own home. This makes great demands on next of kin of patients at the end of life as they take on a caring role. Many next of kin experiences the caring role as positive as they spend the last time with the patient. However, some of the next of kin experience the caring role as negative because they feel themselves forced into the caring role and therefore lose their freedom. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how next to kin to patients in palliative home care experience their life situation. Questions: What kind of support is the next of kin in palliative home care in need of and how can the nurse meet their needs? Method: This study is a literature study. Eleven qualitative studies have been reviewed from which categories have been formulated. These categories represent the basis of the results in this study. The theory of the interpersonal relationship by Travelbee is used as theoretical starting-point and is used in several sections in the discussion of the results. Results: The formulated categories are: Changes in everyday life, Thoughts and feelings of guilt, To be seen and to participate and Information and communication. In these categories the experiences of various life situations of next of kin are described. Discussion: The result is discussed from the formulated categories. The responsibility of the nurse and ways of support to next of kin in different life situations are being discussed.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and it usually affects elderly women. However, there are between 600-700 cases per year in Sweden where women under the age of 45 are diagnosed. Removal of the breast or part of the breast, hair loss, fatigue and nausea as a result of the breast cancer treatment has an emotional and physical impact on the women’s lifeworld. The nurse should build a relationship with the women to identify and meet their needs.  Aim: To describe younger women’s experiences of getting a breast cancer diagnosis and life afterwards. Method: Four biographical books were analyzed to match the aim of the study. Result: The findings were that the women experience similar thoughts and feelings when it comes to living with a cancer diagnosis. Feelings such as fear, anger and distress were expressed in the biographies. To be able to fight against the disease the women highlighted the importance of support from family members and the medical staff. Conclusion: The women’s describes both physical and mental changes due to treatment, a strong influence on the woman’s lifeworld. It is therefore important that the nurse support, comfort and assist the patient during the entire course of the disease. It might help the woman to find bright spots in life and maintain hope for the future.

Bakgrund: Förlust är ett allmänmänskligt fenomen, som framkallar känslor, uttryck, tankar och handlingar, hos den som drabbats. Genom att ta del av berättelser om fenomenet, möjliggörs att sjuksköterskor kan förstå patienters känslomässiga budskap, vilket är viktigt ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att genom sjuksköterskestudenters berättelser nå förståelse om fenomenet förlust. Metod: Studien var empirisk med kvalitativ ansats och materialet omfattade 53 sjuksköterskestudenters berättelser om fenomenet förlust. Resultat: Alla studenter hade erfarenheter av och förståelse om fenomenet förlust.  Förlust relaterades oftast till dödsfall och den vanligast förekommande erfarenheten var förlust av husdjur. Studenterna använde metaforiska uttryck, för att beskriva sin förlust och förlusten upplevdes på ett kroppsligt, känslomässigt och existentiellt plan. Detta speglas i ett pussel där alla bitar kan vara var för sig, eller passa ihop med varandra i olika kombinationer. Diskussion: Professionellt förhållningssätt vid sorg diskuteras som ett fynd. Husdjur har en stor betydelse för människor och förlusten av det kan påverka starkt. Vid en förlust triggas existentiella känslor igång, då har hoppet stor betydelse. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av studien, var att förlusten visade olika ansikten. Omvårdnads-personalens inre kompetens kan utvecklas genom att nå förståelse om olika fenomen. / Background: Loss is a phenomenon common to all mankind, which evoke feelings, expressions, thoughts and actions, with those affected. By sharing stories regarding the phenomenon, nurses can understand the patients’ emotional message, which is important from the nursing perspective. Purpose: The purpose of the study was that from the nursing students stories reach understanding about the phenomenon of loss. Method: The study was empirical with qualitative projection and the material comprises 53 nursing students’ stories about the phenomenon loss. Result: All students had experiences from and understanding of the phenomenon loss. Loss was most often related to death and the most common experience was the loss of pets. The students used metaphoric expressions to describe their loss and the loss was experienced physically, emotionally and on an existentially level. This is reflected in a puzzle where all pieces can work independently, or work together in different combinations. Discussion: Professional approach in grief is discussed as a resort. Pets are of great importance to humans and the loss of one can have a large impact. At the time of loss existential feelings are triggered and hope plays a big part. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that the loss has different faces. Internal expertise of the nursing stuff can be developed by creating understanding of various phenomena.

Bakgrund: Klimakteriet är en naturlig del av kvinnans liv. Klimakteriet som även kallas övergångsåldern, är en period då kvinnans fysiologiska kropp genomgår hormonella förändringar. Tiden då klimakteriet infinner sig är individuellt. Vanligast är dock att klimakteriet infinner sig då kvinnan passerat en ålder av 40. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva nordiska kvinnors upplevelser av klimakteriet. Metod: Metoden som används följer Friberg (2006) rekommendationer vad beträffar en litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Resultatet bygger på nio vetenskapliga artiklar, vilka är såväl kvalitativa som kvantitativa. I resultatet presenteras fyra teman. Personlig utveckling, Livskvalitet, Kroppsliga förändringar och symtom samt Det sexuella samlivet. Konklusion: Studiens fynd visar att kvinnors upplevelser av klimakteriet skiljer sig åt. Vi är alla unika och uppfattar således livets prövningar olika. Trots individuella upplevelser visar studiens resultat att många kvinnor upplever klimakteriet positivt. De upplever att de utvecklats som person likväl som de ser att de blivit bättre rustade inför det kommande livet. Författarna kopplar kvinnornas positiva upplevelser till KASAM, Känsla av sammanhang, som talar för att människan lättare kan möta livets utmaningar om hon kan förstå dess relevans och mening. / Background: Menopause is a natural part of a woman's life. The climacteric also known as the menopausal, is a period when a woman's physiological body undergoes hormonal changes. The days of climacteric appear individually. Most common is that climacteric is present when the woman passed the age of 40. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the Nordic women's experience of climacteric. Method: The method used follows Friberg (2006) recommendations regarding a literature review. Result: The result is based on nine research articles, which are both qualitative and quantitative. The result is presented in four themes, Personal growth, Quality of life, Bodily changes and symptoms and The sexual life together. Conclusion:  The study findings show that women's experiences of climacteric are different. We are all unique and therefore understands the trials of life different. Although individual experiences shows results of the study that many women experience climacteric positively. They perceive that they developed as a person as well as they see that they become better prepared for the next life. The authors link women's positive experiences to the KASAM, sense of coherence, which suggests that humans can better meet the challenges of life if she can understand its relevance and meaning.

Bakgrund: Multiple skleros är en neurologisk sjukdom i det centrala nervsystemet vilket beror på en kronisk inflammation. Insjuknandet sker i åldern 20-40 år. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur det dagliga livet påverkades för personer med Multiple skleros. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie har utförts och analyserats med ett induktivt förhållningssätt. Sökningar gjordes i databaser vilket resulterade i 20 artiklar. Resultat: MS-drabbade upplevde att vardagen påverkades och arbete, relationer samt fritidsaktiviteter blev lidande. En känslomässig följd av MS var oro och rädsla, att inte veta när nästa förlust skulle drabba dem. Diskussion: Ofrivillig social isolering ledde till ett stort lidande hos den MS-drabbade, att dessutom förlora fysiska egenskaper bidrog i sin tur till ett annat lidande. MS begränsningarna skapade en sänkt självständighet, som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att vara medveten om svårigheten att ersätta den MS-drabbades förlorade färdigheter. Slutsats: Som blivande sjuksköterskor är det relevant att vara medveten om att sjukdomen påverkar hela den MS-drabbades livssituation. För att ge optimal omvårdnad bör sjuksköterskan utgå från den MS-drabbades individuella behov. Trots att den MS-drabbade möter motgångar, har de flesta en otrolig kraft för att kämpa vidare / Background: Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease of the central nervous system due to a chronic inflammatory. Onset occurs between the ages of 20-40 years. Aim: The objective was to describe how the daily lives of people were affected by Multiple Sclerosis Method: A systematic literature study has been conducted were articles analyzed with an inductive approach. Search was made in databases, which resulted in 20 articles. Results: MS-affected felt that affected everyday life and work, relationships and leisure activities began to suffer. An emotional consequence of MS was anxiety and fear of not knowing when the next loss affected them. Discussion: Involuntary social isolation contributed to a great suffering for the MS-affected and on top of that loose physicals skills also contributed another suffering. MS limits created a reduced independence, it is important to be aware of the difficulty to replace the lost skills of the MS-affected. Conclusion: As a future nurse, it is relevant to be aware that the disease affects the whole of the MS-affected life situation. To provide optimal care nurse should be deleted from the MS-affected individual needs. Although the MS-stricken face adversity, most have shown incredible strength to fight on.

Feeling forgotten charts a shift in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century English literature that is structured on a crisis of memory. This shift consists in a movement towards a literary construction of aesthetic and moral self-forgetfulness that draws its intense power from an anxiety about human mortality and historical forgetting. Through analyses of texts that depict the need to overcome individual and cultural loss through a desire for oblivion, Feeling forgotten contends that the Romantic period gave birth to anti-mnemonic aesthetic in which the displacement of a perceived loss of the feeling of lived memories into various literary fictions preserves the past in such a way as to answer an unavoidable loss of feeling by asserting that the past, one's own and others, can be felt (again) in the complex affective experience found in reading about the past. In a more ambitious sense, Feeling forgotten attempts to point the way towards an understanding of Romantic and post-Romantic nostalgia as a strong rejection of its melancholic forbearers and as a response to late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century self-forgetting. Indeed, the rejection of this more complex Romantic form of nostalgia, one in which the always frustrated attempt to inscribe forgetfulness itself into the text of memory is productive of the ongoing act of writing, would become the founding principle for later forms of nostalgia that seek to render forgetting as an act that resides outside the written text. Based on a reorientation of Charlotte Smith's poetic archive of feelings, which defines feeling as the failure of poetry to contain and defuse feelings themselves, and the passionate rationalism of William Godwin's early nineteenth century texts, in which self-analysis serves as both the generator and corruptor of the sympathetic feelings found in sentimental literature, Walter Scott's passive, amnesiac romances stage the fantasy of an evasion from the political and material significance of history. / text

Dabartinėje visuomenėje visose gyvenimo srityse stresas yra labai aktuali socialinė ir sveikatos problema. Tobulėjant informacinėms technologijoms, automatizacijai, mechanizacijai, spartėja gamybos ir konkurencijos tempai, auga informacijos srautai, didėja dirbančiojo atsakomybė. Visa tai didina intelektinę, nervinę ir emocinę įtampą ir sukelia profesinį stresą. Viena sunkiausių ilgalaikio streso pasekmių slaugytojoms yra sveikatos sutrikimai. Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti terminalinės būklės pacientus prižiūrinčių slaugytojų emocinius sunkumus bei jų kontrolės galimybes darbe. Tyrimo uždaviniai. 1. Išsiaiškinti terminalin��s būklės pacientus prižiūrinčių slaugytojų profesinius motyvus ir lūkesčius. 2. Išanalizuoti su darbu susijusius slaugytojų emocinius sunkumus bei jų įveikos būdus. 3. Įvertinti darbo organizavimo reikšmę slaugytojų savijautai. Tyrimo metodika. Atliktas kokybinis aprašomasis tyrimas, kurio metu panaudotas pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodas. Tyrime dalyvavo 18 slaugytojų, dirbančių keturiose Kauno miesto terminalinės būklės pacientų gydymo ir slaugos institucijose. Atrenkant skirtingų tipų institucijose dirbančius respondentus siekta atspindėti galimą požiūrių įvairovę. Duomenys buvo renkami 2008 m. sausio – vasario mėnesiais. Rezultatai. Tyrimas parodė, kad skirtingose terminalinės būklės pacientų slaugos institucijose dirbančios slaugytojos savo kasdieninėje veikloje patiria panašius sunkumus, neigiamai veikiančius jų savijautą ir sveikatą. Kasdien... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Stress is a very actual social and health problem in all spheres of life of present society. While improving information technologies, automation, mechanization, rates of production and competition accelerates, information flow grows, labouring man‘s responsibility increases. All this grows intellectual, nervous and emotional tension and raises professional stress. One of the most difficult outcomes of enduring stress for tenders is health disorder. Objective of research. Evaluate tenders‘ nursing patients in terminal state emotional difficulties and their control possibilities in work. Goals of research. 1. Ascertain tenders‘ nursing patients in terminal state professional motives and suspenses. 2. Traverse emotional difficulties connected with tenders‘ work and their defeat modes. 3. Evaluate meaning of work organization for tenders‘ feelings. Methodology of research. Qualitative descriptive research has been made, during the course of which semistructural interview method has been used. 18 tenders have participated in research who work in four Kaunas city institutions of patients‘ in terminal state treatment and nursing. Selecting respondents working in diverse type institutions the purpose was to reflect possible variety of attitudes. Data was collected during January and February of 2008. Results. Research has showed that nurses working in different institutions of nursing patients in terminal state in their ordinary activity experience similar difficulties... [to full text]