Trata-se de investigar o caráter ambivalente da música na teoria de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. O filósofo defende, ao mesmo tempo, os traços naturais da sinfonia, que lhe concedem o acento enérgico responsável por movimentar os sentimentos do ouvinte, e os aspectos artificiais que a constituem, resultantes da moralidade necessária para que a música seja de fato expressiva. Essa conciliação entre os elementos racional (harmonia) e patético (melodia) reforça o combate do filósofo genebrino contra a teoria ramista. / The purpose of this masters thesis is to investigate the ambivalence of music in Jean-Jacques Rousseau\'s theory. The philosopher argues, at the same time, about the natural features of the symphony, which give it the energetic accent responsible for moving the feelings of the listener, and about the artificial aspects that are resulting from morality required for music to be significant indeed. This reconciliation between the rational elements (harmony) and pathetic (melody) strengthens the combat against Rameaus theory.

A presente dissertação aborda o comportamento do consumidor em um segmento de mercado que vem se destacando ao longo das últimas décadas: o dos produtos de luxo. Levando em consideração a importância dos sentimentos para o entendimento do comportamento do consumidor e tendo em vista que até o presente momento poucos estudos em consumo de luxo se dedicaram exclusivamente a este assunto, o objetivo desta dissertação foi o de compreender as consequências do consumo de luxo para as consumidoras, com foco nos sentimentos despertados pelo consumo. Como método de pesquisa, optou-se pela realização de um estudo exploratório, que valeu-se da utilização de entrevistas em profundidade combinadas com a técnica de autodriving, através da suscitação por fotos e objetos. Foram entrevistadas 22 consumidoras de produtos de luxo com idades entre 22 e 60 anos. O foco das entrevistas recaiu sobre as seguintes categorias de artigos de luxo: joalheria, vestuário, acessórios, perfumaria e cosméticos. Nas entrevistas, foram identificados 111 diferentes tipos de sentimentos resultantes do consumo de luxo, que foram posteriormente agrupados em 10 categorias: sentimentos relativos ao prazer, sentimentos relativos ao afeto, sentimentos relativos à distinção, sentimentos relativos à beleza, sentimentos relativos ao desejo, sentimentos relativos à realização pessoal, sentimentos relativos à segurança, sentimentos relativos à estima dos outros, sentimentos contraditórios e sentimentos relativos à falta deste tipo de produto. Foram também identificados 4 aspectos do consumo de luxo relacionados aos sentimentos encontrados: os rituais de consumo e culto aos objetos, a associação do consumo de luxo com sair da rotina e entrar em um “outro mundo”, a valorização da tradição e da história das marcas e a passagem dos objetos entre gerações. / This thesis addresses the consumer behavior in a market segment that has been outstanding over the last few decades: that one related to luxury goods. Taking into account the importance of feelings in understanding consumer behavior, and considering that until now few studies on luxury consumption were dedicated exclusively to this subject, the purpose of this thesis was to understand the consequences of luxury consumption for the consumers, focusing on the feelings aroused by consumption. As a research method, it was decided to carry out an exploratory study, which employed the use of in-depth interviews combined with autodriving technique, through photos and objects elicitation. 22 consumers of luxury products with ages between 22 and 60 years were interviewed. The focus of the interviews fell on the following categories of luxury goods: jewelry, clothing, accessories, perfumery and cosmetics. In the interviews, 111 different kinds of feelings were identified as resulting from the consumption of luxury goods, which were then grouped into 10 categories: feelings related to pleasure, feelings related to affection, feelings related to distinction, feelings related to beauty, feelings related to desire, feelings related to personal fulfillment, feelings related to safety, feelings related to the esteem of others, contradictory feelings and feelings related to the lack of these goods. 4 aspects of luxury consumption related to these feelings were also identified: consumption rituals and objects worship, the association of luxury consumption with getting out of routine and going into "another world", the appreciation of brands’ tradition and history, and the inheritance of objects across generations.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2006. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-11-14T17:00:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandahernandes.pdf: 1421775 bytes, checksum: 9ae6c127a6c1a76526af11106e929c88 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-11-14T22:33:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandahernandes.pdf: 1421775 bytes, checksum: 9ae6c127a6c1a76526af11106e929c88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-14T22:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandahernandes.pdf: 1421775 bytes, checksum: 9ae6c127a6c1a76526af11106e929c88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Este estudo teve como objetivo geral conhecer e compreender os sentimentos expressos pelo cliente pediátrico e seus familiares ao vivenciarem o perioperatório. A fim de propiciar subsídios para entender a temática exposta, é proposto um quadro de referência teórica, partindo do conhecimento produzido por um conjunto de autores que contemplam questões referentes: a família; a família vivenciando o perioperatório e seus aspectos emocionais; a família como cliente; a assistência de Enfermagem e a educação da família. Teve caráter descritivo, exploratório, com análise qualitativa dos dados, os quais foram coletados no período de abril de 2005 a janeiro de 2006, em um hospital geral do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram sujeitos da investigação oito clientes pediátricos hospitalizados, para procedimento cirúrgico, enquadrados na faixa etária de 5 a 12 anos e seus familiares acompanhantes. A pesquisa de campo incluiu a observação simples, a entrevista semi-estruturada e o desenho como instrumento, os quais foram utilizados durantes os encontros com os sujeitos no pré, trans e no pós-operatório. Os preceitos éticos estão de acordo com a Resolução 196/1996 do Ministério da Saúde-Brasil. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com o auxílio do referencial teórico, e as observações e reflexões da autora e foram comparados e agrupados um a um de acordo com suas similaridades, formando categorias, de onde surgiram três momentos vivenciados pela família. O primeiro momento corresponde ao período anterior a cirurgia; aborda a trajetória percorrida pela família para a realização da mesma, sendo assim, a “chegada” deles até o hospital e o encaminhamento ao Centro Cirúrgico e após descreve os aspectos relativos ao preparo pré-operatório. O segundo período, apresenta os resultados sobre os questionamentos realizados sobre como estavam se sentindo os sujeitos enquanto aguardavam o término da cirurgia. O terceiro aborda as lembranças (ou não) do procedimento pela criança e descreve os relatos dos familiares após a cirurgia, incluindo a espera por notícias sobre o resultado do procedimento e sobre os cuidados pós-operatório. No geral, dos resultados obtidos salienta-se a eterna espera realizada pela família. No pré operatório os mesmos esperam para conseguir uma consulta médica, agendar a cirurgia e realizá-la. No trans-operatório a família espera por informações sobre o transcorrer da cirurgia, além de aguardarem pelo seu término. Já no pós operatório a família segue na espera pelo resultado da cirurgia, pelos cuidados que deverão ser tomados e pela alta hospitalar do cliente. Destaca-se também a ausência da enfermeira em todos os momentos, ou seja, de um modo geral, a qual, não se fez presente em nenhum dos momentos observados, como também, não foi referenciada pelos sujeitos. Concluindo, o conhecimento e a compreensão dos sentimentos das famílias sobre a situação cirúrgica e de seus fatores relacionados, ou seja quais as razões que fazem surgir tais sentimentos, podem ser utilizados para planejar, adequar e aprimorar a assistência desenvolvida pelos profissionais,reconhecendo a importância dos aspectos psicossociais e emocionais que envolvem o cliente e os familiares acompanhantes que também são afetados pela experiência. / This study aimed at knowing and understanding the feelings expressed by the pediatric patient and its family members when facing the perioperative. In order to provide subsidies to understand the exposed theme, a setting of theoretical reference was proposed, starting with the knowledge produced by a group of authors who contemplate referring questions: the family; the family facing the perioperative and its emotional aspects; the family as a client; the Nursing assistance and the family education. It had a descriptive, exploratory character, with qualitative analysis of data, which were collected from April 2005 to January 2006, in a general hospital from Rio Grande do Sul state. Eight hospitalized pediatric clients were subjects of the investigation, for surgical procedure, place in the ages between 5 and 12 years old and its family companions. The field research included the simple observation, the semi-structured interview and the drawing as an instrument, which were used during the meetings with the subjects previous, trans and post operative. The ethical principles follow the Resolution 196/1996 from the Health Ministry – Brazil. The data collected was analysed with the help of theoretical reference, and the observations and thoughts of the author and were compared and grouped one by one according to its similarities, forming categories, from which three moments faced by the families appeared. The first moment corresponds the period previous to the surgery; approaches the trajectory taken by the family in order to have the surgery done, therefore, their “arrival” at the hospital and taking the patient to the Surgical Center and afterwards describes the relative aspects to the pre operative preparation. The second period presents the results about the questions made about how the subjects were feeling while waiting for the end of the surgery. The third period approach the remembrances (or not) of the procedure by the child and describes the family reports after the surgery, including the expectation for news about the result of the procedure and about the post operation care. In general, the results obtained it is highlighted the long wait faced by the family. In the pre operation the family expect to have a medical appointment, schedule a surgery and have it done. In the trans operation, the family is expecting for information concerning the surgery itself as well as wait for the end of it. Finally, in the post operation period, the family is still waiting for the result of the surgery, the care to be taken and for the discharge from the hospital of the subject. It is also highlighted the absence of the nurse in all the moments, i.e., in a general way, this professional was not present in any of the observed moments as well as was not mentioned by the subjects. To conclude, the knowledge and understanding of the feelings of the families concerning the surgical situation and its related factors, which mean the reasons that such feelings are felt, can be used to plan, make adequate and improve the assistance developed by the professionals, acknowledging the importance of the psychosocial and emotional aspects which involve the client and the family companions who are also affected by the experience. / Este estúdio tuve como objetivo general conocer y comprender los sentimientos expresos por el cliente pediátrico y sus familiares al vivieren el peri operatorio. A fin de propiciar subsidios para entender la temática propuesta, es presentado un cuadro de referencia teórica, partiendo del conocimiento producito por un conjunto de autores que contemplan cuestiones referentes: la familia: la familia viviendo el peri operatorio e sus aspectos emocionales: la familia como cliente: la asistencia de Enfermería y la educación de la familia. Tuve caráter descriptivo, exploratorio, con analice cualitativa de los datos, siendo estos colectados en el período de abril de 2005 hasta enero de 2006, en un hospital general de4l Río Grande del Sur. Fueran sujetos de la investigación ocho clientes pediátricos hospitalizados para procedimiento cirúrgico, encuadrados en el tiempo etário de 5 hasta 12 anõs y sus familiares acompañantes. La pesquisa de campo incluye la observación simple, la encuesta un poco estructurada y el dibujo como instrumento, los cuales fueran utilizados durante los encuentros con los sujetos en el pré y trans y el pos operatorio. Los preceptos éticos están de acuerdo con la Resolución 196/1996 del Ministerio de vla Salud-Brasil. Los datos obtenidos fueran agrupados y analizados con el auxilio del referencial teórico y de las observaciones y reflexiones de la autora y están comparados y agrupados uno a uno de acuerdo con sus pecularidades, haciendo parte de categorías, de donde surgieron tres momentos vividos por la familia. El primero momento corresponde el período anterior a la cirugía: aborda el camino hecho por la familia para la realización de la misma, siendo así, la “llegada” de ellos hasta el hospital y el encaminamiento Al Centro Círurgico y después describe los aspectos relativos al preparo pre operatorio. El segundo período, presenta los resultados sobre los cuestionamientos realizados sobre como estaban se sintiendo los sujetos mientras aguardaban el término de la curugía. El tercero aborda las reminiscencias (o no) del procedimiento por los niños y describe los relatos de los familiares después de la curugía, incluyendo la espera por noticias sobre el resultado de la cirurgía y sobre los cuidados pos operatorio. En general, de los resultados obtenidos sobresaliese la eterna espera realizada por la familia. En el pré operatorio los mísmos esperan para conseguir una consulta médica, datar la cirurgía y hacerla. En el trans operatório la familia espera por informaciones sobre el transcurrir de la cirurgía, allá de aguardaren por su término. Ya en el pós operatorio la familia sigue en la espera por el resultado de la cirurgía, por los cuidados que deberán ser tomados y por la alta del hospital. Destacase también la ausencia de la enfermera en todos los momentos, de esta manera, de un modo general, ella no se hace presente en ninguno de los momentos observados, como también, no fue referenciada por los sujetos. Concluyendo, el conocimiento y la comprensipon de los sentimientos de las familias sobre la situación cirúrgica y de sus factores relacionados, o sea cuales las raciones que hacen surgir tales sentimientos, pueden ser utilizados para planear, adecuar y primorear la asistencia desarrollada por los profesionales, reconociendo la importancia de los aspectos psiocosociales y emocionales que envuelven el cliente y los familiares acompañantes que también son afectados por la experiencia.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T15:26:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Margareth Novais de Andrade - 2014.pdf: 5876469 bytes, checksum: a69ab1149136af6e2230255dfc4c8498 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T15:44:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Margareth Novais de Andrade - 2014.pdf: 5876469 bytes, checksum: a69ab1149136af6e2230255dfc4c8498 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T15:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Margareth Novais de Andrade - 2014.pdf: 5876469 bytes, checksum: a69ab1149136af6e2230255dfc4c8498 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-29 / The diagnosis of congenital anomalies brings some consequences to the life of pregnant women. One of them is related to the emotional aspect. The social support connection between patient and multi-professional team reveals to be one of the fundamental strategies to reduce the incidence of aggravations to the health of the pregnant women, considering the fact that, from that, they begin to be monitored by a variety of professionals in different fields of study. Goals: Rework theoretically the most important aspects on the studies of congenital malformation and the feelings lived by those pregnant women; Embrace, from the active research of the patients taken in the Fetal Malformation Ambulatory of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, the feelings most common in the post-diagnostic of fetal deformity and characterize them social and demographically. Methods: Initially, it was developed a literature rework article. On the article, some data was used as reference, such as: Pub-Med, Wiley on Line Library, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and also publications from the period within 1984 and 2013. Later on, a documental research in the database of the Fetal Malformation Ambulatory of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, in order to gather the information needed on the location of theses taken patients by that ambulatory, was developed. A set of questions were applied to 74 patients, who carried fetuses with anomalies, seen by the ambulatory before mentioned, within the years of 2012 and 2013, the documents were, then, systematized and analyzed. From the results gathered, an article was compiled on the feelings lived by the women that carried fetuses with anomalies, as well as the characterization from the social and demographical prisms. Results: It was verified on the literature rework that the multi-professional team’s performance on the pregnancy is fundamental to reduce the suffering of these women. The pattern established of the pregnant women seen at the Fetal Malformation Ambulatory can be defined as: the majority is in the age group between 20 and 30 years old, Caucasian, and with income up to a minimum wage. The majority was also legally married, had already had another child, had been to approximately 6 antenatal care appointments and graduated from high school. The most frequent feeling was fear, followed by sadness, insecurity and doubt over the diagnosis. Conclusion: The diagnosis of fetal malformation raises the perception of the emotional suffering, which shows the relevance and the necessity of the work developed by a multi-professional team. / O diagnóstico de anomalias congênitas provoca repercussões na vida das gestantes, entre elas, seu aspecto emocional. A rede de suporte social estabelecida na relação entre paciente e equipe multiprofissional demonstra ser estratégia fundamental para reduzir a ocorrência de agravos à saúde da gestante, uma vez que esta passa a ser acompanhada por diversos profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Objetivos: revisar teoricamente os aspectos mais importantes acerca do estudo de malformações congênitas e os sentimentos vividos pelas gestantes; apreender, a partir da busca ativa das pacientes atendidas no Ambulatório de Malformação Fetal do HC da UFG, os sentimentos mais presentes no pós-diagnóstico de deformidade fetal e caracterizá-las social e demograficamente. Métodos: foi realizado inicialmente um artigo de revisão da literatura. Para este, foram pesquisados e selecionados artigos nas bases de dados Pub-Med, Wiley on Line Library, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), além de publicações entre os anos de 1984 e 2013. Em seguida foi realizada uma pesquisa documental (banco de dados físico do ambulatório de malfomação fetal do HC/UFG) para ter acesso aos dados necessários à busca ativa destas pacientes atendidas por este ambulatório. Questionários foram aplicados a 74 pacientes que gestaram fetos com anomalia atendidas no ambulatório de malformação fetal do HC/UFG durante os anos de 2012 e 2013, sistematizados e analisados. Após a coleta, redigiu-se um artigo a partir dos resultados da pesquisa acerca dos sentimentos vivenciados por mulheres que gestaram fetos com anomalias, além da caracterização social e demográfica destas gestantes. Resultados: constatou-se, na revisão de literatura, que a atuação da equipe multiprofissional na gestação é essencial na redução de sofrimento das gestantes. O perfil das gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de malformação fetal do HC pode ser sintetizado como: maioria na faixa etária entre 20 e 30 anos, autodeclaradas brancas, de renda salarial na faixa de até um salário mínimo. A maioria delas estava em união estável ou era legalmente casada; já possuía ao menos um filho; realizou até seis consultas prénatais, em sua maioria; e escolaridade, em maior proporção, de nível médio completo. O sentimento mais frequente foi medo, seguido de tristeza, insegurança e dúvida acerca do diagnóstico. Conclusão: o diagnóstico de malformação fetal apresenta a vivência de sofrimento emocional pelas gestantes demonstrando a relevância e a necessidade de seu acompanhamento por equipe multiprofissional. Palavras-chave: Malformações congênitas. Sentimentos. Equipe multiprofissional.

Bien que la discrimination soit devenue illégale et immorale, les recherches ont montré que les comportements discriminatoires subsistent, parfois en se manifestant de manière subtile. Cependant, les processus impliqués dans ces effets sont encore mal connus. En s’appuyant sur une conception émotionnelle du préjugé (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), l’objectif général de ce travail de thèse était d’investiguer le rôle causal des émotions dans l’émission des comportements discriminatoires, que ce soit au niveau du ressenti émotionnel subjectif mais surtout, au niveau des réactions émotionnelles plus subtiles. La première étude a d’abord montré que les émotions déclarées de colère, de peur et de dégoût médiatisent le lien entre la menace représentée par l’exogroupe et le comportement déclaré envers celui-ci. Au-delà du ressenti émotionnel subjectif, nous émettions l’hypothèse que les premiers instants de la perception de l’exogroupe suffisent à déclencher des réactions émotionnelles (i.e., tendances comportementales), ces dernières entrainant la mise en place d’un comportement discriminatoire involontaire. En s’appuyant sur une organisation en chaine causale expérimentale, les études 3 à 6 ont tout d’abord montré que les tendances comportementales précoces sont déclenchées à partir de l’émotion majoritaire évoquée par l’exogroupe. Les études 7 et 8, en revanche, ne confirment pas le rôle causal des tendances comportementales dans la mise en place des comportements discriminatoires involontaires. Dans l’ensemble, ce travail de recherche apporte des éléments de preuve concernant l’implication précoce des émotions dans le processus de discrimination mais ne permet pas de valider leur rôle médiateur. / Although discrimination is considered illegal and immoral, research has shown that discriminatory behaviors remained present, particularly through subtle behaviors. However, the processes underlying these effects are not clearly understood. Building on an emotional approach of prejudice (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the causal role of emotions in discriminatory behaviors. The role of emotions was investigated here at the level of subjective feeling but also at the level of more subtle emotional reactions. Study 1 first showed that reported emotions of anger, fear and disgust mediated the link between the perceived threat associated to a social group and the behavior reported toward this group. Beyond subjective feelings, we hypothesized that the perception of an outgroup triggers early emotional reactions (i.e., behavioral tendencies), resulting in unintentional discriminatory behaviors. Consistent with our hypotheses, Studies 3-6 first showed that emotions evoked by the outgroup trigger related early behavioral tendencies. However, Studies 7 and 8 do not support the causal role of early behavioral tendencies in discriminatory behaviors. Overall, our findings provide evidence of early involvement of emotions in the discrimination process but do not support their mediating role.

Bakgrund: Delirium är ett vanligt förekommande tillstånd inom somatisk vård. År 2016 var 85 % av patienterna som diagnosticerades med delirium i Sverige 70 år eller äldre. Det finns många olika faktorer som bidrar till uppkomsten av delirium, bland annat hög ålder, hypertoni, att genomgå kirurgi, tidigare hjärtsjukdom eller stroke och kognitiva nedsättningar.  Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka patienters upplevelse av delirium. Metod: En litteraturstudie där resultatet grundas på tio kvalitativa originalartiklar med intervjustudie som metod. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna PubMED, CINAHL och PsycINFO. Resultat: Fyra huvudkategorier framkom vid granskning av resultatet; Upplevelser av en förändrad verklighet, Upplevelser av starka känslor, Upplevelser av att minnas tillbaka och Upplevelser av bemötande. Patienterna beskrev starka känslor av rädsla, oro och ilska i samband med delirium. Känslor av isolering och otrygghet förekom när patienternas verklighetsuppfattning var nedsatt. Rädsla kunde uttryckas genom aggressivitet vilket kan bidra till stigmatisering och försvårande omständigheter för patienten. Lugn, närvaro och säkerhet hos sjuksköterskan ingav patienterna trygghet. Att minnas tillbaka på delirium orsakade känslor av skam, skuld och ånger. Några förnekade att de haft delirium medan andra uppskattade att samtala om sina upplevelser. Sjuksköterskans kompetens hade stor betydelse för patienternas upplevelser av bemötande. Slutsats: Upplevelsen av delirium är individuell. Att bli bekräftad och sedd som en unik individ beskrevs av patienterna leda till ökat välbefinnande. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att informera och stötta patienten för att minska stigmatisering och lidande. Det är också betydelsefullt att sjuksköterskan behandlar patienternas upplevelser med respekt. / Background: Delirium is a common condition within somatic care. In 2016 85 % of patients diagnosed with delirium in Sweden were 70 years of age or older. There are many different factors that contribute to the onset of delirium, including high age, hypertension, undergoing surgery, previous heart disease orr stroke and cognitive impairments. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore patients’ experiences of delirium. Method: A literature study where the result is based on ten qualitative original articles with interviews as a method. The articles were searched in the databases PubMED, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Results: Four main categories emerged when reviewing the results; Experiences of a Changed Reality, Experiences of Strong Emotions, Remains of Remembrance and Experiences of Personal Treatment. Patients described strong feelings of fear, concern and anger associated with delirium. Feelings of isolation and insecurity occurred when the patient's perception of reality was reduced. Fear could be expressed through aggressiveness, which could contribute to stigmatization and aggravating circumstances for the patient. The calm, presence and safety of the nurse provided patients with security. Recalling delirium caused feelings of shame, guilt and regret. Some denied that they had delirium while others appreciated talking about their experiences. Nursing skills were of great importance to the patient's experiences of treatment. Conclusion: The experience of delirium is individual. Becoming confirmed and seen as a unique individual was described by patients leading to increased well-being. The nurse has an important role in informing and supporting the patient to reduce stigmatization and suffering. It is also important that the nurse treats the patient's experiences with respect.

This thesis investigates women's feelings on being subjected to piropos (catcalling) in their everyday lives. Through interviews with four Cuban women living in Havana, I analyse women's experiences of piropos through a phenomenological lens and through speech theory, investigating how norms surrounding sexualities and gender are materialised in and between language, bodies and spaces. I also investigate which acts of resistance and defence mechanisms my interviewees employ in order to cope with piropos. The first part of the analysis investigates the gendered dimensions of piropos, discussing how it constitutes gendered subject positions while enforcing gender inequality. My interviewees describe how being subjected to piropos makes them feel more feminine and links the occurrence of piropos directly to their self-esteem. They also describe how the occurrence of piropos conditions their possibility to move freely around the city. In the second part of the analysis I look at piropos as a heterosexual game in which different rules apply depending on gender. Lastly, this thesis focuses on my interviewees' accounts of resistance by analysing silence as well as verbal responses to piropos as a way of breaking the rules of the heterosexual game.

Vaka är ett omvårdnadsvetenskapligt begrepp och beskrivs ha en central del i sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete, likaså har vaka en central del i rollen som närstående till en svårt sjuk anhörig. Vaka behöver synliggöras inom omvårdnad då det råder oklarheter kring begreppets djupa innebörd. Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att belysa vad vaka är för närstående inom omvårdnad. Studien designades som en allmän litteraturstudie, där resultatet baserats på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. I litteraturstudien har hermeneutiskt inspirerade frågeställningar använts, vilka skapar utgångspunkter för att på ett djupare plan förstå mänskligt handlande. Frågeställningarna bidrog till en kategorisering av resultaten ur de vetenskapliga artiklarna, där följande kategorier identifierades: Känslor, som utformat en huvudkategori som vidare mynnade ut i tre subkategorier. Subkategorierna benämns: Beskydd, Engagemang och Livsstilsanpassningar. Beskydd och Engagemang framkom som ett sätt för närstående att vidmakthålla vakan, Livsstilsanpassningar beskrevs oundvikligt uppstå som ett resultat av den eviga vakan. Ytterligare behov finns av kompletterande forskning kring det djupt känslomässiga engagemang som präglar en närståendes vaka. Genom att lyfta fram begreppet vaka och söka förståelse för vad vaka är för närstående kan förutsättningar och omvårdnadsåtgärder för närståendes vaka skapas. / Vigilance is a term in nursing science that plays a central part in nursing profession, but is equally as central for the affected family. Vigilance needs to be made visible as there occurs vagueness about the deep meaning of the term. The aim of this literature study was to highlight what family vigilance means in nursing tradition. The study was designed as a general literature study, where nine scientific articles with qualitative assumptions form the basis for the outcome. Hermeneutically inspired questions have been used, to generate a deep understanding about human actions. The questions contributed to a categorization of the results from the included articles, and emerged as: Feelings, which formed a main category that further formed three subcategories. The subcategories were entitled as: Protection, Commitment and Lifestyle adjustments. Protection and Commitment emerged as a way for the family to maintain their vigilance. Lifestyle adjustments arose as an inevitable result of the eternal vigilance. A further need regarding complementary research exist, concerning the deep and emotional meaning of family vigilance. By highlighting vigilance and seek understanding about the meaning of the phenomenon for the family, nursing diagnoses can be created.

En esta etnografía se examina la (re)producción del poder del Estado peruano en el tejido de la vida cotidiana en la cuenca media del Inambari, Puno. Propongo que el enfoque en los llamados «efectos del Estado», tanto reales como imaginarios, permite localizar e identificar el poder del Estado peruano en este contexto. Por otro lado, se exploran los efectos sociales de la convergencia de dos proyectos de infraestructura que son a su vez producto de la integra­ción del Perú en la economía global neoliberal, y planteo que dicha convergencia genera un entorno social plagado de expectativas, ansiedad, optimismo y miedo / This ethnography examines the (re)production of the Peruvian state’s power in the fabric of the everyday in the Inambari valley, located in Puno. I argue that focusing on both real and imaginary ‘State-effects’ provides us with a way of tracing the Peruvian state’s power in this context. Further, I examine the social effects of the convergence of two infrastructural projects, both geared towards global, neo-liberal integration, arguing that this convergence led to the creation of a social milieu fraught with feelings of expectation, anxiety, optimism and fear.

Bakgrund: Varje timme får en kvinna i Sverige en bröstcancerdiagnos, det är den vanligaste förekommande cancersjukdomen hos kvinnor. Vid diagnostiserad bröstcancer finns det olika behandlingsmetoder, ofta kombineras flera metoder för att få bästa resultat. Vilken eller vilka behandlingar som ordineras är beroende av vilken typ av bröstcancer kvinnan har och i vilket stadium cancern är i då den upptäcks. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med bröstcancer. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats har genomförts. De 21 kvalitativa studierna som låg till grund för resultatet analyserades enligt Fribergs femstegsanalys. Resultat: Vid analys av studierna framstod kategorierna “kvinnornas känslor kring bröstcancer” och “stödets betydelse för kvinnor med bröstcancer”. Slutsats: Sammanfattningsvis bidrar arbetet till en utökad förståelse och medvetenhet om kvinnor som drabbas av bröstcancer och belyser kvinnors subjektiva känslor, upplevelser och uppfattningar av att leva med bröstcancer. Det är viktigt att sjukvårdspersonal stöttar kvinnorna under bröstcancerförloppet, genom att bemöta kvinnorna med öppenhet, lyhördhet och förmedla tydlig information. / Background: Every hour a woman in Sweden gets a cancer diagnosis, which is the most common cancer diagnosis among women. When you get diagnosed with breast cancer there are different methods for treatment, and they are often combined with multiple methods for the best result. Which treatments that are used depends on what type and stage the breast cancer is in when it’s discovered. Aim: The aim was to describe women's experience of living with breast cancer. Method: A qualitative literature review with an inductive approach was done and 21 articles has been compiled in the result and analyzed according to Fribergs five step analysis. Results: When analyzing the studies, the categories “women’s feelings about breast cancer” and “the importance of support for women with breast cancer” emerged. Conclusion: The conclusion highlights an expanded understanding and awareness of women suffering from breast cancer and women's subjective feelings, experiences and perceptions of living with breast cancer. It is important that healthcare professionals support women during the breast cancer progress, by treating women with openness, responsiveness and conveying clear information.