Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Department of Psychology Richard Lukáš Psychology students' attitudes towards adoption of children by same-sex couples (Master Thesis) Consultant: PhDr. Lenka Krejčová, Ph.D. Praha 2018 Abstract: Same-sex parenting (homoparentality) is new, yet still not well explored phenomena in Czech Republic. Purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes of Czech psychology students (N=337) to homoparentality. The vignettes, i.e. model stories describing the situation of a couple preparing to adopt a child, were used. The sexual orientation of the couple and child's gender varied. After reading one of the six versions of the vignette, participants assessed the parental competences and child's future development after adoption. The factor analysis of dependent variables was performed with 8 scales as a result. Independent variables were traditional and modern homophobia, beliefs about etiology of homosexuality, gender roles attitudes etc. Results indicate that students view homoparentality rather positively. However, the homoparental and heteroparental families were rated differently. The participants were more concerned about normative sexual development and victimization of children from homoparental families. On the other hand, children from heteroparental families...

This essay will discuss gender in Pride and Prejudice, the timeless work by Jane Austen. It also discusses how a teacher might approach the subject of gender roles in a classroom environment based on a reading project featuring Pride and Prejudice. The different theories will include theories regarding gender as a social concept, gender roles and pedagogical implications. This essay argues that the gender roles in Pride and Prejudice can be used in an EFL classroom to increase students' awareness of gender and gender roles.

El propósito de este artículo fue documentar algunos de los hallazgos teóricos desarrollados en torno a la igualdad de género, la escuela y la educación religiosa en los últimos diez años. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un proceso de selección sistematizada de fuentes, que recopiló 38 artículos publicados entre los años 2010 y 2020. Los resultados revelan que se comparte un concepto discursivo a favor de la igualdad de género, independientemente del contexto social y cultural al que pertenecen las poblaciones de estudio en los artículos analizados. Así mismo, se halló que este discurso se contradice al seguir manteniendo actitudes y prácticas que refuerzan y perpetúan los roles tradicionales asociados a la masculinidad y a la femineidad. La evidencia muestra que este escenario es recurrente cuando el grupo de estudio se encuentra fuertemente ligado a la religión. Por otro lado, las investigaciones estudiadas muestran que los sistemas educativos homogenizan y normalizan a los estudiantes en un modelo de género, y que algunas actitudes de discriminación basadas en el sexo todavía prosperan en las aulas, las familias y la sociedad. A partir de esta investigación, se abren algunas líneas de estudio importantes, como averiguar si la educación religiosa influye en la actitud de los estudiantes frente a la igualdad de género. / The main purpose of this article was to document some of the theoretical findings developed around gender equality, school, and religious education in the last ten years. To this end, a systematized source choice process was carried out, which collected 38 articles published between 2010 and 2020. The results reveal that a discursive concept in favor of gender equality is shared, regardless of the social and cultural context to which the populations of study belong in the articles analyzed. It was also found that this discourse contradicts itself by continuing to keep attitudes and practices that reinforce and perpetuate the traditional roles associated with masculinity and femininity. The evidence shows that this scenario is recurrent when the study group is strongly linked to religion. On the other hand, research shows that education systems homogenize and normalize students into a gender model, and that some gender-based discriminatory attitudes still thrive in classrooms, families, and society. From this research, some important lines of study are opened, such as whether religious education influences the attitude of students towards gender equality. / Trabajo de investigación

En Perú los roles y estereotipos de género se presentan en diversas industrias, la publicitaria no es la excepción. Son escasas las mujeres que trabajan en el área creativa y son muchas menos aquellas que ocupan un puesto directivo. Esto demuestra que la conformación de las organizaciones publicitarias y sus áreas siguen dependiendo más del género que de las capacidades de cada una. Analizar dicho fenómeno es importante para visibilizar los problemas que se presentan en una industria tan importante para una sociedad como la publicitaria, contar con ambos géneros trabajando en cada área podría generar mejores y más equitativos mensajes publicitarios que empaticen con todos y todas las ciudadanas. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo se busca analizar cómo los roles de género impactan en la conformación de las organizaciones publicitarias peruanas en las agencias Circus Grey y Publicis Groupe. Se realizará una metodología con enfoque mixto para analizar aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos con respecto al área laboral de ambas agencias publicitarias. / In Peru, gender roles and stereotypes are presented in various work industries, the advertising industry isn't an exception. Few women work in the creative area and are much less who occupy a management position. It is as if the formation of advertising organizations and their areas depended on more gender than the capacities of each. Analyze such phenomenon is important to visibility the problems that arise in an industry as important for a society as advertising, have both genders working in each area could produced better and more equal marketing messages that can empathize with all citizens. For this reason, in the present work will be analysed the impact of the gender roles in the shaping of peruvian advertising organizations Circus Grey and Publicis Groupe. Will be made a mixed approach methodology to analyze quantitative and qualitative aspects with regard to work area of both advertising agencies. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of this study is to highlight inequality among elderly. The study increase the understanding of poverty and financial vulnerability in elderlies life. This study describes what their living conditions look like for themselves and what their financial situation can have in their everyday lives and consequences. The aim is to understand the patterns and paths that lead to financial vulnerability in retirement. Seven retired people in the age between 65-80 years were interviewed. The result shows that there are large differences in income between men and women when retired. Some of the main reasons for this are that the women have worked unpaid by living as housewives and taking a bigger responsibility for children and the home. The unpaid work has had an impact on the income when retired and affected their living conditions. The majority of the respondents answer that planning and limitations are needed to cope up with everyday life as retired person. Some of the respondents have to continue to work extra after retirement to succeed financially. Generally the finances of the elderly are worse after retirement than before and this has negative consequences, it will not get better when they are retired as many of them thought, but they still manage to get their lives to work out even if they have limitations in their everyday life. Gender, individualization and social exclusion are used to analyze the results in the essay.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka upplevda förväntningar för de två biologiska könen bland gymnasieelever. Syftet preciseras i tre frågeställningar vilka behandlar om och hur dessa förväntningar tar sig uttryck samt hanteringsstrategier och konsekvenser kopplade till dessa. För att undersöka detta genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med gymnasieelever från tre olika län och tre olika inriktningar. Resultatet analyserades via en tematisk analys och mynnade ut i totalt åtta teman och 15 subteman vilka visade att de förväntningar som upplevdes bland eleverna kunde kategoriseras upp i beteende, utseende och känslomässiga förväntningar. Hanteringsstrategierna handlade om antingen anpassning eller normbrytande och i vissa fall båda två. Konsekvenserna innebar bland flera individer ett försämrat mående och oförmågan till att kunna vara sig själva. I diskussionen presenteras sammanfattningen att gymnasieflickor upplevs behöva vara tillgängliga för pojkarna på flera olika plan, samt den heteronormativitet som tydligt existerade bland gymnasiepojkarna. Studien kan hjälpa till att ge en förståelse för unga människors agerande och mående med könsrollsanknutna förväntningar som utgångspunkt.

<p>This dissertation examines the negotiations between narrative, identity, and place in the fictional works of three major contemporary Muslim women descendants of Arab immigrants: Leila Houari, Faiza Guène, and Mohja Kahf. The study focuses on four novels: <i>Zeida de nulle part, Kiffe kiffe demain</i>, <i>Du rêve pour les oufs</i>, and <i>The Girl with The Tangerine Scarf</i>. </p><p><br></p> <p>Two key questions structure my examination of the four novels: 1) How do Muslim women living in a non-Muslim society construct and negotiate their individual and collective identities?; 2) To what extent does their experience of space (domestic, public, national) shape their perceptions of self? These questions form a foundation for better understanding the experience of Muslim women living in predominantly non-Muslim societies. I must emphasize, however, that this is in no way a representation of all Muslim women living in majoritarian non-Muslim societies and in no way can summarize each and every experience. If anything, the dissertation provides an account of diverse sets of experiences of what some may encounter, rather than a collective static representation. </p><p><br></p> <p>By doing so, this study aims to decrease the dissonance between the different viewpoints of the women characters in these novels by highlighting their experiences and subjecting certain misconceptions to critical scrutiny. The dissertation relies on an interdisciplinary approach, as it integrates different theories and concepts ranging from cognitive science, postcolonial studies, literary studies, psychology, and religious studies.</p> <br> <p> </p>

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur könsrollerna i fritidshemmet formas och upprätthålls men även hur de bryts. Forskningsfrågorna vi utgår från handlar om pojkar och flickors val utifrån ett genusperspektiv samt förändringar som uppstår när barn bryter könsroller kopplat till fria lekar och fritidsaktiviteter. För att besvara dessa frågor har vi genomfört observationer på en skolas fritidshems och deras inomhus- och utomhusmiljö. Analyseringen av det insamlade materialet har genomförts utifrån de teoretiska perspektiven socialisation och genus. Vår studies resultat visar att det finns skillnader mellan pojkar och flickor utifrån könsroller som är stereotypiska i elevernas val av aktiviteter. När det kommer till likheter i val av aktiviteter mellan pojkar och flickor, upptäckte vi det i en fri lek. Ett oväntat resultat som visar att både pojkar och flickor tycker om låtsaslek, dock är det deras roller i leken som skiljer mellan könen. Utifrån förändringar som uppstod när barn bryter könsroller, märkte vi att det beror på en sammanstötning mellan barns egna val och stereotypiska uppfattningar om deras kön. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how gender roles in the after-school environment are shaped and maintained but also how they fluctuate. The research questions we've picked are based on boys and girls choices from a gender perspective as well as changes that occur when children break gender roles linked to free play and leisure activities. In order to observe this theme, we have conducted observation in after-schools indoor and outdoor environments. Analysis of the collected material has been carried out on the basis of socialization and gender concepts. Our study's results show that there are differences between boys and girls based on gender roles that are stereotypical in the choice of activities. When it comes to similarities in choosing activities between boys and girls, we discovered those in a free play setting. An unexpected result that shows that both boys and girls enjoy free play, however it is the content of their roles in the play that differentiates the sexes. Based on changes that occurred when children break gender roles, we discovered that these are due to clashes between children's choices and stereotypical perceptions about their gender.

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Denna uppsats syftar att undersöka hur yrkesprogrammen på gymnasieskolan förhåller sig till olika könsnormer på individnivå. En kvalitativ intervjustudie används för att ge en personlig inblick hur individer reflekterar över sin gymnasietid utifrån könsnormer, valprocessen och studie- och karriärvägledares påverkan. Genom att tillämpa teorier från Linda Gottfredson och Erving Goffman kopplas dessa till individers begränsningar, kompromisser och självuppfattning samt de olika rollerna en tar i en grupp eller i en klass. Vi har sett hur könsnormer ser ut och hur dessa påverkar en individ. Resultaten visar att alla har lagt märke till könsnormer på de olika yrkesprogrammen. Könsnormer finns i gymnasieskolan och visar sig på olika sätt. Studien ger insikt i hur olika teorier kan användas för att analysera och problematisera olika normer i gymnasieskolan. / This essay aims to investigate how the vocational programs in upper secondary school relate to different gender norms at the individual level. A qualitative interview study is used to provide a personal insight into how individuals reflect on their upper secondary school years based on gender norms, the selection process and the influence of a study and career counselor. By applying theories from Linda Gottfredson and Erving Goffman, these are linked to individuals' limitations, compromises, and self-perception as well as the different roles in a group or in a class. We have seen what gender norms look like and how those affect individuals. The results show that everyone has noticed gender norms in the various vocational programs. Gender norms exist in upper secondary school and manifest themselves in different ways. The study provides insight into how different theories can be used to analyze and problematize different norms in upper secondary school.