In this thesis high-statistics π⁻π⁻ and π⁺π⁺ femtoscopy data are presented for Au+Au collisions at √sNN =2.4 GeV, measured with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer HADES located at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI.Due to space-momentum correlations the technique of intensity interferometry allows only to measure regions of homogeneity where pairs of particles with certain momentum origin. The determination of the space-time extent of the corresponding emission sources is then only possible via a comparison to models.The purpose of this thesis is to provide a multi-differential data set as input for such models and calculations, to draw conclusions from the total spatial and temporal extension of the pion emitting source. More than two billion events of the 45 % most central collisions are analysed. A complex data-driven pair cut is established to account for the close-track deficits in the non-trivial hexagonal geometry of the HADES setup. The correlation function is studied in the longitudinally co-moving system using the Bertsch-Pratt parametrisation. The region of homogeneity, parametrised as three-dimensional Gaussian distribution, is studied in dependence on pair transverse momentum, rapidity, azimuthal emission angle with respect to the event plane, collision centrality, and beam energy. For all centralities and transverse momenta, a geometrical distribution of ellipsoidal shape is found in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction with the larger extension perpendicular to the reaction plane. For large transverse momenta, the corresponding eccentricity approaches the initial eccentricity. The eccentricity is smallest for most central collisions, where the shape is almost circular.Furthermore, a tilt of the source w.r.t. the beam axis is found.The magnitude of the tilt angle of the emission ellipsoid in the reaction plane decreases with increasing centrality and increasing transverse momentum. All source radii increase with centrality, largely exhibiting a linear rise with the cubic root of the number of participants. A substantial charge-sign difference of the source radii is found, appearing most pronounced at low transverse momentum, which is addressed to the central Coulomb potential generated by the electrical charge of the participating nucleons in the collision. The extracted source parameters agree well with a smooth extrapolation of the center-of-mass energy dependence established at higher energies, extending the corresponding excitation functions down towards a very low energy. / In dieser Arbeit werden femtoskopische π⁻π⁻- und π⁺π⁺-Daten mit hoher Statistik präsentiert, welche in Kollisionen von Au+Au bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von √sNN =2.4 GeV pro Nukleonpaar mithilfe von HADES (Zwei-Elektronen Spektrometer mit hoher Akzeptanz) am Schwerionen-Synchrotron an der GSI gemessen wurden. Aufgrund von Orts-Impuls-Korrelationen können mittels der Methode der Intensitäts-Interferometry nur Homogenitätsbereiche gemessen werden, aus welchen Teilchenpaare mit bestimmten Impuls entspringen. Die Bestimmung der raum-zeitlichen Ausdehnung der entsprechenden Emissionsquelle ist dann nur über die Hinzunahme von Modellvergleichen möglich. Die Absicht dieser Arbeit ist es, einen multi-differenziellen Daten-Satz zur Verfügung zustellen, welcher als Eingabe für solche Modelle und Rechnungen genutzt werden kann, um dann Rückschlüsse auf die absolute räumliche und zeitliche Ausdehnung der Pionen-emittierenden Quelle ziehen zu können. Mehr als zwei Milliarden Ereignisse der 45 % zentralsten Kollisionen werden analysiert. Eine komplexe Daten-basierende Paarselektion wird eingeführt, um die Verluste nah beieinander verlaufender Teilchenspuren innerhalb des nicht-trivialen hexa-geometrischen HADES-Aufbaus zu berücksichtigen. Die Korrelationsfunktion wird im longitudinal mitbewegten Inertialsystem in Bertsch-Pratt-Parametrisierung untersucht. Der als dreidimensionales Ellipsoid parametrisierte Homogenitätsbereich wird in Abhängigkeit von Transversalimpuls, azimuthalem Emissionswinkel relativ zur Reaktionsebene und Rapidität des Paares sowie Zentralität der Kollision und der Strahlenergie untersucht. In allen Zentralitäts- und Transversalimpulsbereichen wird eine geometrische Verteilung mit elliptischer Form innerhalb der auf die Strahlachse bezogenen transversalen Ebene beobachtet, wobei die größte Ausdehnung senkrecht zur Reaktionsebene zeigt. Für große Transversalimpulse stimmt die zugehörige Exzentrizität mit derjenigen der initialen Nukleonenverteilung überein. Die Exzentrizität ist am kleinsten für die zentralsten Kollisionen, bei denen eine fast kreisrunde Form beobachtet wird. Des Weiteren ist eine Neigung der Emissionsquelle relativ zur Strahlachse feststellbar. Der Wert des Neigungswinkels des Ellipsoids innerhalb der Reaktionsebene verringert sich mit zunehmend zentraleren Kollisionen und steigendem Transversalimpuls. Alle Quellradien werden größer mit zunehmender Zentralität und zeigen einen nahezu linearen Anstieg mit der Kubikwurzel der Anzahl der Partizipanten. Ein beträchtlicher Unterschied der Quellradien bezogen auf das Ladungsvorzeichen der Pionen wird beobachtet, welcher am prägnantesten bei kleinen Transversalim\-pulsen auftritt. Dieser wird dem zentralem Coulomb-Potential zugeschrieben, welches durch die elektrische Ladung der an der Kollision teilnehmenden Nukleonen generiert wird. Die extrahierten Quellparameter stimmen gut mit glatten Extrapolationen der Schwerpunktsenergie-Abhängigkeit überein, welche bei höheren Strahlenergien fixiert wurden, und erweitern diese hinab bis zu sehr kleinen Energien.

This work investigates the compact- and TCAD modeling of III-V semiconductor based HBTs for high-power and high-speed applications. It demonstrates an approach for modeling such devices that connects compact- and TCAD modeling of such technologies. Compact model extensions are derived based on TCAD simulation. Compact modeling results for two state-of-the-art technologies are presented.:1. Introduction 2. Physical Models for TCAD Simulation 3. Bulk Calibration of Augmented Drift-Diffusion Solver 4. Device Calibration of aDD Solver 5. Application of the GICCR to III-V HBTs 6. Verification of the HICUM/L2 Model Core 7. Model Application to TSC250 InP/InGaAs HBT 8. Model Application to ETH InP/GaAsSb HBT 9. Conclusion and Outlook

The aim of this study was to examine normative conceptions based on sexuality, gender and western context in the Swedish migration office’s (Migrationsverket) documents concerning LGBT asylum seekers. The study is conducted by a norm-critical approach and intersectional perspectives. The study consists of a discourse analysis based on Judith Butler’s theory about the heterosexual matrix and performativity, as well as Stuart Hall’s theory about the West and the Rest. Our data consists of policy documents regarding LGBT asylum administration. When analysing the documents, we found that they are based on heteronormative assumptions and western perspectives. Besides being based on heteronormative assumptions and western perspectives, we found that the documents occasionally contains of a series of contradictive aspects on LGBT related asylum cases.

The objective of this research is to optimize silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) BiCMOS analog circuit building blocks for operation in extreme environments utilizing design techniques. First, negative feedback effects on single-event transient (SET) in SiGe HBT analog circuits were investigated. In order to study the role of internal and external negative feedback effects on SET in circuits, two different types of current mirrors (a basic common-emitter current mirror and a Wilson current mirror) were fabricated using a SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology and exposed to laser-induced single events. The SET measurements were performed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory using a two-photon absorption (TPA) pulsed laser. The measured data showed that negative feedback improved SET response in the analog circuits; the highest peak output transient current was reduced by more than 50%, and the settling time of the output current upon a TPA laser strike was shortened with negative feedback. This proven negative feedback radiation hardening technique was applied later in the high-speed 5-bit flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for receiver chains of radar systems to improve SET response of the system.

<p>Forskning visar att homo- och bisexuella utsätts för diskriminering och att dessa har en nedsatt psykisk hälsa jämfört med heterosexuella. Endast fåtalet studier, specifikt om bi- och homosexuella kvinnor, existerar. Denna studie är en beskrivning av unga homo- och bisexuella kvinnors upplevelse av sin livssituation med avseende på bland annat bemötanden från samhället vilka stundtals är negativa och den mentala hälsan vilken i allmänhet upplevs som god även om samhällets heteronormativitet är påfrestande. Data hämtades ur enskilda intervjuer med fem respektive fyra homo- och bisexuella kvinnor och analyserades kvalitativt genom systematisk sortering i kategorier. Fortsatt forskning, med bredare grupper av homo- och bisexuella kvinnor, behövs vilket kan leda till minskad heteronormativitet och homofobi som i sin tur borde medföra en förbättrad hälsa för populationen.</p>

LGBT people, in Uganda, have since the colonial time been in a vulnerable situation. When the President signed the “Anti-Homosexuality Act” into law 2014 all forms of same-sex relationships became criminalized. The time after the law passed have been characterized by an increased homophobia and further violence against LGBT people. These are seen as deviants since they do not live according to the social norms, that the right thing to be is heterosexual. They are considered “non-African” and by some an “infectious agent” that will destroy the traditional African family, which is one of society’s most important functions. Except from the fact that LGBT people are persecuted and mistreated they are also denied access to health care and information. The purpose of this study is to explain LGBT persons’ situation and rights in Uganda, mainly based on the “Anti-Homosexuality Act”. This law is reviewed against the ratified conventions, charters and similar laws. This is then related to the theory of heteronormativity, which seems to dominate the Ugandan society. The used methods are case study and conceptual analysis, that provided a deeper and surveying understanding of what this study intended to process.

Our thesis is an analysis of four librarians view on LGBTQ and which implications these views have on the practical work with LGBTQ issues in the public library. The three ideal types we can identify are the excluding, the including, and the normcritical approach. We also want to know if the four librarians’ standpoints can be connected to the above mentioned ideal types. We can see that the area where the implementations of the three ideal types are most visible is the way LGBTQ material is displayed in the library space. An example of this is whether the library chooses to have a special LGBTQ shelf or not. Public libraries in Sweden are supposed to serve all patrons. In order to do so it is critical for the users who define themselves as LGBTQ to be able to find literature that reflect their identity. Novels with a LGBTQ-theme are hard to find in public libraries. We have come to the conclusion that education of the staff, whether longer or shorter, can make big difference in the library. / Program: Bibliotekarie

This master thesis aims to examine the process of indexing fiction when it comes to area of sexuality and gender identity. The empiric work that forms the basis of the thesis are three investigations:(a) examining the current status of indexing fiction within the catalogues of six Swedish medium-sized libraries;(b) interviewing librarians who allocate the subject headings; and(c) an analysis of the Swedish subject heading system Att indexera skönlitteratur.This will be concluded with an analysis of the gathered material through queer theoretic standpoint with the help of critical classification and its inclusion through separation, and marginalization where subjects that differs from the norm is included but only by being separated from the norm, or ignored totally. This will show that there are similarities with how different groups get treated within the classification systems and how they are treated in subject heading indexing. An example of this in Att indexera skönlitteratur is that heterosexuality never is mentioned in the subject heading but is always present as the silent norm, while gender identity is marginalized through exclusion of the subject heading, and related words are instead being included under sexual identity. / Uppsatsnivå: D

This Master’s Thesis examines the subject indexing of all Swedish gay fiction published from year 2000 until 2007. This is done from a queer theoretical- and domain analytical perspective. The study is conducted in the catalogue BURKsök created by BTJ which is the largest library media company in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to examine the heterosexual norm in fiction indexing and to study to what extent gay fiction is to be found by subject. Asking research questions about the vocabulary available in the subjects headings list used by BTJ, the description of gay fiction in BURK-sök and the influences this has on the indexing of gay fiction in Swedish public libraries. A quantitative study is conducted by gathering and analysing the subject headings given gay fiction in BURK-sök and a random selection of public libraries using their service. Results show that the indexing of gay fiction in BURK-sök to a large extent do not describe the gay-theme of the book and that the libraries that buy their subject headings from BTJ most often do not change the headings. The study concludes that there is a heterosexual norm in fiction indexing and that this has a negative effect on the retrieval of gay fiction by subject. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Hälsoläget hos HBT-personer (homo-, och bisexuella och transpersoner) är generellt sett sämre än den övriga befolkningen, vilket relateras till diskriminering, utsatthet, och rådande normsystem i samhället, som benämns hetero- respektive cisnormativitet. Dessa yttrar sig bland annat genom att människor antas och förväntas vara heterosexuella, respektive förutsätts ha en könsidentitet som överensstämmer med deras kroppsliga kön. I vården kan detta medföra bemötande- och kunskapsproblem då vårdpersonal möter HBT-personer. Att uppfylla de mål som föreskrivs i hälso- och sjukvårdslagen samt att efterkomma Diskrimineringslagen försvåras härigenom. Forskning visar att många HBT-personer upplever sig diskriminerade och kränkta i sina kontakter med vården, vidare framkommer i studier att det finns en okunnighet i vården om hur ett gott bemötande ser ut för HBT-patienter. För att en förändring ska kunna komma till stånd i vården är det av vikt att få kunskap om hur HBT-patienter upplever bemötandet i vården. Syftet med uppsatsen var att belysa HBT-patienters upplevelser av bemötande i vården. För att få en ökad förståelse av fenomenet valdes att genomföra en litteraturstudie med analys av kvalitativa artiklar. Analysen gav tre huvudteman: Nekad sin identitet; Sedd som individ; och Okunskap och oförståelse. HBT-patienter kunde uppleva hur vårdpersonal bemötte dom på ett respektlöst sätt; vidare hur deras sociala sammanhang, sexualitet respektive könsidentitet avfärdades; likaså hade de upplevelser av att förfrämligas; de upplevde även att de sågs som onormala. HBT-patienter hade också positiva upplevelser, de kände hur vårdpersonal bemötte dem med hänsyn, bekräftelse och intresse. Upplevelser av okunskap och oförståelse, som yttrade sig i cis- och heteronormativa antaganden; ointresse och ovilja att lära; samt obekvämhet, osäkerhet och oförbereddhet, var även påtagliga. Ämnen som diskuteras är bland annat bekräftelsens betydelse för människan, och dess centrala funktion i vårdrelationen, samt behovet av ökad HBT-kunskap och medvetenhet. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning