<p>The purpose with this report is to illuminate the construction solutions and the deformations that could exist in medieval parish stone churches. But also to increase the writers understanding how activity forces effect the construction of the churches. With help from literature and a practical study, containing three churches the writers have collected the material that the conclusions and discussions are built upon in this report. </p><p>The construction of the churches consists of three parts, the wall, the roof and the vault. The construction solutions are similar in the churches disregard of the roof, where the roof trusses are different. The roof trusses are yet typical for the roman style. The deformations that have been found can in most cases be could usual occurring in these old churches the writers chosen to study, the needs to repairmen are today not necessary. Yet the writers think that there are deformations that should be study more thorough, to derive the origin and take suitable measure. The writers think that the deformations that effect the constructions have most of their origin in some rebuilding and lost knowledge of old building engineering.</p>

I uppsatsen görs en kartläggande undersökning av den koreanska kristna minoriteten i Stockholm. Undersökningen är byggd på intervjuer av pastorer i de olika församlingarna. Deras svar har sedan jämförts med undersökningar av koreanska kristna församlingar i USA.  Uppsatsens slutsats är att den koreanska kristna minoriteten i Stockholm är ett eget fenomen som i mycket skiljer sig från koreanska kristna församlingar i USA. De huvudsakliga skillnaderna är att församlingarna inte har lika stor roll som språk och kulturförmedlare samt att kvinnor verkar ha större inflytande.

The purpose with this report is to illuminate the construction solutions and the deformations that could exist in medieval parish stone churches. But also to increase the writers understanding how activity forces effect the construction of the churches. With help from literature and a practical study, containing three churches the writers have collected the material that the conclusions and discussions are built upon in this report. The construction of the churches consists of three parts, the wall, the roof and the vault. The construction solutions are similar in the churches disregard of the roof, where the roof trusses are different. The roof trusses are yet typical for the roman style. The deformations that have been found can in most cases be could usual occurring in these old churches the writers chosen to study, the needs to repairmen are today not necessary. Yet the writers think that there are deformations that should be study more thorough, to derive the origin and take suitable measure. The writers think that the deformations that effect the constructions have most of their origin in some rebuilding and lost knowledge of old building engineering.

In this study the medieval re-use of early Christian grave monuments and runestones in church buildings in the Swedish region of Östergötland is analysed in relation to contemporary church imagery and practices. Analysis of the practice show differences in application, especially during the early parts of the medieval period, which suggests differences in meaning. Although no single reason can explain the practice, the re-use of the monuments during the early medieval period is, in several cases, understood as different ways for the local elite to increase their social standing and for the Church to legitimise their new role as centre for social gatherings. During the later parts of the period the practice seems to be more standardised and may have become a local variation of the Church´s broader practice to re-use spolia.

Många församlingar har stora kyrkor som är dyra för församlingarna att underhålla. För att klara sig ekonomiskt så säljer församlingar sina prästgårdar och församlingshem. Eftersom det enda som blir kvar oftast bara är kyrkan, verkställs ombyggnationer där kyrkorna möjliggör att de kan fungera som både kyrkor och församlingslokaler. I detta arbete undersöks den rådande lagstiftningen om vad som gäller vid en omgestaltning av en kyrka. Arbetet presenterar även olika kyrkor som har lyckats lösa denna typ av ombyggnationer. Därefter redovisas ett funktionellt, kvalitativt förslag på en lösning till det aktuella problemet genom en fallstudie av Pjätteryds kyrka. Med utgångspunkt i intervjuer, forskning, böcker och artiklar som talar om kyrkor och dess kulturhistoriska värde, togs det slutligen fram en lösning som i detta arbete presenteras i form av ett förslag. Förslaget tar stor hänsyn till kulturmiljölagen så att Pjätteryds kyrkas kulturhistoriska värde inte förvanskas, men tillfredsställer samtidigt behoven av att skapa nya utrymmen och funktioner för församlingens olika verksamheter. Utöver att förslaget bidrar till att minska energianvändningen anordnas även en ekonomisk arkitektonisk lösning som stödjer tillgänglighetsaspekter, där den smarta uppdelningen av kyrkans utrymmen medverkar till att nyttja dess ytor. Hänsyn har även tagits till miljöperspektivet vad gäller uppvärmning och energikälla, samt tillgång till dagens krav på ett sunt inomhusklimat för Pjätteryds kyrkas besökare. En modell på förslaget togs fram genom datorprogrammen Revit, SketchUp och Lumion. Den föreslagna ytan som rekommenderas efter de nytillförda, önskade och ändrade funktionerna, är belägen under orgelläktaren. Genom att utforma ytan på detta vis friställs den från övriga kyrkorummet och minimerar därmed driftkostnader vid mindre sammankomster samt att man tack vare detta förslag på ombyggnation även kommer att lyckas locka tillbaka Pjätteryds kyrkas besökare som de senaste åren minskat påtagligt. / Many congregations have large churches that are expensive for them to maintain. To survive financially, parishes sell their parsonages and parish homes. Since the only thing left is usually just the church, reconstructions are carried out in order to create also space for congregational premises within the church. In this work, the current legislation is examined regarding what applies to the remodeling of a church. The work also presents various churches that have managed to solve this type of reconstruction. A functional, qualitative proposal for a solution to such a problem is then presented through a case study of Pjätteryd's church. Based on interviews, research, books, and articles about churches and their cultural-historical value, a solution was finally developed which is presented in this work in the form of a proposal. The proposal takes great account of the Cultural Environment Act so that the cultural-historical value of the church in Pjätteryd is not distorted, but at the same time satisfies the needs to create new spaces and functions for the parish's various activities. In addition to the fact that the proposal contributes to reducing energy use, an economical architectural solution is also arranged that supports accessibility aspects, where the smart division of the church's spaces helps to make use of its surfaces. Consideration has also been given to the environmental perspective in terms of heating and energy sources, as well as access to today's requirements for a healthy indoor climate for Pjätteryd's church visitors. A model of the proposal was created through the computer programs Revit, SketchUp and Lumion. The proposed surface, which is recommended after the newly added, desired, and changed functions, is situated under the organ stand. By designing the surface in this way, it is freed from the rest of the church room and thus minimizes operating costs for smaller gatherings, and thanks to this proposal for remodeling, you will also succeed in attracting back Pjätteryd's church visitors, who have decreased significantly in recent years.

This thesis aims to analyse six different churches around Gotland and to answer whether they were built by private farms or by the collective effort from near-situated farms. By exploringthis, further conclusions can be made regarding the placement of the churches and the involvement of larger farms. The source material consists of churches from six Gotlandic parishes and farms from every chosen parish and other building of interest, like the medieval defence towers.The thesis timeframe is primarily from the early 12th century to the middle of the 14th. But later periods are also the focus since the placement of churches and farms are all based on maps depicting the parishes during the late 17th and early 18th centuries.Since this is a spatial analysis much of the methods are based on the usage of GIS (Geographich information system), but a big focus is also on analysing the churches themselves and things as inscriptions. As this subject has been discussed by many researchers, the theory is very much based on earlier studies made by people like Anders Andrén, Tryggve Siltberg and Sven-Olof Lindquist.The churches in Bunge, Sundre and Stenkyrka was determined to be private built by possible larger farms and had many similarities with other areas in Scandinavia. Anga, Stånga and Eskelhem was more likely to be a collaborative effort made by all of the parish’sfarms. / Syftet är att analysera sex medeltida kyrkor runt Gotland och svara på frågan om de var privat eller kollektivt byggda av socknens gårdar. Genom att utforska frågan om byggansvariga kan vidare slutsatser dras över deras placering i landskapet samt storgårdars involvering i kyrkobygget Källmaterialet utgörs av sex gotländska kyrkor samt gårdar och andra byggnader av intresse som de medeltida kastalerna. Uppsatsens tidsperiod utgörs främst av perioden från tidigt 1100-tal och fram till mitten av 1300-talet. Men senare perioder har delvis också ett fokus då kyrkorna och gårdarnas placeringar grundar sig i kartor som föreställer socknarna under sent 1700- och tidigt 1800-tal. Då det här mycket är en rumslig analys grundar sig många av metoderna på användandet av GIS (Geografiskt informationssystem). Men ett stort fokus ligger även på att analysera själva kyrkorna och tillhörande delar som väginskrifter. Då det här är ämne som diskuterats av många forskare grundar sig teorin mycket på tidigare forskning gjord av forskare som Anders Andrén, Tryggve Siltberg och Sven-Olof Lindquist. Kyrkorna I Bunge, Sundre och Stenkyrka bedömdes vara privatbyggda, möjligen av storgårda och de delade flera likheter med kyrkobygge i andra områden av Skandinavien. Anga, Stånga och Eskelhem ansågs istället vara kollektivt byggda av samtliga gårdar i socknarna.

Följande undersökning är en komparativ fallstudie av två tillståndsansökningar, genomförda i enlighet med Kulturmiljölag 1988:950, gällande solcellspaneler på kyrkligt kulturminne. Undersökningar belyser Fläckebo kyrka i Västmanlands län och Stuguns nya kyrka i Jämtlands län och studerar hur dessa fått avslag, respektive bifall till montering av solcellspaneler på kyrkobyggnadernas tak. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera om KML-relaterade ärenden bedöms olika i tid och rum.För att förklara skillnaderna mellan fallen används analysmetoden ”Most Similar Systems Design”. Undersökningen visar att rättspraxis är oförändrat men att praxis vid handläggning av dessa ärenden skiljer sig åt.

<p>The family is the first and oldest provider of social welfare in the West African country of Ghana. However, colonisation and urbanisation has changed that role and today additional providers of social welfare can be found; the government, religious organisations (churches etc), non-religious organisations and Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs).</p><p>This study will confirm the claim that the church takes on a role as a surrogate family and that it steps in where the government is not present, doing social work which is intended for the government. The study will also investigate what kind of social work the churches carry out (including what they put their focus on, which is dependent on their finance and location) and how these different projects are financed.</p><p>The study was conducted during a six week period in Accra, capital of Ghana. Representatives from three Christian congregations (Presbyterian Church of Ghana in Kaneshie, Global Evangelical Church in Kotobabi and International Central Gospel Church in Teshie) were interviewed, as was Dr. Ayidiya at the Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, in order to get background information on the present social welfare system in Ghana.</p>

This paper studies the fragmentation and reuse of early christian monuments ("eskilstunakistor") in churches in Östergötland during the medieval period. This is found to have been done in two stages. The first stage shows a collectivization of society. Within religion the change from ancestoral cult towards the saints' cult is important as the fragments are reused like relics. During the second stage the collectivization has been fulfilled, and the reuse is instead part of the christian churches' strategy for incorporating old powerful symbols from the landscape into their own church building.

The family is the first and oldest provider of social welfare in the West African country of Ghana. However, colonisation and urbanisation has changed that role and today additional providers of social welfare can be found; the government, religious organisations (churches etc), non-religious organisations and Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs). This study will confirm the claim that the church takes on a role as a surrogate family and that it steps in where the government is not present, doing social work which is intended for the government. The study will also investigate what kind of social work the churches carry out (including what they put their focus on, which is dependent on their finance and location) and how these different projects are financed. The study was conducted during a six week period in Accra, capital of Ghana. Representatives from three Christian congregations (Presbyterian Church of Ghana in Kaneshie, Global Evangelical Church in Kotobabi and International Central Gospel Church in Teshie) were interviewed, as was Dr. Ayidiya at the Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, in order to get background information on the present social welfare system in Ghana.