Det som studeras i denna undersökning är hur morgontidningarna Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet beskrev utrikesminister Carl Bildt kopplat till de fängslade journalisterna Martin Schibbye och Johan Persson. Syftet med undersökningen är att identifiera morgontidningarnas diskurs om Carl Bildt i de olika faserna av rapporteringen kring de fängslade svenskarna journalisterna Martin Schibbye och Johan Persson. Detta kommer att undersökas via en kritisk diskursanalys där vi kronologiskt går igenom morgontidningarnas rapportering av Bildt kopplat till Schibbye och Persson från att de fängslades till tiden efter då de var fria. Som delsyfte vill vi granska och diskutera de resultat vi kommer fram till i diskursanalysen. Detta görs för att kunna presentera och kartlägga hur de eventuellt olika diskurserna skiljer sig. Utifrån syftet och delsyftet kommer vi undersöka följande frågeställningar: Hur såg den dominerande bilden och rapporteringen om Bildt ut före respektive efter journalisternas frigivning? Samt: Skiljde sig morgontidningarnas rapportering om Bildt före respektive journalisternas frigivning, i så fall hur?Det vi kom fram till i undersökningen var att diskursen om Bildt vände i samma stund som förutsättningarna för Schibbye och Persson vände då de frigavs. Diskursen gick från negativ till positiv när fakta om Bildt och hans insats kunde utvärderas i retrospekt. Vår huvudsakliga slutsats är att Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet i detta fall fokuserade mer på det sensationella och skandalösa nyheterna om Bildt, snarare än att vara en neutral och objektiv informationskälla. / This study is covering the reports on the Swedish minister of foreign affairs Carl Bildt in the Swedish morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet regarding the imprisoned journalists Martin Schibbye and Johan Persson. The purpose with this thesis is to identify the discourse in these two morning newspapers about Carl Bildt in the different phases of the reports regarding the journalists Martin Schibbye and Johan Persson. This will be studied throughout a critical discourse analysis. We will cover the reports in chronological order from the date the journalists were caught to when they were free. An extension of the purpose in this study is to inspect and discuss our results. This will be done in order to see and clarify how the discourse found in the results is different from each other. This purpose is leading us to the questions: What was the dominant picture in the reporting about Carl Bildt in the different phases of the case with the imprisoned journalists? And: Did the reporting on Bildt differ from the phase before the journalists release to the phase after the release, in that case how?The main result of this study is that the discourse regarding Bildt changed the same time the conditions of Schibbye and Persson changed. The discourse went from negative to positive when facts about Bildt and his mission came to light. Our main conclusion is that these two morning newspapers in this case was focusing on the sensational and scandalous news about Bildt rather than being a neutral and objective source of information.

Syftet med denna studie är att studera mediernas rapportering kring ett antal specifika händelser kopplade till SOS Alarm. Med vår undersökning avser vi att bidra till kunskapen om hur tidningarna Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter framställer SOS Alarm i sina nyhetspubliceringar. Mediernas rapportering är viktig att studera då mediebilden av SOS Alarm kan påverka allmänhetens förtroende för denna viktiga samhällsaktör. Detta är viktigt på grund av att den bild och på det vis som medierna framställer olika händelser påverkar människor, vår sociala och kulturella kontext, att se och uppfatta verkligheten vi lever i. Medierna utgör ett kraftfullt verktyg för människors åsikter, värderingar och påverkar människors beteende. Studien har använt sig av kvalitativ textanalys och inriktat sig på 43 tidningsartiklar från Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter. Med grunden i valda teorier diskuteras de resultat som undersökningen visar, med fokus på dramatisering. Vår slutsats är att båda tidningarna, men främst Aftonbladet har skapat en vinklad bild av olika händelser, genom sin frekventa användning av dramatisering i texterna. Vinklingen visade sig vara negativ, vilket beror på valet av ord och sammanhang som tidningarna gjort. / This study aims to study the media’s reporting on a number of specific events linked to the SOS Alarm. In our study, we wish to gain an insight into how the newspaper Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter presents SOS Alarm in their news releases. Media reporting is important to study because the media image of SOS Alarm can affect public confidence in this actor of society. This is important because the image and the way media produce different events affect people, our social and cultural context, to see and perceive the reality we live in. The media is a powerful tool for people’s options, values and affect people’s behavior. The study has used the method of quality content analysis and focused on 43 newspaper articles from Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. With the foundation of the selected theories discussed the results that the investigation concludes with a focus on the dramatization. Our conclusion in the analysis of reporting on SOS Alarm is that both papers, but mainly Aftonbladet has created a biased and partially inaccurate picture of different events by the frequent use of dramatizations in the texts. The bias proved out to be negative, which depends on the choice of words and context in which the newspapers have done.

This dissertation provides a theoretically grounded framework for investigating "legal rhetoric." By making a distinction between the discursive elements of a Legal system and the broader rhetorical notion of Law, rhetorical critics can better understand the interdependent relationship between citizens, their legal structures, and their cultures. The Legal system represents the forum in which legal disputes are addressed. In contrast, the Law signifies the principles of justice and fairness that give rise to legal disputes addressed by the Legal system. This dissertation emphasizes the important role that media play in disseminating information about specific legal disputes and providing citizens an opportunity to reflect on which principles of justice and fairness are to be valued. This study specifically examines the text, reasoning, and media coverage of Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger, two U.S. Supreme Court cases related to the University of Michigan's use of racial classifications in its admissions process. By comparing which arguments and rhetorical elements from the Supreme Court's 2003 decisions were reported in the press, this dissertation both demonstrates the rhetorical concepts of the "Law" and the "Legal System" and suggests how citizens and rhetorical scholars can more fully critique legal texts. / text

The role of a political leader often is associated with the emotional attributes of a man, and there is empirical evidence that media coverage reinforces culture-specific emotion display rules for politicians. Feminist communication scholarship also has shown the gendered assumptions manifest in mediated discourses. This dissertation explores the relationship between gender, culture and candidates’ emotionality by examining and comparing news media coverage of the emotional management of Chile’s Michelle Bachelet and the United States’ Hillary Clinton, two female candidates with a viable bid for the presidency in their respective countries. Using a discourse analysis of 1,676 items from national newspapers, news magazines and television newscasts, this study found that cultural differences influence the discursive constructions of these women candidates’ emotionality. In the case of Bachelet, she was deemed as a soft, empathic and ultimately “feminine” candidate who needed to toughen up to convey authority and convince voters that she had the skills, in addition to the charm, to lead a country. In the case of Clinton, she was described mainly as a cold and unsympathetic contender, an unwomanly woman with too much ambition to be likable, and who was portrayed either as fake or frail when being more emotionally open. These mediated discourses suggest the media favored determined understandings for a woman’s place and role, reinforcing socially-shared and culturally-bound meanings about gendered identities. Informed by a feminist theoretical framework, the discussion addresses how these mediated discourses on Bachelet and Clinton illustrate the power of culturally-sanctioned sexism in Chile and the United States to make of gender a restrictive force that keeps women out of the realms of politics and policy. / text

Dagens teknologi förenklar integrationen mellan människor med stort avstånd, något man inte kunde föreställa sig tidigare. Massmedier som nyhetskanaler och sociala medier tillåter människor att interagera samt läsa och samla in information från hela världen. En person kan exempelvis samla information från bekvämligheten av sitt egna hem, utan personliga erfarenheter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur mediebevakningen av flyktingströmmen har påverkat turisters attityder mot turistdestinationer. Studien avgränsas geografiskt till den grekiska ön Lesbos, för att få en inblick på hur turister påverkas av massmedia. Därtill har författarna av studien implementerat en kvantitativ forskningsmetod i form av strukturerade intervjuer. Sekundärdata har även samlats in i form av tidigare forskningar, information tilldelad av massmedia och fakta från myndigheter. Valet att inkludera dessa former av sekundärdata är för att få insikt och en djupare förståelse om hur världen ser ut idag i samband med studien. Resultatet av den strukturerade intervjun visade att majoriteten av de tillfrågade fått sin kunskap om Lesbos genom massmedier.  Dessutom visar det sig att majoriteten av respondenterna uppgav att de inte kunde tänka sig resa till ön Lesbos i Grekland för nöje och avkoppling. Studiens undersökning visar att mediebevakningen av flyktingströmmen och ön Lesbos har haft stort inflytande bland respondenterna. Baserat på informationen från massmedia, har ön beskrivits som flyktingmottagning och respondenter som reser för avkoppling och nöje valde att undvika Lesbos som ett resmål. Det författarna fick fram av studien var att majoriteten av de svenska turisterna har en negativ attityd och syn på Lesbos. Detta på grund informationen som förmedlas av massmedia och dess informationsspridning om ön. Vidare är det viktigt att notera att turismens attityder och åsikter skiljer sig åt mellan varje individ, eftersom varje individ tar emot informationen olika, även om den kommer från samma källa. / Today’s technology allows people to interact at a great distance that could not be imagined before. Through the technology, the media such as news channels and social media which allows people to interact as well as read and gather information from all over the world. For example, a person can gather information from the comfort of his own home, without having to experience it himself. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the media coverage affects and alters tourist’s attitudes and views of a tourist destination. The study has limited itself to the Greek Island of Lesvos and how its tourism has been affected by the media reports of the refugee movements. The authors of the study have applied a quantitative research method in the form of structured interviews. Secondary data have also been collected such as; news from social media, scientific articles, statistics, and facts from governmental organizations, in order to have a deeper understanding of the subject that is studied. The results of the structured interview showed that the majority of respondents gained their knowledge of the island Lesvos through media outlets.  Whilst the majority of those who participated expressed that they could not imagine traveling to the island of Lesvos in Greece for pleasure and relaxation. The study survey shows that the media coverage of the refugee tide and the island of Lesvos had a great influence among the respondents. Based on the information from the media outlet, the island was described as a refugee camp and the respondents traveling for relaxation and fun chose to avoid Lesvos as a tourist destination I conclusion; the study indicates that the majority of the Swedish tourists have a negative attitude and view towards Lesvos due to the coverage and information spread by the media. Furthermore, it is important to note that the attitudes and views of the tourists differ from each individual. This is because every individual receives and perceives the information differently, even though it may come from the same source.

The present study addresses the question of how taxpayers' perceptions of government and tax authorities are influenced by media coverage. The effect that national political topics, such as tax legislation and the expenditure of tax revenues, have on the tax payer is examined. Tax compliance depends on trust in authorities, i.e., a commonly shared belief that politicians and tax authorities act in order to promote social welfare, and the perceived power of authorities, i.e., taxpayers' perceptions of tax authorities' ability to detect and pursue tax crime. We investigate the influence of specific tax related information in the news on intended tax compliance. Results from a questionnaire-based experiment with 487 employees indicate that media coverage influences the indicated trust in tax authorities, as well as the perceived power of governmental institutions, and consequently, has an impact on participants' intended tax compliance. The findings suggest that governments should actively engage in the provision of relevant information on tax matters. This would increase both trust in the state and the authorities as well as awareness of their power regarding the enforcement of tax laws, effectively acting as a means to regulate taxpayers' behavior. (authors' abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research deals with the participation of witnesses in live news coverage of Kiss Nightclub fire. The tragedy occurred in the city of Santa Maria (RS), on January 27, 2013, caused the death of 242 youths and had worldwide repercussions. The coverage has exposed not only drama of the survivors and families of the victims, but the complexity of journalistic work in an unstructured environment where productive routines are disrupted and hampered access to official sources. From this context enhanced by the immediacy of live coverage, there is the rise of eyewitness sources. As the theoretical part, three perspectives are presented: the constructionist theories, with the understanding journalism as a speech due to a number of conditions and configurative circumstances of the produced content, and governed by a communications contract; the theories of journalism, with the understanding of the central role of sources in the construction of journalistic discourse; and studies of the testimony, with the concept of presumed reliability, truth-effect and reality marking of such testimony. Based on these assumptions, understanding the roles played by the testimonies in coverage and discuss how the constitutive thrill of a disaster situation is aimed, transformed into pathos effect from the manifestation of the testimonies, contributes not only to the target capture, as well as for information. For this, live the entries broadcast by Globo Television Network and its RBS TV affiliate, on January 27, 28 and 29, 2013 are analyzed, from the systematization of Patrick Charaudeau on the discursive means to prove the truth ( designation, reconstruction and elucidation) and to give emotion (pathos effect). On the eyewitnesses manifestation there was a predominance of real evidence (66.7%). However, it is suggested that given the context of the tragic event, the pathos effect is present even in the statements of the target information. Likewise, it is observed that the sequences classified as pathos effect also present informational content. Thus, it is concluded that the communication contract gained new dimensions in disaster situations, making the feeling making gets closer to knowledge making. / A pesquisa trata da participação dos testemunhos na cobertura jornalística ao vivo do incêndio da boate Kiss. A tragédia ocorrida na cidade de Santa Maria (RS), em 27 de janeiro de 2013, provocou a morte de 242 jovens e teve repercussão mundial. A cobertura expôs não só o drama dos sobreviventes e das famílias das vítimas, mas também a complexidade do trabalho jornalístico em um ambiente desestruturado, em que rotinas produtivas são rompidas e o acesso a fontes oficiais dificultado. A partir desse contexto e tensionando com a imediaticidade da cobertura ao vivo, observa-se a ascensão das fontes testemunhais. Como aporte teórico, parte-se de três perspectivas: as teorias construcionistas, com o entendimento de jornalismo como um discurso decorrente de uma série de condições e circunstâncias configuradoras do conteúdo produzido e regido por um contrato de comunicação; as teorias do jornalismo, com a compreensão do papel central das fontes na construção do discurso jornalístico; e os estudos dos testemunhos, com a concepção de confiabilidade presumida, de efeito de verdade e de marcação de realidade desse tipo de depoimento. Com base nesses pressupostos, busca-se compreender os papéis desempenhados pelos testemunhos na cobertura e discutir como a emoção constitutiva de uma situação de tragédia, transformada em efeito patêmico a partir da manifestação dos testemunhos, colabora não só para a visada de captação, como também para a de informação. Para isso, analisam-se as entradas ao vivo veiculadas pela Rede Globo de Televisão e sua afiliada RBS TV, nos dias 27, 28 e 29 de janeiro de 2013, a partir da sistematização de Patrick Charaudeau sobre os meios discursivos de provar a verdade (designação, reconstituição e elucidação) e de conferir emoção (efeito patêmico). Verificou-se na manifestação das testemunhas o predomínio das provas de verdade (66,7%). Entretanto, sugere-se que dado ao contexto trágico do acontecimento, o efeito patêmico esteja presente até mesmo nos enunciados da visada da informação. Da mesma forma, observa-se que as sequências classificadas como patêmicas, também apresentam teor informacional. Assim, conclui-se que o contrato de comunicação ganha novos contornos nas situações de tragédia, fazendo com que o fazer sentir se aproxime do fazer saber.

The diploma thesis focuses on two different sports media ČT sport and Deník Sport. Based on the broadcasting program, respectively the content of individual copies, examines two selected periods of one year. The aim is to find out the content coverage of football, volleyball and floorball sports in individual media. The data is recorded in the coding sheet according to individual sports and media. Results are sorted by content type, content length and other selected criteria. The results bringing a very strong dominance of football topics in the printed media and a high share of content on ČT sport. Volleyball and floorball are considerably limited in the press, while on television they get their space, which, however, could be higher due to the player base of the two sports.

NASCAR has become one of America's fastest growing spectator sports, and corporate sponsors have played an important part in this upsurge in popularity. Race teams, drivers, and sanctioning bodies use the income that sponsors provide to operate at NASCAR events. This study provides an analysis of how corporate sponsorships have changed the way that NASCAR is presented in print journalism. Using Burke's method of indexing, NASCAR-related titles in the New York Times and the Johnson City Press from 1950 to present day are analyzed. The analysis reveals not only a steady increase in the number of NASCAR-related titles, but 4 indices of meaning that are most often used (Specific Races/Locations, NASCAR, Specific Names, and Sponsors) and that organizations should consider before they plan to promote their products using NASCAR.

Denna uppsats "Förfalskningar: En undersökning om förfalskningar av konstverk på den svenska auktionsmarknaden, undersöker förekomsten och effekten av konstförfalskningar på den svenska auktionsmarknaden. Den undersöker den historiska kontexten för konstförfalskning, de juridiska ramar som styr handeln med konstverk och auktionshusens roller och ansvar för att upptäcka och förhindra försäljning av förfalskningar. Studien undersöker också samarbetet mellan auktionsverk och polismyndigheten för att ta itu med konstbrott och mediebevakningens inverkan på marknaden allmänhetens uppfattning.  Genom en kvalitativ analys av auktionshuspolicyer, juridiska dokument och medierapporter synliggör uppsatsen komplexiteten och utmaningarna med att autentisera konstverk. Den belyser vikten av proveniensforskning, due diligence och autentiseringsförfaranden för att upprätthålla konstmarknadens integritet. Dessutom diskuteras de etiska övervägandena och behovet av ökad transparens och utbildning för att bekämpa konstförfalskning på ett effektivt sätt. Uppsatsen avslutas med rekommendationer för att förbättra upptäckten och hanteringen av förfalskningar och föreslår områden för vidare forskning för att öka förståelsen och förebyggandet av konstbedrägerier. / This essay ”Förfalskningar: En undersökning om förfalskningar av konstverk på den svenska auktionsmarknaden, investigates the prevalence and impact of art forgeries in the swedish auction market. It examines the historical context of art forgery, the legal framworks govering the trade of artworks, and the roles and responsibilities of auction houses in detecting and preventing the sale of forgeries. The study also explores the collaboration between auction houses and police authorities in addressing art crimes and the influence of media coverage on public perception and market dynamics Through a qualitative analysis of auction house policies, legal documents and media reports, the essay reveals the complexities and challenges involved in authenticating artworks. It highlights the importance of provenance research, due diligence and authentication procedurs in maintaining the integrity of the art market. Additionally, the study discusses the ethical considerations and the need for enhanced transparency and education to combat art forgery effectively. The essay concludes with recommendations for improving the detection and management of forgeries and suggests areas for further research to enhance the understanding and prevention of art fraud.