Different perspectives has been explored with the intention that the project will lead to innovation for the language culture. Traditions need to be developed over time and language modernized, for youth to be able to identify themselfs with language and therefore pass on meänkieli to the next generation of speakers. The project means to break with tradition around the minority-language meänkieli through graphic design. The range of litterature for youth is thin, today are most books for children or adults. The culture around meänkieli is often build with old traditions, which contributes to the lack of innovations. To understand how graphic design can raise language the background and relevant theories about graphic design needs to be explained. / Olika perspektiv har utforskats med intentionen att projektet ska leda till innovationer för språkets kultur. Traditioner bör utvecklas över tid och språk moderniseras, för att ungdomar ska kunna identifiera sig med språk och därmed också föra meänkieli vidare till nästa generation av talare. Projektet menar att bryta traditioner kring minoritetsspråket meänkieli genom grafisk design. Utbudet av litteratur för ungdomar är tunt, i dagens läge finns flest böcker för barn eller äldre. Kulturen kring meänkieli är ofta uppbyggd på gamla traditioner, vilket bidrar till avsaknaden av innovationer. För att förstå hur grafisk design kan lyfta språket behöver bakgrunden och relevant teori om grafisk design förklaras.

Avsikten med denna kvalitativa studie är att lyfta de nationella minoriteternas betydelse i förskolan. Minoritetspråket meänkieli har gått från att vara skambelagt till att ses som en merit, speciellt vid rekrytering av förskolepersonal. Studiens syfte är att kartlägga vilka förutsättningar en förskolechef tillhandahålls för att främja arbetet med meänkieli i förskolan samt vilket ansvar en förskolechef har i relation till styrdokument och lagar. Semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med förskolechefer inom förvaltningsområdet för meänkieli har använts som metod för att besvara studiens syfte och forskningsfrågor. Tidigare forskning synliggör att minoriteterna historiskt sett haft varierande form av inflytande i det svenska skolsystemet och att de bemötts av statligt mostånd. idag är minoriteterna uppmärksammande i samhället och ges goda förutsättningar i form av kommunala satsningar. Studien synliggör att det krävs engagemang på alla nivåer för att skapa framgångsrikt minoritetsarbete samt att olika geografiska placeringar kan erbjuda olika former av lokala förutsättningar. De nationella minoriteternas rättigheter förtydligas i den kommande reviderade läroplanen som träder i kraft 1 juli 2019. i studein uppmärksammas olika maktförhållanden som diskuteras i relation till poststrukturalismen med utgångspunkt i Foucalts maktteori.

The goal of this Master’s thesis is to explore the approach and general attitude of public libraries regarding Sign Language Literature. There is a need to study and advance how the deaf can find ways to read in their own language, as it is as important to them to be able to read in their language, as it is to the next hearing person. The purpose is to define and explain the full capacity of the problem. In the process of research, by investigating how library staff approaches and deal with deaf patrons, the nature of the patron-staff relationship is revealed. A closer look at the collections of Sign Language Literature that are found in libraries today, further expose how the deaf patrons’ fundamental need for literature in their own language has been marginalized. In collecting data, the method used was qualitative descriptive alignment. Based on fourteen interviews in total, eight public libraries, three state deaf school libraries and three library advisors were included in the research process. Moreover were previous research and the method of subjective interpretation of law used. As this thesis seeks to put forth, results show that library staff has little or no knowledge of deaf people and their needs. Although the respondents maintain a positive attitude toward Sign Language Literature when asked, they lack specific training in how to successfully accommodate deaf patrons; thus, libraries and their staff remain somewhat ignorant in their approach, failing to take their deaf patrons as seriously as the hearing population. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The main aim of this paper is to illurninate how a group of immigrants meet the publiclibrary in Sweden. I have chosen to discuss Iranian immigrants' meeting with the publiclibrary in Borås. The investigation (qualitative interviews and inquiries) has taken placein the public library of Borås and partly in a local library with high density of immigrants.A theoretical perspective deals with the case study of dual marginality, where theconception of the "Marginal Man" or "The Outsider" is central. I have indicated how theprevious authors have considered this problem, to live on the verge between twodifferent cultures and how individuals react on it.The interviews and inquiries answered by Iranian immigrants are the most importantmaterial in this investigation and the result of them is connected to the theoreticalperspective and a discussion, what it means for the public library.

The year 2000 the Sami languages were recognized as official minority languages in Sweden, which among other things mean that there is a government decision to provide the means for their further existence. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the role of the Swedish public libraries in revitalizing the South Sami language. This is an important topic to address, since the South Sami language faces serious threats today. Furthermore, the role of the public libraries in revitalizing the minority languages due to the Swedish engagement is not yet defined. The study focuses on Jämtlands läns bibliotek, a choice based on the fact that this library is located in a region with a large South Sami population. In the light of existing policy documents, and up-to-date research results dealing with the South Sami language situation, we made an interview study based on three distinct questions at issue. These deals with the responsibility of the library, the present work at the library, and the future work of the library. In answering these questions at issue, we made eight interviews with strategically selected persons; four librarians and four Samis. Since there is no established library praxis regarding the routines to revitalize threatened languages in Sweden, the purpose was to let the informants themselves contribute to the definition of the phenomenon’s at hand. Our conceptual frameworks were Kenneth Hyltenstam´s theories on language processes, Dorte Skot-Hansen´s & Marianne Andersen´s categorization of the different functions of the library, and Mikael Stigendal´s perspective on the librarian’s role in integration.   Our results show that there is a gap between what the librarians perceived as immediate demand, and the real needs of the South Sami group; a gap which the library in the light of it´s educating commission has a responsibility to bridge. The results also show that the library´s work today concerning this matter is inadequate, and that the library receives a low level of trust from the Sami informants. However, the results also show a mutual interest in cooperation, in order to investigate possible and constructive ways forward. Crucial to successful results showed to be the integration of South Sami competence in the overall resources of the library, and to contribute to the normalization of the Sami presence in the region in other ways. / Folkbiblioteken och de nationella minoriteterna

<p>The year 2000 the Sami languages were recognized as official minority languages in Sweden, which among other things mean that there is a government decision to provide the means for their further existence. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the role of the Swedish public libraries in revitalizing the South Sami language. This is an important topic to address, since the South Sami language faces serious threats today. Furthermore, the role of the public libraries in revitalizing the minority languages due to the Swedish engagement is not yet defined. The study focuses on Jämtlands läns bibliotek, a choice based on the fact that this library is located in a region with a large South Sami population. In the light of existing policy documents, and up-to-date research results dealing with the South Sami language situation, we made an interview study based on three distinct questions at issue. These deals with the responsibility of the library, the present work at the library, and the future work of the library. In answering these questions at issue, we made eight interviews with strategically selected persons; four librarians and four Samis. Since there is no established library praxis regarding the routines to revitalize threatened languages in Sweden, the purpose was to let the informants themselves contribute to the definition of the phenomenon’s at hand. Our conceptual frameworks were Kenneth Hyltenstam´s theories on language processes, Dorte Skot-Hansen´s & Marianne Andersen´s categorization of the different functions of the library, and Mikael Stigendal´s perspective on the librarian’s role in integration.</p><p> </p><p>Our results show that there is a gap between what the librarians perceived as immediate demand, and the real needs of the South Sami group; a gap which the library in the light of it´s educating commission has a responsibility to bridge. The results also show that the library´s work today concerning this matter is inadequate, and that the library receives a low level of trust from the Sami informants. However, the results also show a mutual interest in cooperation, in order to investigate possible and constructive ways forward. Crucial to successful results showed to be the integration of South Sami competence in the overall resources of the library, and to contribute to the normalization of the Sami presence in the region in other ways.</p> / Folkbiblioteken och de nationella minoriteterna

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Migranter som inte behärskar majoritetsspråket har rätt till vård av hög kvalitet och säkerhet som alla andra patienter. Enligt patientlagen (2014:821) har alla patienter rätt till individuellt anpassad information om deras tillstånd och behandling. Detta kan försvåras på grund av dålig kommunikation. Sjuksköterskor behöver därmed ha en tydlig förståelse för hur minoritetsspråkiga patienter upplever vården och vilka utmaningar de ställs inför. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser i kontakt med vården hos patienter som talar ett minoritetsspråk, samt att beskriva undersökningsgrupperna i artiklarna som ingick i litteraturstudien. Metod: Studien är en beskrivande litteraturstudie av elva vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats och en med mix-metod ansats. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Huvudresultat: Analysen av de inkluderade artiklarna resulterade i tre huvudteman: 1) upplevelser av utanförskap, på grund av brist på information och delaktighet i den egna vården, 2) upplevelser av försämrad vårdkvalitet i form av felaktig behandling, otillfredsställande bemötande hos vårdgivare och missade möjligheter till vård och stöd, samt 3) upplevelser av beroende av hjälp med tolkning. Det var totalt 536 deltagare i de valda artiklarna. Antal år i det nya landet varierade mellan 0-40 år. Slutsats: Språkbarriärer hos minoritetsspråkiga patienter kan leda till negativa upplevelser som sjuksköterskor inte alltid är medvetna om. Kunskap om vilka utmaningar och ångestskapande moment som kan finnas hos patienten kan hjälpa sjuksköterskor att förutse och förebygga språkrelaterade problem och minska de negativa upplevelserna. / Abstract Background: Immigrants who cannot speak majority languages have a right to safe and high-quality healthcare, just as all the other patients. According to the Swedish Patient Act (2014:821), every individual has the right of tailored information about their health and treatment. This can be challenging due to poorly functioning communication. Nurses need to have a better understanding of those challenges that minority patients experience when in contact with healthcare. Aim: To describe the challenges, experienced by minority language patients, when in contact with nurses and to describe the participant groups of the studies included in the review. Method: A descriptive literature study of eleven qualitative studies and one mixed-method study. The searches were made in CINAHL and PubMed databases. Main results: The analysis of the included articles resulted in three main themes: 1) experiences of being alienated due to lack of information and participation in one’s own care 2) experiences of worsen quality of care by way of wrong treatment, unsatisfactory attitude from the healthcare professionals and missed opportunities, and 3) feelings of dependence on those who help with interpreting. There was a total of 536 participants in the selected studies, who had been residing in the new country between 0-40 years. Conclusions: Language barriers can lead to a range of negative feelings, experienced by minority patients. Nurses might not be aware of them. Knowledge about these challenges and oppressive moments can help nurses to anticipate and prevent language related problems. Herewith, patients negative experiences might be reduced.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Migranter som inte behärskar majoritetsspråket har rätt till vård av hög kvalitet och säkerhet som alla andra patienter. Enligt patientlagen (2014:821) har alla patienter rätt till individuellt anpassad information om deras tillstånd och behandling. Detta kan försvåras på grund av dålig kommunikation. Sjuksköterskor behöver därmed ha en tydlig förståelse för hur minoritetsspråkiga patienter upplever vården och vilka utmaningar de ställs inför. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser i kontakt med vården hos patienter som talar ett minoritetsspråk, samt att beskriva undersökningsgrupperna i artiklarna som ingick i litteraturstudien. Metod: Studien är en beskrivande litteraturstudie av elva vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats och en med mix-metod ansats. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Huvudresultat: Analysen av de inkluderade artiklarna resulterade i tre huvudteman: 1) upplevelser av utanförskap, på grund av brist på information och delaktighet i den egna vården, 2) upplevelser av försämrad vårdkvalitet i form av felaktig behandling, otillfredsställande bemötande hos vårdgivare och missade möjligheter till vård och stöd, samt 3) upplevelser av beroende av hjälp med tolkning. Det var totalt 536 deltagare i de valda artiklarna. Antal år i det nya landet varierade mellan 0-40 år. Slutsats: Språkbarriärer hos minoritetsspråkiga patienter kan leda till negativa upplevelser som sjuksköterskor inte alltid är medvetna om. Kunskap om vilka utmaningar och ångestskapande moment som kan finnas hos patienten kan hjälpa sjuksköterskor att förutse och förebygga språkrelaterade problem och minska de negativa upplevelserna. / Abstract Background: Immigrants who cannot speak majority languages have a right to safe and high-quality healthcare, just as all the other patients. According to the Swedish Patient Act (2014:821), every individual has the right of tailored information about their health and treatment. This can be challenging due to poorly functioning communication. Nurses need to have a better understanding of those challenges that minority patients experience when in contact with healthcare. Aim: To describe the challenges, experienced by minority language patients, when in contact with nurses and to describe the participant groups of the studies included in the review. Method: A descriptive literature study of eleven qualitative studies and one mixed-method study. The searches were made in CINAHL and PubMed databases. Main results: The analysis of the included articles resulted in three main themes: 1) experiences of being alienated due to lack of information and participation in one’s own care 2) experiences of worsen quality of care by way of wrong treatment, unsatisfactory attitude from the healthcare professionals and missed opportunities, and 3) feelings of dependence on those who help with interpreting. There was a total of 536 participants in the selected studies, who had been residing in the new country between 0-40 years. Conclusions: Language barriers can lead to a range of negative feelings, experienced by minority patients. Nurses might not be aware of them. Knowledge about these challenges and oppressive moments can help nurses to anticipate and prevent language related problems. Herewith, patients negative experiences might be reduced.

Ett mindre område i norra Sverige är finskt förvaltningsområde. I de fem kommunerna som omfattas gäller utökade rättigheter att använda finska i kontakt med myndigheter, samt i förskola och äldrevård. Eftersom flertalet finsktalande i Sverige bor utanför det befintliga finska förvaltningsområdet gjordes en utredning för att se vilka konsekvenserna skulle bli av ett utökat finskt förvaltningsområde. Det skulle omfatta Mälardalen, där Eskilstuna är en av kommunerna med stor finsk befolkning. I en jämförande studie av hur Eskilstuna synliggör sin finsktalande befolkning och hur arbetsgivare ser på finska språket visade sig några intressanta skillnader. Eskilstuna kommun hade den enda helt finska hemsidan men samtliga undersökta kommuner hade mycket lite finsk närvaro på hemsidan. Däremot var det stor skillnad på platsannonserna då nästan inga arbetsgivare i Eskilstuna angav finska som en fördel, medan många olikartade arbeten i Norrland hade finska specificerat som önskemål eller krav.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka meänkielis ställning bland barn och ungdomar i Norrbotten. Undersökningen bygger på enkätsvar från elever i de fem Norrbottenskommuner där meänkieli är förvaltningsspråk. Både elever med och elever utan anknytning till meänkieli besvarade enkäten. Frågorna rörde deras förståelse och bruk av meänkieli, deras attityd till språket samt vad de tror om framtiden för språket.   Av undersökningen framkom att målgruppen i högre utsträckning förstår meänkieli än vad de själva kan tala språket. De flesta av respondenterna anser det inte viktigt att meänkieli i framtiden lever kvar som talat språk. Av de som i någon utsträckning förstår meänkieli tror drygt hälften att deras framtida barn i någon mån också kommer att förstå språket. Respondenterna med kunskaper i meänkieli tror i högre grad än de utan kunskaper att språket kommer att föras över till nästa generation. Många respondenter anser dock att riksfinska är viktigare att lära sig än meänkieli. / The aim of the study was to investigate the standing of Meänkieli among young people in five municipalities in the northernmost part of Sweden. These are the municipalities where Meänkieli by law is a language the citizens have the right to use in interaction with authorities. The study is based on responses from a survey made among pupils in the compulsory schools and upper secondary schools. Both pupils with and without the language in their family answered the survey. The questions concerned their comprehension and use of Meänkieli, their attitude towards the language as well as their thoughts about the language's future.   The study showed that the target group's comprehension of Meänkieli is higher than their ability to speak the language. Most of the respondents don't find it important that Meänkieli survives as a spoken language. Of those who to some extent understand Meänkieli, just over half believe that their future children also will be able to in some measure understand the language. The respondents with knowledge of Meänkieli are more certain than the respondents without that the language will be passed on to the next generation. However, many of the respondents find Finnish more important to learn than Meänkieli.