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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Prevalência, continuidade e fatores de risco dos transtornos psiquiátricos na adolescência / Prevalence, continuity and risk factors of psychiatric disorders in adolescence

Maison, Carolina La 14 June 2019 (has links)
Os transtornos psiquiátricos frequentemente têm início na infância e adolescência, podendo persistir até a idade adulta. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a prevalência, os fatores de risco e a continuidade dos transtornos psiquiátricos no início da adolescência (11 anos) na Coorte de Nascimentos de 2004 do Município de Pelotas-RS. Métodos. Estudo 1: O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos no início da adolescência, examinar a distribuição dos transtornos psiquiátricos conforme características maternas e infantis e avaliar a ocorrência de comorbidades psiquiátricas. Todos os adolescentes de 11 anos, que participaram da Coorte de Nascimentos de 2004 de Pelotas-RS, foram convidados a participar deste estudo. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar a presença de transtornos psiquiátricos foi o Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Foram avaliados 3.562 indivíduos e a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos de acordo com os critérios do DSM-5 foi de 13,2% (IC95% 12,1-14,4); 15,6% entre os meninos e 10,7% entre as meninas. Os distúrbios mais comuns foram transtornos de ansiedade (4,3%), transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (4,0%) e transtorno de conduta/oposição (2,8%). Baixa escolaridade materna, tabagismo durante a gestação, presença de sintomas de humor durante a gestação ou sintomas depressivos crônicos e graves maternos nos primeiros anos de vida do adolescente, sexo masculino, Apgar < 7 no nascimento e parto prematuro foram associados a uma maior chance de distúrbio psiquiátrico aos 11 anos. Comorbidades psiquiátricas foram observadas em 107 indivíduos (22,7%), dos quais, 73, 24 e 10 tinham dois, três e quatro diagnósticos psiquiátricos, respectivamente. Nossos resultados ressaltam a importância dos transtornos psiquiátricos como condição prevalente no início da adolescência, o que repercute diretamente no planejamento de políticas públicas e serviços específicos de atenção à saúde mental nessa faixa etária. Estudo 2: Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a incidência de transtornos psiquiátricos entre as idades de seis e 11 anos e avaliar a continuidade homotípica e heterotípica desses transtornos, entre os membros da Coorte de Nascimentos de 2004 de Pelotas-RS. Todos os nascidos vivos na cidade de Pelotas no ano de 2004 foram localizados e 4.231 recém-nascidos foram incluídos no estudo (recusas < 1%), sendo acompanhados em diferentes idades ao longo do tempo. Aplicou-se o Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) em 3.585 indivíduos com seis anos e em 3.563 indivíduos com 11 anos. Os resultados do SDQ para as quatro subescalas (sintomas emocionais, problemas de conduta, hiperatividade/falta de atenção e problemas de relacionamento com os pares) foram categorizados como normais ou anormais (indivíduos nas categorias limítrofe e anormal) conforme manual do instrumento. Para examinar as associações entre transtornos mentais ao longo do tempo, os transtornos aos seis anos foram inseridos na regressão logística como variáveis independentes e aqueles aos 11 anos foram inseridos como variáveis dependentes. Entre os seis e 11 anos, houve um aumento de 50% na prevalência de sintomas emocionais e um aumento de 45% dos transtornos de hiperatividade/falta de atenção. Entre as crianças que tinham \"qualquer dificuldade no SDQ\" aos seis anos, esse status persistiu em 81% dos indivíduos aos 11 anos. Durante a transição da infância para o início da adolescência, houve continuidade homotípica para sintomas emocionais, problemas de conduta, hiperatividade/falta de atenção e problemas de relacionamento com pares. Nossos resultados indicam que os transtornos mentais nessa faixa etária são moderadamente estáveis, com taxas de transtornos e padrões de continuidade semelhantes aos observados em outros estudos / Psychiatric disorders often begin in childhood and adolescence and may persist into adulthood. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence, risk factors and continuity of psychiatric disorders in early adolescence (11 years) in the 2004 Birth Cohort of the Municipality of Pelotas, RS. Methods. Study 1: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in early adolescence, to examine the distribution of psychiatric disorders according to maternal and infant characteristics and to evaluate the occurrence of psychiatric comorbidities. All 11-year-old adolescents who participated in the 2004 Pelotas-RS Birth Cohort were invited to participate in this study. The instrument used to evaluate the presence of psychiatric disorders was the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). A total of 3,562 individuals were evaluated and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders according to DSM-5 criteria was 13.2% (95% CI 12.1-14.4); 15.6% among boys and 10.7% among girls. The most common disorders were anxiety disorders (4.3%), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (4.0%) and conduct/opposition disorder (2.8%). Low maternal schooling, smoking during pregnancy, presence of mood symptoms during pregnancy, or chronic and severe maternal depressive symptoms in the first years of the adolescent life, male sex, Apgar < 7 at birth and premature delivery were associated with a greater chance of psychiatric disorder at age 11 years. Psychiatric comorbidities were observed in 107 subjects (22.7%), of whom, 73, 24 and 10 had two, three and four psychiatric diagnoses, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of psychiatric disorders as a prevalent condition in early adolescence, which directly affects the planning of public policies and specific services for mental health care in this age group. Study 2: The objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence of psychiatric disorders between the ages of six and 11 years and to evaluate the homotypic and heterotypic continuity of these disorders among members of the 2004 Pelotas-RS Birth Cohort. All live births in the city of Pelotas in the year 2004 were located and 4,231 newborns were included in the study (refusals < 1%), being followed at different ages over time. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was applied in 3,585 subjects aged 6 years and 3,563 subjects aged 11 years. The SDQ scores for the four subscales (emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, hyperactivity/inattention and peer relationship problems) were categorized as normal or abnormal (individuals in the borderline and abnormal categories) according to the instrument´s manual. To examine the associations between mental disorders over time, disorders at six years were inserted into the logistic regression as independent variables and those at 11 years were entered as dependent variables. Between six and 11 years, there was a 50% increase in the prevalence of emotional symptoms and a 45% increase in hyperactivity/inattention disorders. Among children who had \"any difficulty\" according to the SDQ at age six, this status persisted in 81% of individuals at age 11. During the transition from childhood to early adolescence, there was homotypic continuity for emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and peer relationship problems. Our results indicate that mental disorders in this age group are moderately stable, with rates of disorders and patterns of continuity similar to those observed in other studies
42

Utilisation de l’électrophysiologie dans l’étude du développement des capacités d’intégration audiovisuelle du nourrisson à l’âge adulte

Dionne-Dostie, Emmanuelle 09 1900 (has links)
No description available.
43

Uso do peptídeo liberador de gastrina em crianças com diagnóstico de autismo

Marchezan, Josemar January 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Os neuropeptídeos regulam uma variedade de aspectos da função nervosa e neuroendócrina, atuando através da ativação de receptores específicos da membrana celular. No sistemana nervoso central (SNC) os receptores do pepetídeo liberador de gastrina (GRPR) são amplamente expressos, e numerosos efeitos centrais têm sido descritos com a sua ativação, incluindo efeitos sobre a saciedade, regulação do ritmo circadiano, termorregulação, modulação do stress, resposta ao medo, ansiedade e memória. Pesquisas mostram que o bloqueio farmacológico do GRPR em modelos animais leva ao aparecimento de deficits na interação social, padrões restritivos de comportamento e estereotipias motoras, sintomas semelhantes ao comportamento autista em humanos, sugerindo a possibilidade de que o complexo GRP/GRPR possa ter um papel na patogênese do transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Recentemente, dois estudos não controlados com administração do peptídeo liberador de gastrina (GRP) a 13 crianças com autismo sugeriram que ele é seguro e que possa melhorar alguns sintomas do transtorno, principalmente interação social e sintomas associados à irritabilidade. Objetivos: Comparar a eficácia, segurança, tolerabilidade do GRP em relação ao placebo em sintomas do TEA. Metodologia: Ensaio clínico crossover, randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo, com uso de GRP 160 picomol/kg por 4 dias consecutivos, em 10 crianças com autismo. Os desfechos foram medidos através da escala Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Resultados: Todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino, com idade entre 4 e 9 anos. Houve uma redução nos escores da escala ABC e suas subescalas após o uso de GRP e de placebo. Apesar dessa redução ser mais proeminente com o GRP, principalmente nas subescalas Irritabilidade, Comportamento estereotipado e Hiperatividade, não houve diferença estatística entre os resultados (p 0,334). Após uma semana da infusão, 5 crianças apresentavam melhora maior que 25% no escore total da escala ABC com uso de GRP e 2 com uso de placebo, não apresentando diferença estatística (p 0,375). Não houve efeitos adversos, alterações dos sinais vitais ou variações laboratoriais associados ao uso de GRP em nenhum paciente. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo, apesar do tamanho reduzido da amostra, reforçam os dados anteriores sobre a segurança do GRP no uso a curto prazo. Apesar de ter ocorrido redução dos escores da escala ABC após uso de GRP, não houve diferença estatística em relação ao placebo. Devido ao desenho crossover e tamanho pequeno da amostra do estudo atual, não foi possível esclarecer a real eficácia do GRP na redução dos sintomas do TEA na infância. Existe a necessidade de novas pesquisas com outros delineamentos e tamanho amostral maior para confirmar a eficácia e segurança do GRP em crianças com autismo. / Introduction: The neuropeptides regulate a variety of aspects of the nervous and neuroendocrine function, acting through activation of specific receptors of the cellular membrane. In system central nervous (CNS) the gastrin-releasing peptide recptors (GRPR) are widely expressed, and numerous central effects have been reported with their activation, including effects on satiety, regulating the circadian rhythm, thermoregulation, stress modulation, response to fear, anxiety and memory. Research has shown that pharmacological blockade of GRPR in animal models leads to the deficits in social interaction, restrictive patterns of behavior and motor stereotypies, autistic symptoms similar to human behavior, suggesting the possibility that the complex GRP/GRPR may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, two studies are not controlled with the administration of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) to 13 children with autism suggest that it is safe and can improve some symptoms of the disorder, especially social interaction and symptoms associated with irritability. Objectives: To compare the efficacy, safety, tolerability GRP compared to placebo in ASD symptoms. Methodology: crossover clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, using GRP 160 picomol/kg for 4 consecutive days in 10 children with autism. Outcomes were measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist scale (ABC). Results: All participants were male, aged between 4 and 9 years. There was a reduction in the scores of the ABC range and its subscales after use GRP and placebo. Despite this reduction be more prominent with the GRP, particularly in subscales Irritability, Stereotypic behavior and Hyperactivity and noncompliance, there was no statistical difference between the results (p 0.334). After a week of infusion, 5 children showed improvement greater than 25% in the total score of the ABC scale in GRP use and 2 with placebo use, however there was no statistical difference (p 0.375). No adverse effects, changes in vital signs or laboratory abnormalities associated with use of GRP in any patient. Conclusions: The results of this study, despite the small sample size, reinforce previous data on the safety of the GRP in the short-term use. Although there was a reduction in ABC scale scores after use of GRP, there was no statistical difference from placebo. Due to the small sample size and design of the current study, it was not possible to clarify the real effectiveness of GRP in reducing the symptoms of ASD in childhood. There is a need for further research with other designs and larger sample size to confirm the efficacy and safety of GRP in children with autism.
44

Uso do peptídeo liberador de gastrina em crianças com diagnóstico de autismo

Marchezan, Josemar January 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Os neuropeptídeos regulam uma variedade de aspectos da função nervosa e neuroendócrina, atuando através da ativação de receptores específicos da membrana celular. No sistemana nervoso central (SNC) os receptores do pepetídeo liberador de gastrina (GRPR) são amplamente expressos, e numerosos efeitos centrais têm sido descritos com a sua ativação, incluindo efeitos sobre a saciedade, regulação do ritmo circadiano, termorregulação, modulação do stress, resposta ao medo, ansiedade e memória. Pesquisas mostram que o bloqueio farmacológico do GRPR em modelos animais leva ao aparecimento de deficits na interação social, padrões restritivos de comportamento e estereotipias motoras, sintomas semelhantes ao comportamento autista em humanos, sugerindo a possibilidade de que o complexo GRP/GRPR possa ter um papel na patogênese do transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Recentemente, dois estudos não controlados com administração do peptídeo liberador de gastrina (GRP) a 13 crianças com autismo sugeriram que ele é seguro e que possa melhorar alguns sintomas do transtorno, principalmente interação social e sintomas associados à irritabilidade. Objetivos: Comparar a eficácia, segurança, tolerabilidade do GRP em relação ao placebo em sintomas do TEA. Metodologia: Ensaio clínico crossover, randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo, com uso de GRP 160 picomol/kg por 4 dias consecutivos, em 10 crianças com autismo. Os desfechos foram medidos através da escala Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Resultados: Todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino, com idade entre 4 e 9 anos. Houve uma redução nos escores da escala ABC e suas subescalas após o uso de GRP e de placebo. Apesar dessa redução ser mais proeminente com o GRP, principalmente nas subescalas Irritabilidade, Comportamento estereotipado e Hiperatividade, não houve diferença estatística entre os resultados (p 0,334). Após uma semana da infusão, 5 crianças apresentavam melhora maior que 25% no escore total da escala ABC com uso de GRP e 2 com uso de placebo, não apresentando diferença estatística (p 0,375). Não houve efeitos adversos, alterações dos sinais vitais ou variações laboratoriais associados ao uso de GRP em nenhum paciente. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo, apesar do tamanho reduzido da amostra, reforçam os dados anteriores sobre a segurança do GRP no uso a curto prazo. Apesar de ter ocorrido redução dos escores da escala ABC após uso de GRP, não houve diferença estatística em relação ao placebo. Devido ao desenho crossover e tamanho pequeno da amostra do estudo atual, não foi possível esclarecer a real eficácia do GRP na redução dos sintomas do TEA na infância. Existe a necessidade de novas pesquisas com outros delineamentos e tamanho amostral maior para confirmar a eficácia e segurança do GRP em crianças com autismo. / Introduction: The neuropeptides regulate a variety of aspects of the nervous and neuroendocrine function, acting through activation of specific receptors of the cellular membrane. In system central nervous (CNS) the gastrin-releasing peptide recptors (GRPR) are widely expressed, and numerous central effects have been reported with their activation, including effects on satiety, regulating the circadian rhythm, thermoregulation, stress modulation, response to fear, anxiety and memory. Research has shown that pharmacological blockade of GRPR in animal models leads to the deficits in social interaction, restrictive patterns of behavior and motor stereotypies, autistic symptoms similar to human behavior, suggesting the possibility that the complex GRP/GRPR may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, two studies are not controlled with the administration of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) to 13 children with autism suggest that it is safe and can improve some symptoms of the disorder, especially social interaction and symptoms associated with irritability. Objectives: To compare the efficacy, safety, tolerability GRP compared to placebo in ASD symptoms. Methodology: crossover clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, using GRP 160 picomol/kg for 4 consecutive days in 10 children with autism. Outcomes were measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist scale (ABC). Results: All participants were male, aged between 4 and 9 years. There was a reduction in the scores of the ABC range and its subscales after use GRP and placebo. Despite this reduction be more prominent with the GRP, particularly in subscales Irritability, Stereotypic behavior and Hyperactivity and noncompliance, there was no statistical difference between the results (p 0.334). After a week of infusion, 5 children showed improvement greater than 25% in the total score of the ABC scale in GRP use and 2 with placebo use, however there was no statistical difference (p 0.375). No adverse effects, changes in vital signs or laboratory abnormalities associated with use of GRP in any patient. Conclusions: The results of this study, despite the small sample size, reinforce previous data on the safety of the GRP in the short-term use. Although there was a reduction in ABC scale scores after use of GRP, there was no statistical difference from placebo. Due to the small sample size and design of the current study, it was not possible to clarify the real effectiveness of GRP in reducing the symptoms of ASD in childhood. There is a need for further research with other designs and larger sample size to confirm the efficacy and safety of GRP in children with autism.
45

Uso do peptídeo liberador de gastrina em crianças com diagnóstico de autismo

Marchezan, Josemar January 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Os neuropeptídeos regulam uma variedade de aspectos da função nervosa e neuroendócrina, atuando através da ativação de receptores específicos da membrana celular. No sistemana nervoso central (SNC) os receptores do pepetídeo liberador de gastrina (GRPR) são amplamente expressos, e numerosos efeitos centrais têm sido descritos com a sua ativação, incluindo efeitos sobre a saciedade, regulação do ritmo circadiano, termorregulação, modulação do stress, resposta ao medo, ansiedade e memória. Pesquisas mostram que o bloqueio farmacológico do GRPR em modelos animais leva ao aparecimento de deficits na interação social, padrões restritivos de comportamento e estereotipias motoras, sintomas semelhantes ao comportamento autista em humanos, sugerindo a possibilidade de que o complexo GRP/GRPR possa ter um papel na patogênese do transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Recentemente, dois estudos não controlados com administração do peptídeo liberador de gastrina (GRP) a 13 crianças com autismo sugeriram que ele é seguro e que possa melhorar alguns sintomas do transtorno, principalmente interação social e sintomas associados à irritabilidade. Objetivos: Comparar a eficácia, segurança, tolerabilidade do GRP em relação ao placebo em sintomas do TEA. Metodologia: Ensaio clínico crossover, randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo, com uso de GRP 160 picomol/kg por 4 dias consecutivos, em 10 crianças com autismo. Os desfechos foram medidos através da escala Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Resultados: Todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino, com idade entre 4 e 9 anos. Houve uma redução nos escores da escala ABC e suas subescalas após o uso de GRP e de placebo. Apesar dessa redução ser mais proeminente com o GRP, principalmente nas subescalas Irritabilidade, Comportamento estereotipado e Hiperatividade, não houve diferença estatística entre os resultados (p 0,334). Após uma semana da infusão, 5 crianças apresentavam melhora maior que 25% no escore total da escala ABC com uso de GRP e 2 com uso de placebo, não apresentando diferença estatística (p 0,375). Não houve efeitos adversos, alterações dos sinais vitais ou variações laboratoriais associados ao uso de GRP em nenhum paciente. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo, apesar do tamanho reduzido da amostra, reforçam os dados anteriores sobre a segurança do GRP no uso a curto prazo. Apesar de ter ocorrido redução dos escores da escala ABC após uso de GRP, não houve diferença estatística em relação ao placebo. Devido ao desenho crossover e tamanho pequeno da amostra do estudo atual, não foi possível esclarecer a real eficácia do GRP na redução dos sintomas do TEA na infância. Existe a necessidade de novas pesquisas com outros delineamentos e tamanho amostral maior para confirmar a eficácia e segurança do GRP em crianças com autismo. / Introduction: The neuropeptides regulate a variety of aspects of the nervous and neuroendocrine function, acting through activation of specific receptors of the cellular membrane. In system central nervous (CNS) the gastrin-releasing peptide recptors (GRPR) are widely expressed, and numerous central effects have been reported with their activation, including effects on satiety, regulating the circadian rhythm, thermoregulation, stress modulation, response to fear, anxiety and memory. Research has shown that pharmacological blockade of GRPR in animal models leads to the deficits in social interaction, restrictive patterns of behavior and motor stereotypies, autistic symptoms similar to human behavior, suggesting the possibility that the complex GRP/GRPR may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, two studies are not controlled with the administration of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) to 13 children with autism suggest that it is safe and can improve some symptoms of the disorder, especially social interaction and symptoms associated with irritability. Objectives: To compare the efficacy, safety, tolerability GRP compared to placebo in ASD symptoms. Methodology: crossover clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, using GRP 160 picomol/kg for 4 consecutive days in 10 children with autism. Outcomes were measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist scale (ABC). Results: All participants were male, aged between 4 and 9 years. There was a reduction in the scores of the ABC range and its subscales after use GRP and placebo. Despite this reduction be more prominent with the GRP, particularly in subscales Irritability, Stereotypic behavior and Hyperactivity and noncompliance, there was no statistical difference between the results (p 0.334). After a week of infusion, 5 children showed improvement greater than 25% in the total score of the ABC scale in GRP use and 2 with placebo use, however there was no statistical difference (p 0.375). No adverse effects, changes in vital signs or laboratory abnormalities associated with use of GRP in any patient. Conclusions: The results of this study, despite the small sample size, reinforce previous data on the safety of the GRP in the short-term use. Although there was a reduction in ABC scale scores after use of GRP, there was no statistical difference from placebo. Due to the small sample size and design of the current study, it was not possible to clarify the real effectiveness of GRP in reducing the symptoms of ASD in childhood. There is a need for further research with other designs and larger sample size to confirm the efficacy and safety of GRP in children with autism.
46

A pilot exploration of the relationship between temperament and psychopathology in 12-18 year-old children born at extremely low birth weight

Borrageiro, Dannita 11 1900 (has links)
The aim of this study was to explore temperament, psychopathology and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW), i.e., < 1000g. ELBW adolescents (N = 15) completed the Revised Cheek and Buss Scale and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0.0 (M.I.N.I.), while their legal guardians completed a biographical questionnaire and the Short Form 12 version 2. The median age of the sample was 13 SD = 2.526 years (60% male) and all participants spoke English. ELBW adolescents with social phobia (n = 6) were more shy (p = .041) and had poorer mental health-related QOL (p = .041) than those without such symptoms. The results suggest that ELBW could be a predisposing factor for increased shyness and psychological disorders including social phobia. Planning of interventions for ELBW individuals should therefore include strategies to prevent or mitigate the effects of these factors in adolescence / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)
47

Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar har skogen som lekmiljö i förskolans verksamhet? : Förskolpedagogers berättelser om skogens potential för barn med neuropsykiatriska funktionsvariationer / What opportunities and challenges do pre-schools encounter in the forest as a playing environment? : Pre-school educators’ narratives on the forest’s potential for children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Fellman, Paula January 2020 (has links)
Syftet med min studie är att undersöka vilka möjligheter och utmaningar skogen har som lekmiljö i förskolans verksamhet med ett fokus på vilken potential skogen har för barn med neuropsykiatriska funktionsvariationer (NPF). Studien är gjord utifrån telefonintervjuer med förskolpedagoger. Resultat visar på att skogen har en stor potential för barn med NPF men att det krävs rätt förutsättningar som goda relationer till barnen, kompetens och personalstyrka för att kunna ta vara på skogen som lekmiljö i förskolans verksamhet. Resultat ger även en inblick i det komplexa arbetet att vara pedagog där en del är att ständigt vara problemlösaren. Studiens resultat visar däremot att kunskaper om skogen generellt inte behövs då att vara i natur ger en kroppslig närvaro och ett mer naturligt utforskande hos barnen och pedagogerna. / The purpose of my study is to explore what opportunities and challenges the forest has as a play environment in preschool, with a focus on what potential the forest has for  children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The study is based on telephone interviews with preschool educators. In the result it shows that the forest has great potential for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. But that the right conditions are required, such as good relations with the children, competence and enough staff to be able to take advantage of the forest as a play environment in the preschool. The results also provide an insight into the complex work of being an educator, where parts of it is constantly being the problem solver. The results of the study, on the other hand, show that knowledge about forest is generally not needed because of being in nature provides a physical presence and a more natural way to explore for both the children and educators.
48

Studie- och yrkesvägledares berättelser kring vägledning med NPF-diagnostiserade gymnasieelever / Guidance counselors' stories regarding couseling Swedish high school students diagnosed with Neurodevelopmental disorders

Hansson, Sandra, Blomkvist, Madeleine January 2021 (has links)
Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur studie- och yrkesvägledare, som saknar sakkunskap om neuropsykiatriska funktionsvariationer (NPF), upplever att vägleda elever med dessa diagnoser på gymnasieskolor. Vi har ämnat ta reda på hur studie- och yrkesvägledare bemöter elevernas behov, samt förbereder eleverna inför framtida studie- och yrkesval. De två teoretiska utgångspunkterna för arbetet har varit Self-Determination Theory och den Konstruktivistiska vägledningsteorin. Då studien åsyftar att undersöka studie- och yrkesvägledares upplevelser har vi genomfört kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem studie- och yrkesvägledare. I resultatet framkommer det att respondenterna aktivt arbetar med att anpassa vägledning och förhållningssätt i sitt bemötande av elever med NPF. För att snäva in vårt spektrum något har vi valt att fokusera på de vanligast förekommande diagnoserna, som våra respondenter möter i sitt dagliga arbete; ADHD, autism och dyslexi, De primära verktygen som respondenterna använder sig av är tydlig information, motivation och att hjälpa elever att öka deras självkännedom. Dessa anses vara centrala aspekter när det gäller att förbereda eleverna inför framtida studie- och yrkesval. Slutsatserna som framkommer i studien är att om en studie- och yrkesvägledare ska kunna vägleda elever med NPF är det väsentligt för hen att besitta kunskap om och inneha erforderlig kompetens kring hur NPF påverkar individen. Av lika hög vikt är det att hen vet vilka förutsättningar som råder i samhället gällande studier eller yrken. Vidare har vi också kunnat belysa att vi på vår utbildning inte har fått någon djupare sakkunskap om NPF för att kunna bemöta denna stora grupp elever ute i skolorna. Istället är vi hänvisade till att på egen hand förkovra oss i detta simultant med att vi ska komma ut och vara yrkesverksamma i helt nya arbetssituationer.
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"Det ser bra ut på pappret, men funkar inte i praktiken" : En kvalitativ studie om samverkan kring barn och unga med NPF / “It looks good on paper but doesn’t work in practice” : A qualitative study on collaboration concerning children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders

Jakobsson, Emmy, Karlsson, Frida January 2022 (has links)
Diagnostiseringen av neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar (NPF) har ökat de senaste åren. Samtidigt visar forskning att barn och unga med NPF löper större risk att drabbas av psykisk ohälsa och utsatthet i samhället. Barn och unga med NPF har ofta komplexa behov och för att de ska få den vård och stöd som de är i behov av kan därför insatser behövas från flera olika håll genom samverkan där främst skola, socialtjänst och hälso- och sjukvården ska vara delaktiga. Dock visar sig stora brister och svårigheter i samverkan mellan dessa aktörer från flera håll vilket resulterar i att dessa barn samt deras familjer riskerar att falla mellan stolarna och inte få sina behov tillgodosedda. Syftet med den här studien har därmed varit att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som anses viktiga för samverkan mellan skola, socialtjänst och barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin gällande barn och unga med NPF samt hur dessa förutsättningar anses hindras inom respektive organisation. En kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med skolkuratorer, socialsekreterare och kurator samt psykolog på barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin. Materialet har analyserats utifrån Danermarks samverkansteori, ett teoretiskt ramverk för olika grader av integration samt nyinstitutionell teori. Resultatet visar att samverkan kring barn och unga med NPF är en viktig faktor för att kunna erbjuda rätt hjälp och stöd. Studiens resultat visar även att samverkan är ett komplext arbetssätt som ofta hindras av otydlig arbetsfördelning och bristande kommunikation. För att samverkan ska fungera krävs det att den efterfrågas och möjliggörs från ledningsnivåer samt att organisatoriska förhållanden tillåter det. En annan viktig förutsättning är att professionellas synsätt, dels om varandra men också kring barn och unga med NPF, synliggörs. Vidare fann studien att föräldrars roll samt diagnosens roll har betydelse för att samverkan kring barn och unga med NPF ska fungera. / The diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders has increased in recent years among children and young people. Research shows furthermore that children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders are at high risk of suffering from mental illness and vulnerability in society. These children and young people often have complex needs and therefore require interventions from several different organizations such as schools, social services and the child and youth psychiatry. To meet these complex needs and in order to provide these people with the best support it is important that schools, social services and the child and youth psychiatry unite and cooperate. However there are major problems and trouble in cooperation between these organizations. This results in many children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders and their families not getting the help they need. The main aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate conditions and barriers for collaboration between professionals in schools, social services and the child and youth psychiatry in Sweden for the benefit of children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders. A qualitative method with semi structured interviews has been used to interview school counselors, social secretaries and counselors within the child and youth psychiatry. To analyze the material we used Danermarks collaboration theory and a theoretical framework for different degrees of integration and neo-institutionalist theory. Consensus was reached in this study that collaboration between these organizations is an important factor in being able to offer adequate support and help to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders. The result demonstrates that factors enabling collaboration are based on commitment of management levels, good communication and that organizational conditions allow it. Furthermore, the study found that the role of parents and the role of diagnosis are important for collaboration around children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders to work.
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The relationship between mental health in adolescents having self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders and sources of parental knowledge: A cross-sectional study

Moes, Lotte Sophie January 2021 (has links)
The present study aimed to compare adolescents (14-15 years old) having self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders classified as flourishing with those adolescents classified as non- flourishing concerning rated mental health problems and adolescent perceptions of adolescent disclosure and parental control. The present study used a cross-sectional design based on a secondary analysis of data collected in the LoRDIA research program. Adolescents having self-reported NDDs in wave 3 were included (n=198). Adolescents rated their mental health using the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form, after which researchers classified them as flourishing, moderate, or languishing. Behavior and emotional symptoms were rated using the conduct problems subscale and emotional symptoms subscale of the self-reported version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adolescents rated adolescent disclosure and parental control using the adolescent disclosure scale and parental control scale. Independent Samples t-Tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple regressions were performed to analyze data. Findings illustrated that adolescents having self-reported NDDs classified as flourishing report less conduct problems, lower adolescent disclosure, and same levels of parental control compared to those adolescents classified as non-flourishing. Emotional problems seem to be positively related to adolescent disclosure within family interaction patterns, while conduct problems appear to be negatively related to parental control. However, parenting style may be crucial in having few or many conduct- and emotional problems. Thus, adolescent disclosure plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health, mental health problems, and parent-adolescent interactions, while parental control plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health problems and parent-adolescent interactions.

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