Esta tese investiga as representações de maternidade em mulheres situadas na configuração monoparental feminina da contemporaneidade, analisando as implicações dessas significações no exercício da maternidade. Aborda as relações entre os significados, as atribuições da maternidade e a cultura, destacando as variações nas significações do ser mãe, atreladas aos deslocamentos dos sentidos do ser mulher, no curso do processo civilizador. Investiga as representações da maternidade para compreender a subjetividade da mulher-mãe na cultura contemporânea e os modos dessa exercer a função educativa no contexto monoparental, entendendo a centralidade do Desejo da Mãe na subjetivação do filho, na transmissão da ordem simbólica e na construção da sua cidadania. A pesquisa foi realizada com cinco mulheres sem cônjuge, com filhos, através de entrevistas semiabertas, sendo esse recurso empregado desde o campo conceitual da Psicanálise. A metodologia adotada foi a da pesquisa psicanalítica, em que o método freudiano de investigação dirigiu a escuta e interpretação das falas dos sujeitos. Para analisar essas falas, foram destacados elementos fundamentais desse grupo cultural, emergentes nos discursos das mulheres: a mãe, o filho e o pai. A base conceitual da Psicanálise sustenta a interpretação dos discursos das mães sobre o tema da maternidade, onde o narcisismo, a feminilidade, o complexo de Édipo e o Desejo de Mãe foram os eixos teóricos interpretativos principais, tomados na análise da subjetividade feminina. Na leitura e compreensão dessa temática, também foi realizado um diálogo com outras disciplinas das Ciências Humanas. A tese indica que os significados da maternidade e os modos de ocupação do lugar parental materno dependem das vivências narcísicas, identificatórias, edípicas e da economia de gozo da mulher, em conjunção com as expectativas culturais sobre parentalidade, filiação e conjugalidade. Em relação a essas questões, o estudo aponta a presença de pontos de tensão nas experiências das mães situadas na dobradiça, isto é, na transição da modernidade para a pós-modernidade. Os relatos permitem dizer que a Função Paterna inscrita na mulher, o pai simbólico da mãe, é o que torna possível a limitação da onipotência materna na configuração monoparental, assim como afirmar ser o pai real um importante agente na regulação da economia libidinal nessas famílias. Este estudo questiona o suposto da emergência de um matriarcado no laço social contemporâneo e o declínio da Função Paterna, assinalando que as mudanças da posição da mulher na cultura não implicam a realização da fantasia da mulher toda. Por outro lado, aponta uma possível mudança na economia pulsional das mulheres, naquilo que concerne ao gozo Outro, na maternidade. / This thesis investigates the representations of motherhood in women situated in the contemporary female single parent family configuration, analyzing the implications of these significations in the practice of motherhood. It approaches the relations among significances, motherhood attributions and culture, highlighting the variations in the significations of being a mother, linked to the displacements of the meanings of being a woman, along the civilizing process. It investigates the representations of motherhood in order to understand the subjectivity of the woman-mother in the contemporary culture and the ways they perform the educative function in the single parent context, understanding the centrality of Mother’s Wish in the subjectivation of the child, in the transmission of the symbolic order and in the construction of their citizenship. The research was developed with five women, no spouse, with children, by the means of semi-open interviews, being this resource used from the perspective of the conceptual field of Psychoanalysis. The methodology adopted was the psychoanalytic research, in which the listening and interpretation of the subjects’ speech was guided by Freud’s method of investigation. In order to analyze these speeches, fundamental elements of this cultural group, emerging from the women’s discourses, were highlighted: the mother, the child and the father. The conceptual basis of Psychoanalysis gives support to the interpretation of the discourses of these mothers about motherhood, where narcissism, femininity, the Oedipus complex and the Mother’s Wish were the main interpretative theoretical axes, taken in the analysis of female subjectivity. In the reading and understanding of this issue, a dialogue with other subjects of the Human Sciences was also developed. The thesis indicates that the significations of motherhood and the modes of occupation of the mother’s parental place depend on narcissistic, identification and oedipal experiences of the woman’s jouissance economy, associated with cultural expectations in relation to parenthood, filiation and conjugability. In relation to these questions, the study points to the presence of tension points in the experiences of mothers situated on the hinge, that is, in the transition from Modernity to Post-Modernity. From the reports, it is possible to say that the Paternal Function inscribed in the woman, the mother’s symbolic father, is what makes the limitation of maternal omnipotence possible in the single parent configuration, as well as to assert that the real father is an important agent in the regulation of the libidinal economy in these families. This study questions the supposed emergence of a matriarchy in the contemporary social bond and the decreasing of Paternal Function, pointing out that the changes of woman’s position in the culture don’t imply the coming true of the whole-woman fantasy. On the other hand, it points to a possible change in women’s drive economy, concerning the Other-jouissance, in motherhood.

Este trabalho trata da trajetória do conceito de superego na teoria freudiana desde o momento que os primeiros indícios de sua existência emergiram na clínica da histeria em 1892 até a segunda tópica em 1923, quando esta noção foi formalmente inserida na psicanálise, constituindo um dos pilares do aparelho psíquico ao lado do id e do ego. Para tanto a autora percorreu 1) as experiências pessoais e auto-analíticas de Freud descritas por seus biógrafos e por ele mesmo em sua extensa correspondência com Fliess, e também ao longo de seu livro A interpretação dos sonhos, que na verdade é uma valiosa peça autobiográfica; 2) a percepção de Freud dos fenômenos superegóicos relatados em alguns de seus casos clínicos desde a pré-história da psicanálise; e 3) a teoria psicanalítica, sendo que o foco principal foi o período de investigação conduzido por Freud entre os anos de 1892 e 1923. Ao longo deste estudo foram ressaltados os principais atributos, a natureza, as origens e as funções que o superego desempenha no psiquismo humano e concluiu-se que o superego, por conta de seu vínculo com a pulsão de morte, de sua militância no id e de sua ascendência nos conflitos incestuosos e parricidas do complexo de Édipo, é uma estrutura psíquica por natureza violenta e cruel. Uma vez que a participação do superego é estrutural na organização psíquica, cabe ao ego controlar sua fúria, defendendo o psiquismo de seus ataques destrutivos. / This paper follows the trajectory of the concept of the superego in Freudian theory from the first signs of its development in 1892 trough hysteria clinic, to the point in 1923 when it was formally incorporated in his psychoanalysis, forming one of the pillars of the psychical apparatus next to the ego and the id. To achieve this objective, the author examined 1) Freuds personal and auto-analytical experiences as described by his biographers and by himself in both his book The Interpretation of Dreams and in the long and intense correspondence with Wilhelm Fliess; 2) Freuds perceptions of the superegos role in the human psyche as described in some of his clinical cases; and 3) psychoanalytic theory, focused mainly on Freuds work between 1892 and 1923. The author aimed to highlight the main features, the nature, the origins and the functions that the superego performs in the human psyche and concluded that the superego, because of its close link with the death drive, its confrontational relationship with the id and its emergence in the incestuous and parricidal conflicts of the Oedipus complex, is by nature a cruel and violent psychical structure. Given the superegos structural participation in the psychical mechanism, it is up to the ego to control its wrath, defending itself from the destructive assault of the superego.

This work in two parts – entitled Symbolic Function and Meaning: An Investigation of the Species-Specific Essence of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy – could be characterized as an interpretation of the above-mentioned therapy and the meaning of its particular experience. In the first part, besides a licentiate thesis, four topics are examined: the therapeutic framework, the transference – especially in neurotic form – and its interpretation, psychotherapy with borderline patients, and therapy with psychotics. This has been done by combining studies of literature with analyses of the transference meaning of a number of illuminative clinical examples or vignettes – anecdotes, i.e. narratives with a significant point – the main part of which are the outcome of the author’s own activity in the form of participant observation as a psychotherapist. The general conclusion is that promoting the symbolic function is the essential ingredient in the psychoanalytic form of therapy – its very rationality – and how it effectuates its unique therapeutic potentiality; a characterization which, despite obvious differences in the adequacy of symbolic functioning, is valid irrespective of whether the patient is diagnosed as neurotic, borderline or psychotic. In the second part – essentially of a theoretical nature in contrast to the preceding one – the study is influenced by philosophical hermeneutics, and in this process assimilates its particular conceptuality. The continued analysis of the research object shows that it is misleading, in view of its ontology, to conceptualize it in medical terms as treatment. Aimed at promoting the symbolic function by the transference being interpreted, psychoanalytic psychotherapy instead operates in an ethical dimension and is rather what Aristotle terms a praxis, on the one hand; on the other hand, it is moreover implicitly human science action research into intersubjective appropriation of meaning. In this latter respect, the investigation highlights the fact that the very special interview method in the form of free associations, with their reflexivity, gives the psychoanalytic form of psychotherapy the potential to be not only a qualitative research method but also simultaneously metaresearch. The analyses of the transference meaning of clinical anecdotes in the first part have thereby been able to be methodologically clarified retroactively as psychoanalytic metaresearch.

Abstract Toni Morrison¡¦s Song of Solomon deals with the African Americans¡¦ history of fighting for self-independence, while exposing their difficulties in forming a viable cultural identity. Focusing on the politics of naming, the motif of flight, and the constitution of African American manhood, Toni Morrison in this novel aims to provide a different reading/writing of African American history whereupon her people can develop an alternative strategy of identification politics. In this thesis, I problematize the notion of democracy¡Vthe ordained rights of human beings to pursuit liberty, happiness and prosperity¡Vby articulating the idea of the American Dream with African Americans¡¦ experiences of self-realization in a so-called democratic society. The purpose is to discuss whether or not African Americans can reverse and utilize their marginalized position as a critical stance for self-articulation to undo the racists¡¦ misnaming on African American people. With a special emphasis on Milkman¡¦s improvisation of the meanings of his family name, Dead, I discuss how the African Americans¡¦ distinctive way of double-talk can facilitate them to negotiate the apparent dualism to inscribe their hybridized identity and how this kind of creativity can help them produce an alternative narrative of their traumatizing as well as truncated history. Also, I intend to analyze both the limitation and liability of conventional psychoanalytic paradigm which is blind to the specificity of African American manhood and the problems peculiar to African American family. Though it is an undeniable historical fact that the African Americans do suffer from the aftermath of plantation slavery, they should be able to empower themselves by re-imagining a collective ancestry as a strategy to formulate an applicable identification politics. While narrating an inspiring genealogy for her people, Toni Morrison wraps up this novel with an open ending. This arrangement suggests to her people that the significations of their cultural identities be opened to further contestation and re-definition.

¡§Jasmine Flavored Tea¡¨ is one of the earliest published works of Eileen Chang. However, the autobiographic fiction which focuses its topic on ¡§looking for Father¡¨ has not been valued by the academic circle for a long time. In fact, ¡§Jasmine Flavored Tea¡¨ is the center text(centext) among Eileen Chang¡¦s works. She semioticizes this work according to its plot and then makes these elements metaphors of her later works. This is the key to discussions about the hypertextuality between the texts of Eileen Chang and the phenomenonal world. By using a new approach of criticism called ¡§the School of Super Searching,¡¨ this discourse attempts to blend the research achievements of modern anthropology, psychology and folkloristics into traditional searching, to do gender studies by searching ¡§psychological facts,¡¨ and to focus on the intertextuality between the plot of the fiction and the folk data. By means of the motive tied with folktales and folk customs, and of the related significant notions like misogyny, twins complex, endogamy desire, liminality and initiation rite, divine king and scapegoat, and individuation process, with a close reading on the text of ¡§Jasmine Flavored Tea,¡¨ this discourse explores how the pieces of symbolism and meaning in the text associate with the life experiences of Eileen Chang.The issues dealt by this discourse are as follows: 1. Lead a large amount of anthropological concepts into literary criticism, and make intertextual comparison between ethnography and literary works. 2. Clarify the countervailing process between masculinity and femininity in ¡§Jasmine Flavored Tea¡¨ by means of the connotative plot structures of the fairy tales, ¡§Iron John¡¨ and ¡§Little Red Riding-Hood,¡¨ in the text. Men gradually construct masculinity by adopting male violence in order to get rid of maternal swallowing and paternal castration. 3. The practical operatoins of Jung¡¦s theory in literary criticism: (1) Twins complex is an important complex to present the relationship between ego and Anima/Animus. (2) Synchronicity and the possibility of predictive text(predictext). (3) Clarification on the relationship between ¡§sukuu¡¨ and the self. (4) Application of the participation mystique on the narrative point of view. 4. Apollo¡¦s Neuroses- Reinterpretation of the implication for the incest by Oedipus in the texts of Eileen Chang. 5. There exists an association between fowls as the symbol of twins complex and Eileen Chang¡¦s family. 6. The riddle about Eileen Chang in her late years is an individuation process from putting on the wolf¡¦s skin to taking it off. 7. The comparison between the autobiographic works, ¡§Jasmine Flavored Tea¡¨ and Little Reunion.

Η παρούσα εργασία κινείται σε δύο θεματικούς άξονες που συγκλίνουν σε έναν κοινό παρονομαστή: στον μύθο του Οιδίποδα. Στο πρώτο μέρος αναλύεται ο τρόπος με τον οποίο ο μύθος αυτός και το παράγωγό του οιδιπόδειο σύμπλεγμα αποτέλεσαν την αφορμή και το πρωτογενές υλικό στην σύσταση της ψυχαναλυτικής θεωρίας της λογοτεχνίας, παρουσιάζοντας διεξοδικά τις απόψεις των κυριότερων θεωρητικών της, αλλά και αναλύοντας ένα πολύτιμο φροϋδικό δοκίμιο που εφαρμόζει τους καρπούς της στον ήρωα – αρχέτυπο του ελισαβετιανού θεάτρου, στον Άμλετ του William Shakespeare. Στο δεύτερο μέρος, αφού παρουσιαστεί ο πρωτογενής μύθος και ερευνηθούν οι καταβολές του, επιχειρείται μία βαθύτερη προσέγγιση στην πρόσληψή του στην νεότερη δραματουργία και τον κινηματογράφο, αναλύοντας την Καταχθόνια Μηχανή του Γάλλου Jean Cocteau και το κινηματογραφικό έργο Οιδίπους Τύραννος του Ιταλού Pier Paolo Pasolini, έργα που έχουν προφανή συνάφεια με τις φροϋδικές προεκτάσεις του οιδιπόδειου μύθου. / The present thesis moves in two themes with a common parameter: Oedipus myth. The first part refers to the way in which this myth and its product, Oedipus’ complex, have been the motive and the primal material for the construction of the psychoanalytic theory of literature, extensively presenting the views of its most important theoreticians, but also analyzing a precious Freudian essay which puts in practice its outcomes on the archetype-hero of the Elizabethan theater, Shakespeare’s Hamlet. In the second part, after presenting the primal myth and investigating its origins, we will penetrate into its perception in recent dramaturgy and in the cinema analyzing ‘The sinister machine’ of the French Jean Cocteau and the film Oedipus Tyrant by the Italian Pier Paolo Pasolini, which both have an obvious relevance with the Freudian extensions of the Oedipus myth.

Les jeunes marins que nous sommes amenés à rencontrer dans le cadre de notre activité clinique semblent être dans un balancement entre le désir de voyager et une tendance naturelle à vouloir rester à terre, à proximité de leur famille. Au-delà de la description symptomatologique, qui évoque ce que l’on appelle communément une dépendance affective, définie par le fait que le sujet a des difficultés à s’éloigner de ses repères affectifs, et est en proie, lorsqu’il y est confronté, à la dépression, nous nous sommes demandés si cette dépendance n’était pas en tout point constitutive de la subjectivité humaine. En effet, l’enfant se développe au plan psychique dans une dépendance à la mère, avant de s’autonomiser progressivement, tout en gardant inscrites dans son inconscient les marques de cette dépendance. Qu’est-ce qui, dans ce contexte, invite les marins au voyage ? Dans cette perspective, nous avons, par l’étude de la littérature classique, exploré le déterminisme de ces êtres, tel qu’il a été perçu et décrit par les écrivains au fils des époques. Nous avons découvert chez ces marins un dualisme entre volonté de découverte, d’exploration, et besoin de demeurer sur la terre ferme. Nous avons également mis en évidence que la navigation faisait office de contenant pour le psychisme, et permettait de lutter contre la survenue d’une dépression secondaire à la séparation. Nous avons aussi démontré qu’il existait chez certains de ces marins une réactualisation de la problématique œdipienne. Enfin, nous en avons conclu qu’il s’agissait pour eux de mettre en œuvre, au travers de cette problématique, leur propre rapport à la vie et à la mort. / In our clinical domain, we are bound to come across young sailors who seem torn between a sheer desire to take to sea and a natural attraction to the shore, close to their loved ones. The symptomatogical description, more commonly know as an emotional dependence, refers to the patient's difficulty to move away from his emotional markers and his proclivity to depression in such instance. Our research work has consisted in reflecting on the close link between that very dependence and human subjectivity. Indeed, a child's psychological development depends on the mother, retaining unconscious traces of that dependence while gradually acquiring his autonomy. So we may wonder what attracts sailors to embark on a journey in that particular context. Therefore we have explored the determinism of those beings as felt and described in classical literature. We have found that these sailors waver between exploring the world and staying ashore. We have also highlighted that navigating takes the role of a recipient to the mind/psyche and enables the subject to fight any depression resourcing from separation. We have also shown that some sailors experience a return to an oedipal condition. Finally, we have come to the conclusion that, by means of experience, sailors work through their own relationship to life and death.

Esta tese investiga as representações de maternidade em mulheres situadas na configuração monoparental feminina da contemporaneidade, analisando as implicações dessas significações no exercício da maternidade. Aborda as relações entre os significados, as atribuições da maternidade e a cultura, destacando as variações nas significações do ser mãe, atreladas aos deslocamentos dos sentidos do ser mulher, no curso do processo civilizador. Investiga as representações da maternidade para compreender a subjetividade da mulher-mãe na cultura contemporânea e os modos dessa exercer a função educativa no contexto monoparental, entendendo a centralidade do Desejo da Mãe na subjetivação do filho, na transmissão da ordem simbólica e na construção da sua cidadania. A pesquisa foi realizada com cinco mulheres sem cônjuge, com filhos, através de entrevistas semiabertas, sendo esse recurso empregado desde o campo conceitual da Psicanálise. A metodologia adotada foi a da pesquisa psicanalítica, em que o método freudiano de investigação dirigiu a escuta e interpretação das falas dos sujeitos. Para analisar essas falas, foram destacados elementos fundamentais desse grupo cultural, emergentes nos discursos das mulheres: a mãe, o filho e o pai. A base conceitual da Psicanálise sustenta a interpretação dos discursos das mães sobre o tema da maternidade, onde o narcisismo, a feminilidade, o complexo de Édipo e o Desejo de Mãe foram os eixos teóricos interpretativos principais, tomados na análise da subjetividade feminina. Na leitura e compreensão dessa temática, também foi realizado um diálogo com outras disciplinas das Ciências Humanas. A tese indica que os significados da maternidade e os modos de ocupação do lugar parental materno dependem das vivências narcísicas, identificatórias, edípicas e da economia de gozo da mulher, em conjunção com as expectativas culturais sobre parentalidade, filiação e conjugalidade. Em relação a essas questões, o estudo aponta a presença de pontos de tensão nas experiências das mães situadas na dobradiça, isto é, na transição da modernidade para a pós-modernidade. Os relatos permitem dizer que a Função Paterna inscrita na mulher, o pai simbólico da mãe, é o que torna possível a limitação da onipotência materna na configuração monoparental, assim como afirmar ser o pai real um importante agente na regulação da economia libidinal nessas famílias. Este estudo questiona o suposto da emergência de um matriarcado no laço social contemporâneo e o declínio da Função Paterna, assinalando que as mudanças da posição da mulher na cultura não implicam a realização da fantasia da mulher toda. Por outro lado, aponta uma possível mudança na economia pulsional das mulheres, naquilo que concerne ao gozo Outro, na maternidade. / This thesis investigates the representations of motherhood in women situated in the contemporary female single parent family configuration, analyzing the implications of these significations in the practice of motherhood. It approaches the relations among significances, motherhood attributions and culture, highlighting the variations in the significations of being a mother, linked to the displacements of the meanings of being a woman, along the civilizing process. It investigates the representations of motherhood in order to understand the subjectivity of the woman-mother in the contemporary culture and the ways they perform the educative function in the single parent context, understanding the centrality of Mother’s Wish in the subjectivation of the child, in the transmission of the symbolic order and in the construction of their citizenship. The research was developed with five women, no spouse, with children, by the means of semi-open interviews, being this resource used from the perspective of the conceptual field of Psychoanalysis. The methodology adopted was the psychoanalytic research, in which the listening and interpretation of the subjects’ speech was guided by Freud’s method of investigation. In order to analyze these speeches, fundamental elements of this cultural group, emerging from the women’s discourses, were highlighted: the mother, the child and the father. The conceptual basis of Psychoanalysis gives support to the interpretation of the discourses of these mothers about motherhood, where narcissism, femininity, the Oedipus complex and the Mother’s Wish were the main interpretative theoretical axes, taken in the analysis of female subjectivity. In the reading and understanding of this issue, a dialogue with other subjects of the Human Sciences was also developed. The thesis indicates that the significations of motherhood and the modes of occupation of the mother’s parental place depend on narcissistic, identification and oedipal experiences of the woman’s jouissance economy, associated with cultural expectations in relation to parenthood, filiation and conjugability. In relation to these questions, the study points to the presence of tension points in the experiences of mothers situated on the hinge, that is, in the transition from Modernity to Post-Modernity. From the reports, it is possible to say that the Paternal Function inscribed in the woman, the mother’s symbolic father, is what makes the limitation of maternal omnipotence possible in the single parent configuration, as well as to assert that the real father is an important agent in the regulation of the libidinal economy in these families. This study questions the supposed emergence of a matriarchy in the contemporary social bond and the decreasing of Paternal Function, pointing out that the changes of woman’s position in the culture don’t imply the coming true of the whole-woman fantasy. On the other hand, it points to a possible change in women’s drive economy, concerning the Other-jouissance, in motherhood.

Cette étude cherche à comprendre comment la production théorique dans le champ de la psychanalyse traditionnelle au Brésil décrit l’homosexualité et son rapport avec le concept psychanalytique de « complexe d’OEdipe », tandis que : a) il y a une reconnaissance scientifique que l’homosexualité per se n’est pas une pathologie, ce qui peut être observé dans des manuels diagnostiques comme celui du DSM et celui du CID ; b) l’instruction normative du Conseil Fédéral de Psychologie oriente les psychologues de ne pas agir de façon à "guérir" et/ou stigmatiser l'homosexualité; c) Il existe des critiques paradoxales (positives et négatives) aux textes freudiens concernant l'homosexualité; d) nous voyons une diffusion dans la culture d’un approche non-académique qui comprend l’homosexualité comme un défaut dans le processus d'OEdipe; e) notre recherche antérieure indique que des sujets qui ont eu une experience de thérapie psychologique disent que l’homosexualité a été vue par le(la) thérapeute comme une déviation d’un développement normal ; f) le processus défini comme psychanalisme par Robert Castel, d’une façon générale, indique comment la psychanalyse s'est institutionnalisée et a produit des effets dans le social, ce qui nous permet de penser que ce qui a été publié en théorie et clinique psychanalytique a influencé la société contemporaine occidentale. Quant à la démarche méthodologique, la recherche a été développée à partir d’une orientation archéogénéalogique qui se sert de la production théorique de Michel Foucault comme un moyen de réfléchir sur les conditions de possibilité de émmergence d’un discours psychanalytique déterminé. Nous avons alors cherché à comprendre les jeux de vérité qui traversent ce discours à partir de la problématisation des concepts et des approches naturalisés. Nous avons utilisé comme corpus de recherche, les articles publiés par la Revue Brésilienne de Psychanalyse dans la période de 1980 à 2010. Nous avons remarqué que les énoncés de la famille traditionnelle, de l'universalité du complexe d'OEdipe, de la menace de l'anti-OEdipe et de la racine phylogénétique font partie du réseau discursif de la psychanalyse traditionnelle. Celle-ci, nous pouvons le penser, est structuré sur les mêmes bases du discours du christianisme où les énoncés de culpabilité et de fatalité sont soulignés. Nous soulignons dans ce contexte que l'énoncé d'homosexualité renvoie à une connotation d'anomalie dans le discours psychanalytique. Nous concluons que l’homosexualité, lorsqu’elle est insérée dans le cadre théorique analysé comme équivalente à l'hétérosexualité, ébranle le réseau discursif de la psychanalyse traditionnelle, parce que celle-ci est le produit et au même temps une outil de renforcement du dispositif de la sexualité en affirmant l'hétérosexualité comme la norme. / Este estudo busca compreender como a produção teórica no campo da psicanálise tradicional no Brasil aborda a homossexualidade e sua relação com o conceito psicanalítico de “complexo de Édipo”, uma vez que: a) há o reconhecimento científico de que a homossexualidade per se não é uma patologia, o que pode ser observado em manuais diagnósticos como o DSM e o CID; b) a instrução normativa do Conselho Federal de Psicologia orienta os psicólogos e as psicólogas a não agirem de forma a “curar” e/ou a estigmatizar a homossexualidade; c) existem críticas paradoxais (tanto positivas quanto negativas) aos textos freudianos em relação à homossexualidade; d) se encontra a difusão na cultura de uma abordagem não-acadêmica que entende a homossexualidade como falha no processo de Édipo; e) pesquisa anterior aponta para o fato de que sujeitos que passaram pela clínica psicológica indicam que a homossexualidade foi vista pelo terapeuta ou pela terapeuta como algo que desvia do desenvolvimento normal; f) o processo definido como psicanalismo por Robert Castel, de uma forma geral, aponta para o modo pelo qual a psicanálise se institucionalizou e produziu efeitos no social, possibilitando pensar que o que foi publicado em termos de teoria e clínica psicanalítica influenciou a sociedade contemporânea ocidental. Quanto à perspectiva metodológica, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma orientação arquegenealógica, utilizando a produção teórica de Michel Foucault como forma de refletir sobre as condições de possibilidade de surgimento de um determinado discurso psicanalítico. Portanto, buscou-se compreender os jogos de verdade que atravessam esse discurso, problematizando conceitos e sentidos naturalizados. Utilizou-se como corpus de pesquisa os artigos publicados pela Revista Brasileira de Psicanálise no período de 1980 a 2010. Evidenciou-se que os enunciados da família tradicional, da universalidade do complexo de Édipo, da ameaça do anti-Édipo e da raiz filogenética fazem parte da rede discursiva da psicanálise tradicional. Esta, por sua vez, pode ser pensada como estruturada pelas mesmas bases do discurso do cristianismo, destacando-se os enunciados da culpa e da fatalidade. Ressalta-se nesse contexto o enunciado de homossexualidade remetendo a uma conotação de anomalia dentro do discurso psicanalítico. Infere-se que a homossexualidade, se inserida no construto teórico analisado como equivalente à heterossexualidade, abalaria a rede discursiva da psicanálise tradicional, uma vez que a mesma é produto e reitera o dispositivo da sexualidade, que afirma a heterossexualidade como norma. / This essay seeks to comprehend how the traditional Brazilian psychoanalysis theoretical production approaches the subject of homosexuality and its relation to the psychoanalytic prospect of “Oedipus complex”, once: a) there is a scientific acknowledgement that homosexuality per se is not a disease, what could be observed on diagnostic manuals such as DSM and CID; b) a normative act from Brazilian Federal Council of Psychology guiding psychologists neither stigmatize homosexuality nor to look for a cure for homosexuality; c) there are both positive and negative paradoxical critics concerning Freud’s texts about homosexuality; d) there is a cultural diffusion of a non-academic concept of homosexuality resulting from a failure to master the Oedipus complex; e) earlier researches indicates that many of those who experienced psychological clinics point that therapists usually considers homosexualism as something that departs from a standard behaviour; f) in a general form, the process defined by Robert Castel as psychanalysme points the ways psychoanalysis institutionalized itself on society and produced effects on it, making it possible to think that what was once published concerning psychoanalytic theory and clinics influenced contemporary Occidental society. Concerning the methodological approach, this research was developed based on an arch genealogical orientation, utilizing Michel Foucault theoretical production to sustain the possibility of emergence of a new psychoanalytic discourse. This essay also seeks to comprehend the truth games that go through such psychoanalytic discourse, problematizing concepts and meanings taken as naturals. Articles published on Revista Brasileira de Psicanálise from 1980 to 2010 were used as research corpus. It became evident that the discourse either from the traditional family, from the Oedipus complex universality, from the anti-Oedipus threaten, and from phylogenetic roots brings out part of the traditional psychoanalytic discourse, which could be thought as a structure similar to the one presented on Christianism, mainly on what concerns feelings of guilty and fatality. Based on this context, it is possible to highlight how homosexuality is treated as an abnormality in the psychoanalytic discourse. We may imply that homosexuality, if considered as equivalent to heterosexuality in the theoretical construct analysed in this essay, it would affect traditional psychoanalysis’ discursive network, once it is considered a product and it reiterates the sexuality device, which affirms heterosexualism as a norm. / Este estudio busca comprender cómo la producción teórica en el campo del psicoanálisis tradicional en Brasil aborda la homosexualidad y su relación con el concepto psicoanalítico de “complejo de Edipo”, una vez que: a) existe el reconocimiento científico de que la homosexualidad per se no es una patología, lo que puede ser observado en manuales diagnósticos como el DSM y el CID; b) la instrucción normativa del Consejo Federal de Psicología orienta a los psicólogos y a las psicólogas a no actuar de forma a “curar” y/o a estigmatizar la homosexualidad; c) existen críticas paradoxales (tanto positivas como negativas) a los textos freudianos con relación a la homosexualidad; d) se encuentra la difusión en la cultura de un abordaje no académico que entiende la homosexualidad como falla en el proceso de Edipo; e) investigación anterior señala para el hecho de que sujetos que pasaron por la clínica psicológica indican que la homosexualidad fue vista por el terapeuta o por la terapeuta como algo que desvía del desarrollo normal; f) el proceso definido como psicoanalismo por Robert Castel, de una forma general, señala para el modo por el cual el psicoanálisis se institucionalizó y produjo efectos en lo social, posibilitando pensar que lo que se publicó en términos de teoría y clínica psicoanalítica influenció a la sociedad contemporánea occidental. Cuanto a la perspectiva metodológica, la investigación fue desarrollada a partir de una orientación arquegenealógica, utilizando la producción teórica de Michel Foucault como forma de reflexionar sobre las condiciones de posibilidad de surgimiento de un determinado discurso psicoanalítico. Por lo tanto, se buscó comprender los juegos de verdad que atraviesan ese discurso, problematizando conceptos y sentidos naturalizados. Se utilizó como corpus de investigación los artículos publicados por la Revista Brasileña de Psicoanálisis en el período de 1980 a 2010. Se evidenció que los enunciados de la familia tradicional, de la universalidad del complejo de Edipo, de la amenaza del anti-Edipo y de la raíz filogenética forman parte de la red discursiva del psicoanálisis tradicional. Esta, por su vez, puede ser pensada como estructurada por las mismas bases del discurso del cristianismo, destacándose los enunciados de la culpa y de la fatalidad. Se resalta en ese contexto el enunciado de homosexualidad remitiendo a una connotación de anomalía dentro del discurso psicoanalítico. Se infiere que la homosexualidad, si inserida en el constructo teórico analizado como equivalente a la heterosexualidad, afectaría la red discursiva del psicoanálisis tradicional, una vez que la misma es producto y reitera el dispositivo de la sexualidad, que afirma la heterosexualidad como norma.

[pt] Este trabalho visa a discutir a concepção psicanalítica do amor masculino numa sociedade patriarcal falocêntrica. Partindo do argumento freudiano que se baseia na explicação edípica, discutimos a seguir a contribuição de Badinter, Ribeiro e Chodorow, que apontam para o lugar central do pré-édipo, e, principalmente, da identificação primária com a mãe na constituição da masculinidade, sempre secundária, de acordo com estes autores. Concluímos então que, em sociedades falocêntricas, tornar-se homem implica em afastar-se radicalmente da mãe e apagar do psiquismo os resquícios femininos adquiridos na relação com o objeto materno. Assim, constatamos que, em sociedades falocêntricas, os homens têm o amor como uma situação de risco e, por conta disto, constroem defesas contra este sentimento, sendo a cisão do objeto amoroso, apontada por Freud, apenas uma dentre muitas possíveis. / [en] This work aims to discuss the psychoanalytic notion of male love in a patriarchal phalocentric society. Starting with Freudian ideas based on the Oedipus complex we then discussed Badinter, Ribeiro and Chodorow`s contributions that consider pre-Oedipus identifications, and specially the primary identification with mother fundamental in the constitution of masculinity, which in their views is always secondary. Finally we concluded that in phalocentric societies becoming a man signifies to be radically separated from the mother and to delete from the mind the feminine traces acquired in the relation with the maternal object. Therefore, in phalocentric societies love is a dangerous feeling for men who protect themselves from it in different ways, splitting being one of them according to Freud.