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Flygbranschen står inför en omfattande omställning för att uppnå nationella och internationella hållbarhetsmål. Hållbarhetsarbetet inom flygbranschen vilar på tre pelare: flygplan, flygplatser och flygtrafikledning. Flygplatser kommer att under lång tid utgöra gränssnittet där fast infrastruktur möter rörlig. Omställningen innebär införande av ny teknik som ställer nya krav och skapar nya kontaktytor mellan aktörer. Verksamhetsfält fusioneras och skapar nya områden i en bransch som traditionellt är styrd av internationell lagstiftning, överenskommelser och konventioner. Innovation och nytänkande bromsas ofta av rigiditet i regelverk som har utvecklats till stelbenthet i attityder vilket ytterligare försvårar innovativ utveckling. På grund av att Norrköping Airport AB har svårigheter med att hantera inkommande förfrågningar har möjligheter att underlätta ärendehanteringen undersökts. För att kartlägga arbetssätt och skapa verktyg har teorier och metoder ur kvalitetsteknik använts, främst offensiv kvalitetsutveckling och Lean management. Intervjuer av nyckelpersoner vid Norrköping Airport har utgjort huvuddelen av datainsamlingen som har analyserats främst med avseende på nuvarande tillvägagångssätt. Studien resulterade i en kartläggning av nuvarande arbetssätt och ett förslag till en initial bedömningsmetod av inkommande förfrågningar i form av en checklista. Slutsatserna visar att dagens hanteringsmetod saknar struktur. Ett konsekvent sätt att hantera kundfokus, kvalitet i ärendehanteringen och att se hanteringen av komplexa förfrågningar som en process kan underlätta förbättringsarbetet. Tidigare forskning har visat att det är utmanande att hantera ärenden med dynamiska och föränderliga förutsättningar. Studiens bidrag är att användningen av det föreslagna verktyget kan effektivisera och påskynda initieringen av sidoprocesser, vilket i sin tur minskar den totala tidsåtgången för ärendehanteringen. / Aviation industry is facing a major change to comply with and fulfill national and international sustainability goals. Sustainability work within the aviation industry encompasses aircraft, aerodromes and air traffic management. Aerodromes are likely to remain the main interface between fixed and mobile infrastructure. The transition involves introduction of new technology, creating new requirements and contact surfaces between stakeholders. Fields of operation merge and create new areas, governed by international law, agreements and conventions where innovative thinking is held back by regulative rigidity and rigidity in attitudes, restraining innovating development. Due to difficulties in managing complexity in inquiries, possibilities in facilitating case management have been researched. When mapping working methods and creating the suggested tool, theories and methods from areas of quality engineering, offensive quality development and Lean Management have been used. Data collection has been done by interviewing key personnel at Norrköping Airport AB. Data have been analysed primarily to map the current way of managing inquiries. The research resulted in proposing an easy-to-use tool for making initial judgements concerning inquiries. Conclusions drawn, show lack of structure in the current management of inquiries. A consistent way of managing customer focus, case management quality and to consider management of complex inquiries as processes, could facilitate improvement activities. Previous research has shown that managing matters during dynamic and variable circumstances is challenging. The contribution of this research is that use of the proposed tool may improve effectiveness in case management and to speed up starting necessary side processes, affecting total time consumption.

In this thesis, a task-based qualitative study was conducted at a volunteer defense organization, the Swedish Working Dog Club (Svenska Brukshundklubben). The organization contributes to total defense by training patrol dogs and their handlers for the Home Guard. The Swedish Armed Forces have established guidelines for training instructors in volunteer defense organizations, from which Svenska Brukshundklubben had a dispensation until 2025. Consequently, they now need to create a new training process for their patrol dog instructors. This study aims to develop proposals for a new, quality-assured training process for Svenska Brukshundklubben, and to provide suggestions for implementing and managing the change process. To achieve this, data was collected through documents, statistical data, interviews, and surveys with experienced people within the organization. Offensive quality development is the study's foundation. In identifying proposals, Lean management was used as the main theory with a deductive approach. For implementation proposals change management theories were utilized. Svenska Brukshundklubben should implement a more standardized flow in their training process and introduce clearer routines and working methods. Standardization can facilitate the organization and improve process quality. The new training process is presented as a flow divided into three blocks. The first part covers basic instructor courses, the second addresses the experience and education required in canine knowledge, and the third includes specialized patrol dog courses followed by practical training. Svenska Brukshundklubben should also take central responsibility for their patrol dog instructors, actively manage instructor assignments, follow up, and exercise transformational leadership in the change process. / I det här examensarbetet har en uppdragsbaserad kvalitativ studie genomförts vid en frivillig försvarsorganisation, Svenska Brukshundklubben. Organisationen bidrar till totalförsvaret genom att utbilda patrullhundar och hundförare till Hemvärnet. Försvarsmakten har fastställda anvisningar gällande hur instruktörer vid frivilliga försvarsorganisationer ska utbildas, vilket Svenska Brukshundklubben fram till 2025 haft avsteg från. De behöver därför nu skapa en ny utbildningsprocess för sina patrullhundsinstruktörer. Syftet med studien är tvådelat, dels att ta fram förslag till SBK på en ny och kvalitetssäker utbildningsprocess, dels ge förslag på hur implementeringen och ledningen av förändringsarbetet kan genomföras. För att uppnå syftet har data insamlats genom dokument, statistisk data, intervjuer och enkäter med Sakkunniga. Offensiv kvalitetsutveckling är grunden för studien och vid identifiering av förslag har Lean management och Likers 14 principer nyttjats som huvudteori med en deduktiv ansats. I arbetet med förslag till implementeringsarbetet har Kotters åttastegsmodell för förändring nyttjats ihop med teori om förändringsledning. Svenska Brukshundklubben bör nyttja ett mer standardiserat flöde i sin utbildningsprocess samt införa tydligare rutiner och arbetssätt. En standardisering kan underlätta för organisationen samt höja processens kvalitet. Den nya utbildningsprocessen presenteras som ett flöde indelat i tre block. Den första delen berör de grundläggande instruktörskurserna, det andra blocket erfarenheten och utbildningen som krävs inom hundkunskap och slutligen blocket med kurserna specialiserade inom patrullhund följt av praktik. Organisationen bör även ta ett mer centralt ansvar gällande sina patrullhundsinstruktörer, ta en aktiv roll i tilldelning av instruktörsuppdrag, uppföljning samt utöva ett transformativt ledarskap i förändringsarbetet.

Malgré son échec sur le plan militaire, l'offensive lancée par les communistes vietnamiens lors de la trêve du Têt de 1968 entraîne une véritable crise politique aux États-Unis. Le fait que les troupes ennemies puissent mener un assaut d'une telle envergure sur les villes sud-vietnamiennes suscite alors de graves interrogations par rapport à la progression de la guerre et à sa gestion par l'administration Johnson. Cette crise couvre la période du 31 janvier, date du déclenchement de l'offensive, au 31 mars, jour où le président Lyndon Johnson surprend ses concitoyens en annonçant sa décision d'amorcer un désengagement d'Asie du Sud-Est, ainsi que son intention de ne pas briguer un nouveau mandat. Ce mémoire respecte les mêmes balises temporelles et s'attarde aux réactions des pouvoirs exécutif et législatif américains à la suite de ces attaques urbaines. L'accent est mis sur la position des « colombes » et des « faucons » en ce qui a trait à la manière de régler le conflit vietnamien et sur le désaccord qui règne entre ces deux groupes antagonistes au sujet des effectifs militaires et des bombardements. Son principal apport découle d'un usage systématique du Congressional Record en lien avec la question, par ailleurs fort documentée, de l'offensive du Têt.

Studiens syfte var att kartlägga skillnader mellan individuella faktorer och upplevelsen av social och organisatorisk arbetsmiljö hos studenterna på Jönköping University. Syftet var också att skapa en översikt och ett underlag för åtgärder åt uppdragsgivaren Studenthälsan. Den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön har i studien grundat sig på sex olika segment: krav, kontroll, socialt stöd, balans mellan studier och fritid, hälsa och välbefinnande samt kränkande beteende. Studien är kvantitativ och har grundat sig i en tvärsnittsdesign med en deduktiv ansats. En webbaserad enkät skickades i mars 2017 ut till de studenter på lärosätet som studerade minst 75 %, vilket genererade 1324 svar med en svarsfrekvens på 19,3 %. Data analyserades med hjälp av t-test med oberoende mätningar, oberoende envägs ANOVA och Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. Resultatet visade att framförallt kvinnor, äldre studenter, internationella studenter utanför utbytesprogram och inhemska studenter samt studenterna på Hälsohögskolan och den Tekniska högskolan upplevde den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön sämre än jämförelsegrupperna. Segmentet hälsa och välbefinnande visade upp lägst medelvärden av samtliga segment. Resultatet bekräftade befintlig teori med undantagen att äldre studenter upplevde den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön sämre samt att utbytesstudenter upplevde den bättre på lärosätet för aktuell studie. För vidare forskning föreslås kvalitativa studier som syftar till att identifiera orsakerna till de skillnader som uppvisade signifikanta värden. / The study's purpose was to map differences between individual factors and the perception of the social and organizational work environment among students at Jönköping University. The social and organizational work environment in this study is based on six different segments: demands, control, social support, balance between studies and free time, health and wellbeing and offensive behavior. The study is quantitative and is based on a cross-sectional design with a deductive approach. In March 2017, an online survey was distributed to students with a study pace of 75 % or more at the university. The survey generated 1324 responses with at response rate of 19,3 %. The data were analyzed with Independent Sample t-test, Independent One Way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. The results showed that particularly women, older students, international students who are not part of an exchange program, Swedish students and students from the Health and Technical Schools, perceived the social and organizational work environment more negatively than their comparison groups. The segment, health and wellbeing, showed the lowest mean score of all the segments. The study's results confirmed existing theories with the exceptions that the older students experienced the social and organizational work environment more negatively than the other students, and that the exchange students perceived it more positively. For further research the authors suggests qualitative studies to identify the causes of the differences that showed significant results.

The air campaign conducted by the RAAF in the North-Western Area during the Second World War has been largely ignored by historians yet it contributed significantly to the outcome of the Pacific war. This thesis sets out to discuss the campaign by considering various factors that impacted on the RAAF in the lead up to and during the course of the Pacific war and their relevance to the campaign. It looks at the way air operations were conducted in the North-Western Area between 1942 and 1945 and describes the role played by the flying squadrons based in the area. Using primary sources such as operational record books, documents and files at archives and libraries and interviews with veterans and experts the thesis found that the campaign was conducted in several phases. It started with the defence of Darwin. In keeping with overall allied strategy the RAAF then went on an offensive into what was then the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) using medium and heavy bombers and mine laying sea planes flying from bases in Australia???s north west. The NEI was vital to the Japanese war effort as a source of essential raw materials such as oil, timber, and rubber. To defend this part of their new empire the Japanese had amassed large military garrisons on the islands. The vessels used to transport troops and materials became the most important targets for the RAAF???s bomber squadrons. As General MacArthur???s forces advanced along the north coast of New Guinea the North-Western Area based units conducted raids into the NEI to deceive the Japanese into thinking an invasion would be launched from Darwin. As the New Guinea campaign gained momentum the RAAF???s task was to protect its western flank, to prevent the Japanese from moving troops and aircraft east to the Philippines. The thesis concludes the campaign was successful because Darwin was defended, it denied the Japanese vital materials for the conduct of the war and it kept hundreds of aircraft and tens of thousands of troops away from the allied advance.

Die Jugendberufshilfe versteht sich in ihrem Kern als ,Brücke zur Arbeitswelt' und ist in ihrem Maßnahmespektrum als zielgruppenorientierte, arbeitsweltbezogene Integrationshilfe angelegt. Die Veränderungen in der Arbeitswelt erschüttern jedoch die wohlfahrtsgesellschaftliche Grundannahme einer chancenoffenen, für alle erreichbaren Berufswelt. Der zukunfts-optimistische Lebensentwurf bricht sich an den Grenzen eines segmentierten Arbeitsmarktes, der die nachwachsende Generation vor schwierige und oft unüberwindbare Eintrittshürden stellt. Mit der Dissertation wird versucht, in einem historisch-systematischen Zugang die epochalen Muster der Vergesellschaftung von Arbeit im Spannungsfeld von industriekapitalistischer Entwicklung und sozialpolitischer Regulierung zu identifizieren. Die Wirtschaft und der öffentliche Sektor reagieren aktuell auf die Erschöpfung des fordistischen Produktionsregimes und auf die globalisierungsbedingte Dynamisierung mit umfassenden Restrukturierungen. Dabei werden gerade jene Zonen einfacher Beschäftigung (Jedermansarbeiten), auf welche die Jugendberufshilfe traditionell ausgerichtet ist, rationalisiert und zu anspruchsvolleren Tätigkeitsprofilen verdichtet. So steht die Jugendberufshilfe insgesamt und besonders in den neuen Bundes-ländern vor der Verlegenheit, die mit der Bereitstellung von erheblichen Finanzmitteln für ihre Maßnahmen verbundenen Erwartungen hinsichtlich solider Übergangsquoten (zum ersten Arbeitsmarkt) nicht einzulösen zu können. Darum ist sie herausgefordert, ihr tradiertes problemindividualisierendes Grundverständnis zu überwinden und über eine Neubestimmung ihres gesellschaftlichen Handlungsauftrags -adäquate Handlungsformen zu entwickeln. Die Frage der sozialen Integration und Desintegration, die in die lebensweltlichen Kontexte der Menschen als Bewältigungsproblem hineinreicht, wird zur zentralen Vermittlungskategorie zwischen sozialpolitischer und sozialpädagogischer Dimension. Die Gestaltungsfrage muß somit ihren Ausgangspunkt in den biographischen Bewältigungsaufgaben der Jugendlichen suchen: Die Jugendberufshilfe ist unter funktionalen Gesichtspunkten der Beschäftigungsentwicklung Ausfallbürge und Kompensationssystem der durch die Marktökonomie hergestellten Selektionsprozesse und Disparitäten. Um ihre Gestaltungsaufgabe ausfüllen zu können, muß die Jugendberufshilfe berufsqualifizierende und zugleich biografisch produktive Arrangements schaffen, die Jugendliche in ihrer Lebensbewältigung unterstützen. Dies kann - so die Essenz der Arbeit - nur gelingen, wenn die Jugendberufshilfe ihre defensive Maßnahmeorientierung überwindet und als Innovationsmotor in einer Verzahnung mit der regionalen Wirtschaft, der Beschäftigungsförderung und dem Dritten Sektor netzwerkorientierte Regionalentwicklungsprozesse anstößt und implementiert.

二次世界大戰時，美國擊敗日本，使朝鮮半島脫離殖民統治，然而隨後的美蘇冷戰，使得朝鮮半島分裂成南北兩韓，而美國與南韓簽訂條約，成立美韓同盟(U.S.–South Korea Alliance)，成為繼日本之後，美國在亞洲的另一個戰略同盟。冷戰與後冷戰期間，美韓關係雖有波折，但不影響美韓同盟的強度。直到2000年美國小布希就任，其強硬的北韓政策與南韓金大中的陽光政策形成對比，成了美韓關係不協調的開端。而後連任的小布希延續其北韓政策，南韓繼任的盧武鉉將陽光政策擴大實施，推出和平繁榮政策，美韓兩國的北韓政策再度不同調，兩國關係持續跌宕起伏至2008年。本研究試圖以攻勢現實主義分析美國此時期的北韓政策；以新自由制度主義檢視南韓的交往政策，透過理論交鋒研究兩國利益的差異，並檢視外部因素如中國、日本、俄羅斯的影響，進而解釋此時期美韓關係不協調的原因。 / In 1945, the U.S. defeated Japan. The Korean peninsula was liberated from Japanese colonization at the end of World War II. However, the confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union left two Koreas separated by the Demilitarized Zone from the Cold War to the present. In addition, based on the Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea, the U.S.–South Korea Alliance was established. During the Cold War and Post Cold War era, the U.S.-South Korea relations faced hard times, but the alliance remained strong. When George W. Bush became the president of the U.S. in the year 2000, his hardline policy toward North Korea collided with South Korea’s Sunshine Policy, which was made by the president Kim Dae-jung. These different policies toward the North caused tensions to the U.S.-South Korea relations. Then the re-elected Bush continued hardline policy against North Korea, but South Korea’s new president—Roh Moo-hyun—decided to inherit the sunshine policy and develop Peace and Prosperity Policy. Washington and Seoul still failed to reach a consensus on how to deal with Pyongyang. The U.S.-South Korea relations continued to fluctuate until 2008. This study tries to analyze the U.S. policy toward North Korea through offensive realism and examine South Korean engagement policy through neoliberal institutionalism from 2000 to 2008. Besides, this thesis also considers exogenous factors such as China, Japan, and Russia, trying to explain the inconstancy of the U.S.-South Korea relations.

The air campaign conducted by the RAAF in the North-Western Area during the Second World War has been largely ignored by historians yet it contributed significantly to the outcome of the Pacific war. This thesis sets out to discuss the campaign by considering various factors that impacted on the RAAF in the lead up to and during the course of the Pacific war and their relevance to the campaign. It looks at the way air operations were conducted in the North-Western Area between 1942 and 1945 and describes the role played by the flying squadrons based in the area. Using primary sources such as operational record books, documents and files at archives and libraries and interviews with veterans and experts the thesis found that the campaign was conducted in several phases. It started with the defence of Darwin. In keeping with overall allied strategy the RAAF then went on an offensive into what was then the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) using medium and heavy bombers and mine laying sea planes flying from bases in Australia???s north west. The NEI was vital to the Japanese war effort as a source of essential raw materials such as oil, timber, and rubber. To defend this part of their new empire the Japanese had amassed large military garrisons on the islands. The vessels used to transport troops and materials became the most important targets for the RAAF???s bomber squadrons. As General MacArthur???s forces advanced along the north coast of New Guinea the North-Western Area based units conducted raids into the NEI to deceive the Japanese into thinking an invasion would be launched from Darwin. As the New Guinea campaign gained momentum the RAAF???s task was to protect its western flank, to prevent the Japanese from moving troops and aircraft east to the Philippines. The thesis concludes the campaign was successful because Darwin was defended, it denied the Japanese vital materials for the conduct of the war and it kept hundreds of aircraft and tens of thousands of troops away from the allied advance.

本研究旨在探討中國大陸如何運用經濟工具與菲律賓、越南應處南海爭端。參照Keohane及Nye非對稱互賴理論（asymmetrical interdependence）提出之敏感性（sensitivity）、脆弱性（vulnerability）概念，本研究分析中國大陸自1997年採取「魅力攻勢（Charm Offensive）」策略，為其創造可供運用經濟誘因（economic attraction）及經濟脅迫（economic coercion）之戰略空間，期能使菲、越等經濟實力相對弱勢國家，在領土爭端方面知所退讓。然而，從經濟誘因之敏感性以觀，研究發現菲、越兩國例證，均無以支持經濟誘因能說服相對弱勢國家減緩聲索之論述。針此，研究者提出「信任（trust）」或可作為補強Keohane及Nye分析框架要項之一；意即中國大陸與其經濟夥伴之間若政治信任不足，則中國大陸欲藉提供經濟誘因，促其經濟夥伴在領土爭端有所退讓，勢必存在相當難度。另從經濟脅迫之脆弱性以觀，研究發現菲、越兩國例證顯示，有別於運用實質性手段（substantive measures）施壓造成之短期損失，採取象徵性手段（symbolic measures）所映射之高度風險與不確定性，對於威懾經濟實力相對弱勢國家，可能更具效力。 / This study explores how China has employed economic instruments in handling South China Sea disputes with the Philippines and Vietnam. Borrowing Keohane and Nye’s notations of sensitivity and vulnerability in asymmetrical interdependence, this study analyzes how China’s charm offensive strategy developed since 1997 has created tactical spaces for China to utilize economic attractions and economic coercions in making her weaker economic partners to concede in territorial disputes. In terms of sensitivity to economic attractions, nevertheless, findings in both cases fail to support the argument that economic incentives would persuade the weaker parties to refrain their claims. I argue that one of the missing elements in Keohane and Nye’s analytical framework is “trust”. Without sufficient political “trust” between China and her economic partners, economic attractions to induce concessions could hardly work. In terms of vulnerability to economic coercions, findings in both cases suggest that compared to the substantive measures stressing the short-term loss, the symbolic measures projecting to high degree of risks and uncertainties might be more effective to deter the weaker parties.