Svensk patenträtt har i stor omfattning harmoniserats med praxis utvecklad av det europeiska patentverket (EPO), vad avser patenterbarhetskriterier. Anledningen till harmoniseringen har motiverats av att det ska bli en mer enhetlig bedömning av patent i Europa. Harmoniseringen har i vart fall inte innefattat så kallad formell praxis, som innefattar regler om hand­läggandet hos det svenska patentverket, i förhållande till handläggandet av det vid EPO.   Vid Sveriges anslutning till European Patent Convention (EPC) år 1978, förespråkades att det svenska patentverket ansågs hålla en godtagbar standard i sin handläggning, men att det fram­tida förhållandet mellan svensk patenträtt och EPC kunde komma att innebära förändring om kvalitetsnivån inte kunde anses tillräcklig hög. Efter ett nyligen taget beslut av Patentbesvärsrätten (PBR) har Patent- och registreringsverkets (PRV) handläggning ifrågasatts, varför författarna valt att undersöka om en förändring av hand­läggningen vid PRV bör genomföras, i enlighet med det förslag som framställs i proposition 1977/78:1, med beaktande av praxis utvecklad av EPO.   I uppsatsen redogörs för hur EPO har tydligare regler avseende patent­ärenden än vad PRV har, varför en harmonisering av detta område bör diskuteras för säkerställandet av hög kvalitet vid handläggningen hos det svenska patentverket. Det är författarnas uppfattning att en ofullständig harmonisering även av formella regler resulterar i ett problem för säkerställandet av rättssäkerheten, eftersom lagregleringen i Sverige kan anses bristfällig. Således är det av intresse för svensk patenträtt att ta hänsyn till formell praxis utvecklad av EPO, alternativt, genom lagstiftningsförfarande, reglera bristen av tydliga regler.

[pt] Mística e corporeidade: experiência, ética e práxis em Simone Weil caracteriza-se por um trabalho de pesquisa que se desenvolve a partir da experiência mística corpórea da filósofa de Paris, Simone Weil, que viveu uma experiência práxis místico-ética unitária em seu corpo e alma. Essa experiência se intensificou ao sentir-se tomada por Cristo em sua própria carne. Demonstraremos essa experiência a partir de sua linguagem místico-erótica, que a faz entregar-se inteiramente ao Outro. Sua espera (en attente) pelo encontro com Deus, ou melhor, ser encontrada por Ele, permite uma vida de configuração ao corpo de Cristo, a partir da proximidade com a ética Paulina, solidarizando-se em sua própria carne com as dores da humanidade, assimcomo Cristo, que entregou seu corpo para todos, culminando na verdadeira experiência eucarística: dar-se em comida e bebida para os demais. De início, nosso estudo fundamenta-se em diversas áreas do saber como sociologia, psicologia e filosofia para discorrermos sobre a temática do corpo na contemporaneidade. Terá seu portoseguro na teologia. Em seguida, nossa reflexão será realizada à luz da experiência de Simone Weil. Identificamos essa experiência mística em duas linhas de reflexão. A primeira O corpo que sofre, incontinente e resistente; e a segunda, O corpo que ama, como sensibilidade para amar e vibrar. No último passo apresentaremos sinais de uma mística erótica apostólica de configuração ao corpo do Cristo a partir de Simone Weil que aponte caminhos para se viver a mística hoje. / [en] Mystique and embodiment: experience, ethics and praxis of Simone Weil is a research whose starting point is the mystical experience of the body according to the French philosopher Simone Weil, who had a mystical-ethical experience in praxis, merging her body and soul. Such experience was intensified when the philosopher felt as if Christ was inside her body. This experience will be demonstrated through its mystic-erotic language, which leads her to give herself up entirely to the Other. Her wait (en attente) for God, or in other words, her wait to be found by God, allowed her to have a life guided by the body of Christ, beginning with her closeness to the Pauline ethics, and showing her solidarity with the miseries of the human race, as the same as Christ did – He gave his body to everybody, which was in the end the real eucharistic experience: to give yourself as food and drink to the others. Initially, this study is based on many different areas, such as sociology, psychology and philosophy, so that we can discuss about the contemporary view of body. Our safe haven will be Theology. Afterwards, this research will be carried out in the light of Simone Weil s experience, which we reflected upon from two different perspectives – the first one the body that suffers, frail and resilient, and the second one The body that loves, with sensibility to love and to vibrate. Finally, signs of an apostolic erotic mystique to configure the body of Christ will be presented regarding Simone Weil as a starting point, since she has developed ways to live the mystique nowadays.

Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berg_Tabata_M.pdf: 1262218 bytes, checksum: ca659341dda85c79e707670a6cbe6599 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por pretensão estabelecer um diálogo críticoentre os textos de "juventude" de György Lukács e Pierre Bourdieu, ressaltando que, ao partirmos de um recorte temporal entre "juventude" e "maturidade", o fazemos enquanto uma divisão exclusivamente geracional a ser utilizada como recurso método-analítico. Logo, esta dissertação não tem qualquer pretensão em defender uma separação substantiva e radical entre as obras nesses recortestemporais ¿ capaz de fundar uma oposição: jovem X velho. Ao contrário, defendemos uma relação genética entre as etapas, ainda que com rupturas e mudanças qualitativas fundamentais. Elencamos, para tanto, duas categorias ¿ hipótese levantada por este trabalho ¿ que, a nosso ver, concentram a questão do lugar da subjetividade na teoria social, ou, para começarmos a apontar os pressupostos que perpassam nossa pesquisa, a relação entre a subjetividade (consciência) e objetividade, do ponto de vista de uma ontologia materialista do ser social. São elas: trabalho e habitus / Abstract: This work has the intention to establish a critical dialogue between the texts of "youth" of György Lukács and Pierre Bourdieu, noting that we do, to leave a time frame between "youth" and "maturity" while a purely generational divide to be used as a method-analytical resource. Therefore, this dissertation has no claim to defend a substantive and radical separation between these works clippings temporal - capable of founding an opposition: young X old. Unlike advocate a genetic relationship between the stages, and even with tear fundamental qualitative changes. We list both for two categories - hypothesis for this work - which, in our view, focus the question of the place of subjectivity in social theory, or, to begin to point out the assumptions that underlie our research, the relationship between subjectivity (consciousness) and objectively from the point of view of a materialist ontology of social being. They are: work and habitus / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestra em Sociologia

[pt] A espiritualidade cristã envolve uma dimensão de perspectiva experiencial pessoal e comunitária com Cristo. Nessa dissertação propomos que ela deve ser vista como caminho para uma vivência dialogal e prática, o que representa entender tal espiritualidade como necessariamente aberta ao diálogo inter-religioso, como reflexo de um Deus que se fez de todos e para todos. Para tal, partimos primeiramente de algumas conceituações, definições e correlações entre a espiritualidade cristã e a religiosidade; abordando também a percepção bíblica imprescindível para descrever esse cristão, como traço dessa espiritualidade que não se porta indiferente principalmente aos mais necessitados, sendo a verdadeira religião declarada por Tiago (1,27). A base de nossa pesquisa bibliográfica será o traço do Deus humanizado de Castillo e sua chamada espiritualidade para insatisfeitos, como também na marca do pontificado do Papa Francisco até aqui, através tanto de seus discursos, homilias e documentos oficiais que abordam e anunciam essa espiritualidade do cuidado, do acolhimento e da busca pelos mais frágeis e desprezados. Nesse caminho, fomos inclusive atingidos pela crise mundial da Covid 19 e confrontados a provar como, em meio à tamanha catástrofe, nos foi ofertada a possibilidade de reflexão e pertinência, de uma espiritualidade cristã que dialogue respondendo perguntas atuais; sendo curadora, acolhedora, eficaz e inspiradora ao outro, transformando-o em próximo, sem a necessidade de perda ou anulação de sua identidade. / [en] Christian spirituality involves a dimension of personal and communitarian experience with Christ. In this dissertation, we propose that this spirituality should be seen as a path to a dialogical and practical experience, which necessarily means understanding it as open to inter-religious dialogue as a reflection of a God who made Himself one of us all for all of us. To achieve this, we first adopt some conceptualizations, definitions and correlations between Christian spirituality and religiosity; also addressing the essential biblical insight to describe this Christian as a characteristic of this spirituality that isn t indifferent, especially towards the most needy, consistent with the true religion declared by James 1:27. The foundation of our research will be the humanized God as presented by Castillo and his so-called spirituality for the dissatisfied, as well as the impact to-date of Pope Francis s pontificate through his speeches, homilies and official documents that address and announce this spirituality of care, acceptance and the search for the most fragile and despised. Along the way, we were impacted by the global Covid-19 crisis and were faced with proving how, in the midst of such a catastrophe, we were offered the possibility of reflection and relevance, of a Christian spirituality that dialogues by answering current questions; being curative, welcoming, effective and inspiring to others, transforming them into neighbors, without the need to lose or annul their identity.

This essay examines a professional situation where the writer as a consultant is faced with a request for a ”tool” from one of the participants. This request elicits an emotional reaction that leads to the investigation of the tool-word as a metaphor. The Aristotelian concept of fronesis, the practical wisdom, forms the basis for the investigation. The tool-metaphor is seen as an effect of a neoliberal and hyper-individual culture that places the clinical psychologist in a combat between discourses. In an effort to find a more suitable metaphor, an associative comparison is made between the psychologist’s professional activity and dancing as an artform and phenomenon. Thinkers within the phenomenological and hermeneutical traditions as well as dancing philosophers enters into the investigation to highlight how dependent the psychologist is on an improvised interaction in the professional performance, and the importance of an ethically based view on human beings in this interaction.

Denna självstudie undersöker en lärprocess i improvisation med avstamp i historisk västerländsk konstmusikalisk repertoar och två sonater av Domenico Scarlatti. Syftet med projektet var att se hur min förmåga att improvisera påverkades av övning och att studera historisk improvisation. Under studiens övningsperiod utforskades improvisation med utgångspunkt i historiska improvisationstekniker och nutida forskning. Utforskningen ägde rum under tio veckor och dokumenterades med videoobservation och loggbok som sedan transkriberades och analyserades utifrån tematisk analys. I resultatet beskriver jag designen av min improvisationsövning och konsekvenserna av den designen. Utforskningen av improvisation gick från fri utforskning mot att begränsningar lades till under övningstidens gång. I resultatet kunde ett antal tecken på utveckling av improvisationsförmåga ses. Det framkom också att mina improvisationer blev mer stringenta, med stabilare flöde och med fler musikaliska idéer under projektets gång. I diskussionen diskuteras olika perspektiv på improvisation i relation till resultatet. / This study examines a learning process in improvisation based on historical western art music repertoire and two sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti. The purpose of this project was to see how my ability to improvise was affected by practice and study of historical improvisation. Improvisation was explored on basis of historical improvisation techniques and contemporary research during the practice period of this study. The practice period took place over ten weeks and was documented with video observation and a logbook, which then was transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. In the result section I describe my design of my improvisation practice and the consequences of that design. The exploration of improvisation went from free to exploration to a more restricted exploration by the end of the practice period. A number of signs of development of my ability to improvise could be observed by the end of the practice period. I also found that my improvisations became more stringent, with a more stable flow and with more musical ideas during the project. The discussion section discusses different perspectives of improvisation in relation to the result.

[pt] O presente trabalho discute a polêmica visão de Hannah Arendt relativa ao papel ocupado pela dimensão social no processo político contemporâneo. Arendt insurge-se contra a corrente articulação entre o social e o político, que instrumentaliza a prática política reduzindo-a a uma atividade secundária e, consequentemente, alienante. Essa visão de Arendt encontra fortes contrapontos em diversos pensadores da filosofia política que serão aqui tratados, com destaque para Jürgen Habermas e Seyla Benhabib. Para uma adequada compreensão da polêmica, três pontos são de fundamental importância: o conceito de distinção no pensamento de Arendt; sua teoria de ação política (oriunda da práxis aristotélica); e, finalmente, sua concepção de modernidade. / [en] The present dissertation discusses the Hannah Arendt s polemic vision of the role of social dimension in the current political process. Arendt claims that the ongoing way to articulate these two dimensions, leads to an instrumentalization of the political sphere which reduces it to a secondary role and therefore increases the process of alienation. This vision meets strong reactions by several scholars, who will be discussed herein, highlighting Jurgen Habermas and Seyla Benhabib. For a proper understanding of the subject, three issues are of paramount importance: the concept of distinction in Arendt s thinking; Arendt s theory of political action (from Aristotelian praxis); and the Arendt s idea of modernity.

Uppsatsen undersöker aspekter av Theodor W. Adornos konstellationsbegrepp såsom det presenteras i Negativ dialektik, för att visa dess potential som metod lämplig att adressera praktiska, politiska problem. Det kan tyckas motsäga Adornos negativa dialektik där tonvikten läggs på ett behov av kritiska förhållningssätt i filosofiska frågor, inte konstruktiva förslag, men författaren ämnar utveckla argumentationen i linje med Adornos kritiska teori. Uppsatsen går igenom bakgrunden till och aspekterna av konstellationen, där influenser från Hegel och Benjamin lyfts fram, innan en diskussion förs om dess konstruktiva element, med hänvisning till hur Adorno ser på relationen mellan teori och praxis. En rekonstruktion av Adornos användning av konstellationen i föreläsningen Den nya högerradikalismen utgör grunden för den avslutande diskussionen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att presentera en idé om konstellationens potential som teoretisk metod, som kan riktas mot praktisk förändring utan att upprätthålla status quo. / This paper explores aspects of Theodor W. Adorno’s concept of constellation, as presented in Negative dialectics, to show its potential as a method for addressing practical, political issues. While this can seem to contradict Adorno’s negative dialectics with its insistence on criticism rather than constructive proposals, the author seeks to develop the argumentation in line with Adorno’s critical theory. The essay moves through the background and aspects of the constellation, highlighting influences from Hegel and Benjamin, before discussing its constructive elements, with parallels to Adorno’s understanding of the relationship between theory and praxis. A reconstruction of Adorno’s use of the constellation in the lecture ”Aspects of the New Right-Wing Extremism”, acts as a structure for the final argumentation. The aim is to present an idea of the potential the constellation holds as a theoretical means for practical change that does not sustain status quo.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die religiöse Ansprechbarkeit der Leipziger Bevölkerung in der Plattenbausiedlung Grünau ist bedingt durch den DDR-Sozialismus als ,,Ersatzreligion" gering. Doch stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit die politische Wende 1989 auch zu einer religiösen Wende im Leben der Menschen geführt hat. Für diese Erhebung habe ich zunächst die Geschichte, die sozialistische Prägung, die Rolle der Kirchen und die postmoderne Beeinflussung untersucht. Die aktuelle religiöse Ansprechbarkeit ließ sich im Zuge der qualitativen Sozialforschung mithilfe von Interviews mit den Kirchenleitungen Grünaus und der Kategorisierung religiöser Dimensionen von Charles Y. Glock eruieren. Dabei wurde nach den Ritualen, dem Sinn im Leben, dem religiösen Wissen, den Konsequenzen im Alltag und dem religiösen Erleben gefragt. Abschließend habe ich die Ergebnisse im Blickfeld der Kontextualisierung ausgehend von der Praxispyramide (Praxis-Zyklus) missionstheologisch evaluiert. Die Lage in Grünau entspricht grundsätzlich der in Gesamtostdeutschland: Konfessionslosigkeit, die sich vom bekennenden Atheismus durch die indifferente Haltung zum Glauben unterscheidet, bestimmt das Bild. Zahlenmäßig liegt die Summe der Kirchenmitglieder in Grünau (ca. 8%) sogar noch unter dem Gesamtdurchschnitt Ostdeutschlands. Aber die empirischen Ergebnisse lassen eine steigende religiöse Ansprechbarkeit nach der Wende erkennen, der mit kontextgerechten und mentalitätsadäquaten Maßnahmen, wie z. B. christlichen postsozialistischen Feiern, einem Grünauer Trabbi-Cafe, einem Plattenbaukino und anderen schöpferischen Aktionen begegnet werden kann. The religious receptiveness of the people of Leipzig, in the estate of prefabricated houses of Grünau, is low, due to GDR-socialism as an "alternative religion". However, the question arises, as to which extent the political turnaround in 1989, also brought about a religious turnaround in people's lives. For this research, I first of all analysed the history, the socialist influence, the role of the churches, and the post-modern influence. The current religious receptiveness was elicited by qualitative social research interviewing church leaders of Grünau, and by making use of the categorisation of religious dimensions by Charles Y. Glock. In the process questions pertaining to rituals, the meaning of life, religious knowledge, the consequences in everyday life, and the religious experience, were asked. Thereafter, I evaluated the results mission-theologically, in sight of the contextualisation of the so-called praxis pyramid (praxis cycle). The situation in Grünau basically corresponds with the situation in all of East Germany: Not belonging to a church which differs from confessed atheism because of the indifferent attitude towards faith dominates the picture. Numerically, the sum of church members in Grünau (approximately 8%) is even below the overall average of East Germany. However, the empirical results show an increasing religious receptiveness after the turnaround which can be met by measures fitting the context and the mentality, for example, Christian post-socialist celebrations, a "Grünau Trabbi-Café" (a coffee shop), a cinema on the housing estates, and other creative actions. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / (M.Th.(Missiology))

In order to illustrate, I begin this report with an account of some of my experiences as a bilingual teacher, instructing curriculum designed to elicit student reflections their language ideologies and engaging praxis. The data includes student responses to a writing prompt and interview which elicited their language ideologies. Some of the student comments were striking due to their recognition of the higher status of English. The student-collected data aided me in evaluating my curriculum and instruction and inform my future practice. My report ends with a proposal to investigate these issues more deeply by conducting a study on student language ideologies. / text