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31	Filosofía y exégesis en las Enéadas. Las alas del alma plotiniana en su lectura del Fedro platónico Martino, Gabriel 09 April 2018 (has links) Philosophy and Exegesis in the Enneads. The Wings of the Plotinean Soul in his reading of Plato’s Phaedrus”. In the present paper, we examine the role exegesis plays in the philosophy of the Enneads and, in particular, the way in which Plotinus interprets Plato. With this purpose we analyze, in the first place, some revealing passages of Porphyrius’ Life of Plotinus in order to understand, on the one hand, how late Greek thinkers conceived the exegetic endeavour and, on the other hand, the way in which plotinian philosophy was considered by his contemporaries. In the second section of this work, we examine the treatise IV 8 of the Enneads and try to show some peculiar aspects of Plotinus’ exegetic procedure as well as of his reading of Plato’s Phaedrus. / En el presente artículo, examinamos el papel de la exégesis en la constitución de la filosofía eneádica y, en particular, el carácter de la interpretación plotiniana de Platón. Para ello, en primer lugar, recurrimos al análisis de algunos pasajes reveladores de la Vida de Plotino porfiriana que nos permiten comprender, por una parte, la manera en que los tardoantiguos concebían la tarea exegética y, por otra, el modo en que la filosofía de Plotino era valorada por sus contemporáneos. A su vez, en la segunda sección del trabajo, nos abocamos al examen del tratado IV 8 de las Enéadas e intentamos poner de manifiesto algunos aspectos puntuales del proceder exegético plotiniano y del modo en que el neoplatónico lee el Fedro de Platón. Philosophy Ancient Philosophy Plotinus Exegesis Platonism Undescended Soul Phaedrus Life Of Plotinus Filosofía Filosofía Antigua Exégesis Platonismo Alma Indescensa Fedro Vida De Plotino
32	Le Dialogue des langues. Style, énonciation et argumentation dans la première partie du Phèdre de Platon / The Dialogue of Languages. Style, Enunciation and Argumentation in the First Part of Plato’s Phaedrus Rehbinder, André 01 December 2017 (has links) La présente étude se fonde sur le postulat que le style de Platon dans le Phèdre entretient un lien nécessaire avec le contenu, que le style crée le contenu. Elle s’efforce de montrer que la description de ce lien suppose de prendre en compte les aspects énonciatifs de l’œuvre, c’est-à-dire à la fois la situation d’énonciation dans laquelle s’inscrit chaque réplique et la façon dont l’auteur s’adresse au lecteur. En effet, se fondant sur la notion bakhtinienne de dialogisme, elle définit la fonction du style par le fait d’orchestrer une pluralité linguistique : Platon représente différentes langues à l’intérieur du dialogue, la langue poétique, la langue technique des orateurs, ou encore la langue des philosophes qui l’ont précédé, et les met en dialogue, les confronte, créant ainsi une nouvelle conception de l’objet du dialogue, le discours d’abord, l’âme amoureuse ensuite. La situation d’énonciation révèle le travail sur le matériau linguistique et permet la mise en dialogue des différentes langues, tantôt en les distribuant entre différents personnages, qui deviennent chacun une source de sens pour les termes employés, tantôt en ajoutant au contexte immédiat dans lequel s’insère le mot un contexte large, qui demande, pour le même mot, un sens différent de celui qui est cohérent avec le contexte immédiat. En outre, certaines particularités de la situation d’énonciation remettent en cause les présupposés sur lesquels se fonde la compréhension d’un énoncé, notamment le principe de non-contradiction : ces particularités ne doivent pas être effacées, elles correspondent selon nous à l’intention de Platon et constituent des énigmes interprétatives qu’il pose au lecteur. / This study is based on the thesis that Plato’s style in the Phaedrus creates the content. The study attempts to show that in order to describe this interaction one has to take into consider the enunciative aspects of the text, that is the enunciative situation into which every phrase subscribes and the way the author addresses to the reader. In fact, based on Bakhtin’s notion of the dialogism, our work defines the function of the style by the means of orchestrating a linguistic plurality: Plato presents different languages inside the dialogue, such as the poetic language, the orators’ technic language or also the language of the philosophers who had preceded him; he makes them interact and confront between them, creating by this a new concept of the dialogue’s object, i.e. the speech and the enamoured soul. The enunciative situation reveals the work done on the linguistic material and permits to implement the dialogue between different languages either by attributing these languages to different characters, who become themselves a source of the sense for the terms employed, or by adding to the word’s immediate context a much larger context who demands, for the same word, a new sense different from the one who is coherent with the immediate context. In addition, some particularities of the enunciative situation question the assumptions on which is based the understanding of any statement, in particular, the principle of non-contradiction : according to our theory, these particularities shouldn’t be erased, they correspond to Plato’s intention and form the interpretative riddles that Plato addresses to the reader. Platon Phèdre Style Énonciation Argumentation Langue Poésie Bakhtine (1895-1975) Terminologie Plato Phaedrus Style Enunciation Argumentation Language Poetry Bakhtin (1895-1975) Terminology
33	Healing the Cartesian Split: Understanding and Renewing Pathos in Academic Writing Washburn, Travis 02 July 2012 (has links) (PDF) There have always been rogues who dared to go against the traditional "intellectual" writing style of science and academia, a style that seems bent on transcending the "merely personal." Those who take this risk are embracing the rhetorical tradition of pathos, one that goes as far back as Aristotle. Current academic trends support a genre devoid of pathos and lacking true ethos—a deviation from classic rhetoric, and one that supports the Cartesian split of mind-body dualism. Neurological studies done by Antonio Damasio and others suggest that a holistic view is a more accurate picture of how a human soul functions. Philosophy and psychology support this same perspective, proving that the opposite of logic is not emotion: the opposite of logic is illogic. By the same token, there are two types of emotion: reasonable emotion and unreasonable emotion, one good, the other bad. There are dangers when emotion is left on its own, but there are equal dangers when logic is left on its own; so it is crucial that the two be united. Changing the academic super-genre and inviting pathos back will require writers to pursue, to an extent, divergent thinking. emotion pathos reason logic academic writing Cartesian split Phaedrus genre Antonio Damasio Daniel Kahneman Robert Solomon Amy Devitt English Language and Literature
34	Varför är Platon poet? Svanefjord, Natasha January 2015 (has links) Denna uppsats utforskar vikten av att läsa Platon inte bara som en filosof men också som en poet med utgångspunkt i dialogformen och genom begreppet mimesis. Plato The Republic Republic Phaedo Phaedrus aesthetics philosophical poetry banishment banishment of the poets philosophy philosophical art mimesis dialogue philosophical dialogue Platon poesi filosofi Staten Faidros Faidon estetik filosofisk poesi bannlysningen poeterna bannlysningen av poeterna bok x dialogform dialogformen antiken mimesis
35	De l'omphalos de la Terre à la cité céleste d'Apollon. Etudes sur la doctrine de la Tétractys dans le pythagorisme ancien jusqu'à Platon/ From Earth's Omphalos to Apollo's Celestial City. A study on the Doctrine of Tetractys in Ancient Pythagoreanism to Plato Viltanioti, Irini F 29 November 2010 (has links) La doctrine pythagoricienne de la Tétractys est sans doute une des questions les plus délicates de l’histoire de la philosophie. Elle représente non seulement une des théories essentielles de l’arithmologie, mais aussi, ainsi que la doxographie ancienne en témoigne, « le plus grand secret et le fondement de la philosophie pythagoricienne ». Armand Delatte, dans ses classiques Etudes sur la littérature pythagoricienne, a souligné l’importance véhiculée par ce philosophème. Dans la première partie, « méthodologique », de notre étude, nous traitons du lien entre Platon et la pensée pythagoricienne, en prenant comme fil conducteur trois notions essentielles: le silence voué des initiés de l’ordre et la pratique du secret ; l’expression énigmatique et « symbolique » ; la pratique de l’allégorie (hyponoia), indissolublement associée, elle, à celle du mythe. La deuxième partie de notre travail est centrée sur le témoignage le plus ancien au sujet de la Tétractys, à savoir sur la fameuse maxime des Acousmatiques : « Qu’est-ce que l’oracle des Delphes ? La Tétractys, c'est-à-dire l’harmonie où se trouvent les Sirènes ». En outre, en modérant, d’une certaine manière, l’ « ésotérisme historique » de l’Ecole de Tübingen, dont nous nous prenons des distances quant à certains points (comme, par exemple, l’importance de la méthode allégorique), nous tentons, dans la troisième et dernière partie de notre étude, de lire certains passages mythiques de Platon comme des allégories susceptibles d’être comprises et de trouver leur cohérence à la lumière de la tradition indirecte, voire de la théorie platonicienne sur les nombres, théorie intimement liée à la doctrine pythagoricienne de la Tétractys. Dans cet ordre d’idées, à partir de la République et du Timée jusqu’au Phèdre et au Gorgias, la mathématisation platonicienne de la réalité se verrait intégrée aux mythes, dont la somptuosité poétique ne serait qu’une image de l’enchantement philosophique entraînant l’élévation de l’âme vers l’Un – Bien. Bien qu’ayant toujours présents à l’esprit les dangers auxquels notre étude s’expose, nous n’avons pas toujours su les éliminer. Nous ne méconnaissons aucunement ses lacunes et ses faiblesses. Nous considérons en revanche que son avantage réside en ce qu’elle tente de contribuer à éclairer d’une lumière nouvelle certains aspects méconnus. C’est sans doute là que se situe le danger, mais aussi son intérêt. Phèdre Gorgias secret arithmology nombre nuptial Ideal Numbers oral doctrines harmony of the Spheres Delphes Timaeus Republic Phaedrus arithmologie solides platoniciens/allegory Delphes harmonie des sphères doctrines orales Nombres Idéaux Timée République platonic solids Gorgias nuptial number allégorie symbolisme symbolism
36	A Multiform Desire : A Study of Appetite in Plato’s Timaeus, Republic and Phaedrus Pettersson, Olof January 2013 (has links) This dissertation is a study of appetite in Plato’s Timaeus, Republic and Phaedrus. In recent research is it often suggested that Plato considers appetite (i) to pertain to the essential needs of the body, (ii) to relate to a distinct set of objects, e.g. food or drink, and (iii) to cause behaviour aiming at sensory pleasure. Exploring how the notion of appetite, directly and indirectly, connects with Plato’s other purposes in these dialogues, this dissertation sets out to evaluate these ideas. By asking, and answering, three philosophically and interpretatively crucial questions, individually linked to the arguments of the dialogues, this thesis aims to show (i) that the relationship between appetite and the body is not a matter of survival, and that appetite is better understood in terms of excess; (ii) that appetite is multiform and cannot be defined in terms of a distinct set of objects; and (iii) that appetite, in Plato, can also pertain to non-sensory objects, such as articulated discourse. Chapter one asks what the universe can teach us about embodied life. It argues that Plato, in the Timaeus, works with an important link between the universe and the soul, and that the account of disorder, irrationality and multiformity identifying a pre-cosmic condition of the universe provides a key to understanding the excessive behaviour and condition of a soul dominated by appetite. Chapter two asks why the philosophers of the Republic’s Kallipolis return to the cave, and suggests that Plato’s notion of the noble lie provides a reasonable account of this. By exploring the Republic’s ideas of education, poetry and tradition, it argues that appetite – a multiform and appearance oriented source of motivation – is an essential part of this account. Chapter three asks why Socrates characterizes the speeches of the Phaedrus as deceptive games. It proposes that this question should be understood in the light of two distinctions: one between playful and serious discourse and one between simple and multiform. It argues that the speeches of the Phaedrus are multiform games, and suggests that appetite is the primary source of motivation of the soul addressed, personified by Phaedrus. Philosophy Ancient Philosophy Plato Appetite Desire Epithymia Soul Tripartition Multiform Poikilos Timaeus Republic Phaedrus Embodiment Incarnation Necessity Philosopher-kings Allegory of the Cave Noble Lie Poetry Multi-headed Beast Game Play Rhetoric Dialectic Deception.
37	Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics Bader, Daniel 14 February 2011 (has links) Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics examines the Platonic theory of craft and shows its application to different ethical problems in medicine, both ancient and modern. I begin by elucidating the Platonic use of the term “craft” or “technē”, using especially the paradigmatic craft of medicine, and explicate a number of important principles inherent in his use of the term. I then show how Plato’s framework of crafts can be applied to two ancient debates. First, I show how Plato’s understanding of crafts is used in discussing the definition of medicine, and how he deals with the issue of “bivalence”, that medicine seems to be capable of generating disease as well as curing it. I follow this discussion into Aristotle, who, though he has a different interpretation of bivalence, has a solution in many ways similar to Plato’s. Second, I discuss the relevance of knowledge to persuasion and freedom. Rhetors like Gorgias challenge the traditional connections of persuasion to freedom and force to slavery by characterizing persuasion as a type of force. Plato addresses this be dividing persuasion between sorcerous and didactic persuasion, and sets knowledge as the new criterion for freedom. Finally, I discuss three modern issues in medical ethics using a Platonic understanding of crafts: paternalism, conclusions in meta-analyses and therapeutic misconceptions in research ethics. In discussing paternalism, I argue that tools with multiple excellences, like the body, should not be evaluated independently of the uses to which the patient intends to put them. In discussing meta-analyses, I show how the division of crafts into goal-oriented and causal parts in the Phaedrus exposes the confusion inherent in saying that practical conclusions can follow directly from statistical results. Finally, I argue that authors like Franklin G. Miller and Howard Brody fail to recognize the hierarchical relationship between medical research and medicine when they argue that medical research ethics should be autonomous from medical ethics per se. Plato Medical Ethics Aristotle Techne Craft Rhetoric Contraries Predication Autonomy Paternalism Research Ethics Therapeutic Misconception Meta-Analysis Gorgias Laws Euthydemus Eleutheria Episteme Hippocrates Persuasion Bia Peitho Health Disease Measurement Metaphysics Phaedrus Privation Franklin G. Miller Education Informed Consent Freedom Lysias Hippias Minor Philebus Statesman Sophist Charmides Republic Protagoras Kolakeia Flattery Arche Essence Definition Suppliant Maidens Heraclidae Philoctetes Slavery Competition 0422
38	Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics Bader, Daniel 14 February 2011 (has links) Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics examines the Platonic theory of craft and shows its application to different ethical problems in medicine, both ancient and modern. I begin by elucidating the Platonic use of the term “craft” or “technē”, using especially the paradigmatic craft of medicine, and explicate a number of important principles inherent in his use of the term. I then show how Plato’s framework of crafts can be applied to two ancient debates. First, I show how Plato’s understanding of crafts is used in discussing the definition of medicine, and how he deals with the issue of “bivalence”, that medicine seems to be capable of generating disease as well as curing it. I follow this discussion into Aristotle, who, though he has a different interpretation of bivalence, has a solution in many ways similar to Plato’s. Second, I discuss the relevance of knowledge to persuasion and freedom. Rhetors like Gorgias challenge the traditional connections of persuasion to freedom and force to slavery by characterizing persuasion as a type of force. Plato addresses this be dividing persuasion between sorcerous and didactic persuasion, and sets knowledge as the new criterion for freedom. Finally, I discuss three modern issues in medical ethics using a Platonic understanding of crafts: paternalism, conclusions in meta-analyses and therapeutic misconceptions in research ethics. In discussing paternalism, I argue that tools with multiple excellences, like the body, should not be evaluated independently of the uses to which the patient intends to put them. In discussing meta-analyses, I show how the division of crafts into goal-oriented and causal parts in the Phaedrus exposes the confusion inherent in saying that practical conclusions can follow directly from statistical results. Finally, I argue that authors like Franklin G. Miller and Howard Brody fail to recognize the hierarchical relationship between medical research and medicine when they argue that medical research ethics should be autonomous from medical ethics per se. Plato Medical Ethics Aristotle Techne Craft Rhetoric Contraries Predication Autonomy Paternalism Research Ethics Therapeutic Misconception Meta-Analysis Gorgias Laws Euthydemus Eleutheria Episteme Hippocrates Persuasion Bia Peitho Health Disease Measurement Metaphysics Phaedrus Privation Franklin G. Miller Education Informed Consent Freedom Lysias Hippias Minor Philebus Statesman Sophist Charmides Republic Protagoras Kolakeia Flattery Arche Essence Definition Suppliant Maidens Heraclidae Philoctetes Slavery Competition 0422
39	De l'omphalos de la Terre à la cité céleste d'Apollon: études sur la doctrine de la Tétractys dans le pythagorisme ancien / From Earth's Omphalos to Apollo's celestial city: a study on the doctrine of Tetractys in ancient pythagoreanism to Plato Viltanioti, Irini Fotini 29 November 2010 (has links) La doctrine pythagoricienne de la Tétractys est sans doute une des questions les plus délicates de l’histoire de la philosophie. Elle représente non seulement une des théories essentielles de l’arithmologie, mais aussi, ainsi que la doxographie ancienne en témoigne, « le plus grand secret et le fondement de la philosophie pythagoricienne ». Armand Delatte, dans ses classiques Etudes sur la littérature pythagoricienne, a souligné l’importance véhiculée par ce philosophème. Dans la première partie, « méthodologique », de notre étude, nous traitons du lien entre Platon et la pensée pythagoricienne, en prenant comme fil conducteur trois notions essentielles: le silence voué des initiés de l’ordre et la pratique du secret ;l’expression énigmatique et « symbolique » ;la pratique de l’allégorie (hyponoia), indissolublement associée, elle, à celle du mythe. La deuxième partie de notre travail est centrée sur le témoignage le plus ancien au sujet de la Tétractys, à savoir sur la fameuse maxime des Acousmatiques :« Qu’est-ce que l’oracle des Delphes ?La Tétractys, c'est-à-dire l’harmonie où se trouvent les Sirènes ». En outre, en modérant, d’une certaine manière, l’ « ésotérisme historique » de l’Ecole de Tübingen, dont nous nous prenons des distances quant à certains points (comme, par exemple, l’importance de la méthode allégorique), nous tentons, dans la troisième et dernière partie de notre étude, de lire certains passages mythiques de Platon comme des allégories susceptibles d’être comprises et de trouver leur cohérence à la lumière de la tradition indirecte, voire de la théorie platonicienne sur les nombres, théorie intimement liée à la doctrine pythagoricienne de la Tétractys. Dans cet ordre d’idées, à partir de la République et du Timée jusqu’au Phèdre et au Gorgias, la mathématisation platonicienne de la réalité se verrait intégrée aux mythes, dont la somptuosité poétique ne serait qu’une image de l’enchantement philosophique entraînant l’élévation de l’âme vers l’Un – Bien. Bien qu’ayant toujours présents à l’esprit les dangers auxquels notre étude s’expose, nous n’avons pas toujours su les éliminer. Nous ne méconnaissons aucunement ses lacunes et ses faiblesses. Nous considérons en revanche que son avantage réside en ce qu’elle tente de contribuer à éclairer d’une lumière nouvelle certains aspects méconnus. C’est sans doute là que se situe le danger, mais aussi son intérêt. <p> <p> / Doctorat en Philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Sciences humaines Philosophie de la religion Philosophy, Ancient Pythagoras and Pythagorean school Harmony of the spheres Philosophie ancienne Pythagorisme Harmonie cosmique Phèdre Gorgias secret arithmology nombre nuptial Ideal Numbers oral doctrines harmony of the Spheres Delphes Timaeus Republic Phaedrus arithmologie solides platoniciens/allegory harmonie des sphères doctrines orales Nombres Idéaux Timée République platonic solids nuptial number allégorie symbolisme symbolism
40	Platos Phaedrus: dialectic as the method of philosophical inquiry / O Fedro de Platão: dialética como o método de investigação filosófica Madriñan Molina, Adriana 13 December 2017 (has links) Plato thought that dialectic is the method of philosophical inquiry. Yet there is no agreement between scholars regarding Plato\'s view of dialectic. The dominant interpretation, dating back to Robinson\'s Plato\'s Earlier Dialectic, which I call the \"discontinuous\" interpretation (DI), assumes a significant gap between Plato\'s account of dialectic as it is presented in the course of the dialogues. As such, although Plato considered dialectic as the method of philosophical inquiry, the term \'Dialectic\' is just a façon de parler conveying the method he deemed most suitable at different moments. One should note that (DI) entails the following trilemma: Plato\'s dialectic, as the method of philosophical inquiry, must be identified with either Elenchus (E), Hypothesis (H) or Collection & Division (C&D). For example, Irwin (1988:7) argues that one should identify dialectic with (E) while Benson (2015:238) argues that one should identify dialectic with (H). In contrast with (DI), the goal of this dissertation is to defend a \"continuous\" interpretation (CI): Plato introduced a unified view of dialectic as the method of philosophical inquiry in the Phaedrus. My argument supporting (CI) relies on three main premises: (1) The so-called three methods, (E), (H) and (C&D), are three different procedures of one διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη; (2) Plato\'s διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη is both a method of communication and a method of discovering truth; and (3) The Phaedrus (261a-266b) contains Plato\'s unified view of διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη, conceived as an amalgam of (E), (H) and (C&D), and a method of communication and a method of discovering truth. / Platão pensou que a dialética é o método de investigação filosófica. No entanto, não há consenso entre os estudiosos a respeito da sua visão da dialética. A interpretação dominante, que se remonta ao trabalho de Robinson Plato\'s Earlier Dialectic, que eu chamo de interpretação \"descontínua\" (ID), pressupõe que há uma ruptura na visão de Platão sobre a dialética no decorrer dos seus diálogos. Isto significa que ele considerou a dialética como o método de investigação filosófica, mas o termo \'dialética\' é apenas uma façon de parler para se referir ao método que considerou mais adequado em diferentes momentos. Portanto, (ID) implica o seguinte trilema: Devese identificar a visão de Platão sobre a dialética, enquanto o método de investigação filosófica, com o Elenchus (E), com a Hypotesis (H), ou com a Coleção & Divisão (C&D)? Por exemplo, Irwin (1988: 7) afirma que a dialética deve ser identificada com (E), enquanto Benson (2015: 238) afirma que a dialética deve ser identificada com (H). Em contraste com (ID), o objetivo do presente trabalho é defender uma interpretação \"contínua\" (IC): No Fedro Platão introduz uma visão unificada da dialética como método de investigação filosófica. Meu argumento para defender (IC) está baseado em três premissas: (1) os chamados três métodos, (E), (H) e (C&D) são realmente três procedimentos diferentes de uma διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη; (2) a τέχνη διαλεκτικὴ de Platão é o método de comunicação e descoberta da verdade; e (3) o Fedro (261a-266b) contém a visão unificada de Platão sobre a διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη, concebida como uma amálgama de (E), (H) e (C e D), e o método de comunicação e descoberta da verdade. Dialectic Dialética Elenchus Elenchus Hipótese Hypothesis Method of philosophical inquiry Método de investigação filosófica O Fedro Phaedrus Platão Plato

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