This study aims to explore how secondary prevention carried out at a Honduran institution for youth at risk is experienced by its professional workers and former residents. This qualitative research is based on ethnographic approaches conducted at Hogar de Niños Renacer, Tegucigalpa, which is a facility for institutional care of youth at risk. Renacer applies a holistic, multidimensional approach to preventive work by covering various dimensions of youth development such as needs for emotional care, education, and spiritual growth. All research participants claim that positive aspects of Renacer include the provision of such possibilities. The project is constantly developing and accommodates various areas in need of improvement such as acquiring sufficient, competent staff. The majority of individuals who have participated in Renacer‟s project are proven to establish a functioning adult life after leaving the institution.

Sexual abuse is a global issue that can result in psychosocial consequences for the on that has been abused. Statistics show that girls and boys in high school age are among the group that are most vulnerable to sexual abuse and studies shows that high school counselors have or should have resources that can help students that has been abused. The purpose of this study is, through interviews study the work of high school counselors regarding students that have been sexually abused but also how they work to prevent sexual abuse. We also wanted to investigate if there are any differences in the mode of work depending on gender. Our study is based on interviews of six high school counselors that we interviewed in person at their work place. To analyze our data, we took help from previous research on the subject but also theories about action space, sexuality and gender. Our result shows that the high school counselors work in different ways to help students that have been sexually abused but there are no specific guidelines on how the high school counselors are supposed to work to prevent sexual abuse and deal with students that have been abused. Their main job is to be a support system for the student if she or he need to talk to somebody and guide the student through the process of pressing chargers or contacting different authorities. It became evident in our study that prevention and the way of dealing with sexual abuse needs to improve in the high school counselors’ work, which most of the school counselors said themselves. None of the counselors said that they work differently based on the student´s gender but half of them used the word boy when describing the perpetrator and girl when describing the victim. With the help of our theory we could see that there is a perception in society where the male gender is often seen as the perpetrator and that this perception affects how high school counselors see and talk about sexual abuse. This perception makes it also more difficult for boys to talk about sexual abuse and also realize when they have been victims of sexual abuse.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur enhetschefer arbetar med sjukskrivningar på grund av arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa inom offentlig äldreomsorg. Utifrån syftet har fyra frågeställningar bearbetats fram för att utveckla och öka förståelsen till studiens problemområde. Studiens metodval är kvalitativa intervjuer med en hermeneutisk ansats och tematisk analys som bearbetningsmetod. De kvalitativa intervjuerna gjordes med nio stycken enhetschefer från två olika kommuner i södra Sverige. Resultatet visade att enhetschefer har handlingsutrymme att arbeta förebyggande för att reducera sjukskrivningar och att det skiljde sig åt från hur rehabilitering hanteras. Enhetschefer inom äldreomsorgen har tydliga riktlinjer när det handlar om rehabilitering medan det förebyggande arbetet inte har det. Det finns därmed handlingsutrymme för att arbeta mer förebyggande för att reducera sjukskrivningar. Alla respondenter hade förståelse om att det förebyggande arbetet är en viktig faktor för att sjukskrivningar ska reduceras men att tid och antal medarbetare kan försvåra att det förebyggande arbetet prioriteras. Nyckelord: / The purpose of the study is to investigate how unit managers work with sick leave due to work-related mental health in public elderly care. Based on the aim, four issues have been worked out to develop and increase understanding of the study's problem area. The methodology of the study is qualitative interviews with a hermeneutic approach and thematic analysis as a method of processing. The qualitative interviews were conducted with nine unit managers from two different municipalities in southern Sweden. The results showed that unit managers have latitude to work preventively to reduce sick leave and that differs from how rehabilitation is handled. Unit managers in elderly care have clear guidelines when it comes to rehabilitation while preventive work does not have it. Therefor, unit manager have latitude for working more prevention to reduce sick leave. All respondents understood that preventive work is an important factor in reducing sick leave, but that time and number of employees can make it difficult for preventive work to be prioritized.

This interview study presents what social workers consider contributes to young people entering a criminal lifestyle. The purpose is to discover which risk and protective factors social workers think influence whether or not youth develop criminal behavior (both in their environment and in themselves) and how one can help youth who are already involved in crime. The result shows, among other things, that unfulfilled needs (such as love and safety) at home can lead youth to criminal behavior. Judgment from adults can also cause youth to enter into or continue a criminal lifestyle. Protective factors for youth are therefore to have safe adults in their lives, as well as adults who are interested in listening to and understanding their situation. The result is then analyzed using the theoretical concepts of resilience, attachment, defense mechanisms, social learning, and the looking-glass self. / I denna intervjustudie presenteras vilka orsaker som socialarbetare anser leder ungdomar in i kriminalitet. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka olika risk-och skyddsfaktorer socialarbetare anser har betydelse för huruvida en ungdom utvecklar ett kriminellt beteende eller inte (både i ungdomars omgivning men också i ungdomarna själva) samt hur de anser att man kan hjälpa ungdomar som befinner sig i kriminalitet. Resultatet visar bland annat att behov som ungdomarna inte fått uppfyllda i hemmet (såsom kärlek och trygghet) är någonting som kan leda dem in i kriminalitet. Även att ungdomar i riskzonen blir bemötta med fördömelse från vuxenvärlden är något som kan leda ungdomar in i eller upprätthålla en kriminell livsstil. Skyddande faktorer för ungdomen är därför att ha trygga vuxna i sitt liv samt vuxna som är intresserade av att lyssna och förstå ungdomens situation. Resultatet analyseras sedan med hjälp av de teoretiska begreppen resiliens, anknytning, försvarsmekanismer, social inlärning samt spegeljaget.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka olika lärare mot fritidshems syn på konflikter och konflikthantering i den pedagogiska verksamheten. Metoden vi har använt oss av är kvalitativa intervjuer, då vi ansåg att den var lämplig för att vi ämnade undersöka lärarnas syn angående konflikter och konflikthantering. Resultatet visade sig att de pedagogerna vi intervjuat hade både likheter och skillnader gällande olika arbetssätt som används på fritidshemmen, men också vad som kan vara möjliga hinder för att genomföra den undervisning i konflikthantering för att utveckla elevernas sociala färdigheter för att lösa en konflikt. Resultatet har sedan analyserats med hjälp utav Hakvoorts (2010) konfliktpyramid samt Szklarski (1996) fyra orsaker till varför konflikter uppstår. Vi kom fram till slutsatsen att beroende på hur konflikter uppstår, så kan de behöva lösas på olika sätt, men resurser och tid är en förutsättning för att konflikterna ska kunna lösas på ett korrekt sätt. / The purpose of this study was to investigate different teachers' views of leisure centers on conflicts and conflict management in educational activities. The method we have used is qualitative interviews, as we considered it appropriate because we intended to examine the teachers' views regarding conflicts and conflict management. The results showed that the educators we interviewed had both similarities and differences regarding different working methods used in the after-school centers, but also what could be possible obstacles to implementing the teaching of conflict management to develop students' social skills to resolve a conflict. The results have then been analyzed with the help of Hakvoort's (2010) conflict pyramid and Szklarski (1996) four reasons why conflicts arise. We came to the conclusion that depending on how conflicts arise, they may need to be resolved in different ways, but resources and time are a prerequisite for the conflicts to be resolved in a correct manner.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka på vilka sätt lärare i årskurs fk-3 kan upptäcka samt arbeta stödjande för elever med lässvårigheter i ämnet svenska. Syftet var även att ta reda på vilka strategier och tillvägagångssätt dessa lärare kan tillämpa i sitt förebyggande arbete mot lässvårigheter. Metoderna som tillämpades för att utforska dessa syften, var dels tre kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer, och dels tre kvantitativa enkätundersökningar. Dock omstrukturerades enkätundersökningarna i syfte att efterlikna en intervju där enbart öppna frågor tillämpades, vilket innebar att enkätundersökningen, mer lutar åt en kvalitativ ansats. Resultatet av både intervjuerna och enkätundersökningarna visade att läraren behöver använda sig av varierade nivåanpassade uppgifter, både i det förebyggande samt stödjande arbetet. Detta då de bakomliggande orsakerna till lässvårigheter är multipla. Det var också viktigt att dessa varierade nivåanpassade uppgifter var av intresse för eleverna, annars skulle läraren kunna riskera att få elever med en lägre motivation. Ytterligare resultat som framkom var att lärare kan förebygga lässvårigheter, samt stödja dem som redan har lässvårigheter, genom att modellera uppgifter och arbetssätt för eleverna. Slutligen visade studien att läraren via olika kartläggningar och observationer av eleverna kan upptäcka lässvårigheter, och att lärare snarast bör vidta stödjande insatser. / The purpose of the study was to investigate in what ways teachers in preschool – 3 can discover and work supportively with pupils that have reading difficulties in the subject Swedish. The purpose was also to find out which strategies and approaches these teachers could use in their preventing work towards reading difficulties. The methods that were used to explore these purposes, were at the one hand three qualitative semi-structured interviews and on the other hand three quantitative surveys. However, the survey was reconstructed with the purpose to mimic an interview where only open questions were used, which means that the work in this survey, is more leaning towards a qualitative approach. The results of both the interviews and surveys showed that the teachers having to use different levels of difficulty in the assignments, both in the preventive and supportive work. This is explained by the fact that the underlying reasons of reading difficulties are so many. It was also important that the varying levels of difficulty was at interest for the pupils, otherwise the teachers could risk getting pupils with lower motivation to learn. Other results that emerged was that the teacher could prevent reading difficulties, and support those that already have reading difficulties, by modeling assignments and approaches for the pupils. Finally, the result showed that the teachers through different mappings and observations of the pupils can discover reading difficulties, and that the teacher as soon as possible should engage supportive efforts.

Bakgrund. Hypertoni är en av Sveriges vanligaste folkhälsosjukdomar. De flestadistriktssköterskor möter patienter med hypertoni dagligen och det är distriktssköterskansansvar att främja hälsa hos dessa patienter. En livsstilsförändring har visat sig ha en god effektpå hälsan för patienter med hypertoni och distriktssköterskan kan hjälpa patienten att takontroll över sin situation och känna tillit till sin egen förmåga att genomföra enlivsstilsförändring.Syfte. Syftet med studien är att beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av att arbetahälsofrämjande med patienter med hypertoni.Metod. En kvalitativ intervjustudie med beskrivande design. Åtta distriktssköterskorintervjuades och materialet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat. Att arbeta med hälsofrämjande rådgivning utgör en viktig del avdistriktssköterskans uppdrag. Det är en ansvarsfull uppgift som kräver stor kompetens,kunskap och framförallt lyhördhet i samtalet med patienten. Det kan vara utmanande att stöttapatienten till att hitta sin egen motivation och förmåga att främja sin hälsa utan att påtvinga enlivsstilsförändring, inte minst då arbetsmiljön för distriktssköterskor kan vara krävande.Slutsats. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet beskrivs som en viktig del av professionen. Samtidigtär det en kompetens som inte utnyttjas av verksamheterna då det ofta råder både brist på båderesurser och tid som gör att det hälsofrämjande arbetet blir åsidosatt. Då livsstilsrelateradesjukdomar såsom hypertoni ökar i alla åldrar är det viktigt att verksamheter har rutiner ochriktlinjer som gör att dessa patienter erbjuds en jämlik och bra vård utifrån aktuell forskningoch evidens. / Background. Hypertension is one of Sweden's most common peoples´ health issues. Mostnurses specialized in primary health care see patients with hypertension on a daily basis and itis their responsibility to promote health to these patients. Lifestyle change has proven to havea good effect on the health of patients with hypertension and the nurses specialized in primaryhealth care can help the patient to take control and trust their own ability to make a lifechange.Aim. The aim of the study is to describe the nurse specialized in primary health careexperiences of working to promote health in patients with hypertension.Method. Qualitative study with descriptive design. Eight nurses specialized in primary healthcare were interviewed and the material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results. Working with health-promoting counseling is an important part of the assignmentof nurses specialized in primary health care. It is a responsible task that requires greatcompetence, knowledge and above all empathy in the conversation with the patient. It can bechallenging to support the patient in finding their own motivation and ability to promote theirhealth without forcing a lifestyle change, not least as the work environment for nursesspecialized in primary health care can be demanding.Conclusion. The health promotion work is described as an important part of the profession.At the same time, it is a competence that is not utilized by the activities as there is often a lackof both resources and time which means that the health-promoting work is neglected. Aslifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension increase at all ages, it is important that thebusiness has routines and guidelines that enable these patients to offer an equal based oncurrent research.

The aim of the study has been to investigate school counselors' preventive work against bullying in school and what opportunities and obstacles are found in their work. The study is based on seven qualitative interviews where the interviewees have varying backgrounds and experiences surrounding school counselor work. A constant throughout the study is that the school counselor is in a multiprofessional operation and is usually the only profession based in a psychosocial perspective. The school counselor’s tasks are characterized primarily by an overall responsibility for students’ wellbeing, as well as working to prevent bullying. As bullying can result in students performing worse as well as a risk for developing an antisocial behavior, the school counselor’s important preventive work follows. The preventive measures can be seen on a school, class and individual level, which creates a holistic perspective. Factors such as time and resources prevent the school counselor from practicing their knowledge in school, as well as limit their collaboration with other professions. Along this reasoning follows the interviewees’ similar opinions that the principal has a noticeable influence on counseling work and can increase or limit their ability to practice their knowledge. With the help of our theoretical templates we have a better understanding of our analysis, which has helped us understand the school counselor’s role in a multiprofessional operation.

Barn tillbringar under sin barndom mycket av sin tid i skolan. För att barnen ska kunna utbilda sig och lära sig att hantera vad det som krävs av dem, är det viktigt att skolmiljön är en trygg och säker plats att befinna sig i. Skolan är även en plats där barn med olika bakgrunder samlas och skillnaderna mellan eleverna kan få ojämlikheter, vilket bland annat kan leda till mobbning och kränkande behandling. I fall där sådant förekommer krävs det att skolan agerar, inte bara för att eleverna ska må bra men för att skolan enligt svensk lag är skyldiga till det. Syftet med denna uppsats är att fokusera skolkuratorns förebyggande arbetet mot kränkande behandling i skolor. Eftersom mobbning ständigt ökar är det viktigt att det pågår ett arbete för att förhindra det. Datainsamlingen har skett genom intervjuer och dessa har analyserats utifrån studiens syfte samt frågor. Studiens huvudsakliga slutsats resulterar i att mobbning behöver arbetas mot inom olika förebyggande åtgärder. / Children spend a lot of their time in school during their childhood. To be able to learn and manage what is required of them, it is important that the school is a safe place to be in with a good environment. The school is also a place where children from different backgrounds come together and the differences can make inequalities occur.  This can lead to bullying and offensive treatment. In these cases, it is required that the school acts, not only for the students to feel good but the school is also obliged to do that by the Swedish law. The aim with this essay is to focus on the school counselor’s prevention against offensive treatment in schools. Since bullying is on the rise, it is important that there is ongoing work to prevent it. Data collection has taken place through interviews and analyzed based on the purpose of the study and issues. The main conclusion that has been seen as an important inference is that bullying needs to work against different preventions.

In order to reduce and prevent domestic violence, preventive work needs to begin at an early age. In previous research it is suggested that preventive work needs to begin as early as between grade six and eight. Recently, it has been discovered that many young people have a distorted view of what constitutes a healthy and equal relationship. In this interview study, six social workers employed as school counselors, employed in the seventh, eighth and ninth grades has participated. Central questions have investigated how and if they work preventively with boys' perceptions of violence, intimate relationships and sex. Through the interviews, it emerged that the school counselors' preventive work takes place in different ways. For example, they defined violence in different ways and the limits for what is supposed to constitute violence is interpreted differently. The preventive work turned out to consist of differences and similarities. For example, theme weeks, presence in open spaces and external lecturers were common elements in their preventive work. The differences could show up for example that they focused on different topics. To gain an understanding of the school counselor's preventive work with boys' violence against girls, this study has included the gender perspective. By looking at how their preventive work can be understood from the point of view of gender, it concluded that the school counselor's own gender perspective affects how they work. The study found that school counselors do work to prevent gender norms.