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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

A crise brasileira de 2002: Uma abordagem baseada na teoria do racionamento de crédito. / Brazilian crisis of 2002: an analysis based on the Credit Rationing theory

Serrão, Cristiano Ramponi 10 May 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiano Serrao.pdf: 265704 bytes, checksum: ddff2ca9e6d556d812ab50127beca2f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-10 / This paper s objective is to study the Brazilian crisis of the year of 2002. We believe that, as this is a recent event, there is room to new perceptions and interpretations. This paper will propose a new view on this crisis, based on the Credit Rationing Theory. Initially, we will do a brief review of the Credit Rationing Theory. We will focus on the key aspects of that theory, specially the ones that will allow us to apply such theory in the case study that we are working on. After that, we will analyze the historical context that led Brazil to that crisis. Initially, this study will be focused on the increase of the size of the flows that transited through Brazilian Financial Account in the period that precedes the crisis. We will also take a look in the historical context itself, and analyze the external influence in this crisis. Afterwards, this paper will study the Mark-to-Market crisis, which was the starting point of the Brazilian crisis of 2002. This event was responsible to raise doubts about the sustaintability of Brazilian public debt. Additionally we will study the dynamics of Brazilian public debt in the crisis period, which, in our opinion, had a highly relevant role in such event. / Essa dissertação pretende lançar um olhar mais detalhado à crise brasileira de 2002. Acredito que esse evento, por ser ainda recente, ainda não foi compreendido em toda a sua magnitude, e esse trabalho tem o objetivo de lançar uma interpretação plausível para o mesmo. Para isso, utilizaremos o instrumental teórico da Teoria do Racionamento de Crédito. Inicialmente, iremos fazer uma revisão da Teoria do Racionamento de Crédito, nos atendo aos pontos que serão úteis na aplicação dessa teoria ao caso prático. Em seguida, iremos expor os principais condicionantes da crise brasileira de 2002, nos atendo inicialmente ao movimento de flexibilização da conta Financeira brasileira nos anos que antecedem a crise. É dada especial ênfase à Conta de Investimento em Carteira. É também analisado o contexto histórico no qual a crise está inserida. O passo seguinte foi investigar em que medida essa crise foi originada também por motivos externos, ao comparar a piora dos indicadores de risco-país não só do Brasil, mas dos demais países emergentes também. A dissertação, por fim, irá se deter no período de crise em si. Iremos analisar a Crise da Marcação a Mercado , que foi o ponto inicial da crise brasileira de 2002, estudando suas origens e impactos na credibilidade da dívida pública brasileira. Segue-se a análise da dinâmica da dívida pública brasileira no período de crise, o que na nossa opinião possui um poder explicativo muito forte com relação ao evento em questão.
182

Limites ao efetivo alongamento e melhora do perfil da dívida pública no Brasil e suas relações com a política monetária

Pieroni, João Paulo 25 May 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Paulo Pieroni.pdf: 521209 bytes, checksum: a399a879f7342b37382038cb88316ecc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The price stabilization that occurred in Brazil since 1994, after a long period of macroeconomic volatility, seemed to be sufficient to extend the terms and improve the internal public debt compound from the country. However, in spite of some advances, the debt compound is still in short term and with high participation of interest index bonds. The aim of this work is to show structural factors that still inhibits the effective extension and improvement of the internal public debt. In order to achieve this goal, some characteristic of primary and secondary market of public bonds and its close relation to the monetary policy through yield curve are shown. It emphasizes that the structure format of this curve, together with low liquidity on secondary market, makes it difficult for the long term bonds demand. It discusses the small benefits of the improvement of the debt extension in relation to the high financial costs given by this strategy. From the descriptive analyses of primary auction of public bonds and the relation between monetary policy and the public debt administration in Brazil, after 1999, we can see that the efforts made to extend the term and improve the exposure of the brazilian debt are, in great part, removed from eventual internal or external uncertain crisis. The work concludes that as long as the interest index bonds, the incentive to short term culture of the agents and the high level of interest rates were maintained, there will be limits to effective extension and improvement the compound of the internal public debt in Brazil / A estabilização de preços ocorrida no Brasil a partir de 1994, após um longo período marcado pela volatilidade macroeconômica, parecia ser condição suficiente para o alongamento e melhora do perfil da dívida pública mobiliária interna (DPMFi) do país. Entretanto, a despeito de alguns avanços, a composição da dívida continua a ser de curto prazo e com elevada participação de títulos indexados a taxa de juros. O objetivo desta dissertação é apontar os fatores estruturais que continuam inibindo o efetivo alongamento e melhora do perfil da DPMFi no país. Para isso, são apresentadas as características dos mercados primário e secundário de títulos públicos e sua estreita relação com a política monetária, por meio da estrutura a termo da taxa de juros. Enfatiza-se que o formato dessa estrutura, em conjunto com a baixa liquidez do mercado secundário, dificultam a demanda por títulos mais longos. Questiona-se os benefícios dos pequenos avanços no alongamento da dívida em relação aos elevados custos financeiros impostos por essa estratégia. A partir da análise descritiva dos leilões primários de títulos públicos e das relações entre política monetária e administração da dívida pública no Brasil, após 1999, constata-se que os esforços realizados para ampliar os prazos e melhorar a exposição da dívida brasileira são, em grande parte, eliminados por eventuais crises de confiança, internas e/ou externas. Conclui-se que enquanto forem mantidos, entre outros fatores, os títulos pós-fixados indexados a taxas de juros, o incentivo à cultura de curto prazo dos agentes financeiros e o elevado nível das taxas de juros, haverá limites para o efetivo alongamento e melhora do perfil da dívida pública no país
183

A insustentabilidade do acordo de renegociação da dívida pública interna do município de São Paulo com o Governo Federal

González, Javier Ignácio Toro 30 April 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Javier Ignacio Toro Gonzalez.pdf: 864358 bytes, checksum: d7676ee8793227ea2f982b836f3be573 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper analyzes the assumption and refinancing agreement of the internal public debt held by the Municipality of Sao Paulo with the brazilian Federal Government as signed in May 2000. The first chapter presents the theoretical basis of the economic policy, especially the fiscal policy, adopted by Brazil in the 1990 s and also presents the context that led to the refinancing agreement and to the Law of Fiscal Responsibility. In the second chapter the strategic role of the city of Sao Paulo in Brazil s national economy is discussed as well as the behavior of its public finances since 1995. In the third and final chapter the terms and conditions of the agreement itself as well as its sustainability are analyzed. The results point to the unsustainability of the agreement under the two approaches adopted: the Accounting and the Present Value. It is evident that the agreement - which forbids new indebtedness - harms the ability of the Municipality of Sao Paulo to perform as an entrepreneur of new projects in infrastructure, essential for a modern metropolis like Sao Paulo to meet the challenges it faces, and preventing it from fully exercising its role as a Global City in the greater context of the national Brazilian economy / Esta dissertação analisa o acordo de assunção e refinanciamento da dívida pública interna do Município de São Paulo junto ao Governo Federal assinado em maio de 2000. O primeiro capítulo apresenta a fundamentação teórica da política econômica, em especial da política fiscal, adotada no Brasil na década de 1990 e também o contexto interno que deu origem ao acordo de refinanciamento da dívida interna dos governos subnacionais e à Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. No segundo capítulo discute-se o papel estratégico da cidade de São Paulo para a economia brasileira e o comportamento das finanças do Município desde 1995. O terceiro e último capítulo, apresenta a análise dos termos e condições do acordo e da sua sustentabilidade. Os resultados apontam para a insustentabilidade do acordo nas duas abordagens adotadas: a Contábil e do Valor Presente. Fica evidente que o acordo, ao proibir novos endividamentos, prejudica o desempenho do Município como empreendedor de novos projetos de infra-estrutura, essenciais para fazer frente aos desafios de uma metrópole moderna como São Paulo, impedindo-a de exercer plenamente o papel de Cidade Global dentro da economia brasileira
184

Fiscalité environnementale, dette publique et croissance économique : une analyse macroéconomique / Environmental taxation, public debt and economic growth : a macroeconomic analysis

Hassan, Mahmoud 11 June 2018 (has links)
Les politiques environnementales, notamment celles recourant aux instruments fiscaux, ont pris une place de plus en plus importante dans un grand nombre de pays durant les trois dernières décennies. Tous les pays de l’OCDE ont introduit des taxes liées à l'environnement et un nombre croissant d'entre eux procèdent à une réforme dite "verte" de leur fiscalité. L’utilisation de la taxe comme un instrument pour la politique environnementale a suscité un large débat parmi les chercheurs sur ses impacts sur la croissance économique, mais sans parvenir à un consensus sur la nature de ces effets. Certains trouvent un effet négatif, alors que d’autres montrent un impact positif. Deux points ont attiré notre attention sur ce sujet. Premièrement, les études empiriques qui vérifient la validité de ces résultats sont très rares. Deuxièmement, la majorité des modèles théoriques qui ont étudié l’effet de la fiscalité environnementale sur la croissance économique supposent que le gouvernement finance ses dépenses uniquement par les taxes et que le budget d’État est équilibré à chaque période, évitant ainsi tout fardeau associé au remboursement de la dette publique. Par conséquent, cette thèse a pour objectif d’abord d’explorer empiriquement la nature de la relation entre la fiscalité environnementale et la croissance économique, et si cette relation est sensible au niveau d'autres variables dans l'économie. Ensuite, nous examinons les canaux par lesquels cette taxe peut affecter la croissance économique, et si l'existence et le niveau de la dette publique peuvent modifier cet effet. / Environmental policies, especially those using fiscal instruments, have become more and more important in a large number of countries over the last three decades. All OECD countries have introduced environmentally related taxes, and a growing number of them are carrying out a so-called "green" reform of their taxation. The use of the tax as an instrument for environmental policy has sparked wide debate among researchers on its impacts on economic growth, but without reaching consensus on the nature of these effects. Some find a negative effect; while others show a positive impact. Two points raised our attention on this subject. First, the empirical studies that verify the validity of these results are very rare. Second, the majority of theoretical models that have studied the effect of environmental taxation on economic growth assume that the government finances its expenditures solely through taxes and that the state budget is balanced each period, thus avoiding any burden associated to repayment of public debt. Therefore, this thesis aims firstly to explore empirically the nature of the relationship between environmental taxation and economic growth, and whether this relationship is sensitive to the level of other variables in the economy. We examine then the channels through which this tax can affect economic growth, and whether the existence and level of public debt can modify this effect.
185

Capital humain, dette publique et croissance économique à long terme / Human capital, public debt and long-term economic growth

Murched, Maya 15 January 2016 (has links)
La croissance économique et ses moteurs représentent le principal sujet préoccupant les chercheurs en macroéconomie depuis longtemps. Investir en capital humain à travers le système éducatif joue un rôle important pour stimuler la croissance et le développement économique, cette accentuation a pris place depuis la naissance innovante de la théorie de la croissance endogène. L'attention et les efforts dévoués à l'investissement dans le capital humain peuvent être déstabilisés par le retour global et récent de la crise de la dette souveraine dans plusieurs pays, dette qui poursuit son ascension depuis 2007, et les politiques d'ajustement nécessaires d'après-crise. Des judicieuses politiques de redressement devraient être composées d'un mélange des activités encourageant la croissance économique, y compris l'investissement dans le capital humain, l'austérité et le long terme. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de fournir des nouvelles évidences empiriques sur la relation dette-croissance économique et leurs externalités sur la formation de capital humain, les estimations sont réalisées sur un jeu de données récent et complet couvrant 22 années et 76 pays dans le monde. L'ensemble des variables utilisées englobe de nombreux agrégats macroéconomiques tel que : taux de croissance annuel du PIB, la dette publique en % de PIB, les dépenses publiques d'éducation en % de PIB, le moyen d'année de scolarité, le taux d'inflation, et d'autres. En utilisant une technique d'estimation semi-paramétrique appropriée qui offre des solutions pour de nombreux problèmes concernant les données, les résultats empiriques suggèrent un impact négatif et hétérogène de dette et des dépenses d'éducation publiques sur la croissance du PIB. Là où, l'utilisation des dépenses d'éducation dans l'ensemble de l'échantillon est inefficace, les décideurs politiques devraient ajuster et bien gérer la fonction de ces dépenses en même temps de viser des efforts publics pour réduire les niveaux élevés d'endettement et d'augmenter la croissance économique. Nous montrons également que l'utilisation des outils d'analyse textuelle en économie, offre une lecture rapide et globale des courants de recherche contenus dans la littérature empirique et théorique de la croissance économique. / Economic growth and its driving forces have been the maintopic preoccupying economic researchers since long time in macroeconomic branch. Public investment in human capital through educational system plays an ultimate role in boosting economic growth and development, this role has taken a place since the innovative dawn of endogenous growth theory. The focus and efforts of investing in human capital could be destabilized by the global and recent return of sovereign debt crisis in several countries, which continues its rise since theearly 2007, and the after-crisis necessary adjusting policies. Getting back wise policies should be composed of mixture of growth fostering activities, including the investment in human capital, austerity and forbearance.The main purpose of this thesis is to provide new empirical inferences on debt-growth relationship and its interaction with human capital formation. Estimates are carried on a recent and complete data set that spans over 22 years and involves 76 countries worldwide. The range of invested variables encompasses many macroeconomic aggregates such as : GDP annual growthrates, public debt to GDP ratio, and public education expenditure to GDP ratio, average schooling years, inflation rate, and others. Using a superior estimation semi-parametric technic which accounts for some data issues, the empirical results suggest a heterogeneous impact of public debt and education expenditures levels on GDP growth rates. Henceforth, the use of education expenditure in the whole sample is inefficient,where policy makers should adjust and well manage the function of these expenditure in line with the public efforts to reduce debt high levels and rise economic growth. We also show that the use of textual analysis tools in economic studies, such in growth literature, offers a rapid and total lecture of the hidden research trends embodied in the huge empirical and theoretical literature of economic growth.
186

O Plano Real e o balanço de pagamentos do Brasil / The Real Plan and the Brazilian Balance of Payments

Thais Hae Ok Brandini Park Silveira 09 June 2015 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o Plano Real e o Balanço de Pagamentos do Brasil. O que se pretende verificar é se o Plano Real é consentâneo ao sistema de Direito Brasileiro. Para tanto, a análise foi dividida em três blocos. No primeiro, que compreende os Capítulos I e II, foram apresentadas noções indispensáveis para a compreensão do assunto: de preço, poder de compra da moeda e taxa de câmbio. Na oportunidade, também se esclareceu que o Plano Real tinha como principal objetivo combater a inflação no país causada, segundo seus idealizadores, pela indexação da economia e pelo déficit público. A partir deste diagnóstico, o Plano Real é elaborado com base em três principais medidas: ajuste fiscal, criação da Unidade Real de Valor (URV) e adoção de uma âncora cambial. O segundo bloco deste trabalho, integrado pelos Capítulos III a V, vai esmiuçar esta última medida e seus efeitos, bem como as alterações legislativas provocadas pelo Plano Real (principalmente Emendas Constitucionais nº 5 a 9, todas de 1995, e Lei nº 9.069/1995). Aqui também se demonstrará como o Plano Real consagrou a ideologia preconizada pelo Consenso de Washington. No último bloco, composto pelo Capítulo VI, são analisados os efeitos provocados no nível de endividamento público decorrentes das medidas adotadas pelo Plano Real e a alteração das regras jurídicas que tratam da dívida pública que vieram ao encontro dele (principalmente Lei Complementar n° 101/2000). Neste ponto, a partir de um estudo sobre os princípios jurídicos que regem a atividade da administração pública, concluímos que o sistema jurídico brasileiro oferece fundamento suficiente para superação das regras jurídicas (e ideologia) adotadas no país com o advento do Plano Real. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Real Plan, the Brazilian Balance of Payments and if the Real Plan is supported by the Brazilian law system. The analysis is divided into three blocks. First, in Chapters I and II, some indispensable concepts are presented: price, purchasing power of money and exchange rate. On the occasion, it was clarified that the Real Plan had as its main objective fight inflation in the country caused by, according to its creators, the indexation of the economy and the public deficit. Based on that diagnosis, the Real Plan counted on three measures: fiscal adjustment, creation of the Real Value Unit (URV) and adoption of a fixed exchange rate. The second block, through Chapters III to V, scrutinizes the latter measure and its effects, as well as legislative changes brought by the Real Plan (mainly Constitutional Amendments 5-9, all of 1995, and Law nº 9.069/1995). It also demonstrates that the Real Plan established the ideology advocated by the Washington Consensus. In the final section, composed of Chapter VI, the effects of Real Plan on public debt and the change of legal rules on that matter (mainly Law nº 101/2000) are analyzed. At this point, from a study of constitutional principles, we conclude that the Brazilian legal system provides sufficient basis to overcome the legal rules (and ideology) adopted in the country with the advent of the Real Plan.
187

O Plano Real e o balanço de pagamentos do Brasil / The Real Plan and the Brazilian Balance of Payments

Silveira, Thais Hae Ok Brandini Park 09 June 2015 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o Plano Real e o Balanço de Pagamentos do Brasil. O que se pretende verificar é se o Plano Real é consentâneo ao sistema de Direito Brasileiro. Para tanto, a análise foi dividida em três blocos. No primeiro, que compreende os Capítulos I e II, foram apresentadas noções indispensáveis para a compreensão do assunto: de preço, poder de compra da moeda e taxa de câmbio. Na oportunidade, também se esclareceu que o Plano Real tinha como principal objetivo combater a inflação no país causada, segundo seus idealizadores, pela indexação da economia e pelo déficit público. A partir deste diagnóstico, o Plano Real é elaborado com base em três principais medidas: ajuste fiscal, criação da Unidade Real de Valor (URV) e adoção de uma âncora cambial. O segundo bloco deste trabalho, integrado pelos Capítulos III a V, vai esmiuçar esta última medida e seus efeitos, bem como as alterações legislativas provocadas pelo Plano Real (principalmente Emendas Constitucionais nº 5 a 9, todas de 1995, e Lei nº 9.069/1995). Aqui também se demonstrará como o Plano Real consagrou a ideologia preconizada pelo Consenso de Washington. No último bloco, composto pelo Capítulo VI, são analisados os efeitos provocados no nível de endividamento público decorrentes das medidas adotadas pelo Plano Real e a alteração das regras jurídicas que tratam da dívida pública que vieram ao encontro dele (principalmente Lei Complementar n° 101/2000). Neste ponto, a partir de um estudo sobre os princípios jurídicos que regem a atividade da administração pública, concluímos que o sistema jurídico brasileiro oferece fundamento suficiente para superação das regras jurídicas (e ideologia) adotadas no país com o advento do Plano Real. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Real Plan, the Brazilian Balance of Payments and if the Real Plan is supported by the Brazilian law system. The analysis is divided into three blocks. First, in Chapters I and II, some indispensable concepts are presented: price, purchasing power of money and exchange rate. On the occasion, it was clarified that the Real Plan had as its main objective fight inflation in the country caused by, according to its creators, the indexation of the economy and the public deficit. Based on that diagnosis, the Real Plan counted on three measures: fiscal adjustment, creation of the Real Value Unit (URV) and adoption of a fixed exchange rate. The second block, through Chapters III to V, scrutinizes the latter measure and its effects, as well as legislative changes brought by the Real Plan (mainly Constitutional Amendments 5-9, all of 1995, and Law nº 9.069/1995). It also demonstrates that the Real Plan established the ideology advocated by the Washington Consensus. In the final section, composed of Chapter VI, the effects of Real Plan on public debt and the change of legal rules on that matter (mainly Law nº 101/2000) are analyzed. At this point, from a study of constitutional principles, we conclude that the Brazilian legal system provides sufficient basis to overcome the legal rules (and ideology) adopted in the country with the advent of the Real Plan.
188

公債與租稅之效率面分析-兼論其穩定條件的差異 / On the Efficiency Effects of Public Debt and Taxation

吳佩凌, Wu, Pei Ling Unknown Date (has links)
租稅和公債是政府籌措財源最主要的兩種方式。然而不同的財源籌措方式將產生不同的影響效果,因此評價並比較各種融通工具的相對優勢,是政府選擇融通方式時,所必須考慮的一個基本且重要的問題。如何籌措財源以舒緩財政窘迫的壓力,是當前政府最急切的關鍵和挑戰。因此本文探討由效率面以租稅或公債融通政府暫時性與永久性支出增加的相對優勢,提供若干理論研究,作為面臨融通工具選擇時的考量因素。   關於融通政府暫時性支出增加的分析,M.Feldstein(1985)認為只有利率等於時間折現率的條件下,公債優於租稅:若時間折現率低於利率時,公債未必優於租稅。本文修正M.Feldstein(1985)模型,進一步考慮公債的債息融通方式及還本期限等問題,計算公債融通的負擔並與租稅負擔相較。   關於融通政府永久性增加的分析,S.J.Turnovsky(1992)比較分別以定額稅、工資稅和資本稅融通對即時效用和福利的影響,認為以短期而言,較佔優勢的融通工具,就長期觀點來看未必如此。其亦注意各融通工具間就穩定性的不同。本文以Turnovsky(1992)模型為分析基礎,加入公債融通的考慮,著重於對公債與定額稅穩定條件差異的強調。
189

台灣之一般政府金融性負債

廖庭裕, Liao,Ting Yu Unknown Date (has links)
金融海嘯後,台灣政府為刺激經濟成長,大規模舉債施行擴張性財政政策,導致債務餘額遽增,加上歐洲各國爆發債務危機後,各界對台灣公共債務餘額之關注持續增加。根據2012年底財政部公佈之資料顯示中央政府一年以上債務未償餘額已達到新台幣5兆0,116億元歷史新高,亦有報章媒體批露台灣公共債務餘額若加計軍公教人員退休金等「潛在負債」及國營事業負債後,政府債務高達21兆4,066億元。 台灣債務餘額確切數字究竟為何?各方說法不一。而國際間常用之國家債務標準又為何?實有進一步探討之必要。本文基於國際比較基礎觀點,擬以聯合國2008年公布之國民經濟會計制度(System of National Accounts 2008;SNA2008)為標準,試算台灣目前之「一般政府金融性負債(General government financial liabilities)」。 本研究將審計部公布之《中華民國100年度各級政府總決算審核報告》按SNA2008之「一般政府金融性負債」之定義進行改編,得出100年度台灣之「一般政府金融性負債」為7兆1,265億元、「一般政府金融性負債占GDP之比率」為52.12%,約略與OECD國家中之捷克(48.2%)、斯洛伐克(48.2%)及瑞典(49.4%)相當。若將台灣「一般政府金融性負債占GDP之比率」納入OECD之34個會員國中排序,台灣排於第12名;且台灣之比率52.09%與當年度歐盟15國平均比率95.56%及OECD各國平均比率103.5%相較仍屬較低,故若以國際比較觀點,台灣之公共債務狀況尚屬中上之狀態。 / After the financial crisis, the Taiwan government adopted expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth, leading dramatic increase in outstanding debt. According to information published by the Ministry of Finance, "the central government over one year outstanding debt " had reached a record high 5.11 trillion (Taiwan dollars) by the end of 2012. Some newspapers and media also disclosed that Taiwan public debt balance added "potential liabilities" and "liabilities of state-owned enterprises", government outstanding debt reached 21.40 trillion. From the perspective of the basis for cross-national comparisons, we will adopt "System of National Accounts 2008", published by the United Nations in 2009, as the standard to compile the "general government financial liabilities" of Taiwan. In this study, we use SNA2008 as the standard to adapt the "all levels of government final accounts audit report" published by the Ministry of Auditing, for the "general government financial liabilities". By the end of 2011, the "general government financial liability" was 7.12 trillion, and the "general government financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP" was 52.12%. In the same year, the ratio of EU was 95.56% and the ratio of OECD was 103.5%. From the perspective of the basis for cross-national comparisons, The financial situation of Taiwan was still in the good condition.
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[en] THE FISCAL THEORY OF THE PRICE LEVEL WITH NOMINAL REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES / [pt] RECEITAS E DESPESAS NOMINAIS NA TEORIA FISCAL DO NÍVEL DE PREÇOS

MARCOS KIEHL SONNERVIG 19 October 2017 (has links)
[pt] A hipótese usual de que a política fiscal é definida em termos reais não é nem realista, nem inócua. Neste artigo, propomos um modelo que leva em consideração a existência de receitas e despesas nominais. Essa característica cria um canal inexplorado pelo qual as políticas monetária e fiscal interagem. Nós mostramos que, neste ambiente, o nível de preços pode ser fiscalmente determinado, mesmo quando toda a dívida do governo é real. Além disso, os efeitos das políticas monetária e fiscal são sensíveis ao grau de indexação no orçamento do governo. Usando técnicas de estimação Bayesiana, nós estimamos o modelo para a economia norte-americana e encontramos que a corrosão do valor real das despesas desempenha um papel importante no financiamento dos déficits do governo, sob o regime de dominância fiscal. / [en] The usual assumption that fiscal policy is set in real terms is neither realistic nor innocuous. In this article, we propose a model that accounts for the existence of nominal revenues and expenditures. This creates an unexplored channel through which monetary and fiscal policies interact. We show that, in this environment, the price level can be fiscally determinate, even when all government debt is real. Also, the effects of monetary and fiscal policies are sensitive to the degree of indexation in the government budget. Using Bayesian techniques, we estimate the model for the US economy and find that the revaluation of these nominal components plays an important role as a source of fiscal financing, under a fiscally dominant regime.

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