<p>Uppsatsen behandlar mindre grossisters situation på marknaden i Sverige. Mindre grosssisters nyckelposition i den traditionella värdekedjan suddas ut alltmer. Grossisterna måste finna nya vägar för att behålla de befintliga kunderna. Därför måste de skapa mervärde, vilket i sin tur skapas genom att utveckla olika former av samarbete med sina kunder.</p> / <p>This essay is about the smaller wholesalers situation on the Swedish market. The small wholesalers key positioning in the generic value chain is dissapearing. Therefore they have to find new ways to retention their existing customers. They have to create a value added in order of connect tier to their customers. A wholesaler will be able to create value added  through developing different forms of cooperation with its customers.</p>

<p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Svenska transportföretag är utsatta för hård konkurrens från utländska företag. För attkunna överleva måste de svenska transportföretagen skapa mervärde åt sina kunder.</p><p><strong>Problemformulering:</strong> Vilka faktorer är viktiga vid utformning av tilläggstjänster för att svenskatransportföretag ska nå långsiktig överlevnad?</p><p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med detta arbete är att analysera och utvärdera transportköpande företags behov avtilläggstjänster.</p><p>Metod: Uppsatsen har ett hermeneutiskt synsätt. Författarna använder sig av en kombination avkvalitativa och kvantitativa undersökningsmetoder för att generera en djupare förståelse ochmöjlighet att dra vissa slutsatser. Forskningsansatsen är deduktiv.</p><p><strong>Teorier:</strong> De teorier som används i uppsatsen är: Mervärdesteorin, Involveringsteorin, Nätverkssynsättet.</p><p><strong>Empiri:</strong> Empirin består av primärdata inhämtad via intervjuer och enkäter med representanter fråntransportköpande företag.</p><p><strong>Resultat/Analys:</strong> Vi har kommit fram till att majoriteten av de tillfrågade företagen i dennaundersökning har önskemål om att få ta del av transportföretagens tilläggstjänster och att eventuellti samråd med dessa även utveckla nya.</p><p><strong>Slutsats:</strong> Transportköpande företag är i hög utsträckning höginvolverade i transporter. De är därförmottagliga för relationsmarknadsföring. Detta möjliggör för svenska transportföretag att interageramed kunderna. Genom värdeskapande aktiviteter med kunderna kan tilläggstjänster skapas och ettmervärde uppstår för båda parter.</p> / <p><strong>Background:</strong> Swedish transport companies are facing strong competition from foreign companies. To survive, the Swedish transport companies have to create value for its customers.</p><p><strong>Problem definition:</strong> What factors are important in the definition of additional services to Swedish transport companies to achieve long‐term survival?</p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this work is to analyze and evaluate transport buying companies need of additional services.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This bachelor essay has a hermeneutical approach. The authors use a combination ofqualitative and quantitative research methods to generate a deeper understanding and ability todraw some conclusions. The research approach is deductive.</p><p><strong>Theories:</strong> The theories used in the essay is: Value theory, Involvement theory,</p><p><strong>Empiric:</strong> The empirical data consists of primary data gathered through interviews and questionnaire swith representatives from the transport buyers.</p><p><strong>Results/Analysis:</strong> We have found out that the majority of the companies surveyed in this study want to take part of the transport companies additional services and in consultation with these, and also develop new ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Transport buying companies are often high involved in transports. They are therefore susceptible to relationship marketing. This makes it possible for Swedish transport companies tointeract with customers. By value‐adding activities with the customers the companies can create additional services and value for both parties.</p>

<p>There are great problems of pesticide poisonings in the rural parts of the developing countries. Although these countries only use 25 percent of the world’s pesticide production they suffer from 99 percent of the deaths due to pesticide poisoning.</p><p>The study took place in Tarapoto, Peru, where immense quantities of pesticides are used in their extensive cultivations of rice. The highly toxic pesticides are applied with backpack sprayers without using any safeguard.</p><p>The objective of the study is to find out if the unsafe use of pesticides in Tarapoto is a result of insufficient information from the chemical companies and the distributors. It is also to study what effect the distributors’ relationship marketing has on the usage of pesticides. The purpose of the study is to help the farmers to get a deeper understanding about the problem by explaining the situation to them.</p><p>Four theories have been used as analytical tools in the study; corporate social responsibility, relationship marketing, buyer’s value chain and costumer value, and salespeople and their ethical behavior. The guidelines for personal protection and good labeling from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations have also been used as a basis for the empirical study.</p><p>A triangulation of data was use during the empirical studies and three types of respondents were interviewed; farmers, vendors and organizations and authorities. Participating observations were also made both in the field and in the stores.</p><p>The results of the empirical studies show that the main reason of the unsafe use of pesticides is not lack of information or unawareness. The etiquettes have to be approved by the Agrarian Health Department and all the interviewed farmers were literate and could therefore read the given information. All the interviewed farmers were also aware of how they really should manage the pesticides.</p><p>The primary source of information is however the vendors. They have a close relation to the farmers due their selling strategies of relationship marketing. The vendors recommend what pesticides the farmers should use, and how and when to use them. There is though a problem in the information from the vendors. The most recommended products are extremely or highly toxic and they are restricted; they are not allowed to use in rice. They also recommend the farmers to drink milk to avoid intoxication, which the etiquettes warn against. Regular safety instructions were only given by 50 percent of the interviewed vendors.</p> / <p>RESUMEN</p><p>Existen muchos problemas de intoxicación debido al uso de pesticidas en las zonas rurales de los países en desarrollo. Aunque únicamente un 25 por ciento de la producción mundial de pesticidas es utilizada en estos países, ellos sufren del 99 por ciento de las muertes causadas por pesticidas.</p><p>El estudio fue realizado en Tarapoto, Perú, donde se utilizan cantidades enormes de pesticidas en los cultivos de arroz. Los pesticidas, en frecuentes casos extremadamente tóxicos, se aplican con mochilas y sin ningún tipo de equipo de protección.</p><p>El objetivo del estudio es investigar si el uso inseguro de pesticidas, es resultado de la información insuficiente de parte de las compañías químicas y de los distribuidores. El objetivo es también estudiar cuál es la influencia de los vendedores sobre el uso de pesticidas. El propósito es ayudar a los agricultores de Tarapoto a tener una compresión más profunda del problema.</p><p>Los resultados muestran que la razón principal por el uso inadecuado de pesticidas, no es ni la escasez de información, ni la inconciencia de los riesgos. El nivel educativo, permite sin problema alguno a los agricultores leer las etiquetas en los envases; etiquetas previamente aprobadas por SENASA antes de salir al mercado. Existe por lo tanto una conciencia colectiva del uso adecuado de los pesticidas que no obstante, no se practica.</p><p>La fuente principal de información son sin embargo los vendedores. Ellos tienen una relación cercana con los agricultores, les recomiendan qué productos usar, cuándo y dónde. El problema recae en una recomendación de los productos más tóxicos e incluso restringidos para los cultivos de arroz. También se les recomienda beber leche para evitar intoxicaciones, a pesar de que es contraindicado en la etiquetas tomar leche en caso de intoxicación.</p>

Introduction: During the last years power have been passed from the producer to the consumer. Then, for any given firm, consumers play an increasingly important role. Firms sell not only within limits set by the price of competing products, but within limits set by buyers’ tastes as well. Both products and services have become more sophisticated and each individual customers value perception is important to recognize. In short, to stay competitive firms must put their main focus on the customer’s needs. When it comes to services producer and user must cooperate. Joint value creation process becomes a central part of the relationship between producer and user. The service production process in consulting-related services occurs during a relatively long period of time with various interchanges before the service ultimately is produced. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand how customers, in a business-to-business situation, perceive the value of a complex service over time. Focus will also be directed towards understanding how the producer can improve the knowledge of how the customers’ preferences change over time. Method: A qualitative case study was conducted, in which the customers of the case firm were interviewed. Conclusions: The major difficulty with the notion of value is that it is evaluated in the eyes of the beholder. That is, what it ultimately comes down to are subjective feelings and opinions of individuals. Nevertheless, this study shows that value perceived becomes more complex with time. That is, experiences from both the relationship and the joint value creation affect how customers perceive value. With time, customers are able to see more benefits, but at the same time more sacrifices. These tend to be relation-oriented.

Bakgrund: Svenska transportföretag är utsatta för hård konkurrens från utländska företag. För attkunna överleva måste de svenska transportföretagen skapa mervärde åt sina kunder. Problemformulering: Vilka faktorer är viktiga vid utformning av tilläggstjänster för att svenskatransportföretag ska nå långsiktig överlevnad? Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att analysera och utvärdera transportköpande företags behov avtilläggstjänster. Metod: Uppsatsen har ett hermeneutiskt synsätt. Författarna använder sig av en kombination avkvalitativa och kvantitativa undersökningsmetoder för att generera en djupare förståelse ochmöjlighet att dra vissa slutsatser. Forskningsansatsen är deduktiv. Teorier: De teorier som används i uppsatsen är: Mervärdesteorin, Involveringsteorin, Nätverkssynsättet. Empiri: Empirin består av primärdata inhämtad via intervjuer och enkäter med representanter fråntransportköpande företag. Resultat/Analys: Vi har kommit fram till att majoriteten av de tillfrågade företagen i dennaundersökning har önskemål om att få ta del av transportföretagens tilläggstjänster och att eventuellti samråd med dessa även utveckla nya. Slutsats: Transportköpande företag är i hög utsträckning höginvolverade i transporter. De är därförmottagliga för relationsmarknadsföring. Detta möjliggör för svenska transportföretag att interageramed kunderna. Genom värdeskapande aktiviteter med kunderna kan tilläggstjänster skapas och ettmervärde uppstår för båda parter. / Background: Swedish transport companies are facing strong competition from foreign companies. To survive, the Swedish transport companies have to create value for its customers. Problem definition: What factors are important in the definition of additional services to Swedish transport companies to achieve long‐term survival? Purpose: The purpose of this work is to analyze and evaluate transport buying companies need of additional services. Method: This bachelor essay has a hermeneutical approach. The authors use a combination ofqualitative and quantitative research methods to generate a deeper understanding and ability todraw some conclusions. The research approach is deductive. Theories: The theories used in the essay is: Value theory, Involvement theory, Empiric: The empirical data consists of primary data gathered through interviews and questionnaire swith representatives from the transport buyers. Results/Analysis: We have found out that the majority of the companies surveyed in this study want to take part of the transport companies additional services and in consultation with these, and also develop new ones. Conclusion: Transport buying companies are often high involved in transports. They are therefore susceptible to relationship marketing. This makes it possible for Swedish transport companies tointeract with customers. By value‐adding activities with the customers the companies can create additional services and value for both parties.

Companies in the western world can no longer compete by using traditional means such as product and price since the commerce of services continually grows. To avoid similarity and increase competitive advantages modern companies have to be more specified. The competition between companies has increased and customers are harder to reach. Customers of today can afford luxury but trend indicates that originality, identity, and status are more important than factual needs. Products created and consumed at the same time within the service market are often very homogenous (similar). The small differences between companies make it hard to find the grounds of the consumer’s choice also making it imperative for companies to inter-pret the needs, habits, and expectancies of the consumer. A winning con-cept is hard to identify – individualism makes it harder to predict trends, product cycles becomes shorter, and the market becomes more casual, changeable, agile, lively, and impulsive. The purpose of this paper is to examine through quantitative survey which design factors create value for the consumer and how this affects the consumer choice. With prospective on the time of service the relation between consumer and company is evaluated in the moment of truth. / Företag i västvärlden kan inte längre vara med och konkurrera med traditionella medel som produkt och pris. Handeln med tjänster växer, för att undvika likriktning och öka konkurrensfördelarna ligger det i tiden för företag att nischa in sig. Konkurrensen om nya kunder hårdnar, och de blir allt svårare att nå. Kunder har idag råd med lyxvaror men trenden pekar på att originalitet, identitet och status är viktigare än faktiska behov. Inom tjänstemarknaden är produkterna som skapas och konsumeras vid samma tillfälle ofta mycket homogena. Det är svårt att veta på vilka grunder konsumenten väljer leverantör eftersom det ofta finns små skillnader mellan företagen. Det är viktigt för företag att förstå och tolka kunders behov, vanor och förväntningar. Det blir allt svårare att identifiera ett vinnande koncept – individualism bryter ner förmågan att förutse trender, produktlivscyklerna blir kortare, detta tillsammans med en mer flyktig, ombytlig, rörlig, livlig, impulsiv marknad. I uppsatsen undersöks vilka designfaktorer som skapar mervärde för kunden och påverkar valet av tjänsteföretag. Syftet med uppsatsen är att med hjälp av kvantitativ undersökning analysera vad det är som gör att kunderna väljer ett visst tjänsteföretag. Samt utvärdera om det går att uppfylla kundernas olika behov genom att addera nya faktorer till en tjänst för att skapa mervärde för kunden. Med perspektiv på servicetillfället utvärderas relationen mellan kund och företag i sanningens ögonblick.

Swedish consulting companies within the architecture-and engineering business exist on a market that is distinguished by an increasing globalization and internationalization. The companies’ commissions are based mostly on long-term, personal clientele. These relations are threatened by a huge number of coming retirements and high employee turnover. Consequently these companies need to improve and strengthen their relationships with existing customers, to create long-term employee and customer loyalty. The purpose of this essay was to analyze and evaluate consulting companies´ internal marketing. To elucidate the problem a survey has been performed on three architecture- and engineering business and their client. From the study, elements that are important to create loyalty have been derived. The theories are based on involvement, branding and organization. From the result it may be concluded that all consulting companies fulfil every factor considered important to create loyalty. These factors are mainly strong brand, high involvement and customer satisfaction. The companies realize the great importance of personal relations and are aware of the strategic procedures needed to create loyalty. They have also successfully created loyal customers. However, this loyalty is directed to individuals instead of companies. The fact that loyalty is directed to individuals instead of companies is not a big problem today, but coming retirements and high employee turnover means that in the future it will be more important to focus on creating loyalty towards the companies. To secure their future situation, the companies need to develop strategies to strengthen customer relations to the company. The conclusion is that companies in this position need to work strategically to build their brand image. By creating a stronger brand internally the companies will maintain an attractive working place, increasing loyalty amongst employees. This in turn will strengthen the possibilities to create long-term customer loyalty towards their brand. Suggestion to further research is to study additional factors that are important to create loyalty directed to the company. / Svenska konsultföretag inom arkitektur- och teknikbranschen agerar på en marknad som kännetecknas av en ökad globalisering och internationalisering. Företagens uppdrag bygger främst på långsiktiga och personliga kundkontakter som hotas av stora pensionsavgångar och hög personalomsättning. Av denna anledning behöver de nu förstärka relationerna med de befintliga kunderna samt knyta personalen till sig för att skapa både lojala anställda samt lojala kunder. Uppsatsens syfte var att analysera och utvärdera konsultföretagens interna marknadsföring. För att belysa problemet har en surveyundersökning gjorts på tre konsultföretag inom arkitektur- och teknikbranschen, samt hos deras kunder. Utifrån studien skulle faktorer härledas som är viktiga för konsultföretag för att skapa lojala anställda samt lojala kunder. Teoridelen baseras på teorier om involvering, branding och organisation. Resultatet visar att konsultföretagen uppfyller samtliga av de faktorer som anses viktiga för att skapa lojalitet. Dessa faktorer är främst starkt varumärke, höginvolvering samt kundtillfredsställelse. Företagen inser vikten av personliga relationer samt är medvetna om de strategiska arbetssätten för att skapa lojala kunder. Studien visar att företagen har lyckats med detta. Lojaliteten är dock personanknuten och inte riktad till företagen. Att lojaliteten är personanknuten är i dagsläget inget stort problem, men då stora pensionsavgångar väntar och personalomsättningen blir allt högre kommer det bli mer aktuellt i framtiden att fokusera lojaliteten till företaget. För att säkra situationen i framtiden behöver företagen arbeta strategiskt med att förankra kundkontakterna till företaget. Slutsatsen är att företagen i detta läge behöver arbeta strategiskt med att bygga upp sitt varumärke. Genom att börja varumärkesuppbyggandet internt och förankra företagets identitet erhålls en attraktiv arbetsplats, vilket stärker lojaliteten hos de anställda. Vidare ökar detta förutsättningarna för att skapa en långsiktig varumärkeslojalitet hos kunderna. Som förslag på vidare forskning gavs, att studera ytterligare faktorer som är viktiga för att skapa varumärkeslojalitet.

In Taiwan area, it has become a rule that the national identity cards of all population are changed every 10 years. The fifth comprehensive change of national identity cards was implemented from Dec. 21, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2006. The government institutions of different cities and counties (municipal) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior positively conducted national propaganda of the important news through the strong promotion of the change of identity cards by various means of mass media. First of all, the study investigates promotion strategies and procedures of the change of national identity cards in Taiwan, and then studies the promotion situation of the services for people, and further investigates how to strengthen the use of marketing ideas to achieve the goal of offering services for people. In view of this, the study reviews the related literature about the development procedures of the household registration system of Taiwan. Through the understanding of the situation and problems of the current use of new national identity cards, as well as the necessity of the change of national identity cards, the study focuses on marketing strategies to adopt SWOT analysis of trend and use questionnaire survey to make proof analysis and review. The study examines the effects and improvement measures of the government for execution of public domains, and provides the following research conclusions and suggestions for the Ministry of Interior and other government institutions as a reference for innovative promotion of public policies: 1. It is not easy to promote relationship marketing of the first line household registration institutions. 2. Important project work relatively needs the increase of reasonable and proper budget for promotion. 3. Strengthen the innovative development culture of household registration organization, and cultivate the overall marketing team. 4. A sound evaluation mechanism should be established for the marketing of public policies 5. Although the promotion of comprehensive change of national identity cards used different marketing channels, measures should still be strengthened on how to integrate different communication tools effectively. 6. Strengthen the public¡¦s rights of their awareness of the use of identity cards. The government has the responsibility and obligation to teach the public use of identity cards. The conclusions made by the study are that national identity card system is not a system that has to be existed in all countries. Each country can determine the necessary of offering identity cards to the citizens according to the country¡¦s idea of system. Under the national identity card system constructed in Taiwan, the nature of national identity card is to ¡§prove¡¨ that a citizen possesses the archive of his/her nationality. It also refers that national identity card is a document that cites the nationality relationship between a citizen of his/her country. Under this system, all the citizens of Taiwan are obliged to collect their national identity cards, and have the rights to ask for offering them. Therefore, the people of Taiwan should be cautious about the importance, safekeeping and use of national identity cards. The government should more positively bear the responsibility of strengthening the concept of ruling by laws because the maintenance of social stability depends on the people¡¦s practices and compliance with laws. Keywords: national identity card, household registration system, SWOT analysis of trend, relationship marketing, development culture, public policy marketing, national identity card system, concept of ruling by laws

Networking is commonly used in many business clusters such as in San Diego, California. The strongcollaborative and networking culture spurs entrepreneurial activities and is crucial forentrepreneurial success in the region. Networking is a fascinating phenomenon much discussed inliterature. Sociologists have tried to map the patterns of networks and describe its existence andfunction in society. Relationship marketing theorists have taken to the discussion from a businessperspective and explained the relationships between the individuals in the business network. Thepurpose of this research is to analyze social networking and network organizations in San Diego inorder to investigate what entrepreneurs can gain from networking which can accelerate growth insmall businesses. The empirical study consists of a qualitative case study in San Diego. Data has been collected throughsemi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, business service providers, investor, networkorganizations representatives, consultants and well-experienced professionals with knowledge froma variety of organizations in different industries. The theoretical study on networks, business networking, relationship marketing andentrepreneurship has led to the construction of the Entrepreneurial Relational Capital Model. Themodel is constructed on theories embraced in the thesis and is meant to work as a tool to evaluateentrepreneurs’ relational capital; or the entrepreneurs’ network of relationships and theirconstruction. The model has been used to analyze empirical data and the results show theimportance of evaluating business relationships for the entrepreneur to become more time efficientin networking, and to find the individual with the desired expertise. The research has shown thatentrepreneurs need to establish strong relationships to key individuals in the industry of their focus.The entrepreneurs’ social networking with key individuals accelerate the start-up process becausethe high level of trust in the relationship results in valuable referrals.

Background: LF is active in three markets: Property &amp; casualty insurance, pension and banking. The main objective for such a strategy is to differentiate by offering all the services to the customer who can enjoy the benefits of having their whole personal economy at one place. LF’s market requires great customer loyalty as the high fixed costs of acquiring a new customer does not make the customer profitable until several years later. If the company then can achieve excellent customer loyalty, there are great reasons to invest in this field. Direct marketing is a method known to be focusing on long term aspects by establishing a relationship which increases the customer loyalty. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study Länsförsäkringar Kalmar Län and analyse how they can use direct marketing to increase customer loyalty while operating in different service markets. Method: This thesis is using a case study on the relationship between Länsförsäkringar Kalmar Län and their beneficiary customers. The data has been collected through interviews with key personnel at the company and through a survey with participants from a key segment of the company’s beneficiary customers. The empirical findings were then analysed qualitatively. Conclusion: To successfully use direct marketing to increase customer loyalty the company needs to go through a four step process: Firstly, the company needs to know their customer by gathering data through CRM systems. Secondly, the company needs to understand their customer by interpreting the collected data. Thirdly, the company needs to inform their customer through customised direct marketing. At last, the company earns customer loyalty as the behaviour of the customer changes. The company now needs to gather new information and the process goes on in a continuous cycle. / Bakgrund: Länsförsäkringar Kalmar Län är idag aktiva på tre marknader: Sakförsäkring, Pension och Bank. Det viktigaste målet med en sådan strategi är att särskilja sig genom att erbjuda alla dessa tjänster till kunderna som får fördelen av att ha hela sin privatekonomi samlat på ett ställe. En sådan strategi kräver hög lojalitet hos kunderna på grund av att de höga fasta kostnaderna som uppstår vid förvärvet av en ny kund eftersom kunden ej blir lönsam förrän flera år senare. Om företaget kan uppnå hög kundlojalitet finns det stora skäl att investera inom området. Direkt marknadsföring är en metod som är känd att fokusera på långsiktiga aspekter genom att etablera en relation till kunden som på sikt höjer kundlojaliteten. Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att studera Länsförsäkringar Kalmar län och analysera hur de kan använda direkt marknadsföring för att höja kundlojaliteten medan de är aktiva i flera marknader för tjänster. Metod: Den här uppsatsen använder en fallstudie på relationen mellan Länsförsäkringar Kalmar Län och deras förmånskunder. Datan har samlats ihop genom intervjuer med nyckelpersoner på företaget och genom en enkätundersökning med deltagare från ett nyckelsegment bland företagets förmånskunder. De empiriska undersökningarna analyserades sedermera kvalitativt. Slutsats: Genom att använda direkt marknadsföring för att höja kundlojaliteten på ett lyckat sätt borde företaget gå igenom en process i fyra steg. För det första ska företaget lära känna sina kunder genom att samla data med hjälp av CRM system. För det andra, ska företaget förstå sina kunder genom att tolka den insamlade datan. För det tredje ska företaget kontakta sina kunder genom anpassad direkt marknadsföring. Slutligen ska företaget förtjäna kundlojalitet genom att ändra beteendet hos kunden. Eftersom beteendet hos kunden ändras behöver företaget nu samla in ny information och så fortgår processen i en cykel.