This thesis operates, unashamedly, from the premise that every act of criticism involves a self-reflexive gesture of one's own concerns and ideological imprintings. For this reason Chapter One establishes the writer's own involvement - both autobiographical and theoretical - in notions of male rage and the 'working through' of these concerns. Chapter Two conducts an overview of male rage and the extant systemic literature on the subject. It sets out the various positions on the subject and posits the importance of gender (over generation) in the praxis of therapy. Furthermore, it explores the possibility that the male is equally, but differently, troubled by the hegemonic forces of patriarchy as is the woman. Without diminishing the legitimacy of the woman's experience in the face of male rage, the argument is forwarded that the male is caught in a similar struggle but without the feminine articulatory resources. This chapter details the lack of male power in the face of his supposed muscular omnipotence. Seminal analytic approaches to the question of gender are raised in Chapter Three. Working through Freud, Klein, Lacan and Masters and Johnson an attempt is made to plot the 'evolution' of the feminine and the masculine. Central to this debate is the bi-polarization of gender relations within the same sex (biology/construction) and without (phallic/vaginal, clitoral, passive/active). What emerges is that femininity is bi-focal and that the woman has more resources at her disposal that hitherto acknowledged. While the woman is always double - as both clitoral and vaginal, as lover and mother- it appears that male sexuality is far more precarious than generally perceived. It is this dis-ease on the part of the male that translates itself into envy and, with it, the need to denigrate and belittle woman as the object of that envy. In Chapter 4 an attempt is made to overlap the seemingly divergent fields of analytic and systemic methodologies via the involvement of the therapist in the eco-system of analysis. The substantial role of the therapist -- and the coercive forces placed on him/her by the couple -- is used to modify Elkaim's model and to introduce the need for a telling of the particular stories that concentrate on the unique narratives of the warring couple rather than the patriarchal regime under which these stories are constrained. Before encountering these narratives an essay is made at establishing a methodology of sorts. Newton's scientific formulations are used in order to question the binary opposition that has been, historically, established between quantitative (male) and qualitative (female) methodologies. In the process of questioning this binary opposition it becomes clear that any form of objectifying approach constitutes a refuge from the messiness that is intrinsic to the therapeutic process. The experimental methodology that is posited is precisely one that engages in the narratives of male violence - four extracts are considered, each exposing different articulations of male violence. The question of female subjectivity (and the attendant power of the sorority) is returned to in light of these stories. Central to this section is the notion that male subjectivity is far more convoluted - perhaps more that the feminine counterpart - than initially conceived. The original identification with the (m)other forever displaces him in that the later identification with the father remains distant and contrived. For the purposes of maintaining the dialogic nature of this work, a feminist appraisal of the rage narratives concludes the thesis. Don Quixote is used, by way of an Epilogue, to offer three representations of male subjectivity and to look towards alternative subject positions for the male under patriarchy. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Les petits ARN interférents (siRNA) sont encore rarement utilisés chez les vertébrés transgéniques pour inhiber l'expression de gènes. En effet, les vecteurs contenant un promoteur de type ARN polymérase III comme ceux des gènes U6 et H1 qui permettent une expression élevée des gènes codant pour des ARNi dans des cellules sont souvent silencieux in vivo. Dans cette thèse, divers vecteurs exprimant des petits ARN double brins (shRNA) ont été testés dans des cellules en culture et chez des souris transgéniques pour inhiber l'ARN m du gène précoce IE du virus de la pseudo rage porcine responsable de la maladie d'Aujeszky. La quantité et la séquence des si RNA produits ont été étudiées par qPCR. Dans des cellules CHO transfectées pour une expression transitoire, les vecteurs contenant les gènes U6-shRNA ont été de loin les plus efficaces pour inhiber le gène IE en raison du niveau élevé de siRNA produit. Par ailleurs, deux constructions contenant le promoteur de type ARN polymérase II, le promoteur du gène eF1-α etune séquence de shRNA bordée par 5T ou introduite dans un gène de microARN (miRNA) le miR30 ont permis d'obtenir une inhibition significative mais limitée de l'ARNm du gène IE. Ceci parait être du au niveau relativement faible de siRNA produit. Le siRNA produit par le gène du miRNA s'est avéré aussi efficace que ceux obtenus à partir des constructions U6-shRNA bien que ces derniers soient un peu plus longs. Ces diverses constructions ont été utilisées pour obtenir des souris transgéniques. Des souris contenant la séquence du shRNA n'ont pu être obtenues qu'à partir de la construction miRNA. Ceci peut être du au fait que les siRNA produits par les autres constructions ont exercé un effet inhibiteur sur des cibles aspécifiques (off-targeting) qui ne s'est pas produit avec le siRNA provenant de la construction miRNA car il contient quelques nucléotides en moins. Les souris transgéniques contenant la construction miRNA ont été soumises à une infection par le virus de la pseudo rage porcine. Bien que les souris exprimaient le gène shRNA qu'à un faible niveau. Quelques souris transgéniques ont résisté à l'infection. La seconde partie de la thèse a consisté à sélectionner d'autres séquences de shRNA capables d'inhiber l'expression du gène IE sans exercer des effets aspécifiques. Deux séquences de shRNA ont permis une telle inhibition. L'une est dirigée contre la région 5'UTR du gène IE et l'autre contre la région 3'UTR. Ces données suggèrent que (1) l'efficacité d'un shRNA n'est pas déterminée par sa séquence d'une manière totalement prévisible (2) l'efficacité d'un siRNA est d'autant plus élevé que sa séquence cible dans l'ARNm est en structure double brin (3) un effet inhibiteur intense et optimum peut être obtenu avec des concentrations faibles d'un siRNA (4) les effets secondaires et en particulier le off-targeting peuvent avoir lieu à faible concentration du siRNA mais ils ont d'autant plus de chance de se produire que la concentration du si RNA est plus élevée (5) un siRNA destiné à être utilisé chez des animaux transgéniques devrait être choisi pour sa capacité à inhiber efficacement un gène à faible concentration pour réduire ses effets secondaires.

Im Fokus dieser Diplomarbeit steht ein korreliertes Anderson Modell. Unser Modell beschreibt kurzreichweitige Einzelplatzpotentiale, wobei negative Korrelationen zugelassen werden. Für dieses korrelierte Modell wird mittels der fraktionalen Momentenmethode im Falle genügend großer Unordnung exponentieller Abfall der Greenschen Funktion bewiesen. Anschließend wird daraus für den nicht korrelierten Spezialfall Anderson Lokalisierung bewiesen. / This thesis (diploma) is devoted to a correlated Anderson model. Our model describes short range single site potentials, whereby negative correlations become certified. For this correlated model exponential decay of the Greens' function is proven in the case sufficient large disorder according to the fractional moment method. Subsequently, we prove Anderson localization for the not correlated special case.

This thesis operates, unashamedly, from the premise that every act of criticism involves a self-reflexive gesture of one's own concerns and ideological imprintings. For this reason Chapter One establishes the writer's own involvement - both autobiographical and theoretical - in notions of male rage and the 'working through' of these concerns. Chapter Two conducts an overview of male rage and the extant systemic literature on the subject. It sets out the various positions on the subject and posits the importance of gender (over generation) in the praxis of therapy. Furthermore, it explores the possibility that the male is equally, but differently, troubled by the hegemonic forces of patriarchy as is the woman. Without diminishing the legitimacy of the woman's experience in the face of male rage, the argument is forwarded that the male is caught in a similar struggle but without the feminine articulatory resources. This chapter details the lack of male power in the face of his supposed muscular omnipotence. Seminal analytic approaches to the question of gender are raised in Chapter Three. Working through Freud, Klein, Lacan and Masters and Johnson an attempt is made to plot the 'evolution' of the feminine and the masculine. Central to this debate is the bi-polarization of gender relations within the same sex (biology/construction) and without (phallic/vaginal, clitoral, passive/active). What emerges is that femininity is bi-focal and that the woman has more resources at her disposal that hitherto acknowledged. While the woman is always double - as both clitoral and vaginal, as lover and mother- it appears that male sexuality is far more precarious than generally perceived. It is this dis-ease on the part of the male that translates itself into envy and, with it, the need to denigrate and belittle woman as the object of that envy. In Chapter 4 an attempt is made to overlap the seemingly divergent fields of analytic and systemic methodologies via the involvement of the therapist in the eco-system of analysis. The substantial role of the therapist -- and the coercive forces placed on him/her by the couple -- is used to modify Elkaim's model and to introduce the need for a telling of the particular stories that concentrate on the unique narratives of the warring couple rather than the patriarchal regime under which these stories are constrained. Before encountering these narratives an essay is made at establishing a methodology of sorts. Newton's scientific formulations are used in order to question the binary opposition that has been, historically, established between quantitative (male) and qualitative (female) methodologies. In the process of questioning this binary opposition it becomes clear that any form of objectifying approach constitutes a refuge from the messiness that is intrinsic to the therapeutic process. The experimental methodology that is posited is precisely one that engages in the narratives of male violence - four extracts are considered, each exposing different articulations of male violence. The question of female subjectivity (and the attendant power of the sorority) is returned to in light of these stories. Central to this section is the notion that male subjectivity is far more convoluted - perhaps more that the feminine counterpart - than initially conceived. The original identification with the (m)other forever displaces him in that the later identification with the father remains distant and contrived. For the purposes of maintaining the dialogic nature of this work, a feminist appraisal of the rage narratives concludes the thesis. Don Quixote is used, by way of an Epilogue, to offer three representations of male subjectivity and to look towards alternative subject positions for the male under patriarchy. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

“The relationship between the criminal and victim is much more complicated than the law would care to acknowledge. The criminal and his victim work on each other unconsciously. We can say that as the criminal shapes the victim, the victim also shapes the criminal. The law differentiates distinctly between the attacker and the victim. But their relationship may be, and often is, quite close, so that their roles are reversed and the victim becomes the determining person, while the [victimiser] in the end becomes his own victim.” (Abrahamsen, 1973:35). This research was directed at establishing whether narcissistic individuals will go to extreme levels of violence, specifically murder, if their self-image is threatened. The aim was to determine the extent of pre-existing narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in these individuals and how this contributed to the murderous action they committed. Emphasis was placed on the psychological motivation of the perpetrator, as well as the relationship that existed between the perpetrator and the victim prior to the event. As the subject of the research was a relatively unknown phenomenon, a qualitative research approach was used. The research focused on analysing specific cases of murder, more particularly cases where rage-type murders were committed. It endeavoured to identify the underlying personality dynamics to determine whether an association between rage-type murder and NPD exists. Case studies illustrating rage-type murderers who had been admitted to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital for a 30-day observation period were identified and analysed. These cases were selected through reviewing the case history of each individual to determine whether the murder fitted the outlined definition of a rage-type murder. The cases that met the outlined requirements were deemed suitable for the purpose of the research, where after the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) results of the selected cases were examined to determine the personality organisation of the individuals. This information was then used to determine the possible association between NPD and rage-type murder. The MMPI-2 was selected as the assessment tool as it is the most widely used personality assessment available. For the purposes of this research a two-point code type was used to indicate the presence of narcissistic personality traits. A two-point code type implies an elevation of two scales, for the purposes of this research specifically the Pd (Psychopathic deviance) scale and the Pa (Paranoia) scale, also referred to as the 4-6/6-4 code type. As interpretation based only on a two-scale elevation was considered to be overly simplistic, all the MMPI-2 clinical scales were interpreted independently, and a clinical interpretation provided in the context of each individual’s background. The 4-6/6-4 code type individual was used to indicate whether the individuals did have narcissistic personality traits, and thus were classified as having NPD. Nine cases were identified of individuals thought to be rage-type murderers, who were admitted for a 30-day period of psychiatric observation to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital in Pretoria. Only five cases were acknowledged as rage-type murders. All the cases selected were referred to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital by order of the court and involved males over the age of 20 years. The individuals involved were admitted to the Forensic Unit of the hospital and were subjected to standard psychiatric hospital observations, which included psychiatric interviews, psychological interviews, psychological testing, as well as general behavioural observations in the ward. All the information obtained during the standard psychiatric hospital observations is held in the clinical case files in the archives at the hospital. All the standard psychiatric hospital observation evaluations were completed prior to the initiation of the research, and the case records had been closed. Although more research is necessary, this research has established an association between the selected cases of rage-type murder and NPD and there is historic documented evidence suggesting that individuals with NPD will most likely react in a similar manner in similar circumstances, as a result of their underlying personality disorder. This suggests that incarceration in a correctional facility is not the most appropriate place to rehabilitate individuals. It also serves as support to why a person with NPD who commits a rage-type murder should be acquitted because of their personality disorder and subsequently be committed to a psychiatric facility as a patient of the state president. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

La présente thèse vise à interroger les rapports qu’entretiennent le factuel et le fictionnel dans "Ardor guerrero", "Sefarad" et "Ventanas de Manhattan" d’Antonio Muñoz Molina. En effet, si ces œuvres se présentent respectivement comme trois modalités d’une écriture factuelle, à savoir des mémoires, des témoignages et un récit de voyage, elles ne peuvent néanmoins être exemptes de fictionnalité. L’hybridation des faits et de la fiction au sein de ce corpus apparaît non seulement comme inéluctable mais aussi porteuse de sens dans la mesure où elle permet d’approcher d’une part la vision personnelle de l’auteur sur le monde et d’autre part les histoires de l’Autre dans toute sa vérité et son intimité. / This thesis aims to examine the relationships between the factual and the fictional in "Warrior’s Rage", "Sepharad" and "Windows on Manhattan" by Antonio Muñoz Molina. Indeed, if these works are presented respectively as three modalities of factual writing, that is to say memories, testimonies and a travelogue, they can’t nevertheless be free of fictionality. Hybridization of facts and fiction in this corpus is not only inevitable but also meaningful in that it allows approaching on the one hand the author's personal vision of the world and on the other hand the stories of the Other in all its truth and intimacy. / Esta tesis tiene como objetivo examinar las relaciones entre lo fáctico y lo ficticio en "Ardor guerrero", "Sefarad" y "Ventanas de Manhattan" de Antonio Muñoz Molina. De hecho, si estas obras se presentan respectivamente como tres modalidades de escritura fáctica, o sea como las memorias militares del autor, unos testimonios de perseguidos y un relato de viaje por Nueva York, no pueden sin embargo estar libres de ficcionalidad. La hibridación de los hechos y de la ficción en este corpus no sólo es inevitable, sino que permite también acercarse por un lado a la visión personal del autor sobre el mundo y por otro lado a las historias de los demás en toda su verdad y su intimidad.

We chose to base our literature study on the meme phenomena. The meme is a portion of culture that is spread among us from mind to mind. Every time we learn something by copying others we use information that has been passed on from a previous person, that information can be seen as a meme. The theoretical frame for our methodology in our exam paper is founded on Forsberg och Wengström research on literature studies. Our aim is to describe to the reader in depth what a meme is and how they could be helpful in an academic and pedagogical setting.Our study will show how memes are seen predominantly as graphic designs and as artifacts for cultural representation parallel to their imagery. This means that the cultural reference is only clear to the beholder if they have corresponding prior knowledge to the reference.Our study will also show via concrete examples how this could be used in school settings and as pedagogical tools in the classroom.

Dans l'Arctique, le risque de transmission de maladies zoonotiques comme la rage est encore une préoccupation pour la santé publique, avec plusieurs cas rapportés chaque année chez différentes espèces animales. L’interface entre la faune sauvage, les animaux domestiques et les humains pour la transmission de maladies sera en augmentation en raison des pressions grandissantes du développement anthropique et du réchauffement climatique. Les interactions directes entre les chiens domestiques des villages nordiques et les renards sauvages, les principales sources d’exposition à la rage, sont des évènements critiques pour l’exposition des humains au virus, mais très peu d’études se sont attardées à ce sujet. Les objectifs de ce projet sont 1- de décrire et de quantifier l’activité spatiale et temporelle des renards et des chiens libres et d’identifier les facteurs anthropiques et environnementaux qui influencent leur présence à proximité et dans les villages nordiques, 2- de quantifier les contacts directs et le potentiel d’interactions entre les renards et les chiens libres afin de mieux identifier les périodes et les zones avec un risque de transmission de la rage, 3- de comparer et discuter des résultats de l’activité des renards et des chiens libres et leur potentiel d’interactions entre les deux villages nordiques à l’étude et 4- d’identifier des méthodes de gestion pour diminuer les opportunités d’interactions entre les renards et les chiens libres. Afin de détecter la présence des deux carnivores, un réseau de caméras automatiques a été installé sur une grille spatiale autour et à l’intérieur de deux villages typiques du Nord, Kuujjuaq (près de la limite des arbres) et Inukjuak (à > 100 km de la limite des arbres). Pour chaque station caméra, différents facteurs anthropiques et environnementaux ont été évalués (distance au dépotoir, distance à l’aéroport, densité d’habitations, densité de chiens de traîneau, distance aux rues, distance à l’eau, indice de végétation). Les contacts directs et les indices d’interaction ont été calculés pour évaluer le potentiel d’interactions entre les renards et les chiens libres. Les opportunités d’interactions entre les renards et les chiens sont plus élevées à l’aube et au crépuscule pendant les mois d'octobre et de novembre en périphérie des deux villages, particulièrement près des chiens de traîneau et légèrement près du dépotoir municipal (KU) et de l’aéroport (IN). Les renards roux et les renards arctiques ont été observés à proximité et dans les deux villages, mais les renards roux sont plus souvent observés à Kuujjuaq (87% des observations) qu’à Inukjuak (renards arctiques : 74% des observations), ce qui reflète également des particularités biotiques et abiotiques uniques à chaque village. Les résultats suggèrent que les opportunités d’interactions entre les renards et les chiens représentent un risque d’exposition à la rage pour les chiens et les humains, et possiblement pour d’autres pathogènes nordiques transmissibles entre les chiens et la faune. Cependant, les évènements de contacts directs interspécifiques renard-chien sont rares et les opportunités d’interactions sont concentrées dans le temps et dans des zones restreintes, ce qui peut aider à cibler des mesures préventives visant à limiter les évènements de transmission. Cette étude fournit la première documentation sur l'activité des renards et leurs interactions avec les chiens libres dans les villages de l'Arctique. L’application d’une approche « Une seule Santé » devrait être utilisée pour prévenir ou diminuer le risque de transmission de la rage entre les renards et les chiens. / In the Arctic, the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases like rabies is still a public health concern, with several cases reported each year in different animal species. The interface between wildlife, domestic animals and humans for disease transmission will be increasing due to pressures from anthropogenic development and global warming. Direct interactions between domestic dogs in northern communities and wild foxes, the main source of rabies exposure, are critical of human exposure to the virus, but very few studies have focused on this. The objectives of this project are 1- to describe and quantify the spatial and temporal activity of free-ranging dogs and foxes, and identify the anthropogenic and environmental factors that influence their presence near and within northern villages, 2- to quantify direct contacts and the potential for interactions between free-ranging dogs and foxes in order to better identify periods and areas of higher risk of rabies transmission, 3- to compare and contrast dog-fox activity and interactions between the two northern villages under study, and 4- to identify management methods to reduce opportunities for fox-dog interactions. To detect the presence of the two carnivores, we set up a network of automatic cameras near and within two typical northern villages, i.e., Kuujjuaq (near the tree line) and Inukjuak (> 100 km from the tree line). For each camera, different anthropogenic and environmental factors were evaluated (distance to the landfill, distance to the airport, density of dwellings, density of sled dogs, distance to streets, distance to water, vegetation index). Direct contacts and interaction index were calculated to assess the potential for interactions between foxes and free-roaming dogs. Interaction opportunities between foxes and dogs are more likely to occur at dawn and dusk during the months of October and November, and on the outskirts of both villages, particularly near sled dogs and slightly nearer to the landfill (KU) and the airport (IN). Red and Arctic foxes were observed in and around both villages, but red foxes were more frequently observed in Kuujjuaq (87% of observations) while Arctic foxes were more frequent in Inukjuak (74% of observations), which also reflects the biotic and abiotic particularities specific to each village. These results suggest that fox-dog contacts around and within the village are likely, posing a real risk of peri-domestic rabies transmission to dogs and humans, and possibly for other northern pathogens transmissible between wildlife and dogs. Nevertheless, interspecific direct contact events are rare and interaction opportunities are concentrated in time and space, which may help target preventive measures aimed at limiting transmission events. This study provides the first documentation on the activity of foxes and their interactions with dogs and humans in Arctic communities. Considering the potential risk-by-proximity described in our study, a “One Health” approach could be applied to prevent or lower fox-dog rabies transmission.

No description available.

Abstract Uppsats:  I denna uppsats analyseras kvinnlig ilska genom ett feministiskt perspektiv, med fokus på hur den porträtteras och tolkas i filmen Mean Girls, specifikt genom karaktären Regina George. Genom att tillämpa teorier om stereotyper, genus och postfeminism diskuteras olika tolkningar av Reginas ilska. Där betonas Reginas styrka och självständighet, medan andra ser hennes ilska som svag och okvinnlig. Uppsatsen utforskar även hur dessa tolkningar kan påverkas av samhälleliga normer och hur dessa förändras över tid, med en särskild reflektion över postfeministiska perspektiv. Genom att kontextualisera och studera stereotyper kring kvinnlig ilska uppmuntrar uppsatsen en diskussion kring etiska och samhälleliga aspekter såsom jämställdhet. Genom att integrera dessa perspektiv bidrar uppsatsen till en mer omfattande förståelse av kvinnlig ilska och dess relevans för samhälleliga frågor och den populärkultur vi lever i idag. Abstract Media Produktion:  Jag vill återintroducera filmklassiker till den nya generationens ciniaster. Dagens filmsamhälle är trångt i och med den mängd filmer som produceras dagligen. Detta kan i sin tur leda till att de filmer som startade det hela lätt glöms bort i smeten. Filmstaden  har därför valt att införa något de valt att kalla för “klassiker veckan”. En vecka i månaden väljer filmstaden ut en känd regissör från förr och visar denna personens filmer under veckans gång. Första regissören som valts är Alfred Hitchcock och hans två filmer Psycho och Vertigo.  Jag har fått i uppgift att skapa rörliga teasers och affischer för denna klassiska filmvecka i marknadsföringssyfte.