Global ETD Search

11	Upplevelsen av mötet med skolsköterskan : Hbtq-ungdomars erfarenheter och förväntningar / The feeling of the meeting with the school nurse : LGBTQ-youths experiences and expectations Cartaxo, Elisabeth, Hansson, Kornelia January 2017 (has links) Upplevelsen av mötet med skolsköterskan – Hbtq-ungdomars erfarenheter och förväntningar Syfte: Att beskriva HBTQ-ungdomars erfarenheter av och förväntningar på skolsköterskans stöd i relation till deras sexualitet. Bakgrund: Forskning visar att skolsköterskan kan ha bristande kunskap samt negativa attityder gentemot sexuella minoriteter. Studier visar även att elever inte ansåg det säkert att prata med skolsköterskan om sexualitet. Metod: Ostrukturerade, berättande forskningsintervjuer genomfördes med 10 ungdomar som identifierade sig som HBTQ. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien visar att ungdomar som identifierar sig som HBTQ hade upplevt både positiva och negativa erfarenheter i mötet med sin skolsköterska. De ungdomar som haft positiva erfarenheter av sin skolsköterska upplevde att hen lyssnade med respekt och förmedlade trygghet. De negativa erfarenheterna grundades på att skolsköterskan haft bristande kunskap om HBTQ samt upplevts heteronormativ. Ungdomarna förväntade sig att bli lika behandlade, få möjlighet till aktivt samtalsstöd, en tillitsfull relation och ett kompetent bemötande från skolsköterskan. Slutsats: Skolsköterskan behöver ha kompetens och kunskap om HBTQ för att hen ska kunna möta ungdomar som identifierar sig som HBTQ på ett adekvat sätt. / The feeling of the meeting with the school nurse – LGBTQ-youths experiences and expectations Aim: To describe experiences of and expectations on support from school nurses by young LGBTQ people. Background: Research shows that school nurses may lack knowledge and have negative attitudes towards sexual minorities. Studies also show that students did not feel safe talking to the school nurse about sexuality. Method: Unstructured narrative interviews were conducted with 10 youths who identified themselves as LGBTQ. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The study shows that youths who identify themselves as LGBTQ have had both positive and negative experiences in interactions with their school nurse. Youths who have had positive experiences with their school nurse felt that the nurse listened with respect and mediated safety. The negative experiences are due to the school nurse not being well versed in the subject of LGBTQ as well as seeming heteronormative. The expectations of the youths were to be treated equally, given the opportunity for active call support, a trustworthy relationship and a competent response from school nurses. Conclusion: A school nurse needs to be compentent and possess knowledge in LGBTQ to properly interact with LGBTQ-youths. LGBTQ sexuality sexual preference youths school nurse social support interview study qualitative content analysis HBTQ sexualitet sexuell läggning ungdomar skolsköterska socialt stöd intervjustudie kvalitativ innehållsanalys Nursing Omvårdnad
12	Sexual orientation self-label, behavior, and preference: College students in Taiwan and the USA Roberts, Mary Kathryn 08 1900 (has links) The relationships among self-labeled sexual orientation, sexual preferences, and sexual behaviors were examined in samples from Taiwan and the USA. Subsamples matched on gender, age, and marital status were created to reduce sexual orientation cell size discrepancies and demographic differences. Sexual orientation self-label, the Kinsey Scale of Sexual Orientation, and a modified version for preference were used to assess participants' sexual orientation, behavior, and preference, respectively. Additional measures included an adaptation of the Early Sexual Experiences Checklist, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for psychological distress. For both Taiwan and USA subsamples, heterosexual participants reported significantly greater congruence between sexual orientation identity and preference than did nonheterosexual participants. A high proportion of the Taiwan sample were celibate, precluding analyses of congruence between sexual orientation identity and sexual behavior. Congruence between sexual behavior and preference in the USA sample was negatively correlated with psychological distress. In a cross-cultural comparison between the Taiwan and USA women (n = 176), the two samples reported similar congruence between sexual orientation identity and preference. Exploratory analyses revealed that heterosexual participants' sexual orientation label was more “public, ” (more categories of people who knew the participants' sexual orientation), than was nonheterosexuals' in both Taiwan and the USA. In Taiwan, heterosexual and nonheterosexual participants reported similar proportions who were celibate. A gender difference within the USA subsample included that men reported significantly greater congruence than did women regarding sexual orientation identity and congruence between behavior and preference. Analyses comparing self-labeled sexual orientation groups on unwanted childhood sexual experiences and age of earliest voluntary sexual activity were not significant. This study's limitations included small numbers of bisexual (USA n = 27, Taiwan n = 17) or homosexual (USA n = 35, Taiwan n = 9) participants, prohibiting distinctions between them. Recommended future research includes examining the self-labeling process, Asian American student sexual behaviors, and incorporating frequency and intrusiveness when assessing unwanted childhood sexual experiences. Sexual orientation -- Taiwan. Sexual orientation -- United States. sexual orientation sexual behavior sexual preference
13	Rôle de la sélection intersexuelle dans l’évolution de la cognition mâle et femelle : approche observationnelle et théorique Barou-Dagues, Marie 08 1900 (has links) Choisir un partenaire sexuel est une décision importante pour un animal. Parce que cette décision va considérablement affecter son succès reproducteur, l’individu doit se baser sur un ensemble de traits qui reflètent la qualité du partenaire. Depuis peu, une attention particulière est portée sur l’importance de la cognition dans le contexte de choix de partenaire. En effet, la capacité à percevoir, intégrer, mémoriser et utiliser l’information disponible dans l’environnement permet aux individus de répondre de manière appropriée aux problèmes qu’ils rencontrent et d’ajuster leur comportement en conséquent. Si les femelles retirent un bénéfice à s’apparier avec des mâles capables de répondre aux changements de leur environnement, ces derniers pourraient avoir un accès privilégié à l’appariement lors du choix de partenaire des femelles. Certaines évidences appuient cette idée en démontrant notamment des relations positives entre les capacités cognitives des mâles et leur succès d’appariement et reproducteur et en révélant des préférences sexuelles femelles pour des traits cognitifs mâles. Cependant, ces résultats restent très contrastés, particulièrement chez les animaux non humains où l’importance du choix de partenaire dans l’évolution de la cognition n’est pas encore clairement définie. L’objectif de ma thèse était donc d’explorer le rôle du choix de partenaire dans l’évolution de la cognition mâle et femelle en combinant l’approche observationnelle sur une espèce d’oiseaux monogame et l’approche théorique en utilisant un modèle à base d’agents. Plus précisément, en réalisant des expériences en laboratoire sur le Diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata), j’ai notamment testé si les femelles démontrent une préférence pour des mâles capables d’ajuster leur comportement d’approvisionnement en réponse à un changement environnemental. J’ai ensuite examiné, dépendamment de leurs propres capacités cognitives, si les femelles expriment des préférences pour des mâles performants dans quatre tests psychométriques différents. J’ai finalement exploré les rôles respectifs de la sélection naturelle et intersexuelle en simulant l’évolution de la cognition sous différents scénarios environnementaux. Les résultats de cette thèse ont révélé que les femelles diamants mandarin exprimaient une préférence pour les mâles capables d’ajuster leur comportement d’approvisionnement ainsi que les mâles performants dans certaines tâches cognitives. Cependant, ces préférences n’étaient pas unanimes et dépendaient des propres capacités cognitives des femelles à performer dans ces différentes situations. À l’échelle évolutive, la sélection intersexuelle à travers le choix de partenaire modifiait les patrons d’évolution de la cognition prédits lorsque la sélection naturelle opérait seule. En effet, elle favorisait l’évolution de bonnes capacités cognitives lorsque les contraintes environnementales étaient faibles, mais maintenait de la diversité cognitive lorsque ces contraintes étaient élevées. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que le choix de partenaire jouerait un rôle important dans l’évolution et le maintien de diversité cognitive au sein des populations. Néanmoins, les conséquences évolutives du choix de partenaire sur les capacités cognitives des individus dépendraient de l’avantage adaptatif à s’apparier avec un mâle plus performant, c’est-à-dire de la capacité cognitive mâle considérée, des caractéristiques des femelles et de l’environnement dans lequel ce choix est fait. / Choosing a mate is an important decision for an animal. Because this decision significantly affects an individual’s reproductive success, it must base its choice according to different traits that reflect the quality of potential mates. Recently, a particular attention has been given to cognitive traits in mate choice context. Indeed, the ability to perceive, integrate, memorize and use the information available in the environment allows individuals to act properly when facing a problem and to adjust their behaviours accordingly. Given that females could benefit from choosing males capable of responding to environmental changes, those with good cognitive abilities should have privileged access to females in mate choice contexts. Some evidence supports this idea by revealing positive relationships between males’ cognitive abilities and their mating and reproductive success as well as female mating preference for male cognitive abilities. However, these results stay contrasted, particularly in non-human animals for which the importance of mate choice in the evolution of cognition is still not clearly defined. The objective of my PhD was to explore the role of mate choice in the evolution of male and female cognition by combining an observational approach using a monogamous bird species and a theoretical approach using an agent-based model. Specifically, by running laboratory experiments on zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), I tested whether females demonstrated a mate preference for males able to adjust their foraging behaviour following an environmental change. Then, I investigated whether females, depending on their own cognitive abilities, demonstrated a mate preference for better performers in four different psychometric tests. I finally explored the relative role of natural and sexual selection by simulating the evolution of cognition under different environmental scenarios. The results of this PhD project revealed that zebra finch females preferred males exhibiting greater behavioural plasticity in their foraging tactic use as well as males performing better in several cognitive tasks. However, females’ preference for cognitive abilities was not unanimous but depended on females’ own abilities to perform in these tasks. At the evolutionary scale, intersexual selection through mate choice changed the evolutive patterns observed under natural selection alone. In fact, intersexual selection promoted good cognitive abilities under most favourable environments but maintained cognitive diversity under the harsher ones. Taken together, these results suggest that mate choice plays an important role in the evolution and maintenance of cognitive diversity within populations. Nevertheless, the evolutive consequences of mate choice on individual cognitive abilities should depend on i) the adaptive value of mating with a male with better performance, and thus, on the cognitive ability considered, ii) the female characteristics and iii) the local environment during mate choice. sélection intersexuelle capacités cognitives préférence sexuelle diversité cognitive Diamant mandarin modèle à base d’agents intersexual selection cognitive abilities sexual preference cognitive diversity Zebra finch agent-based model
14	Kunskapsproduktion kring fetischism : Att förhålla sig till sakorienterad sexualitet Nilsson-Jatko, David January 2023 (has links) Detta projekt söker efter vägledande principer för en kunskapsproduktion kring fetischistisk sexualitet. Detta har utförts genom diskursanalytiska och genealogiska studier av hur fetischism konstrueras i olika sociokulturella sammanhang. Analysen indikerar att fetischistisk sexualitet existerar i en marginaliserad position i ett maktrelationellt landskap, där yttre grupper har olika incitament till att återge fetischism på bristfälliga, sexualiserande och andrafierande sätt. Detta medför olika problem vad gäller kunskapsproduktionen kring fetischistisk sexualitet och kan antas bidra till upprätthållandet av nuvarande sexualnormer. För att minimera dessa kunskapsproduktionsproblem föreslås åtta vägledande principer: En ansvarstagande kunskapsproduktion som utgår från subjektet; medvetenhet om stereotyper och om patologins kvardröjande ok; användande av icke-andrafierande terminologi; medvetenhet om könsorienteringsnormen; medvetenhet om politiserade begrepp; undvikande av låsning i subkulturell identitetspolitik; en förståelse för den abjektas möjligheter att tala; samt bruk av intrasektionell analys. Dessa principer kan förstås bidra till ett tillgängliggörande av forskningsfältet kring fetischism samt bidra till en allmän förståelse för sexualitet bortom kön. / This project aims to find guiding principles for a knowledge production around fetishism. This has been conducted through discourse analysis and genealogical studies of the construction of fetishism in central contexts. The analysis indicates that fetishism is marginalised in a weave of power relations, where external interests have incitaments to vilify, sexualise and otherise fetishistic sexuality. This is understood to potentially cause various problems when it comes to knowledge production around fetishism. In order to minimise these problems, eight guiding principles are suggested: A knowledge production based in the subject; awareness of lingering pathological notions and stereotypes; usage of non-othering terminology; awareness of the sex/gender orientation norm; awareness of politicised definitions; awareness of subcultural identity politics; an understanding of the abject's ability to speak; and usage of intra-sectional analysis. Fetishism fetishism research fetishism studies knowledge production queer queer theory queer studies sexology fetish fetishist gender gender studies gender and queer studies gender science norm norms sex/gender orientation norm sex orientation norm gender orientation norm orientation sexual orientation preference sexual preference minorities sexual minorities lgbt lgbtq lgbtqi lgbtqia normativity heteronorm heteronormativity erasure sexualisation sexualization marginalisation marginalization intersectionality intrasectionality opression law legislation discrimination cultural dominance Fetischism fetischismforskning fetischismstudier kunskapsproduktion kunskapsideal queer sexologi sexualvetenskap begär fetisch fetish fetischist fetishism queerteori genus genusvetenskap genusstudier norm normer könsorienteringsnorm könsorienteringsnormen läggning sexuell läggning orientering sexuell orientering preferens sexuell preferens minoriteter sexuella minoriteter hbtq hbtqi hbt hbtqia heteronorm heteronormen osynliggörande erasure sexualisering synlighet normkritik sanningsregim marginalisering intersektionalitet intrasektionalitet strukturellt förtryck lagstiftning diskrimineringslag diskrimineringslagen diskrimineringslagstiftning kulturdominans Gender Studies Genusstudier

Page generated in 0.0868 seconds