This study examines how the Swedish journalists Cissi Wallin and Fredrik Virtanen were framed and reported in the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet during their conflict during the #metoo movement. The actor Alyssa Milano used the words me too in a hashtag to put a light on her sexual assaulter, Harvey Weinstein, and encouraged other women on social media to do the same.  In Sweden Cissi Wallin was one of the first women to use the hashtag and tell her own story of how she was drugged and raped by Fredrik Virtanen in the year of 2006, who at the time was an employee at Aftonbladet. It was the start of a media scandal that would be continued for years after #metoo had its beginning. The ways that the media has been reporting about women in the manner of being a victim, has been shown in earlier studies being very gender stereotypical. The purpose of the study was to use Judith Butler's theory of gender and examine how Cissi Wallin and Fredrik Virtanen are framed based upon gender. By using Jesper Strömbäcks theory of news evaluation the study will look at how Aftonbladet has used both Wallin and Virtanen as opponent themes in their articles and in which ways they are framed. With the use of Adam Shehatas framing theory the study will also take a closer look at how Cissi Wallin and Fredrik Virtanen were framed in these articles. Both each individual and their relationship. The method used to examine the topic of the study was by a critical discourse theory which led to numerous themes showing that Aftonbladet used the power of being a big news source and also the employer of Virtanen to make Wallin the guilty one by the ways she was framed. Among other things the result showed how Aftonbladet used their position to neglect Wallins story by taking sides with Virtanen during the period of the conflict.

Syftet i vår undersökning är att undersöka skillnader mellan mäns och kvinnors upplevelse av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. För att kunna uppnå vårt syfte har följande frågeställning utformats: Är det någon skillnad mellan män och kvinnors upplevelse av stress, mobbning, sexuella trakasserier, socialt stöd, chefsstöd och autonomi i deras arbetsmiljö? Studien har utförts via vår webbenkät på sociala medier, Facebook och LinkedIn. Vår metod har varit av kvantitativ art och genomförts med 112 respondenter. För att få så många svar som möjligt har vi delat enkäten offentligt och via Messenger med vänner som kunde ta del av den. Motiveringen till att detta material används i denna studie är att det kan bidra till en förståelse för respondenternas upplevelse av stress, mobbning, socialstöd, chef stöd, sexuella trakasserier, autonomi, inflytande och egenkontroll, samt för att kunna jämföra skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i dessa avseenden. Resultatet avslöjade inga skillnader mellan män och kvinnor som var statistiskt säkerställda Eftersom respondenterna i studien har deltagit på eget initiativ avviker de sannolikt från populationen i sin helhet avseende intresse för och erfarenheter av könsskillnader och frågor om arbetsmiljö. Resultatet kan därför inte generaliseras till andra grupper i samhället. Vidare forskning bör använda sig av randomiserade urval för att undersöka könsskillnader gällande stress, mobbning, sexuella trakasserier, socialt stöd, chefsstöd, autonomi, inflytande och egenkontroll. / The purpose of our study is to investigate men's and women's experiences of their psychosocial work environment. To fulfil our purpose and our questions the following research question were formulated “Is there any difference between men and women's experience of stress, bullying, sexual harassment, social support, management support and autonomy in their work environment?” The study has been conducted via our web survey on social media, Facebook and LinkedIn. Our method has been of a quantitative nature and implemented with 112 respondents. To get as many answers as possible, we have shared the questionnaire publicly and via messenger with friends who could take part of it. The reason why this material is used in this study is that it can contribute to an understanding of the respondents' experience of stress, bullying, social support, manager support, sexual harassment, autonomy, influence and self-control, and to be able to compare differences between men and women in these aspects. The result showed that in some cases there are differences between men and women. However, the result showed that there were no significant gender differences. This suggests that further research should continue to investigate gender differences regarding stress, bullying, sexual harassment, social support, managerial support, autonomy, influence and self-control, since the result can be interpreted as being that generalizing conclusions in this regard cannot be drawn at this time.

Digital platforms such as social media are big part of people's everyday life and social network. Recent studies shows that the ability to act anonymously on social media has increased harassment behaviors online. For marginalized groups, digital platforms are important for the act of freedom of speech and harassments online can limit these groups in the digital environment. Within the framework of this study we found, that there is a lack of studies that specifically research sexual harassments online and what different factors that may have an impact on the problem. Therefore, the aim for this study was to research what values, attitudes and emotions users of social media services experiences online. We wanted to research, from a user perspective, what existing counter-strategies options are provided on social media against sexual harassments online, and if there are other technical design solutions for social media interfaces. Within the framework of this essay we have conducted a focus group interview and a participatory design workshop. The empirical data that was collected has been analysed with different theories such as power, resistance, empowerment in design, master suppression techniques in social media, feminist HCI and social norms and participatory design. The study also use previous research on harassment on social media to further understand the empirical data for the analysis. In this study there are findings from the focus group that has been placed in three different themes. 1) The importance of social relationships for counter-strategies against sexual harassment online. 2) Social norms and normalization of sexual harassment online. 3) The importance of technical aspects for dealing with sexual harassment online. Our study shows that the counter-strategies options on social media services today are not sufficient enough for these different aspects. The participatory design workshop in this study resulted in eight possible technical design solutions. These solutions can be implications for design on social media interfaces and can work as counter-strategy tools against sexual harassments online. This study only research one focus group, therefore the study can be used as a basis for further research. By including users with participatory design methods, values made from users of social media in relation to sexual harassments online can unfold and hopefully decrease the problem.

Hösten 2017 uppstod kampanjen #metoo och kvällstidningen Expressen rapporterade om programledaren Martin Timell som anklagades för att ha sexuellt trakasserat en kvinnlig assistent under en sommarfest. Med Expressens rapportering som utgångspunkt fokuserar studien på hur män och kvinnor tolkar och identifierar sig med rapporteringen kring händelsen. Det empiriska materialet består av tre fokusgrupper med sammanlagt åtta kvinnor och åtta män som fick ta del av två artiklar som föranalyserats retoriskt genom metaforer. Fokusgruppernas svar transkriberades och citat valdes ut för att sedan tolkas utifrån teorier om receptionsanalys, genus och kändisskap. Resultatet visade att männen höll sig mer distanserade till rapporteringen och identifierade sig inte med ämnet i samma utsträckning som kvinnorna. Både männen och kvinnorna såg feminism som en kvinnokamp och sexuella trakasserier som något som rör kvinnor i större utsträckning än män. Resultatet visar att de manliga och kvinnliga deltagarna hade ett accepterande förhållningssätt till rapporteringen. Männen och kvinnorna identifierade sig också olika ämnet i rapporteringen eftersom de har olika erfarenheter av sexuella trakasserier. / In the fall of 2017, the campaign #metoo erupted and the evening newspaper Expressen reported on the accusations made at the television host, Martin Timell, of having sexually harassed a female assistant at a summer party. The study focuses on how men and women interpret and identify with the reporting of the accusations. The empirical material consisted of three focus groups with a total of eight women and eight men who received two articles which was analyzed rhetorical in advance using metaphors. The focus groups' replies were transcribed and quotes were selected and then interpreted based on a reception analysis theory, genus theory and celebrity theory. The result showed that the men kept themselves distant and did not identify themselves with the topic. The women on the other hand could relate more easily to the reporting. Both men and women saw feminism as something that women have to fight for and sexual harassment as something that concerns women to a greater extent than men. The result shows that the male and female participants had an accepting interpretation regarding the articles. They identified themselves differently with the topic of the articles because male and females have different experiences when it comes to sexual harassment.

Skolan har ett ansvar att arbeta förebyggande mot sexuella trakasserier. Trots detta visar undersökningar på att elever uppfattar att sexuella trakasserier förekommer på skolan, samtidigt som lärare uppfattar sin kompetens i sex- och samlevnadsundervisning som bristfällig. Genom #metoo fick sexuella trakasserier ett genomslag världen över. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur det förebyggande arbetet mot sexuella trakasserier bedrivs i grundskolan samt om sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen har förändrats sedan #metoo. Studien baseras på kvalitativ metod där data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuer har genomförts med fem NO-lärare som undervisar i årskurs 6-9 från olika grundskolor i Stockholms län, Västmanlands län samt Uppsalas län. En manifest innehållsanalys tillämpades för att analysera intervjumaterialet. Resultatet visar att arbetet mot sexuella trakasserier främst sker under sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen, i form av diskussioner och övningar för att främja en personlig integritet hos eleverna. Lärarna uppfattar att de inte prioriterar sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen lika mycket som de skulle vilja. Elevhälsoteamet bidrar till ett stöd för lärarna genom rådgivning. Lärarna uppfattar att sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen har förändrats sedan #metoo, med mer levande diskussioner i klassrummet om framför allt sexuellt samtycke. Slutligen visar resultatet på att lärarna belyser att arbetet mot sexuella trakasserier är viktigt, däremot uppfattar de ett behov av kompetensutveckling inom sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen och en mer ämnesintegrerad undervisning. / The school has a responsibility to work preventively against sexual harassment. However, surveys show that students feel that sexual harassment is occurring at school, while teachers perceive their skills in sex and cohabitation as inadequate. Through #metoo, sexual harassment had a worldwide impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate how preventive work against sexual harassment is carried out in primary school and whether sex and cohabitation education has changed since #metoo. The study is based on a qualitative method where data has been collected through semi-structured interviews. Interviews have been conducted with five NO teachers who teach grades 6-9 from various primary schools in Stockholm County, Västmanland County and Uppsala County. A manifest content analysis was applied to analyze the interview material. The result shows that the work against sexual harassment is mainly done during sex and cohabitation education, in the form of discussions and exercises to promote the personal integrity of the students. Teachers feel that they do not prioritize sex and cohabitation education as much as they would like. The student health team contributes to support the teachers through counseling. Teachers feel that sex and cohabitation education has changed since #metoo, with more lively discussions in the classroom about, especially regarding sexual consent. Finally, the results show that the teachers emphasize that the work against sexual harassment is important, on the other hand, they experience a need for skills development in sex and cohabitation education and a more subject-integrated teaching.

Sexuella trakasserier inom vårdbranschen är vanligt förekommande, och kan ha allvarliga konsekvenser för både individen och arbetsplatsen. Enligt tidigare studier är patienter en vanlig förövare för sexuella trakasserier, men trots det har arbetsgivaren ingen åtgärdsskyldighet utifrån Diskrimineringslagen. Däremot kan sexuella trakasserier ifrån patienter röra sig om en allvarlig arbetsmiljöfråga, vilket arbetsgivaren har yttersta ansvaret för. Det saknas generellt kunskap om sexuella trakasserier ifrån patienter, och i synnerhet kunskap i hur chefer på sjukhus upplever sitt arbete med att förebygga samt hanterar sexuella trakasserier ifrån sjukhus, vilket motiverar genomförandet av föreliggande studie. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka första linjen-chefers upplevelser av att arbeta emot sexuella trakasserier ifrån patienter mot vårdpersonal på sjukhus. Studien är en mixed-method studie med kvalitativ ansats, som består av två delstudier: policystudien och intervjustudien. Policystudien bestod av en kartläggning över policydokument om sexuella trakasserier ifrån patienter inom en specifik region. Endast en relevant policy fanns och denna analyserades med hjälp av en policyanalys av Carol Bacchi: WPR. Data till intervjustudien samlades in via intervjuer med tio första linjen-chefer på sjukhuset som hade den relevanta policyn. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet av studien visar att den analyserade policyn i liten utsträckning handlar om sexuella trakasserier, och framställer patienter som inte har förtroende för en arbetsgrupp kännetecknad av mångfald som ett problem. Första linjen-chefer i föreliggande studie upplever en viss mättnad i hur mycket som fenomenet går att förebygga, och de tror att de flesta incidenter hanteras av vårdpersonalen själva. / The aim of this study was to examine first line managers experiences of working against sexual harassment from patients against clinicians in hospitals. The study was qualitative using mixed methods gathering data. The study was conducted in two substudies. The first by mapping out policys on sexual harassment from patients within a specific region, then analysed by using the policy analysis method What’s the problem represented to be? The second substudy was carried out by conducting interviews with ten first line managers in a hospital, and analysed by a qualitative content analysis. The results show that the analysed policy does not include sexual harassment to a great extent, and presents patients distrust to a workgroup characterized by diversity as a problem. First line managers experience some saturation in how much they can prevent sexual harassment from patients, and feel that most incidents are handled by the clinicians themselves. First line managers experience the policy as some what “black and white” but at the same time a good basic support tool, and therefore the managers experiences of preventing and handling sexual harassment from patients could give a more nuanced picture of the phenomenon.

The aim of this study was to investigate how school staff work to counteract sexual harassment and abuse of children, 6 to 16 years of age, online and in real life. The aim of this study was also to investigate the role of norms and norm-creating processes regarding sexual harassment and abuse in school staff’s stories. This study is based on nine semi-structured interviews, conducted with school staff such as teachers, social educators and counselors, who work in primary school. The study's theoretical starting points are norm- critical analysis, professional theory and the masculinity theory. Results showed that school staff mainly use norm-critical conversations. These conversations aim to involve students to reflect on their role in the establishment of norms. Through discussions, lessons and value exercises, school staff question destructive norm systems, students' behaviors and attitudes, what is okay and what is not. The staff lacks routines for how to deal with sexual harassment and abuse that takes place online. The results of the study indicate that the preventive work needs to include more knowledge about social media and that the school's core values also needs to include attitudes, norms and behaviors on social media. A solution, according to school staff, is for students to leave their mobile phones with the staff before each lesson so that they are not affected by them during this time. School staff believe that the preventive work around sexual harassment and abuse, that takes place online, is about questioning behaviors and enabling students to have the courage tell adults about what happens among students. It emerges that norm- setting processes are a central part of school staff’s work to counteract sexual harassment and abuse. School staff experience some organizational difficulties, such as resources and time, to be able to work with norm-critic analyses. A challenge they face is to involve other professional groups, to prioritize this together and work more preventively. Another challenge is also found among the collegial work, where certain professional groups feel that this kind of analyses needs to apply to the entire organization and not only to individuals within the school. In addition to the organizational challenge, school staff experience that a major challenge is found among students' attitudes, behaviors and values, especially among boys.

Uppsatsen syftar till att bidra med mer kunskap om könsdiskriminering och sexuella trakasserier riktade mot kvinnliga fastighetsmäklare i Sverige. Frågor som besvaras är: Hur uppfattar fastighetsmäklarna organisationskulturen på sina arbetsplatser? Förekommer könsdiskriminering och sexuella trakasserier i branschen? I så fall, i vilken omfattning och hur ges det i uttryck? Studien genomförs med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod i form av en webbenkät, besvarad av kvinnliga fastighetsmäklare i Sverige. Resultatet visar att fastighetsmäklarna anses ha en kultur på arbetsplatsen som tillåter samtal om arbetsmiljö, men däremot är det mindre än hälften av dem som känner till om arbetsplatsen har ett tillvägagångssätt för hantering av bristande arbetsmiljöhälsa. Studien visar också att könsdiskriminering och sexuella trakasserier förekommer i fastighetsmäklarbranschen mot kvinnliga fastighetsmäklare. Undersökningen visar att den som diskriminerar och/eller trakasserar är en chef, kollega/branschkollega och/eller kund/spekulant. Handlingen ges i uttryck både verbalt och fysiskt. / The purpose of this study is to contribute with more knowledge about gender discrimination and sexual harassment directet towards real estate agents in Sweden. Questions answered are: How do real estate agents perceive the organizational culture at their workplace? Does gender discrimination and sexual harassment occur in the industry? If so, to what extent, and how is it expressed? The study is based on a quantitative method, using an internet based questionnaire, answered by female real estate agents in Sweden. The results of the study show that the real estate agents are considered to have a culture in the workplace that allows conversations about the work environment, but on the other hand, less than half of them know whether the workplace has an approach for handling poor work environment health. The study also shows that gender discrimination and sexual harassment occur in the real estate industry against female real estate agents. It is shown that the person who discriminates/harasses is a manager, colleague/colleague in the industry and/or customer/speculator. The action can be expressed both verbally and physically.