Partnervåld innefattar våld i nära relationer i en partnerrelation. Tidigare forskning kring partnervåld fokuserar främst på våldet gentemot kvinnor, med manliga förövare. Manliga offer utsatta för partnervåld diskuteras sällan, och forskningen om ämnet är begränsat. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka skillnader i attityder och bedömningar gjorda av socialarbetare som i sitt arbete kommer i kontakt med partnervåld, och om dessa påverkas beroende på om den våldsutsatta personen är en man eller en kvinna. För att undersöka skillnader användes en kvantitativ vinjettmetod med tillhörande enkätfrågor. Två separata respondentgrupper har besvarat enkätfrågorna utifrån vinjetter som är uppdelade i två delar. I vinjetterna introduceras varje respondent för ett heterosexuellt par med en problematik av partnervåld. Vinjetterna är identiska med undantaget att karaktärernas kön är utbytta. Resultatet visar att i den våldsutsatta mannens situation bedöms våldet vara mindre allvarligt, att det finns mindre risk för fortsatt våld i relationen samt att den våldsutsatta mannen i lägre utsträckning är i behov av individuella insatser. Respondenterna ansåg även oftare att den våldsutövande kvinnan är i behov av individuella insatser jämfört med den manliga våldsutövaren. Teorier använda för att tolka resultatet innefattar socialkonstruktivism och genusteori. Studien kan tillföra perspektiv för ämnet om våldsutsatta män, och belyser att bedömningar om våldsutsatta kan skilja sig åt beroende på genus. / Domestic partner violence is violence in a partner relationship. Earlier research on domestic partner violence mainly focus on the violence against women, with male perpetrators. Male victims exposed to partner violence are rarely discussed, and research of the subject is limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes and assessments made by social workers who in their work encounter domestic partner violence, and if the social workers are affected depending on whether the person exposed to partner violence is a man or a woman. A quantitative vignette method with accompanying survey questions were used to investigate differences. Two separate groups of respondents answered survey questions based on vignettes divided into two parts. The respondents are each introduced in the vignettes to a heterosexual couple with a problem of partner violence. These vignettes are identical except for the characters’ genders which have been swapped. The result reveals that violence towards the victimized man is considered less serious, that there is less risk of continued violence in the relationship and that the victimized man is in less need of individual interventions. Respondents also considered to a lesser extent that the female perpetrator needed individual interventions compared to the male perpetrator. Social constructivism and gender theory are the theories used to interpret these results. The study can add perspectives about the subject of male victims and highlight that assessments of people exposed to partner violence may differ depending on the victim’s gender.

The aim of this study is to provide knowledge about how preschoolers discuss about carbon dioxide bubbles and its buoyancy. To answer the study´s questions, three focus groups with a total of twelve children and six group interviews with a total of eight children, have been used as a method. In the implementation of the focus groups and the group interviews, the experiment dancing raisins was used. The experiment was used as a concrete material to make the carbonic acid visible to the children. A social constructivist perspective has been used during the analyzes of the data. From the keywords that emerged during the analysis, nine categories have been identified and divided to answer the questions of the study. The result shows that when the children were to describe the carbonic acid, they used the words bubbles and bubble water. Only one child said the word gas, but none of the children used the word carbonic acid. The result also shows that the children in the study have previous experiences that the appearance and characteristics of objects affect whether they float or sink. The result shows that the children mainly used everyday concepts and lack scientific concepts when describing the phenomenon. The result of the study can contribute to a developed chemistry teaching in the preschool, by letting preschool teachers know what words children use to describe a phenomenon and thus adapt the chemistry content of the preschool.

<p>The purpose of the study is to explore how social workers work with youths that seek financial assistance and what importance gender plays in this process. The participants were six female social workers that work with financial assistance. They were interviewed and had to reflect over a case, where the client where either male or female. The results was analyzed and compared in relation to social constructive theory and gender theory. The study shows that social workers work in two parallel processes, when they decide about financial assistance and other help benefits, the formal and the intuitive. In the formal process the social workers don’t give gender any importance in how they reflect about their work and the clients. In the same time way they think differently about male or female clients in a more intuitive manner. The differences that are done can be related to gender stereotypes. The male client is thought of being responsible and active and the female client is viewed as a passive victim. These ideas creates different practices against men and women, where the female would be given psychological aid and the male would be given work related support. These practices reproduces traditional conceptions of both sexes and can therefore create different possibilities for young men and women that contact the social welfare system for financial assistance.</p>

<p>This paper aimed to investigate to what extent there is an age cut-off for teenage boys in the women’s shelters of Sweden and how a possible cut-off is described and maintained. This occurrence has not been investigated earlier to a large extent, which emphasizes the importance of this paper. A mixed strategy was used to cover both the frequency as well as the explanations to the age cut-off. The quantitative survey was sent to all women’s shelters in Sweden and the result showed that 56 % of the shelters had an age cut-off for teenage boys from 12 years of age and above. Qualitative interviews were conducted with six women’s shelters in Stockholm to examine how the notion teenage boys was constructed and used by the respondents to deny them refuge together with their mothers. The teenage boys were described as young men, aggressive and in the same time need of support, which all had the consequence that they could not stay at the shelters with collective housing. The age cut-off was neither discussed nor questioned by the members of the women’s shelters and was upheld by its legitimation. From a social constructive perspective the women’s shelters could be understood as institutionalized.</p>

<p>This is a qualitative study about how young men in the age of 16-18 years can construct their masculinity. How do these young men describe a “real man”? What are their thoughts about themselves as adults? The purpose of this study includes a gender perspective in surroundings that cope with the sport football. To answer this study, six young men in the age of 16-18 years, whom are active football players in different levels, have been interviewed. The findings showed that the young men seemed to construct their masculinity in cooperation with the surroundings and the nearest family members seemed to have a very strong influence of the boy’s development to become a man. The results even indicated that the young men construct their masculinity by distancing themselves from what seems not to be masculine, for example male homosexuals.</p>

<p>The purpose of this paper was to describe how a phenomenon is constructed into being a social problem, by studying articles on honour killing in the Swedish daily press and in the technical journal Socionomen. The main questions were: can different discourses on honour killing be identified, and if so, have they changed over time, and are there differences between the discourses identified in the daily press and in Socionomen? The method used was a qualitative analysis of discourse influenced by Faircloughs Critical Discourse Analysis. The main conclusion was that honour killing has been textually constructed as a social problem in the studied media. There was one main discourse which clearly pointed out groups as bearers and victims of the social problem. This discourse has provided causality to society by indicating culture, religion and ethnicity as the reasons for the honour killing. Adding to this, our interpretation is that there was only a slight difference between how the social problem had been textually constructed in the Swedish daily press and in Socionomen, and that honour killing has been textually constructed as a social problem almost without contribution from social workers.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study was to examine high school students conceptions of young people who run away or get thrown out of their homes. Earlier research shows that this group of young people often come from families were physical, psychological and sexual abuse is reappearing factors. They often face a life of homelessness, drug abuse and prostitution. Still there is little research done about this phenomenon and what kind of help and support these young people could need. This study was done in a qualitative approach with the use of focus groups. The results were analyzed through the theoretical views of socialconstructivism and theorizing childhood and were also compared with earlier research. The results showed that about half of the participants had in some point in their life run away from home. They expressed that they thought that there are many young people who run away or get thrown out of their homes each year and that many of them probably don´t come to the knowledge of the social services. Their thoughts of what risks youths may encounter on the streets accord with results from earlier research. They also think that friends are the most valuable in terms of help and support.</p>

<p>This thesis investigates the preconditions for a new type of migration among the highly skilled between Senegal and the EU, namely <em>circular migration</em>. The three most prominent actors in the shaping of the future migration pattern –the EU (administration), the Senegalese government and the future highly skilled migrants i.e. Senegalese university students –are studied by a combination of <em>social constructivism</em> and <em>critical discourse analysis</em>. The discourses are derived from official EU and Senegalese documents and from a survey as well as from semi-structured interviews with students at the two largest universities in Senegal. The analysis of the discourses shows three factors that point towards a change of the migration practice in favour of circular migration: first, an <em>interdiscursivity</em> between the migration, development and economic growth discourses; second, a <em>resemblance</em> between the three actors discourses on migration; and third, a <em>willingness</em> among all three actors to act for a mobility of knowledge and experience. Consequently, there are preconditions for circular migration between Senegal and the EU.</p>

<p>The aim with this study was to examine how social service statement in 3 § social-judgements LVU (Swedish care of young persons act) produce ideas about gender. We have taken an interest in the production of both boys and girls and their mothers and fathers because there are clear differences in the description of these. From a historical perspective, the differences between gender in social assessments occurred despite the fact that discrimination is prohibited by law and despite the fact that social service shall work on the basis of an gender equality perspective. In the analysis and interpretation of the rulings we have been inspired by a critical discourse analysis. 30 social-judgements have been analyzed where of 15 concerns girls and 15 involve boys.  In our study obvious differences between the sexes appear. Gender stereotypical patterns emerged in several cases, for example social service only mentioned sexuality and adolescent self-harm of girls but in non of the boys cases. As regards the mothers are often criticised and clearly described in the judgments while fathers rarely occur.  </p> / <p>Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka om socialtjänstens yttranden i 3 § LVU-domar (Lagen om vård av unga) producerar föreställningar om kön. Vi har intresserat oss för framställningen av både pojkar, flickor, deras mödrar samt fäder eftersom det förekommer tydliga skillnader i beskrivningen av dessa. Ur ett historiskt perspektiv har skillnader mellan könen i sociala bedömningar alltid förekommit trots att diskriminering är förbjuden enligt lag och trots att socialtjänsten skall arbeta utifrån ett jämställdhetsperspektiv. I tolkningsarbetet av domarna har vi i hög grad inspirerats av kritisk diskursanalys. Domarna var 30 till antalet och berörde 15 flickor och 15 pojkar. I vår undersökning kan tydliga skillnader ses mellan könen. Könsstereotypiska mönster framkommer i flera fall, exempelvis nämner socialtjänsten enbart sexualitet och självskadebeteende hos flickor men inte i något fall hos pojkarna. Vad gäller mödrarna är de ofta kritiserade och tydligt beskrivna i domarna medan fäderna sällan förekommer.</p>

<p>A foundation of our welfare state is that we have a social safety net. This safety net is designed to pick up individuals who are in need of help and support to manage their way of life. This essay regards people who need help with care or people who need help with an addiction. This essay is a qualitative text analysis, which aims to see whether, and if so how, help-seekers are constructed in 40 social service documents within a municipality in central Sweden. We have endeavored to illustrate the power that the written word possesses and which categories of people are constructed depending on the language and content of the social documents. With our theoretical starting point, which was marginalization and social constructivism we want to illustrate the administrators’ choice of content and language in the social service documents. The main result is that help-seekers in the addiction unit have to give more information about themselves. Addiction is a deviate behavior and therefore more information is needed in order for them to be accepted as opposed to help-seekers in the care unit, where information regarding the help-seeker is in relation to the means of the help-seekers needs.</p>