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Om det inte är dyskalkyli - vad är det då? : En multimetodstudie av eleven i matematikproblem ur ett longitudinellt perspektivSjöberg, Gunnar January 2006 (has links)
One of the big problems of the Swedish nine-year compulsory school is the large number of pupils who fail to achieve a satisfactory standard in mathematics. One explanation that has been increasingly considered over the last ten years is that the pupils have dyscalculia. Some research suggests that 6 per cent of compulsory school pupils suffer from this dysfunction, which would in that case make it one of the Swedish school’s greatest teaching problems. The purpose of this thesis is to examine this problem area from two aspects. First of all by examining the concept of dyscalculia by means of a review of the literature from 1992 onwards. The second perspective has as its starting point a case study where the purpose was to give a detailed picture of the pupil with mathematics problems. The latter part of the study was carried out over a six-year period when 200 pupils, 13 of them with particular mathematics problems, were studied in detail. A point of departure for the study was provided by a large database where as much information as possible was collected about pupils from Year 5 of the nine-year compulsory school to Year 2 of the three-year upper secondary school. The pupils were asked to fill in regular questionnaires and classroom observations were made of roughly 100 mathematics lessons, 40 of which were recorded on video. Finally there were in-depth interviews of the 13 pupils on two occasions, the final one being during Year 2 of the upper secondary school. The review of the research showed a series of dubious and indistinct circumstances surrounding the dyscalculia concept, and also ambiguity with regard to the diagnosis of dyscalculia. The conclusion of the review was that the concept of dyscalculia ought at present to be used with great caution, or perhaps not at all. Admittedly the review does not provide grounds for totally dismissing the dyscalculia concept, but as long as it remains impossible to determine the concept unambiguously, and I have not been able to do this in the course of this study, there are no good scientific grounds for using the term dyscalculia in practice. The empirical study shows the complexity of the problem area. Both the causes suggested by the pupils as the origin of the problem and the measures that helped them to obtain their mathematics grades form a complex pattern. The low work input of the pupils during mathematics lessons, an unsettled working environment, large classes, problems of stress and anxiety prior to tests, and obstructive gender patterns are among the causes suggested by the pupils as explanations of the occurrence of the mathematics problems. Good teachers, in other words teachers who can explain, set limits and give encouragement, were a significant factor in reversing the downward trend. Positive experiences of school changes, where the pupil felt that he or she could start again from the beginning, were also mentioned as significant by several pupils. Collaboration with fellow-pupils and the fact that the pupils themselves decided to get to grips with the problems were other important reasons for the change. The prospects of students with specific problems in mathematics nevertheless being able to leave compulsory school with satisfactory grades appear, however, from the results of this study, to be bright. All the pupils left the compulsory school with satisfactory mathematics grades and also completed mathematics studies at upper secondary school, despite major problems in the subject at intermediate school (age 10-13) stage. The study indicates the need for research closer to the actual practical situation and to the importance of emphasizing good examples in practice. As the students themselves emphasize discrete communication between them as significant in the subject of mathematics, this is also an important area for future research.
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Barns inflytande i förskolan : En studie om förskollärares uppfattningar gällande barns inflytande i förskolans rutinsituationer / Children´s influence in preschool : A studie of preschool teacher´s perspective on children´s influence in preschool routine situationsJärvelä, Johanna January 2014 (has links)
The purpose with this degree thesis was to investigate the preschool teacher´s view onchildrens´s influence in preschool routine situations. The target group for this study ispreschool teacher´s that currently are working with children that are 1 – 5 years of age. To manage to answer the aim of this study semi-structured interviews were conducted. I have performed interviews with five preschool teacher´s that currently work in a preschool that is situated in a medium sized city, in the county Värmland, Sweden. The results show that the preschool teacher´s interprets that children are given influence in preschool routine situations, where there are factors influencing if the children is having any influence or not. I found that influence seems to be a very large area, where the preschool teacher´s interprets influence variously.
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IKT verktyg – befrielse eller belastning? : Elever i behov av särskilt stöd och deras uppfattningar om IKT verktyg i lärandet.Lindström, Pia January 2013 (has links)
The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the perceptions that ten 12-15 yearold pupils with special educational need, who had been assigned a personal computer, have about Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the learning process. Data was collected by personal interviews and observations. Sociocultural perspective and phenomenographic research approach were used as theoretical and methodological frameworks in analyzing and understanding the result. The major conclusions were that most respondents perceived the computer as beneficial assistive technology for learning, but some felt singled out by having a computer to assist in learning. Students had various opportunities to succeed in using their tool depending on e.g. knowledge, accessibility and infrastructure around the ICT tool.To identify each pupil’s most successful way of learning with ICT, communication between pupil and teacher were essential.
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Historieundervisning i det multimediala klassrummet : lärares förhållningssätt till olika mediers kvaliteter och användbarhetNorlander, Peter January 2016 (has links)
In Sweden, the subject of history has become more comprehensive and diverse in recent decades. Parallel to this development, a new media landscape has been established, both in society at large and in school. Today there is a wide variety of teaching materials available, such as documentaries, news media, digitalized source material, music, computer games, encyclopedias, popular scientific articles, etc. This raises questions about which types of media history teachers use to teach their subject. The aim of this study is to analyze how teachers approach and relate to the qualities and usability of different media for teaching and learning history in upper secondary school. Semi-structured interviews are used to obtain detailed accounts of how teachers view their media use. Methodologically, the study examines teaching materials in a practice-oriented research tradition, focusing on the perceptions and uses of various media. Media ecology and sociocultural theory serve as the theoretical basis of the study. In brief, these theoretical perspectives claim that media should not be seen as neutral and value-free channels for conveying information, because intermediary media can both form and affect the learning that comes through the use of a certain medium. The concept of affordance is used in order to highlight and analyze how teachers view the effects that various types of media might have on how students understand history. This study shows that history teaching in upper secondary school is conducted in a media-rich environment. Based on the categorizations used, the eleven teachers who participated in this study report that they use a total of eighteen different types of media, and this complements and nuances the image of history teaching as a textbook-driven activity. This study also shows diversity in the teachers’ media repertoires. To explain this variation and to show the considerations underlying teachers’ media use, the term mediation strategies is used. The use of this concept shows that teachers’ perceptions of the usability of various media depend on how they perceive the qualities of these various media, as well as how the teachers relate both to the subject of history and to the pupils. Based on previous research and the results of the present study, it is concluded that it is advisable to advocate an extensive and varied media use when teaching history. Furthermore, it is highlighted that there is a need for a thorough discussion regarding which types of media should be part of history teachers’ media repertoires and what kind of mediation competence history teachers require today.
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Från fiol till vibrafon : Att spela svensk folkmusik på ett för genren främmande instrument / From the violin to the vibraphone : Playing Swedish folk music on a non-traditional instrumentTåhlin, Sofia January 2018 (has links)
Studiens syfte är att undersöka min lärandeprocess när jag på det melodiska slagverksinstrumentet vibrafon studerar in tre folkmusiklåtar på gehör utifrån ljudinspelningar. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien är det sociokulturella perspektivet och den decentrerade mästarläran. Studiens frågeställningar berör tillvägagångssätt, vilka kulturella redskap som används samt hur lärandet visar sig. I resultatet framkommer att många olika materiella och intellektuella redskap används i inlärningsprocessen och att lärandet visar sig genom exempelvis ökat tempo och tillägnande av fler och fler detaljer i musiken. I diskussionen ställs dessa resultat i relation till presenterad litteratur och forskning och aspekter som diskuteras är bland annat hur olika kulturella redskap samspelar och tillsammans främjar lärandet, hur den musikkulturella inramningen sätts utifrån den utövandes tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper samt hur samspel och kommunikation kan visa sig i enskild övning utan tydlig praxisgemenskap. / The purpose of this studie is to analyse my learningprocess when learning three swedish folkmusic tunes by ear on the vibraphone, with the help of audio recordings. The theoretical basis of the studie is the sociocultural theory and a decentered view of master-learning. The issues of the studie has been to examine the ways in which I structure my practice to reach my goals, the use of different cultural tools and how the development can be seen. The result reveals that a lot of different tools, both material and intellectual, are being used in the learningprocess and that the development can be seen in increasing of tempo and appropriation of more and more details in the musical perfomance. In the discussion the results are put in relation to the litterature and theory which has been presented. Some aspects that is discussed is how the use of different cultural tools together can have a positive effect, how a musicians previous experience and knowledge affects the learningprocess and how interaction and communication can be seen in individual practice without a clear social context.
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A fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira em tarefas colaborativasPinho, Isis da Costa January 2009 (has links)
Esta pesquisa busca investigar o papel da fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira, a partir da análise de seu uso por aprendizes adultos engajados em uma tarefa colaborativa. A base teórica norteadora desse estudo consiste em princípios da teoria sociocultural e de sua aplicação na aquisição de segunda língua (SL) e língua estrangeira (LE) conforme Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 20006), Lantolf e Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) e Lee (2008), entre outros. O estudo envolveu a aplicação da tarefa colaborativa "Quebra-cabeça" (de Swain e Lapkin, 2001) a sete duplas de aprendizes adultos de nível iniciante e pré-intermediário de inglês como LE, em um Curso Livre em extensão promovido por uma universidade federal. Nessa tarefa, as duplas deveriam construir uma narrativa, oralmente e por escrito, a partir de uma série de figuras sem ordem pré-determinada. Logo após a tarefa, houve uma entrevista com os participantes a fim de registrar suas percepções quanto à tarefa realizada, seu desempenho, e uso da fala privada. Além disso, aplicou-se um questionário para construir o perfil dos participantes enquanto aprendizes de LE. Uma semana após a tarefa, uma sessão reflexiva foi realizada, na qual as duplas puderam observar a sua produção oral e escrita por meio das gravações e do texto escrito e foram encorajadas a refletirem sobre a língua produzida e a fazerem reformulações. Os diálogos foram gravados em áudio e em vídeo, transcritos e analisados em busca de evidências de fala privada. Pergunta-se qual a natureza e função da fala privada no diálogo colaborativo e quais seus efeitos no processo auto-regulatório dos indivíduos. A análise dos dados sugere que a fala privada mediou a busca por auto-regulação na realização da tarefa, quando a natureza do diálogo foi colaborativa, promovendo ocasiões de aprendizagem. Esse estudo pretende contribuir para a elaboração de intervenções pedagógicas mais eficazes para a aprendizagem de línguas com a testagem de tarefas colaborativas que fomentem o uso da língua como processo e produto da aprendizagem, que se torna relevante para a realização de um evento comunicativo. / This research aims to investigate the role of private speech in English as a foreign language learning, based on the analysis of its use by adult learners engaged in a collaborative task. The theoretical approach this study follows comprises sociocultural theory principles and their application in the second and foreign language acquisition research, according to Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 2006), Lantolf and Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) and Lee (2008), among others. The study involved the production of the collaborative task "jigsaw" (Swain and Lapkin, 2001) by seven dyads of beginner and preintermediate adult English learners, in a private language course promoted by a Brazilian federal university. In this task, the dyads should construct oral and written narratives, based on a series of pictures with no pre-determined order. Soon after the task, an interview was taken with the participants in order to register their perceptions of the task itself, their performance, and the use of private speech. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied to build the participants' profile as English learners. A week after the task, a reflexive section happened, in which the dyads could observe their oral and written production, and they were encouraged to reflect upon the language produced and make reformulations. The dialogues were audio and video recorded, transcribed and analysed in search of private speech evidence. The main research question focus on the nature and function of private speech in the collaborative dialogue and its effects in the learners' self-regulatory process. The data analysis suggests that private speech mediated the search for selfregulation in the task completion, when the nature of the dialogue was collaborative, promoting learning situations. This study intends to contribute to the elaboration of more effective pedagogic interventions for language learning based on collaborative tasks that foster language as a learning process and product.
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Colaboração na produção escrita em segunda língua : uma proposta de revisão por pares para a aula de língua inglesa em uma escola com currículo bilíngueBolzan, Daniele Blos January 2016 (has links)
Pesquisas têm indicado que o diálogo colaborativo poderia ser o lugar onde o uso da língua e a aprendizagem da língua poderiam coocorrer (SWAIN, 1997), tornando-se uma atividade social e cognitiva (SWAIN, 2000). A prática de revisão por pares proporciona a seus participantes um tipo de aprendizagem colaborativa, com foco na escrita, que permite a interação entre os alunos e que os leva à co-construção de conhecimento. Ela tem como objetivo auxiliar no desenvolvimento da autonomia dos aprendizes, levando-os de um estágio de dependência para outros estágios de inter e independência, em um processo contínuo de tomada de controle para a realização de seus objetivos. Unindo seus conhecimentos, os aprendizes, ao trabalharem juntos, alcançam níveis mais elevados de desempenho, através da assistência mútua (OHTA, 2000). Assim, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo propor a prática de revisão por pares de produção escrita a um 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola com currículo bilíngue Português-Inglês do sul do Brasil. Ela visou a analisar a atividade colaborativa em que os participantes se envolveram enquanto estavam engajados na atividade de revisão por pares, destacando os efeitos que essa revisão apresentou nas versões finais dos textos e, para tal, os dados foram analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa. A geração dos dados ocorreu durante o segundo trimestre letivo nas aulas de Inglês Aplicado, em que os alunos produziram individualmente e revisaram colaborativamente cinco textos cada. As propostas para a produção dos textos estavam de acordo com as diretrizes do exame de Cambridge FCE for Schools, que os alunos participantes prestariam no ano seguinte, e envolveram gêneros textuais variados. As expectativas dos aprendizes antes da prática, bem como sua avaliação depois das sessões de revisão foram analisadas Os resultados apontam para a receptividade dos participantes a essa prática pedagógica e para o trabalho colaborativo, e demonstram o otimismo dos aprendizes em relação à possibilidade de melhoria dos seus textos após a revisão do colega. Em relação aos textos produzidos, foi feito o levantamento de quais aspectos linguísticos e textuais foram abordados nas interações através das categorias apresentadas por Storch (2005). Também se buscou investigar se as sugestões dadas pelos revisores foram benéficas para a escrita de uma segunda versão melhor do texto e se as sugestões recebidas foram incorporadas à nova versão do texto. Foi possível observar que, nos Episódios Relacionados à Língua (ERL, SWAIN, 2002), foram discutidos diferentes aspectos linguísticos e estruturais dos textos, focando tanto na forma quanto no conteúdo Os dados sugerem que a maioria dos ERLs foram resolvidos e resolvidos corretamente, impactando positivamente na reescrita dos textos e suportando evidência empírica já existente nesse sentido (NIU, 2009; STORCH, 2001; STORCH e ALDOSARI, 2013). Da mesma forma, a maioria das sugestões foi incorporada pelos escritores quando reescreveram seus textos. Por fim, a interação entre os participantes e os padrões de interação desenvolvidos foram analisados, observando se houve andaimento, negociação, mediação e troca de papéis, e as duplas foram situadas em um continuum, desenvolvido para a análise desses dados, que vai do mais conflitivo para o mais colaborativo. Os resultados apontam que mesmo em pares em que os aprendizes demonstram habilidade linguística semelhante na L2 e não seja possível identificar um indivíduo mais experiente, os participantes foram capazes de oferecer andaimento e engajar-se em negociação e em um processo colaborativo de aprendizagem. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir com professores ao evidenciar que a colaboração entre aprendizes é um caminho para que a aprendizagem de L2 aconteça, mantendo-os motivados, indo ao encontro de seus interesses e desenvolvendo sua autonomia como aprendizes de L2. / Research has shown that collaborative dialogue could be where language use and language learning would co-occur (SWAIN, 1997) becoming a cognitive and social activity (SWAIN, 2000). The peer review practice engages its participants in a collaborative type of learning, focused on writing, which allows the interaction among students and leads them to coconstruct knowledge. Its objective is to help develop learners’ autonomy, taking them from a stage of dependence to others of inter- and independence, in a continuous process of gaining greater control to reach their objectives. When working together, learners achieve greater levels of performance through shared knowledge and mutual assistance (OHTA, 2000). Therefore, this research had the objective of implementing the practice of writing peer review in a Portuguese-English Bilingual school in the South of Brazil with students from the 8th year of Elementary School. It aimed at analyzing the collaborative activity students engaged in while peer reviewing, highlighting the impact the reviews had on the final versions of the texts. For this purpose, the data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data were generated during the second term of a school year in the Applied English class, when students individually wrote and collaboratively reviewed five texts each. The writing tasks were based on the genres tested in the FCE for schools Cambridge proficiency exam, which students would take on the following year. The participants’ expectations before the practice, as well as their evaluation after the peer review sessions were analyzed Results show that participants welcome the opportunity of working collaboratively and show optimism regarding the improvement of their texts. In relation to the written texts, the contents of suggestions approached during interactions were listed and categorized according to Storch (2005). The suggestions were also analyzed regarding their validity and take-up rates were calculated. It was possible to observe that different linguistic aspects and text structure features were discussed in the Language Related Episodes (LRE, SWAIN, 2002) focusing both on form and content. Data suggest that most LREs were resolved and resolved correctly, having a positive impact on the second version of the text, supporting already existing empirical evidence (NIU, 2009; STORCH, 2001; STORCH and ALDOSARI, 2013). Similarly, most suggestions were incorporated by writers when reviewing their texts. Finally, the participants’ interactions and the interaction patterns they presented were analyzed, with the aim of observing if there was scaffolding, negotiation, mediation and changing of roles. Pairs were situated in a continuum developed for data analysis. This continuum goes from the most conflictive to the most collaborative behavior. Results indicate that even when the members of the pair show similar L2 language ability and there is no identifiable expert, participants were able to scaffold and engage in negotiation in a collaborative learning process. This research intends to contribute to the language teaching professionals by showing evidences that peer collaboration is key to L2 language learning, keeping students motivated and developing their autonomy as language learners.
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A fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira em tarefas colaborativasPinho, Isis da Costa January 2009 (has links)
Esta pesquisa busca investigar o papel da fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira, a partir da análise de seu uso por aprendizes adultos engajados em uma tarefa colaborativa. A base teórica norteadora desse estudo consiste em princípios da teoria sociocultural e de sua aplicação na aquisição de segunda língua (SL) e língua estrangeira (LE) conforme Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 20006), Lantolf e Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) e Lee (2008), entre outros. O estudo envolveu a aplicação da tarefa colaborativa "Quebra-cabeça" (de Swain e Lapkin, 2001) a sete duplas de aprendizes adultos de nível iniciante e pré-intermediário de inglês como LE, em um Curso Livre em extensão promovido por uma universidade federal. Nessa tarefa, as duplas deveriam construir uma narrativa, oralmente e por escrito, a partir de uma série de figuras sem ordem pré-determinada. Logo após a tarefa, houve uma entrevista com os participantes a fim de registrar suas percepções quanto à tarefa realizada, seu desempenho, e uso da fala privada. Além disso, aplicou-se um questionário para construir o perfil dos participantes enquanto aprendizes de LE. Uma semana após a tarefa, uma sessão reflexiva foi realizada, na qual as duplas puderam observar a sua produção oral e escrita por meio das gravações e do texto escrito e foram encorajadas a refletirem sobre a língua produzida e a fazerem reformulações. Os diálogos foram gravados em áudio e em vídeo, transcritos e analisados em busca de evidências de fala privada. Pergunta-se qual a natureza e função da fala privada no diálogo colaborativo e quais seus efeitos no processo auto-regulatório dos indivíduos. A análise dos dados sugere que a fala privada mediou a busca por auto-regulação na realização da tarefa, quando a natureza do diálogo foi colaborativa, promovendo ocasiões de aprendizagem. Esse estudo pretende contribuir para a elaboração de intervenções pedagógicas mais eficazes para a aprendizagem de línguas com a testagem de tarefas colaborativas que fomentem o uso da língua como processo e produto da aprendizagem, que se torna relevante para a realização de um evento comunicativo. / This research aims to investigate the role of private speech in English as a foreign language learning, based on the analysis of its use by adult learners engaged in a collaborative task. The theoretical approach this study follows comprises sociocultural theory principles and their application in the second and foreign language acquisition research, according to Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 2006), Lantolf and Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) and Lee (2008), among others. The study involved the production of the collaborative task "jigsaw" (Swain and Lapkin, 2001) by seven dyads of beginner and preintermediate adult English learners, in a private language course promoted by a Brazilian federal university. In this task, the dyads should construct oral and written narratives, based on a series of pictures with no pre-determined order. Soon after the task, an interview was taken with the participants in order to register their perceptions of the task itself, their performance, and the use of private speech. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied to build the participants' profile as English learners. A week after the task, a reflexive section happened, in which the dyads could observe their oral and written production, and they were encouraged to reflect upon the language produced and make reformulations. The dialogues were audio and video recorded, transcribed and analysed in search of private speech evidence. The main research question focus on the nature and function of private speech in the collaborative dialogue and its effects in the learners' self-regulatory process. The data analysis suggests that private speech mediated the search for selfregulation in the task completion, when the nature of the dialogue was collaborative, promoting learning situations. This study intends to contribute to the elaboration of more effective pedagogic interventions for language learning based on collaborative tasks that foster language as a learning process and product.
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Digitalt kompetent? : En studie kring hur bildlärare resonerar kring, och arbetar med, elevers digitala kompetens i bildklassrummet, samt hur elever kan definiera och gestalta digital kompetens / Digitally competent?Kvarnström, Charlotte January 2018 (has links)
Vi lever i ett allt mer digitaliserat samhälle, och digitala verktyg är en naturlig del av människors vardag. Skolverket har inför hösten 2018 ändrat i styrdokumenten för grundskole-, gymnasie- och vuxenutbildningen för att ge elever en större digital kompetens att kunna hantera den nya digitaliseringen. Med anledning av detta har jag velat ta reda på hur bildlärare idag resonerar kring och arbetar med elevernas digitala kompetens. Jag har även velat undersöka elevernas syn på digital kompetens. Frågeställningarna studien sökt svar på är: Hur resonerar fyra olika bildlärare om, och hur arbetar de med, gymnasieelevers digitala kompetens i ämnet bild? Hur kan en grupp gymnasieelever definiera och gestalta digital kompetens? För att få svar på dessa frågeställningar har intervjuer genomförts med fyra olika bildlärare på fyra olika skolor i Stockholmsområdet, och för att fånga elevernas perspektiv har mina egna elever på gymnasiet fått vara med och undersöka genom scenisk gestaltning vad de anser att digital kompetens är för dem och hur de definierar det. De teorier studien lutar sig på innefattar sociokulturell teori och design för lärande. Jag har också inspirerats av Pierre Bourdieus kapitalsteori. Studien visade att lärarna arbetar på olika sätt med elevernas digitala kompetens. De har själva olika grad av kunskaper inom det digitala, och alla lärarna i studien ville gärna kompetensutveckla sig på området. Elevernas kunskaper på området varierade också, men det framgick ett mönster som visade att elever idag är mindre kunniga gällande datorer än tidigare, vilket kunde bero på att de nu alltmer arbetar på telefoner och surfplattor. Det framkom också att det fanns ett visst mått av motstånd till att arbeta digitalt på bildlektionerna, både från lärarhåll och från elevhåll, och att förväntningarna från eleverna ofta låg på att få arbeta analogt med händerna. Vidare visade studien att det informella lärandet är ett tydligt inslag hos både eleverna och lärarna som själva hittar kunskaper via olika kanaler på internet. Elevernas undersökande genom scenisk gestaltning resulterade i ett gestaltat manifest där de proklamerar att digital kompetens är viktigt för dem. Detta framfördes som ett performance under Konstfacks vårutställning den 17 maj 2018.
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Colaboração na produção escrita em segunda língua : uma proposta de revisão por pares para a aula de língua inglesa em uma escola com currículo bilíngueBolzan, Daniele Blos January 2016 (has links)
Pesquisas têm indicado que o diálogo colaborativo poderia ser o lugar onde o uso da língua e a aprendizagem da língua poderiam coocorrer (SWAIN, 1997), tornando-se uma atividade social e cognitiva (SWAIN, 2000). A prática de revisão por pares proporciona a seus participantes um tipo de aprendizagem colaborativa, com foco na escrita, que permite a interação entre os alunos e que os leva à co-construção de conhecimento. Ela tem como objetivo auxiliar no desenvolvimento da autonomia dos aprendizes, levando-os de um estágio de dependência para outros estágios de inter e independência, em um processo contínuo de tomada de controle para a realização de seus objetivos. Unindo seus conhecimentos, os aprendizes, ao trabalharem juntos, alcançam níveis mais elevados de desempenho, através da assistência mútua (OHTA, 2000). Assim, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo propor a prática de revisão por pares de produção escrita a um 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola com currículo bilíngue Português-Inglês do sul do Brasil. Ela visou a analisar a atividade colaborativa em que os participantes se envolveram enquanto estavam engajados na atividade de revisão por pares, destacando os efeitos que essa revisão apresentou nas versões finais dos textos e, para tal, os dados foram analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa. A geração dos dados ocorreu durante o segundo trimestre letivo nas aulas de Inglês Aplicado, em que os alunos produziram individualmente e revisaram colaborativamente cinco textos cada. As propostas para a produção dos textos estavam de acordo com as diretrizes do exame de Cambridge FCE for Schools, que os alunos participantes prestariam no ano seguinte, e envolveram gêneros textuais variados. As expectativas dos aprendizes antes da prática, bem como sua avaliação depois das sessões de revisão foram analisadas Os resultados apontam para a receptividade dos participantes a essa prática pedagógica e para o trabalho colaborativo, e demonstram o otimismo dos aprendizes em relação à possibilidade de melhoria dos seus textos após a revisão do colega. Em relação aos textos produzidos, foi feito o levantamento de quais aspectos linguísticos e textuais foram abordados nas interações através das categorias apresentadas por Storch (2005). Também se buscou investigar se as sugestões dadas pelos revisores foram benéficas para a escrita de uma segunda versão melhor do texto e se as sugestões recebidas foram incorporadas à nova versão do texto. Foi possível observar que, nos Episódios Relacionados à Língua (ERL, SWAIN, 2002), foram discutidos diferentes aspectos linguísticos e estruturais dos textos, focando tanto na forma quanto no conteúdo Os dados sugerem que a maioria dos ERLs foram resolvidos e resolvidos corretamente, impactando positivamente na reescrita dos textos e suportando evidência empírica já existente nesse sentido (NIU, 2009; STORCH, 2001; STORCH e ALDOSARI, 2013). Da mesma forma, a maioria das sugestões foi incorporada pelos escritores quando reescreveram seus textos. Por fim, a interação entre os participantes e os padrões de interação desenvolvidos foram analisados, observando se houve andaimento, negociação, mediação e troca de papéis, e as duplas foram situadas em um continuum, desenvolvido para a análise desses dados, que vai do mais conflitivo para o mais colaborativo. Os resultados apontam que mesmo em pares em que os aprendizes demonstram habilidade linguística semelhante na L2 e não seja possível identificar um indivíduo mais experiente, os participantes foram capazes de oferecer andaimento e engajar-se em negociação e em um processo colaborativo de aprendizagem. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir com professores ao evidenciar que a colaboração entre aprendizes é um caminho para que a aprendizagem de L2 aconteça, mantendo-os motivados, indo ao encontro de seus interesses e desenvolvendo sua autonomia como aprendizes de L2. / Research has shown that collaborative dialogue could be where language use and language learning would co-occur (SWAIN, 1997) becoming a cognitive and social activity (SWAIN, 2000). The peer review practice engages its participants in a collaborative type of learning, focused on writing, which allows the interaction among students and leads them to coconstruct knowledge. Its objective is to help develop learners’ autonomy, taking them from a stage of dependence to others of inter- and independence, in a continuous process of gaining greater control to reach their objectives. When working together, learners achieve greater levels of performance through shared knowledge and mutual assistance (OHTA, 2000). Therefore, this research had the objective of implementing the practice of writing peer review in a Portuguese-English Bilingual school in the South of Brazil with students from the 8th year of Elementary School. It aimed at analyzing the collaborative activity students engaged in while peer reviewing, highlighting the impact the reviews had on the final versions of the texts. For this purpose, the data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data were generated during the second term of a school year in the Applied English class, when students individually wrote and collaboratively reviewed five texts each. The writing tasks were based on the genres tested in the FCE for schools Cambridge proficiency exam, which students would take on the following year. The participants’ expectations before the practice, as well as their evaluation after the peer review sessions were analyzed Results show that participants welcome the opportunity of working collaboratively and show optimism regarding the improvement of their texts. In relation to the written texts, the contents of suggestions approached during interactions were listed and categorized according to Storch (2005). The suggestions were also analyzed regarding their validity and take-up rates were calculated. It was possible to observe that different linguistic aspects and text structure features were discussed in the Language Related Episodes (LRE, SWAIN, 2002) focusing both on form and content. Data suggest that most LREs were resolved and resolved correctly, having a positive impact on the second version of the text, supporting already existing empirical evidence (NIU, 2009; STORCH, 2001; STORCH and ALDOSARI, 2013). Similarly, most suggestions were incorporated by writers when reviewing their texts. Finally, the participants’ interactions and the interaction patterns they presented were analyzed, with the aim of observing if there was scaffolding, negotiation, mediation and changing of roles. Pairs were situated in a continuum developed for data analysis. This continuum goes from the most conflictive to the most collaborative behavior. Results indicate that even when the members of the pair show similar L2 language ability and there is no identifiable expert, participants were able to scaffold and engage in negotiation in a collaborative learning process. This research intends to contribute to the language teaching professionals by showing evidences that peer collaboration is key to L2 language learning, keeping students motivated and developing their autonomy as language learners.
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