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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Barns ”växa vilt” och vuxnas vilja att forma : Formell och informell socialisation i en muslimsk skola / Children as Social Producers and Adults’ Wish to Shape : Formal and Informal Socialisation in a Muslim school

Aretun, Åsa January 2007 (has links)
The aim of the thesis is to examine how children as social beings and actors form themselves within the framework of a school institution that adults have set up in order to shape them in deliberate ways through nurturing education. The study is based on long-term fieldwork in a Muslim faith school in Sweden. Muslim schools have aroused a great deal of debate in Swedish society. Opponents have argued that Muslim schools lead to segregation and social exclusion, that these schools risk not promoting the fundamental values of society and that children in these schools are met by religious propaganda. Advocates of these schools have maintained that in public schools the Muslim identity is eroded by ignorance, lack of understanding and racism. Muslim schools instead offer children knowledge of their culture and religion in a way that enhances their identity and makes them secure and whole human beings who can be integrated into society. The debate reflects that school institutions function as loci for contested forms of socialisation in society; national, ethnic, religious, or the struggle of other groups for cultural production and social reproduction in which they are united in the role and importance attached to the school institution in the shaping of young people. In the debate children appear as passive receivers and products of adults’ upbringing and education, which represents both threat and opportunity. The debate around Muslim schools reflects adult-centred ideas of socialisation, where the adults’ upbringing and education is placed at the centre of the process in which children are formed into social persons. What emerged from this study is that children are social actors who shape themselves and that this shaping is more of an informal social process than a formal education process. The study raises the profile of how the school constitutes an environment in which children are in the majority and adults in the minority; a social environment in which children have significantly more social contact and a greater number of social relations with each other than with adults. The school as a child-centred social environment is reflected in the fact that it is principally children who shape each other rather than adults shaping children. / Hur formas barn i en muslimsk skola? Muslimska skolor har väckt stor debatt i Sverige. Motståndare har uttryckt att dessa skolor leder till segregation, att de riskerar att inte förmedla samhällets värdegrund och att barn där möts av religiös propaganda. Förespråkare har hävdat att i den kommunala skolan bryts barns muslimska identitet sönder av okunskap, oförståelse och rasism mot muslimer. Genom muslimska skolor erbjuds barn istället kunskap om sin kultur och religion vilket stärker deras identitet och gör dem till trygga och hela människor som kan integreras i samhället. Debatten reflekterar hur skolinstitutionen fungerar som lokus för nationella, etniska, religiösa eller andra gruppers ”kamp” om kulturell produktion och social reproduktion i samhället. Den gemensamma nämnaren för förespråkare och motståndare till muslimska skolor är den roll och betydelse som skolinstitutionen tillmäts för att avsiktligt forma den uppväxande generationen. De delar en vuxencentrerad syn på socialisation. Barn framstår som sociala produkter av de normer och värderingar som lärare förmedlar i skolan, vilket utgör både hot och möjlighet. Den här studien problematiserar den vuxencentrerade synen på barns socialisation som kommer till uttryck i debatten kring muslimska skolor. Studien visar att barn är sociala aktörer som formar sig själva och att formning snarare är en informell social process än en lärarstyrd utbildningsprocess. Studien belyser skolan som en vardaglig miljö där barn är i majoritet och vuxna i minoritet; en social miljö där barn har betydligt fler relationer och intensivare umgänge med varandra än med vuxna. Att skolan i social bemärkelse är barncentrerad innebär att det där framförallt är barn som formar varandra än att vuxna formar barn. Studien bygger på ett längre fältarbete bland barn i en mellanstadieklass i en muslimsk friskola.
62

Young children's social organisation of peer interactions

Cobb-Moore, Charlotte January 2008 (has links)
Young children’s peer interactions involve their use of interactional resources to organise, manage and participate in their social worlds. Investigation of children’s employment of interactional resources highlights how children participate in peer interaction and their social orders, providing insight into their active construction and management of their social worlds. Frequently, these interactions are described by adults as ‘play’. The term play is often used to describe children’s activities in early childhood education, and constructed in three main ways: as educative, as enjoyable, and as an activity of children. Play in educational settings is often constructed, and informed by, adult agendas such as learning and is often part of the educational routine. This study shows how children work with a different set of agendas to those routinely ascribed by adults, as they actively engage with local education orders, and use play for their own purposes as they construct their own social orders. By examining children’s peer interactions, and not describing these activities as play, the focus becomes the construction and organisation of their social worlds. In so doing, this study investigates some interactional resources that children draw upon to manage their social orders and organise their peer interactions. This study was conducted within an Australian, non-government elementary school. The participants were children in a preparatory year classroom (children aged 4 – 6 years). Over a one month period, children’s naturally occurring peer interactions within ‘free play’ were video-recorded. Selected video-recorded episodes were transcribed and analysed, using the approaches of ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis. These methodologies focus on everyday, naturalistic data, examining how participants orient to and produce social action. The focus is on the members’ perspectives, that of the children themselves, as they interact. Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis allow for in-depth examination of talk and action, and are used in this study to provide a detailed account of the children’s interactional strategies. Analysis focused on features of children’s situated peer interaction, identifying three interactional resources upon which the children drew as they constructed, maintained, and transformed their social orders. The interactional resources included: justification; category work, in particular the category of mother; and the pretend formulation of place. The children used these interactional resources as a means of managing peer participation within interactions. First, the children used justification to provide reasons for their actions and to support their positions. Justifications built and reinforced individual children’s status, contributing to the social organisation of their peer group. Second, the children negotiated and oriented to categories within the pretend frame of ‘families’. The children’s talk and actions jointly-constructed the mother category as authoritative, enabling the child, within the category of mother, to effectively organise the interaction. Third, pretense was used by the children to negotiate and describe places, thus enabling them to effectively manage peer activity within these places. For a successful formulation of a place as something other than it actually was, the children had to work to produce shared understandings of the place. Examining instances of pretense demonstrated the highly collaborative nature of the children’s peer interactions. The study contributes to sociological understandings of childhood. By analysing situated episodes of children’s peer interaction, this study contributes empirical work to the sociology of childhood and insight into the interactional work of children organising their social worlds. It does this by closely analysing social interactions, as they unfold, among children. This study also makes a methodological contribution, using ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, and membership categorization analysis in conjunction to analyse children’s peer interactions in an early childhood setting. In so doing, the study provides alternative ways for educators to understand children’s interactions. For example, adult educational agendas, such as the educative value of play, can be applied to examine children’s family play, highlighting the learning opportunities provided through pretend role play, or indicating children’s understanding of adult roles. Alternatively, the children’s interaction could be subjected to fine-grained analysis to explicate how children construct shared understandings of the category of mother and use it to organise their interaction. Rather than examining the interaction to discern what children are learning, the interaction is examined with a focus on how children are accomplishing everyday social practices. Close analysis of children’s everyday peer interaction enables the complex interactional work of managing, and participating in, social order within an early childhood setting to be explicated. This offers educators insight into children’s social worlds, described not as play, but as the construction and negotiation of social order.
63

Um estudo sobre as relações étnicorraciais na perspectiva das crianças pequenas

Corrêa, Lajara Janaina Lopes 23 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-28T19:23:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T13:23:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T13:23:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T13:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research aims to analyze ethnic-racial relations among children aged three to six years. The research aims to identify: (i) how small children understand ethnic-racial identification; (Ii) what moment they begin to have a "notion" about racial belonging; (Iii) their impressions on race relations and (iv) how they self-professed. As methodological procedures, we performed field research at a kindergarten institution in Campinas, SP. Different procedures were used to collect the data: interviews with the children, "test" with the dolls, photographic record made by the children, drawings of the children, informal conversations and the conversational wheels. The interviews consisted of conversations with the children about their color and race. In interviews we collected general information about their ages, color / race; We perform the "tests" with the dolls of different shades of colors; We sought to present the children's statements about their color and race, as well as data on the color and race of their relatives. In the research with young children, we intend to verify in school how small children subjectivate, tell and talk about the racial theme. For in the same way that one learns to be a girl or a boy one learns to be black and to be white. It is a real, relational social structure and the children's agency that needs to be diagrammed. These are questions of our doctoral research. The challenge of the research was to dialogue with the children about their color and race. How they build their identification process. We intend to analyze racial relations among young children, seeking to make explicit the perspective of children on racial belonging from a discussion about the concept of children and childhood present in the sociology of childhood. Research becomes relevant to study how children perceive ethnic-racial diversity in everyday life from an early age. We hope that the result of this study will contribute to the deepening of the knowledge of the field of Education about ethnic-racial relations from the perception of the young children. We emphasize that the research is part of the OBEDUC-2013 project of "Municipal Public Policies of Early Childhood Education: Diagnosis and Research". / Esta pesquisa pretende analisar as relações étnicorraciais entre crianças de três a seis anos. A pesquisa tem como objetivos identificar: (i) de que maneira as crianças pequenas compreendem a identificação étnicorracial; (ii) em qual momento começam a ter “noção” sobre o pertencimento racial; (iii) as suas impressões sobre as relações raciais e (iv) como se autodeclaram. Como procedimento metodológico realizou-se a pesquisa de campo em uma instituição de educação infantil na cidade de Campinas (SP). Foram utilizados diferentes procedimentos para a coleta dos dados: entrevista com as crianças, “teste” com as bonecas/os, registro fotográfico realizado pelas crianças, desenhos das crianças, conversas informais e as rodas de conversas. As entrevistas se constituíram em conversas com as crianças sobre sua cor e raça. Nas entrevistas coletamos informações gerais sobre suas idades, cor/raça; realizamos os “testes” com as bonecas/os de diferentes tonalidades; buscamos apresentar as “falas” das crianças sobre sua cor e raça, além de colher dados sobre a cor e raça de seus familiares. Na pesquisa com crianças pequenas verificamos na escola como as crianças pequenas subjetivam, contam e falam sobre a temática racial. Pois, da mesma forma que se aprende a ser menina ou menino se aprende a ser negro e a ser branco. Trata-se de uma estrutura social real, relacional e da agência das crianças que necessita ser diagramada. Estas são questões de nossa pesquisa de doutorado. O desafio da pesquisa foi dialogar com as crianças sobre a sua cor e raça. Como constroem seu processo de identificação. Analisamos as relações raciais entre crianças pequenas, buscando explicitar a perspectiva das crianças sobre o pertencimento racial a partir de discussão sobre conceito de criança e infância presente na sociologia da infância. A pesquisa se torna relevante para estudarmos como as crianças percebem a diversidade étnicorracial no cotidiano desde a tenra idade. Esperamos que o resultado deste estudo contribua para o aprofundamento do conhecimento do campo da Educação sobre as relações étnicorraciais a partir da percepção das crianças pequenas. Destacamos que a pesquisa faz parte do projeto OBEDUC-2013 de “Políticas Públicas Municipais de Educação Infantil: diagnóstico e pesquisa”.
64

A interactividade como fomentadora da ludicidade: tudo fica “típico” quando as crianças brincam na educação infantil / The interactivity as nurturing of playfulness: everything is "typical" when children play in early childhood education

Watanabe, Denise [UNESP] 10 October 2017 (has links)
Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-22T14:17:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-22T18:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-22T18:12:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-22T19:44:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-23T11:57:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-23T12:57:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-23T13:16:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-23T13:34:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-23T17:24:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-23T17:29:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-24T12:05:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-24T12:39:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-24T16:47:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-24T17:31:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-27T11:40:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-27T12:31:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-27T13:03:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Submitted by DENISE WATANABE null (de.wtnb@gmail.com) on 2017-11-27T18:08:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MESTRADO DENISE W..pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO null (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2017-11-28T11:37:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 watanabe_d_me_prud.pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-28T11:37:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 watanabe_d_me_prud.pdf: 2407467 bytes, checksum: 3822deca4bddebdafe1c2c0323ea0276 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa de mestrado, vinculada à linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Infância e Juventude”, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da FCT/UNESP – Campus de Presidente Prudente – SP, assumiu como objeto central de investigação os eixos estruturadores das culturas infantis interactividade e ludicidade. O interesse pela temática emergiu no decorrer de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica (IC) realizada de 2013 a 2015, em uma escola de Educação Infantil situada em um bairro de periferia, localizado em um município do Oeste Paulista. Em consonância com a pesquisa de IC, constatou-se que havia uma carência em compreender e em integrar a interactividade como elemento fomentador da ludicidade. A partir desse fato, fundamentada na Sociologia da Infância, na pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e na metodologia da investigação-ação, buscou-se compreender e aprofundar os conhecimentos de como as relações sociais (interactividade) adulto/criança, criança/adulto e criança/pares infantis se estabeleciam e se efetivavam, tendo em vista fomentar a ludicidade. Como recursos metodológicos utilizaram-se atividades e recursos lúdicos que fossem diversificados e significativos às crianças, como brincadeiras, histórias, fantoches, músicas, brinquedos (cantinhos, emprestados do laboratório CEPELIJ, ou construídos com as crianças, com materiais recicláveis e/ou acessíveis como jornal, cartolina, copinho, barbante, sacola de supermercado, cola, entre outros itens). Para a coleta, a sistematização e a análise dos dados, recorreu-se às observações; as anotações no diário de campo; as fotos; aos diálogos com as crianças e com as professoras. A partir da construção de uma pesquisa realizada com as crianças, do estreitamento dos laços interpessoais, da participação, das expressões e dos relatos infantis no decorrer de toda a pesquisa, ressaltamos a relevância da interactividade como privilegiada fomentadora da ludicidade. Como resultados destacamos a ampliação da cultura lúdica no contexto pesquisado; a (re) significação das crianças nas formas de brincar, de expressar e/ou de imaginar, não se limitando àquilo que era proposto pela pesquisadora, mas indo além; as estratégias criadas por e entre as crianças para adentrar as brincadeiras, para estabelecer e/ou efetivar amizades, ou para superar conflitos e (des) afetos com os pares; as tentativas infantis de transgredir, de negociar ou de burlar normas e regras impostas pelos adultos ou por outras crianças; a transposição de situações reais para o mundo simbólico/imaginário; os relatos e expressões infantis que associavam a “felicidade” (delas ou dos personagens apresentados nas histórias) com o fato de “ter amigos” ou de “ter com quem brincar”; e por fim, no decorrer de toda a pesquisa, o desejo e a solicitação das crianças (participantes da pesquisa em anos anteriores ou de outras seriações, que nunca participaram da pesquisa, mas que sempre observavam) para que as brincadeiras se expandissem e contemplassem também o Ensino Fundamental. Em consonância com a Sociologia da infância, com os eixos estruturadores das culturas infantis e com documentos norteadores que regem a Educação Infantil, concluímos que a interactividade e a ludicidade se complementam, visto que a brincadeira não é inata, mas um elemento cultural, histórico e social que necessita ser ensinado, aprendido e recriado. Portanto, cabem aos adultos (professores, educadores, pesquisadores, diretores, coordenadores, entre outros) pensarem em tempos, em espaços, em recursos, em materiais, em estudos, em práticas e em ações qualitativas, diversificadas e significativas às crianças, de forma a possibilitar, valorizar e ampliar a cultura lúdica nos contextos de Educação Infantil, por meio das interações entre adultos, crianças e pares infantis. / This research, linked to the research line "formative processes, children and youth", the graduate program in education (PPGE) FCT/UNESP-Campus of Presidente Prudente-SP, took over as the central object of investigation the structuring axes of children's cultures interactivity and playfulness. Interest in the theme emerged in the course of a search of scientific initiation (IC) held from 2013 to 2015, in an Infant school situated in a suburban neighborhood, located in a municipality of the West. In line with the IC research, it was found that there was a need to understand and integrate interactivity as spurred playfulness. From that fact, based on the Sociology of childhood, in qualitative research and research-action methodology, we sought to understand and deepen the knowledge of how social relations (interactivity) adult/child, child/adult and child children's/pares if provided and if efetivavam, in order to promote playfulness. Methodological resources used activities and recreational resources that were diverse and meaningful to children, such as games, stories, puppets, music, toys (corners, borrowed from the CEPELIJ lab, or built with the children, with recyclable materials and/or accessible as paper, cardboard, glass, twine, grocery bag, glue, among other items). For the collection, systematization and analysis of the data, the observations was used; the notes in the field journal; the photos; the dialogues with children and teachers. From the construction of a survey conducted with the children, the narrowing of interpersonal ties, of participation, of expressions and of children's reports during all the research, we emphasize the importance of interactivity as the unique Prime playfulness. As a result the expansion of the leisure culture in context searched; the (re) signification of children in forms of play, to express and/or imagine, not limited to what was proposed by the researcher, but going beyond; the strategies created by and among children to enter the games, to establish and/or implement friendships, or to overcome conflicts and (des) affections with peers; children's attempts to transgress, to negotiate or to circumvent rules and rules imposed by adults or by other children; the transposition of real situations to the symbolic/imaginary world; reports and childish expressions that associated the "happiness" (or of the characters presented in the stories) about the fact that "friends" or "have to play"; and finally, in the course of all the research, the desire and the request of children (research participants in previous years or other sequences that never participated in the research, but who have always observed) so that the games expand and also favored teaching Essential. In line with the sociology of childhood, with the crop and structuring axes with guiding documents governing early childhood education, we conclude that the interactivity and playfulness complement each other, since the joke is not innate, but a cultural element, and social history that needs to be taught, learned and recreated. Therefore, the adults (teachers, educators, researchers, directors, coordinators, among others) think in time, in space, in resources, in materials, in studies, in practice and in quality, diverse and significant actions to children, in order to enable, enhance and expand the playful culture in early childhood education contexts, through the interactions between adults, children and infant pairs.
65

Configurações do ofício de aluno: meninos e meninas na escola / Configurations of the student occupation: boys and girls learning how to be a student at elementary school

Fábio Hoffmann Pereira 24 April 2015 (has links)
A pesquisa aqui apresentada é resultado de trabalho de investigação qualitativa que teve como objetivos principais compreender como alunos e alunas configuram seu ofício de aluno, em quais aspectos esta construção é mais simples ou mais complexa e difícil para as crianças, além de discutir em quais aspectos a configuração do ofício de aluno é semelhante ou diferente para meninos e para meninas. Com base principalmente em três eixos teóricos o conceito de configuração, definido por Norbert Elias, os referenciais teóricos e metodológicos fundamentados nos estudos das Relações de Gênero e os referenciais teóricos e metodológicos da Sociologia da Infância o trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido ao longo de um ano, acompanhando uma turma do segundo ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola pública da rede municipal de ensino da Cidade de São Paulo. As análises concentraram-se em três dos aspectos observados: relação da professora da turma e sua organização da aula com os meninos e as meninas, as relações dos alunos e das alunas com o espaço da sala de aula e com os materiais escolares e as relações entre pares. Quanto ao gênero, uma maior competição entre as meninas pareceu levá-las a um esforço maior para cumprir seu ofício de aluno de uma maneira que respondesse à escola como aquele aluno que tem boa compreensão dos conteúdos ensinados. Já os meninos pareciam conseguir equilibrar melhor os aspectos da conversa e da bagunça com a apresentação das tarefas e o aprendizado satisfatório. Os meninos e as meninas percebidas como maus e más alunas também demonstraram peculiaridades interessantes de transgressão e, ao mesmo tempo, de muita consciência de como deve ser um aluno na escola. As conclusões destas análises evidenciam que em nenhum momento as crianças são passivas no aprendizado de seu ofício como aluno, pelo contrário, os três aspectos da análise apresentados mostraram-se imbricados e carregados tanto de reproduções quanto de interpretações ativas das crianças em relação às regras, às rotinas, aos usos de objetos, à amizade, à ajuda mútua, dentre outros aspectos. / The research presented here is the result of a qualitative survey whose main objectives were: to understand how boys and girls perform the occupation of a student, to know in which aspects this construction is simpler and more complex and difficult for children, and to discuss about which aspects the configuring of the student occupation is similar or different for boys and girls. Mainly based on three theoretical axes the concept of configuration, defined by Norbert Elias, the theoretical and methodological framework based on Gender Relations studies and the theoretical and methodological framework of sociology of childhood the fieldwork was developed over one year, surveying a class in the second year of primary education from a public school in the city of São Paulo. The analysis focused on the following three aspects: the relationship between the teacher and the female and male students and her class organization, the relations that boys and girls maintained with the classroom space and school supplies and the relationships among peers. As to gender, a greater competition among girls seemed to lead them to greater efforts to perform their occupation as a student, in a way to respond to the school as a student who has an excellent understanding of the content taught. Regarding the boys, they seemed to get a better balance between chatting and mess and the fulfillment of tasks and satisfactory learning. Boys and girls perceived as bad students also demonstrated interesting peculiarities concerning transgression and, at the same time, they had a lot of awareness on how a student is supposed to behave at school. The conclusions of these analyses show that at no time the children are passive in learning their student occupation, on the contrary, the three aspects of this analysis proved to be intermingled, presenting both reproductions and active interpretations of the children in relation to the rules, the routines, the uses of objects, friendship, mutual aid, among other things.
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A educação infantil no olho do furacão = o movimento político e as contribuições da sociologia da infância / The Brazilian early childhood education into eye of the storm : the political movement and the sociology of childhood contributions

Canavieira, Fabiana Oliveira 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Lucia Goulart de Faria / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Canavieira_FabianaOliveira_M.pdf: 1619332 bytes, checksum: 76c0c8d134c32f77c156dfbf650cc1f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa que surge a partir da realidade da Educação Infantil de São Luís - MA, se desenvolve no "olho do furacão" dos acontecimentos do meio acadêmico e das políticas públicas para a Educação Infantil na contemporaneidade. Fundamentada por um referencial interdisciplinar das Ciências Sociais, aprofunda a partir da revisão de literatura a discussão acerca das infâncias, relacionando os estudos sociais da infância com as escolas sociológicas e problematizando colonialismos e hegemonias epistemológicas. Propõe um diálogo do paradigma teórico-metodológico da Sociologia da Infância com a construção da política nacional de Educação Infantil, através da vasta documentação regulatória elaborada nos governos Lula (2003-2010), refletindo sobre a batalha das idéias entre as diferentes concepções de Educação Infantil, as contradições, avanços e retrocessos inerentes a articulação do movimento social, meio acadêmico e o atual governo, que configuram as disputas desse campo. Para tanto, analisa e problematiza os seguintes documentos: Orientações sobre a Política de Conveniamento, Indicadores de Qualidade na Educação Infantil, Projeto de Cooperação Técnica para construção de Orientação Curricular, Novas Diretrizes Curriculares para Educação Infantil e a Emenda Constitucional sobre a obrigatoriedade de matrícula das crianças de 4 e 5 anos. Os documentos citados, mais pareceres técnicos e acervo bibliográfico, constituem-se em fontes de dados desta pesquisa. As análises apontam para várias tentativas de exclusão das crianças de 0 a 3 anos do âmbito das políticas educacionais e para a possibilidade de nova fragmentação da primeira etapa da Educação Básica, a qual a realidade de São Luís -MA é exemplar. Defendo que a Sociologia da Infância possa fundamentar as discussões e as ações políticas e pedagógicas necessárias para a construção de uma Pedagogia da Educação Infantil crítica e emancipatória, podendo contribuir com a formação docente com saberes e fazeres pedagógicos específicos para as crianças pequenas. Reafirmo a necessidade de se pensar uma Sociologia da Infância "Macunaímica" e enfatizo o objetivo de compreender os processos de construção da Educação Infantil, que garantam, acima de tudo, os direitos das crianças à própria infância. / Abstract: This research arises from the reality of Sao Luis' Early Childhood Education and has been further developed "in the eye of the storm" of the academic events and among the public policies for Childhood Education today. Substantiated by an interdisciplinary social sciences framework, the present work deepens the discussion about childhood, staring from the literature review and linking social studies of childhood to sociological schools and challenging colonialism and epistemological hegemonies. This research proposes a dialogue of theoretical and methodological paradigms of sociology of childhood with the construction of the national education policy for childhood, through the vast regulatory documents produced in the Lula government (2003-2010), analyzing the "battle of ideas" between different conceptions of child's education, contradictions, advances and retreats inherent to social movement articulation and the current government, defining the debate in this field.. For this purpose, it critically analyzes the creation context of the these documents: Conventions Policy Guidances, Quality Indicators of Early Childhood Education, Technical Cooperation Project for Construction of Curriculum Orientation, New Curricular Guidelines for Early Childhood Education and the constitutional amendment about the compulsory enrollment of children between 4 and 5 years. The above cited documents, technical reports and bibliographic references are the data sources of this investigation. The analysis points to several attempts of exclusion of children from 0 to 3 years from educational policy field, and the possibility of further fragmentation of the first stage of basic education, in which the reality of Sao Luis is exemplary. It argues that the sociology of childhood can substantiate discussions and political pedagogical actions, necessary for the construction of emancipatory Early Childhood Education with quality, contribute to the formation of teachers with knowledge and practices specific to very young children. The present work also reaffirms the necessity to rethink a Macunaímica sociology of children and emphasizes the objective of understanding the Early Childhood Education construction process, that can guarantee above all, rights of children to childhood itself. / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Mestre em Educação
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Escola vista pelas crianças: uma análise das representações sociais da escola na voz (vozes) das crianças

Souza, Erenice Jesus de 12 August 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erenice Jesus de Souza.pdf: 1512808 bytes, checksum: 2c0c7ae1b06e5ec19d17d7965ae72406 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / With the advent of Law No. 11.274/06 a new order is established in the structure and operation of Basic Education in Brazil: the school for nine years duration with the inclusion of children six years old. This new reality leads to reflections on the school as a locus of observation of the relationships established therein and challenges researchers from various fields to devote special attention to understanding the child as a subject of rights and full social actor count for much with the reading their looks and voices that can significantly facilitate the improvement of the quality of education as a subjective public right. In this sense, this research aims to contribute reflections about how children perceive the universe of social representations called school, socio-historical situating it as an object to be investigated. Through the research methodology and qualitative approach in education, we selected a group of children enrolled in the first years of elementary education at a public school in the outskirts of São Paulo and use the techniques of semi-structured interviews with small groups and participant observation obtained major centers of thought and identify the significant elements of content analysis. Based on studies conducted by Pierre Bourdieu, Lev Vygotsky, William Corsaro, Sylvia Lane, Serge Moscovici and Laurence Bardin, among others, this reflection implies a concrete analysis of social representations that the individual has the world around him, the child in relation to school, immersed in a speech quite broad, where the gaps, contradictions and ideology could be detected / Com o advento da lei nº 11.274/06 é instituída uma nova ordem na estrutura e funcionamento da Educação Básica no Brasil: o ensino fundamental de nove anos de duração com a inclusão das crianças de seis anos de idade. Esta nova realidade provoca reflexões acerca da escola enquanto lócus de observação das relações que nela se estabelecem e desafia os pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas a dedicarem especial atenção à compreensão da criança enquanto sujeito de direitos e ator social pleno contando, para tanto, com a leitura de seus olhares e vozes que significativamente podem favorecer a melhoria da qualidade da educação enquanto direito público subjetivo. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa visa contribuir com as reflexões acerca do modo como as crianças percebem o universo de representações sociais chamado escola, situando-o sociohistoricamente como objeto a ser investigado. Por meio da metodologia de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa em educação, selecionamos um grupo de crianças matriculadas no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da periferia da Grande São Paulo e de uso das técnicas da entrevista semiestruturada com pequenos grupos e da observação participante obtivemos importantes núcleos de pensamento e identificamos elementos significativos à análise de conteúdo. Fundamentada nos estudos realizados por Pierre Bourdieu, Lev Vygotsky, Willian Corsaro, Silvia Lane, Serge Moscovici e Laurence Bardin, entre outros, a presente reflexão implica numa análise concreta das representações sociais que o indivíduo tem do mundo que o rodeia, ou seja, da criança em relação à escola, inserida num discurso bastante amplo, onde as lacunas, as contradições e a ideologia puderam ser detectadas
68

Educação infantil, espaços de confronto e convívio com as diferenças: análise das interações entre professoras e meninas e meninos que transgridem as fronteiras de gênero / Early childhood education, spaces of confrontation and familiarization with differences: analysis of interactions between teachers and girls and boys who transgress the gender boundaries

Daniela Finco 22 March 2010 (has links)
Esta tese apresenta o resultado de um estudo realizado em uma escola municipal de Educação Infantil da rede municipal de São Paulo (Emei). O objetivo foi observar e interpretar as interações entre professoras e crianças em geral e, especialmente, as crianças que transgridem os padrões de gênero que lhes são impostos, dando significados e estruturando suas experiências sociais. Trata-se de investigação qualitativa, de inspiração etnográfica, que envolveu quatro turmas de crianças de 3 a 6 anos e suas professoras e recorreu aos registros das observações em caderno de campo e às entrevistas realizadas com professoras. Apresenta os construtos e os conhecimentos nos quais as professoras se baseiam, ao lidar com os conflitos relativos às questões de gênero na infância, tais como a explicação das diferenças baseada na Biologia e na Genética e a compreensão da identidade de gênero das crianças como estática e universal. Os resultados apontam para práticas e estratégias de organização dos tempos e dos espaços, caracterizadas por uma disciplina heteronormativa de controle, regulação e normatização dos corpos e dos desejos de meninas e meninos. Destacou-se, nesta forma de organização institucional, uma intencionalidade pedagógica que tem no sexo um importante critério para a organização e para os usos dos tempos e dos espaços. Entretanto, apesar dessas formas de controle, o poder das professoras sobre meninas e meninos não é universal e unilateral, e o processo de socialização não se dá de forma passiva. Meninas e meninos encontram brechas no gerenciamento do dia a dia da pré-escola e criam estratégias inteligentes para alcançar seus desejos. A possibilidade de participar de um coletivo infantil, a capacidade de imaginar e fantasiar, os momentos livres e autônomos de brincadeiras, a sociabilidade e as amizades, os tempos e os espaços com menor controle das pessoas adultas, permitem a criação de diferentes formas de burlar as estruturas propostas e de iniciar sempre um novo movimento de transgressão. A pesquisa revela ainda os espaços da pré-escola como espaços de encontro, confronto e convívio com a diversidade. Nesse contexto, as possibilidades de produção, reprodução e resistência à discriminação de gênero interagem de maneira complexa e colocam-nos muitos desafios. Diante da necessidade do reconhecimento e da valorização das diferenças de gênero, esta investigação aponta para a emergência da inclusão da perspectiva de gênero e de novos direitos das crianças nas políticas públicas de Educação Infantil. / This thesis presents the study of gender in a municipal school of Early Childhood Education (Emei). Conducted in the city of São Paulo, the objective of the study was to analyse the interactions between teachers and children and, in special, observe and interpret the children that, to crossing the line of the patterns imposed on them, transgress the gender limits, giving new meaning and structure to their social practices. This ethnographic research is qualitative, it investigates four groups of children (aged 3 to 6 years) and their teachers; to do this, field records and interviews were used. We investigate the basis of the knowledge used by teachers to deal with conflicts and gender issues in childhood; the explanation of these differences are based on biology, genetics, and in the understanding of children gender identity as static and universal. The results point to existence of practices and strategies, for time and space organization, characterized by a heteronormativity discipline control, regulation and standardization of bodies and desires. This thesis figured out a pedagogic intention in the usage of sex as criteria for time and space control. However, despite the forms of control, the power of the teachers on girls and boys is not universal, neither one-way relationship; the process of socialization does not happen passively. Girls and boys find gaps in the management policy and, smartly, create strategies to achieve their desires and wills. Several factors as, for example, the different possibilities for collective participation in preschool, imagination, the freedom during the play time, easy sociability and desire for friendships, especially in times and spaces with less control of adults, creates a condition to get around the proposed structures, bypassing them, and always starting a new movement into transgression zones. The research also reveals that the preschool is an special place and time for found, facing and living with difference and diversity; the plenty of possibilities of production, reproduction and resistance to gender discrimination interact in a complex way, bringing us many education challenges. This research, aware of the importance of gender issues, claims that is immediately needed to include new rights of children in the public policies for early childhood education.
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Inquietações sobre a infância na obra de Lygia Bojunga

Maracajá, Fernanda Dutra 24 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-06-27T12:13:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadutramaracaja.pdf: 1274198 bytes, checksum: 48321750872ccd474458da9c943d6fa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-06-27T12:25:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadutramaracaja.pdf: 1274198 bytes, checksum: 48321750872ccd474458da9c943d6fa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T12:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadutramaracaja.pdf: 1274198 bytes, checksum: 48321750872ccd474458da9c943d6fa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-24 / Esta dissertação propõe um debruçar teórico sobre algumas questões relativas à literatura infantil, a partir de uma análise da obra A bolsa amarela (1976/2015), de Lygia Bojunga., tomando-se como pano de fundo a teoria psicanalítica, a estética da recepção, a sociologia da infância e as teorias e críticas da literatura infantil. Entre diversos questionamentos, alguns deles foram indispensáveis ao delineamento da presente pesquisa: o que pode ser considerado como "infância"? O que delimita uma literatura dita infantil? Como ocorre o processo de leitura realizado por uma criança? É possível aproximar a leitura criativa ao brincar? A leitura, como o brincar, pode ser considerado um recurso de articulação de significantes que opera, portanto, efeitos no sujeito-leitor? O campo hoje nomeado literatura infantil é de difícil abordagem, tendo em vista que envolve uma série de fatores sociais, culturais, econômicos e políticos. Por isso, busca-se, também, localizar tais impasses para que o tema seja tomado em sua complexidade, sem ser reduzido aos estereótipos que o acompanham, considerando que o lugar atribuído ao leitor-criança interfere na produção cultural voltada para tal público. Além das ferramentas teóricas utilizadas, recorre-se aos livros, da mesma autora, Paisagem (2013), Fazendo Ana Paz (2007a) e Livro - um encontro (2007b), devido ao fato de essas obras exprimirem o seu olhar, de forma criativa, quanto ao processo de leitura, de escrita e a relação entre eles. / This dissertation proposes a theoretical approach on some issues related to children's literature, based on an analysis of Lygia Bojunga's The Yellow Handbook (1976/2015), taking as a background psychoanalytic theory, the aesthetics of reception, the sociology of childhood and the theories and critiques of children's literature. Among several questions, some of them were indispensable to the delineation of the present research: what can be considered as "childhood"? What delimits a so-called children's literature? How does the reading process carried out by a child occur? Is it possible to consider that creative reading has similarities to playing? Can reading, like playing, be considered a resource of articulation of signifiers that operates, therefore, effects on the subject-reader? The field today named children's literature is difficult to approach, considering that it involves social, cultural, economic and political factors. Therefore, it is also sought to locate such impasses so that the theme is taken in its complexity, without being reduced to the stereotypes that accompany it, considering that the place attributed to the child-reader interferes in the cultural production aimed at such a public. In addition to the theoretical tools used, it is used the books of the same author, Paisagem (2013), Fazendo Ana Paz (2007a) and Livro - um encontro (2007b), due to the fact that these works express the author's gaze, in a creative way , on the process of reading, writing and the relation between them.
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Educação infantil popular : possibilidades a partir da Ciranda Infantil do MST / Popular early childhood education : possibilities through the Landless Workers Movement's Ciranda Infantil

Freitas, Fábio Accardo de, 1986- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Lúcia Goulart de Faria / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_FabioAccardode_M.pdf: 1531428 bytes, checksum: a5f7714180acc0c042341f36325120b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central analisar a prática educativa com as crianças Sem Terrinha realizada na Ciranda Infantil do pré-assentamento Elizabeth Teixeira do Movimento de Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), a partir do questionamento se esta pode ser compreendida como uma proposta de Educação Infantil Popular. A pesquisa de mestrado teve como base de análise a participação do pesquisador como educador infantil na Ciranda Infantil do pré-assentamento, no desafio de ser pesquisador e pesquisado ao mesmo tempo, onde sujeito e objeto se encontram, e de problematizar e refletir sobre a prática educativa realizada, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da Sociologia da Infância, Pedagogia da Educação Infantil e da Educação Popular. A análise da prática educativa a partir dos relatos do coletivo de extensão Universidade Popular, utilizados como fonte da pesquisa, foi central no processo de criação de procedimentos metodológicos dialéticos de falar com, para e sobre as crianças que possibilita a inversão do olhar adultocêntrico (ROSEMBERG, 1976) do pesquisador para a recriação de uma prática "criançocêntrica". Os relatos trouxeram o protagonismo das crianças apresentando-as como produtoras de culturas infantis (FERNANDES, 2004; CORSARO, 2011) o que possibilitou observá-las produzindo conhecimento, entre elas e entre elas e as educadoras e educadores, e caracterizar, assim, a Ciranda Infantil como um espaço de produção de culturas infantis. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa preocupou-se em apresentar as condições estruturais (QVORTRUP, 2010) que configuram a experiência de infância das crianças Sem Terrinha naquele pré-assentamento, assim como compreender o formato, a organização e a dinâmica da Ciranda Infantil e a maneira pela qual se constituiu, especificamente, a proposta de educação infantil analisada. A experiência da Ciranda Infantil situa-se dentro da trajetória histórica da Educação Popular brasileira, uma vez que se relaciona com as experiências passadas de Educação Popular apresentadas nesta pesquisa. No entanto, podemos considerar que suas práticas foram reinventadas a partir do contexto, das condições materiais atuais e das especificidades da educação com crianças. Os elementos apresentados nos três capítulos desta dissertação permitiram compreender a Ciranda Infantil do MST como uma proposta de Educação Infantil Popular, pois ela se insere na trajetória da Educação Popular como uma educação vinculada aos interesses da classe trabalhadora no interior da luta de classes; está vinculada a um movimento social organizado que visa a emancipação dos sujeitos e um outro projeto de sociedade; se apresenta como espaço de encontro do coletivo infantil e como espaço de produção de culturas infantis e; reconhece as crianças como sujeitos da história, produtoras de culturas infantis e protagonistas na luta pela terra / Abstract: This dissertation has as a main purpose to analyse the educational practice with "Sem Terrinha" children held in the "Ciranda Infantil" in the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) pre-settlement Elizabeth Teixeira, starting from the questioning if it can be understood as a proposal for Popular Early Childhood Education. This master's research had as a basis of analysis the researcher's participation as a childhood educator in the "Ciranda Infantil" of the pre-settlement, in the challenge of being the researcher and the researched at the same time, in the place of encounter of subject and object, questioning and thinking about the educational practices, having as a starting point the theoretical assumptions of Sociology of Childhood, Early Childhood Education Pedagogy proposaland Popular Education. The analysis of the educational practice from the reports of the university extension group Collective "Popular University", used as sources of research, was essential to the process of creating the dialectical methodological procedures of speaking with, to and about the children, which allows the reversing of the researcher's adult-centric perspective (ROSEMBERG, 1976) in order to recreate a "child-centric" practice. The reports brought up the children's protagonism, presenting them as childhood culture producers (FERNANDES, 2004; CORSARO, 2011), which made it possible to observe them producing knowledgment among them and between them and the educators, and feature, therefore, the "Ciranda Infantil" as a place of childhood culture production. Following this line of thought, the research had the concern of presenting the structural conditions (QVORTRUP, 2010) that shape the childhood experience of the "Sem Terrinha" children in that particular pre-settlement, as well as understand the format, the organization and the dynamics of the "Ciranda Infantil" and the way by which the analysed childhood educational proposal specifically constituted itself. The experience of "Ciranda Infantil" is inserted in the historic path of brazilian Popular Education, since it relates itself with past Popular Education experiences presented here in this research. However, we can acknowledge that it's practices were reinvented up from the context, the present material conditions and the specificities of childhood education. The elements presented in the three chapters of this dissertation permitted understanding the "Ciranda Infantil" of the MST as a Popular Early Childhood Education proposal, for it is placed inside the history of Popular Education as an education attached to the interests of the working class within class struggle; it is attached to an organized social movement that aims at the emancipation of subjects and another society project; presents itself as a place of encounter of the children's collective and as a place of culture production and; recognizes children as subjects of history, childhood culture producers and protagonists in the struggle for land / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Mestre em Educação

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