Orientador: Maria da Luz Rosario de Sousa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T22:41:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_GiseleFerreira_M.pdf: 1068685 bytes, checksum: a6f4412751e7bf69f52c37dd8c78f842 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as condições morfofuncionais do sistema estomatognático e de autopercepção da saúde bucal em idosos usuários de prótese dentária. Fizeram parte do estudo 10 idosos usuários de prótese dentária atendidos no ¿Projeto Envelhecer Sorrindo¿ desenvolvido nod Departamento de Prótese da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo / USP. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do acompanhamento dos idosos durante quatro meses, por meio da aplicação de dois instrumentos; um protocolo de avaliação fonoaudiológica, o qual foi submetido ao processo de validação teórica e o índice GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) para avaliação da autopercepção da saúde bucal. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados da avaliação fonoaudiológica e do índice GOHAI. As condições do sistema estomatognático não melhoraram apenas com a instalação da prótese nova. Nenhum dos idosos avaliados foi capaz de adequar as três funções : mastigação, deglutição e fala após quatro meses de adaptação à prótese nova. A média do GOHAI aumentou de 27.6 para 31.9, da avaliação inicial para a final, qualificando como positiva a autopercepção da saúde bucal após a instalação da prótese. Os resultados evidenciam que a presença do fonoaudiólogo junto ao odontólogo é de grande importância auxiliando o idoso no processo de adaptação à prótese dentária e adequação da musculatura e funções orofaciais. A autopercepção da saúde bucal foi positiva mesmo não sendo satisfatório o resultado obtido com a avaliação fonoaudiológica, enfatizando a necessidade da padronização de um instrumento apropriado para a avaliação fonoaudiológica em pacientes idosos usuários de prótese dentária / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the stomatognathic system, morphofunctional conditions, and oral health self-perception in elderly wearing new dental prosthesis. This study, consisting of ten elderly patients wearing dental prosthesis, was supported by the ¿Envelhecer Sorrindo¿ project developed by the Prosthodontics Department at the Dental School of the University of São Paulo /USP. Data were collected during monitoring sessions for 4 months, using 2 different tools: (a) a Speech and Language evaluation protocol submitted to a theoretical validation process; and (b) GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) used to evaluate the oral health self-perception of the elderly assessed. A descriptive analysis of the data collected with both tools was done. The conditions of the stomatognathic system did not improve completely with the placement of the new prosthesis. None of the elderly could adapt themselves to the three main functions (mastication, swallowing, and speech) four months after prosthesis placement. GOHAI index increased by 27.6 to 31.9, from the initial evaluation to the final one, suggesting the new prostheses were positive in relation to oral health self-concept. The results showed that the presence of a speech and language therapist working together with the dentist is very important to help the elderly during the prosthesis adaptation process and to monitor musculature and orofacial functions. Oral health self-concept was positive although the results obtained with the Speech and Language evaluation were not satisfactory. Further studies are needed to standardise a proper tool to be used during the speech and language evaluation in elderly patients wearing oral prosthesis / Mestrado / Mestre em Gerontologia

The importance of the provision of language support to preschool children is undeniable. Preschool teachers are often part of the immediate (language) learning environment and represent role models for young children. Speech and language therapists on the other hand are educated in the assessment, treatment and prevention of language disorders. When collaborating, the combination of specific language knowledge from the speech and language therapist and knowledge about the child’s everyday routines and interests from the preschool teacher are solid resources for identifying and treating language problems. This present study aims to identify the roles of speech and language therapists and preschool teachers when working in preschools with children on supporting language development and preventing developmental language disorders. A systematic literature review was conducted to address the problem. Eight articles from six countries were identified for analysis. The findings of the current study suggest that both professional groups use evidence-based strategies to support language development when working with children in preschools. This study’s findings support that speech and language therapists rather specifically work on language whereas preschool teachers use a more holistic approach towards children in their group. Speech and language therapists tend to consult preschool teachers in their teaching whereas there was no reporting of the other way around. There were no major differences in roles found in reporting of characteristics of the provided support. In conclusion, role clarification might not sufficiently facilitate collaboration among professionals in preschools because there are other factors influencing collaboration. Besides, differences in local, national and international structures create difficulties when the generalisation of the present results is sought. / Die Bedeutung der Sprachförderung für Vorschulkinder ist unbestreitbar. Erzieher:innen sind oftmals Teil des unmittelbaren (Sprach-)Lernumfeldes und stellen sprachliche Vorbilder für Kinder in ihrer Gruppe dar. Logopäd:innen wiederum sind in der Beurteilung, Behandlung und Prävention von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen ausgebildet. Bei der Zusammenarbeit ist die Kombination aus sprachlichem Fachwissen der Logopäd:innen und das Wissen der Erzieher:innen über die Lebenswelt und Interessen der Kinder eine solide Ressource für die Erkennung und Behandlung von Sprachproblemen.Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, die Rolle von Logopäd:innen und Erzieher:innen bei der Arbeit mit Vorschulkindern zur Förderung der Sprachentwicklung und zur Prävention von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen zu ermitteln. Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde durchgeführt, um dieses Problem anzusprechen, entsprechend wurden acht Artikel aus sechs Ländern für die Analyse ausgewählt. Die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Studie deuten darauf hin, dass beide Berufsgruppen bei der Arbeit mit Vorschulkindern evidenzbasierte Strategien zur Förderung der Sprachentwicklung einsetzen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie belegen, dass Logopäd:innen eher spezifisch an der Sprache arbeiten, während Erzieher:innen einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz für die Kinder in ihrer Gruppe wählen. Logopäd:innen neigen dazu, Erzieher:innen in der Sprachförderung zu beraten, während es keine Berichte über die umgekehrte Beratungssituation gab. Bei den Angaben zu den Merkmalen der geleisteten Unterstützung wurden keine wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen den Rollen festgestellt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Rollenklärung die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Fachkräften in Vorschulen nicht ausreichend erleichtert, da es noch andere Faktoren gibt, die die Zusammenarbeit beeinflussen. Ausserdem erschweren Unterschiede in lokalen, nationalen und internationalen Strukturen die Verallgemeinerung der vorliegenden Ergebnisse.

Magistro darbe analizuojamas informacinių technologijų taikymas Lietuvos logopedų darbe. Apie IKT ir KMP taikymą Lietuvos logopedų darbe nėra daug žinoma, nėra parengta išsamių mokslinių straipsnių ar apžvalgų, kurie nurodytų, kokiomis informacinių technologijų programomis ar priemonėmis naudojamasi logopedų darbe, kokios iš jų vyrauja ir kurios yra efektyviausios dirbant su kalbos, kalbėjimo ir komunikacijos sutrikimų turinčiais asmenimis. Praktinis tyrimo naudingumas – atskleisti informacinių technologijų taikymo realybę logopedų darbe su kalbėjimo ir kalbos sutrikimų turinčiais asmenimis. Palyginti pasiekimus šioje srityje Lietuvoje ir užsienio šalyse. Prieduose pateikiamas internetinių svetainių sąrašas, kur galima rasti logopedinėse pratybose pritaikomų lavinimo užduočių. / Master’s thesis analyzes the informational technologies application in Lithuanian speech and language therapists’ work. The aim of this research - to assess the informational and communication technology (ICTs) and computer-based speech training system (CBST) use at the speech and language therapists work in comprehensive schools who work with persons who have language, speech and communication disorders. The empirical part of the paper deals with the use of ICTs/ CBST at speech and language therapists work, their possibility of usage, the coherence between speech therapists qualification and their age, the usage of the programs for development educable self-dependent tools, speech and language therapists interest in various sources of work-related topics and others. In the questionnaire survey (in electronic form) have participated 258 speech and language therapists who work in comprehensive schools.

Normally swallowing occurs completely without effort. Should the act of swallowing for some reason be impaired, it becomes difficult to eat and drink. Dysphagia is the medical term for eating and swallowing disorders. Dysphagia is common in people with dementia, but the prevalence is not yet fully evaluated. The most common cause of death in people with dementia is aspiration pneumonia, which can be caused by dysphagia. In Sweden investigation and treatment of dysphagia are performed by speech and language pathologists (SLPs) but few of them work with dementia care. This study aims to identify the prevalence of dysphagia in people with dementia, living in a nursing home. The screening methods SSA-S and LtL were used to test the swallowing of 38 participants between 68-96 years of age (M = 86 years). To examine the participants’ oral health the risk assessment tool ROAG was used. When tested with the water swallowing test SSA-S 71,1% of the participants showed signs of aspiration, 36,8% had an oral transit time over 5 seconds, measured with LtL and 92% of the participants had an affected oral health, showing one or more symptoms of severity grade 2 according to ROAG. When adding up the results from the two screening tests a total of 86,8% of the participants showed signs of some kind of swallowing difficulty. Correlation analysis did not show any statistically significant correlations between SSA-S, oral transit time, oral health, or age. The present study found that there is a great need for interventions from speech and language pathologists in people with dementia. / Normalt sker sväljning helt utan ansträngning. Skulle sväljningen av någon anledning inte fungera som den ska, blir det svårt att äta och dricka. Den medicinska termen för ät- och sväljsvårigheter är dysfagi. Dysfagi är vanligt hos personer med demens men det är ännu inte helt kartlagt hur vanligt det är. Hos personer med demens är den vanligaste dödsorsaken aspirationspneumoni, vilket kan orsakas av dysfagi. I Sverige är det logopeder som utreder och behandlar dysfagi men det är få som är verksamma inom demensvården. Den här studien syftar till att kartlägga förekomst av dysfagi hos personer med demenssjukdom boende på ett vård- och omsorgsboende. Med screeningmetoderna SSA-S och LtL genomfördes undersökningar av sväljförmågan hos 38 personer mellan 68-96 års ålder (M = 86 år). För att undersöka deltagarnas munhälsa användes riskbedömningsverktyget ROAG. Av deltagarna fick 71,1 % utslag på vattensväljningstestet SSA-S, 36,8 % hade en oral transporttid över 5 sekunder, mätt med LtL och 92 % av deltagarna hade en nedsatt munhälsa med ett eller flera symptom av grad 2 i munhålan, enligt ROAG. Vid sammanräkning av resultaten från de två screeningtesten uppvisade totalt 86,8 % av deltagarna tecken på någon form av sväljsvårighet. Korrelationsberäkningar visade inga statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan resultat på SSA-S, oral transporttid, munhälsa eller ålder. Studien visar på ett stort behov av logopediska insatser hos gruppen personer med demenssjukdom.

Personer med afasi lider ofta av sina språkliga svårigheter och upplever dem som ett allvarligt problem. När förmågan till effektiv kommunikation genom talat språk inte räcker till kan ett Alternativt och Kompletterande Kommunikationssätt (AKK) behövas. Det möjliggör att personen, förutom med tal, kommunicerar med till exempel bilder, gester eller tecken. Proceduren att välja ett passande AKK är komplicerad och det händer att ett hjälpmedel som inte passar individens behov sätts in av logoped, eller att ett hjälpmedel inte sätts in alls. För att utveckla och förbättra möjligheten att avgöra om och i så fall vilket hjälpmedel som bör användas har Lasker och Garrett utvecklat bedömningsverktyget The Multimodal Communication Screening Test for persons with Aphasia (MCST-A). Denna studies huvudsyfte var att översätta MCST-A till svenska. Studien delades upp i tre delar; 1) översättning och anpassning av MCST-A till svenska, 2) prövning av översättningen på personer utan afasi samt 3) en första testning på personer med måttlig till grav kronisk afasi där deras resultat på MCST-A jämfördes med en skattning av deras förmåga att kommunicera med AKK i vardagen. Översättningen och anpassningen ledde till en fungerande version på svenska. Resultatet från testningen på personer med afasi går i linje med tidigare forskning, där resultatet på MCST-A speglar personers skattade förmåga att kommunicera med AKK i vardagen. MCST-A kan således vara ett användbart instrument för att avgöra om och på vilken nivå ett hjälpmedel kan användas av en person med afasi. Det är dock inte möjligt att dra en generaliserbar slutsats utifrån denna studies resultat då urvalet var begränsat. / Individuals with aphasia often suffer from their language difficulties and experience them as a serious problem. When the ability to communicate effectively through spoken language is insufficient, an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) may be required. This allows the person, in addition to speech, to communicate with for example pictures, gestures or body language. The procedure for choosing a suitable AAC is complicated, sometimes an aid that doesn’t suit the needs of the individual is provided by speech-language pathologists and sometimes an aid isn’t provided at all. In order to develop and improve the ability to determine if and what aids should be used, Garrett and Lasker developed the assessment tool The Multimodal Communication Screening Test for Individuals with Aphasia (MCST-A). The main purpose of this study was to translate MCST-A into Swedish. The study was divided into three parts; 1) translation and adaptation of MCST-A to Swedish, 2) testing the translation on persons without aphasia, and 3) a first test on persons with moderate to severe chronic aphasia, where their results on MCST-A were compared with an estimate of their ability to communicate with AAC in daily life. The translation and adaptation led to a working version in Swedish. The results from the persons with aphasia is in line with previous research, where the results on MCST-A reflects the estimated ability to communicate with AAC in their daily lives. Thus, MCST-A can be a useful tool to determine whether if and on what level aids can be used by a person with aphasia. However, it’s not possible to draw a generalizable conclusion based on the results of this study as the sample was small.