Tyrimo objektas - kaimo moterų konsultavimas verslo klausimais. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti konsultavimo poveikį kaimo moterų verslumui ir parengti kaimo moterų verslumo gerinimo modelį. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) atlikti literatūros šaltinių analizę ir sintezę konsultavimo poveikio kaimo moterų verslumui klausimais; 2) atlikti konsultavimo poveikio kaimo moterų verslumui vertinimo metodų analizę; 3) įvertinti konsultavimo poveikį kaimo moterų verslumui; 4) parengti kaimo moterų verslumo gerinimo modelį ir jo įgyvendinimo priemones. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė ir sintezė; lyginamoji analizė; interviu, ekspertinė ir anketinė apklausa; duomenų sisteminimo ir statistinė duomenų analizė; loginė analizė ir sintezė; grupavimo, grafinio vaizdavimo metodai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikta įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių nuomonė apie konsultavimo ir verslumo sistemą. Antroje magistrinio darbo dalyje pateikiama konsultavimo poveikio kaimo moterų verslumui Lazdijų rajone tyrimo metodika ir instrumentarijus, pristatomi empirinio tyrimo rezultatai. Trečioje dalyje pateikiamos kaimo gyventojų verslumo didinimo galimybės ir pateikiamas integruotas kaimo moterų verslumo didinimo modelis, apjungiantis konsultavimo paslaugų kokybės bei kiekybės vertinimą; numatomos priemonės kaimo moterų verslumui didinti. Sukurtas modelis yra universalus, tinkantis ne tik moterų verslumo didinimui, tačiau ir kitų konsultavimo paslaugų organizavimui. / Object of research – rural women’s consulting business. The aim of the study – assesses the impact of counseling in rural women’s entrepreneurship and prepare model for improving rural women’s entrepreneurship. Objectives: 1) perform an analysis of literary sources and the synthesis of the impact of rural women in consulting for entrepreneurship issues; 2) an advisory effects on rural women’s entrepreneurship in analysis of assessment methods; 3) evaluate the impact of counseling in rural women’s entrepreneurship; 4) Develop a model for the improvement of rural women’s entrepreneurship. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, interviews and expert questionnaire survey, data filing and statistical data analysis, logical analysis and synthesis, clustering, graphic imaging techniques. The first part presents various Lithuanian and foreign scientist opinion on rural development, entrepreneurship and consulting system. In the second part of lay presents the work of advisory effects on rural women’s entrepreneurship in Lazdijai region survey mythology: instrumentation, exploratory characterization. The third section presents the empirical results of the study are summarized and presented in the integrated improvement of rural women’s entrepreneurship model, bringing together advisory services of quality and quantity assessment. Model is universal, suitable not only to increase women’s entrepreneurship. The results of the study... [to full text]

Žemės ūkio subjektų konsultavimas siekia didinti ūkininkų ir kitų kaimo gyventojų gebėjimą įvertinti situaciją ir lūkesčius, suvokti problemų esmę, pasirinkti tinkamą sprendimą dėl ūkio plėtros, investicijų bei dalyvavimo ES struktūrinių fondų paramos programose. Konsultavimo metu žemdirbiams teikiama informacija, galinti padėti nustatyti realią ūkio situaciją, suvokti problemų esmę, pasirinkti tinkamą sprendimą dėl ūkio plėtros, investicijų, dalyvavimo paramos programose, aplinkosaugos, gyvūnų gerovės ir kitų reikalavimų įgyvendinimo. Konsultuojant ugdomi naudos gavėjų įgūdžiai efektyvesnei veiklai vykdyti, konsultacijos padeda laikytis nustatytų ūkininkavimo standartų žemės, maisto ir miškų ūkyje. / Agricultural entities consulting aims to increase farmers and other rural residents the ability to assess a situation and expectations, to understand the essence of the problem, choose the right solution for economic development, investment and participation in EU Structural Funds programs. During counseling, the farmers provide information that may assist with the actual economic situation, the understanding of the essence to choose the right solution for economic development, investment, participation in support programs, the environment, animal welfare and other requirements of the implementation. Counseling beneficiaries trained skills for more effective activities, counseling helps to adhere to the standards of farming land, food and forestry.

The aim of the thesis: to design the model of the consulting process of the preparation of development plans of municipalities and recommendations for the improvement of the advisory process of the preparation of development plans of municipalities. Tasks: 1. To carry out the theoretical analysis of the organisation of the development plan designing process and establish the main problems of practical designing as well as the defects of the organisation of this process; 2. To analyse the theoretical methods of consultation organisation and their place in the preparation of municipal development plans; 3. To carry out the analysis of the advisory process of the preparation of municipal development plans; 4. By employing a questionnaire survey, to find out the opinion of representatives from municipalities on the issues of consultations on the preparation of strategic development plans; 5. On the basis of the theoretical and practical researches, to establish the role of a consultant in the preparation of strategic development plans of municipalities and submit a summarised model of the advisory process concerning the preparation of development plans as well as recommendations for the improvement of this process. Research object of the paper is the advisory process of the preparation of strategic development plans of municipalities. During the process of research, material on the role of consulting in preparing development plans was collected from municipalities and analysed... [to full text]

Why can junior management consultants bill four-digit dollar amounts a day for working with corporations and industries where they have no experience? Why do blue-collar workers organise in industry-specific unions involved in collective wage bargaining, while white-collars organise according to educational or professional background, offering résumé proof-reading, or don’t unionise at all? The doctoral thesis Contract-Theoretic Analyses of Consultants and Trade Unions consists of three self-containing essays in Economics of Organisation. What Do Consultants Do? asks why firms pay large fees to outsiders in core activities like management. Standard explanations that see the consultant only as an expert fail to rationalize several industry phenomena. This paper instead focuses on the consultant’s role as a truth-teller in governance. The model finds a trade-off between being an expert and being a truth-teller, and that branding is more important for the latter category. Furthermore, there are natural barriers to entry among truth-tellers, which helps explain the high fees of the most well-renowned players. The Nature of Management Consulting evaluates the theoretical results in the previous chapter. Using market data from Sweden, the study finds that the upward price effect associated with a global brand is smaller for consultants with a broad range of services than for those with a narrow focus. This is hard to reconcile with the expertise explanations, but is consistent with the truth-telling theory. Interviews with experienced management consultants support this interpretation and several other predictions from the truth-telling theory. A Guild Theory of the Trade Union is an independent essay, developing a model where unions, like pre-industrialisation guilds, strike a balance between strengthening the bargaining position and fostering human capital. It links the organisational form of unions to investments in human capital and bargaining power. The predictions resemble evidence from the Nordic labour market. Groups with white-collar characteristics will be more prone to form profession-specific unions and advocate individual bargaining than blue-collar groups. Furthermore, there is path dependency in union formation, which fits the international pattern of unionisation rates. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2007 S. 3-15: sammanfattning, s. 19-123: 3 uppsatser</p>

常春藤創意學院 / Ivy Creativity Institute (ICI) is designed for children from 2 to 6 years-old before they attend elementary school. ICI provides many classes for parents and children to take during the week and weekend depending on their schedule and need. We offer indoor activities and outdoor activities such that parents and children can pick the subjects is more interesting to them to spend their wonderful days together. Our classes are creative for parents and children that they won’t see in the traditional pre-school or private learning center. Each class has its own credits so parents can just purchase credit money and register for classes they want to join. ICI also provides children education consulting service so we can observe based on children’s interests and designs a series of classes for them to attend and enjoy all the activities. Ivy Creativity Institute helps you and your children to win at the beginning not only in scholarship, but also in relationship and have a great time in parenting.

Einleitung: Für Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen wird eine interdisziplinäre Versorgung gefordert. In der Praxis arbeiten Spezialdisziplinen jedoch häufig nebeneinander, ohne dass es zu fallbezogener Zusammenarbeit kommt. Unsere Studie zeigt, wie sich der Übergang vom psychosomatischen Konsil- zum Liaisonsystem und die Vernetzung mit einer Psychosomatischen Fachklinik sowie krankengymnastischen Praxen auf Diagnostik und Therapie in einer interdisziplinären Schmerzambulanz auswirkt. Patienten und Methoden: In einer retrospektiven Erhebung wurden alle innerhalb von 6 Monaten vor (N = 165) und nach (N = 277) dem Übergang vom Konsil- zum Liaisonsystem in der Schmerzambulanz gesehenen Patienten erfasst. Aus den Krankenakten wurden medizinische Diagnosen, anästhesistische Therapie, Indikation zum psychotherapeutischen Erstgespräch (Depressivität, somatische Beschwerden) und dessen Ergebnis erhoben. Patienten, bei denen ein psychotherapeutisches Erstgespräch vorgesehen war (N = 94), wurden schriftlich und telefonisch nachbefragt. Ergebnisse: Im Liaisonsystem wurde signifikant häufiger als im Konsildienst psychotherapeutische Diagnostik angefordert (25,6% vs. 13,9%) und durchgeführt (63,3% vs. 30,4%). Der Anteil interdisziplinär betreuter Patienten stieg von 4,2% auf 16,2%. Der Anteil an Patienten, die eine empfohlene Psychotherapie durchführten, blieb mit über 80% konstant hoch. Häufigste indizierte Therapieform war die Verhaltenstherapie (72,7%), häufig kombiniert mit einem körpertherapeutischen Verfahren (32,7%). Von den Therapien wurden 66,8% ambulant, 16,6% stationär und 16,6% als ambulant/ stationäre Kombination durchgeführt. Schlussfolgerung: Im Liaisonsystem wurden signifikant mehr Patienten interdisziplinär betreut als im Konsilsystem. Die gleichbleibend hohe Akzeptanz der vorgeschlagenen Psychotherapie zeigt, dass Patienten die einer Psychotherapie zunächst ambivalent oder ablehnend gegenüberstehen, dazu motiviert werden können. Die enge Kooperation verschiedener Versorgungsstrukturen führte zu einem hohen Anteil interdisziplinär und methodenübergreifend durchgeführter Behandlungen. / Introduction: The effectiveness of multidisciplinary treatment of chronic pain with an emphasis on a cognitive behavioural approach is clearly shown by randomised controlled trials. However, it is difficult to motivate patients with chronic pain for this type of treatment. We compared the effectiveness of a consultation model and a liaison model of co-operation between an outpatient pain clinic and a psychosomatic department in creating motivation for psychotherapy. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective design we collected data of all patients seen in the pain clinic during 6 months before (N = 165) and 6 months after (N = 277) changing from a consultation to a liaison model. Clinical data were documented by the Multiaxial Pain Classification (MPC). Level of depression was assessed by Depression-Scale (DS), somatic complaints by list of complaints (BL). Results: In the liaison model diagnostic sessions with the consulting psychotherapist were significantly more often recommended by physicians in the pain clinic (25,6% vs. 13,9%) and accepted by patients (63,3% vs. 30,4%) compared to the consultation model. In either system 80% of the patients accepted the recommended psychotherapy. After changing to the liaison type of co-operation, there was a significant decrease in prescription of opioid and benzodiazepine drugs. Conclusion: The liaison model of co-operation was significantly more effective in enhancing physician’s and patient’s motivation for a psychosomatic approach in the management of chronic pain. Psychotherapy is better accepted by patients suffering from chronic pain if it is offered in a multidisciplinary context and in the familiar surroundings of the pain clinic. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

The focus of this study was the unconscious dynamics in the consultant-client relationship as industrial and organisational psychologists seek to achieve change in client organisational systems. Twelve psychodynamic themes were used to interpret a journal maintained by the consultant throughout one consulting assignment, in an effort to understand the unconscious processes influencing the effectiveness of the consulting relationship. Analysis found that the client system imported the consultant to carry nurturing and healing on behalf of the system, but projected onto and into him the confusion, pain, hostility and incompetence in the system, stripped him of authority and manipulated him out of his role as change agent. The consultant unconsciously accepted the projections, failed to contain the system&#8217;s anxiety, gravitated towards the paranoid-schizoid position and was unable to effect meaningful change. Recommendations where made for the use of this form of psychodynamic analysis as a self-evaluative tool in the consulting context. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A.

Text in Afrikaans / This research dealt with the contribution of psychodynamic group interventions to organisational development (OD). The research consists of a qualitative investigation and was based on a case-study design with the use of multiple cases. Three different cases were presented, namely where a psychodynamic group intervention was used together with another intervention, where obstacles in a group were to be solved and as an in-house working conference. Random sampling was also done within the cases. Three interventions were done, data was gathered and analysed by means of content analysis, and the results were reported. It was found in all three cases that a unique contribution was made. Regarding the first case, the intervention was the beginning of a process of change whereby the participants were enabled to develop their identity as a group, from a family business to a company. Participants became aware of underlying conflict, started to own their roles in it, and to take responsibility for addressing the dynamics themselves. In the context in which the intervention was used, the contribution was, however, restricted because its value was only experienced after the intervention. Regarding the second case, the obstacles influencing the functioning of the team were addressed efficiently after the intervention. Participants were authorised to manage their boundaries more efficiently and to address role differentiation, leading to more open communication and a better work climate. Regarding the third case, it was found suitable especially for learning diagnostic competencies from a psychodynamic paradigm. Learning occurred on a personal level resulted in the ability of participants to identify dynamics in their organisation and to present similar interventions in their work place. Recommendations were made for the use of psychodynamic group interventions from a qualitative paradigm, as well as regarding the necessary competencies and a training programme for presenting psychodynamic group interventions. / Hierdie navorsing hande! oor die bydrae van psigodinamiese groepintervensies tot organisasie-ontwikkeiing (00). Die behoefte om onbewuste dinamika in organisasies aan te spreek, hettot hierdie navorsing aanleiding gegee. Die navorsing is in die vorm van 'n kwalitatiewe ondersoek en is gebaseer op 'n gevallestudie-navorsingsontwerp waarin daar van meervoudige gevalle gebruik gemaak is. Drieverskillendegevalleisaangebied, naamlikwaar'n psigodinamiese groepintervensie saam met 'n ander intervensie gebruik is, waar blokkasies in 'n groep opgelos moes word en as 'n in-huise werkskonferensie. Daar is ook van ewekansige steekproefneming binne elke geval gebruik gemaak. Drie intervensies is uitgevoer, data is ingesamel en deur middel van inhoudsontleding ontleed. Daar is bevind dat al drie gevaiie 'n unieke bydrae gelewer het. Ten opsigte van die eerste geval was die intervensie die begin van 'n veranderingsproses waardeur die deelnemers in staat gestel is om vanuit 'n familiebesigheid hu! identiteit as 'n maatskappy te ontwikkel. Deelnemers het bewus geword van onderliggende konflik, begin om hulle rolle daarin te eien, en verantwoordelikheid te aanvaar om die dinamika self aan te spreek. In die konteks waarin die intervensie gebruik was, was die bydrae egter beperk omdat die waarde daarvan eers na afloop van die intervensie ervaar is. Ten opsigte van die tweede geval is die blokkasie wat die funksionering van die span bei'nvloed het na afloop van die intervensie doeltreffend aangespreek. Deelnemers is bemagtig om hul grense meer doeltreffend te bestuur en roldifferensiasie aan te spreek, wat tot meer openlike kommunikasie en 'n beter werksklimaat aanleiding gegee het. Ten opsigte van die derde geval is bevind dat dit veral geskik was vir die aanleer van diagnostiesebevoegdhedevanuit'n psigodinamiese paradigma.Leerwatoppersoonlike vlak plaasgevind het, het tot gevolg gehad dat deelnemers in staatwas om die dinamika in hul organisasie te identifiseeren om self soortgelyke intervensies in hul werkplek aan te bied. Aanbevelings virdiegebruikvanpsigodinamiesegroepintervensiesvanuit'nkwaiitatiewe benadering tot 0 0 is gemaak, sowel as aanbevelings oordie noodsaaklike bevoegdhede en 'n opleidingsprogram vir die aanbied van psigodinamiese groepintervensies deur bedryfsielkundiges. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D.Admin. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Riskhantering i projektbaserade organisationer - En jämförelse av svenska teknikkonsultföretag På 2000-talet har behovet av, och intresset för, riskhantering ökat. Riskerna ökar i projekt och inhyrda konsulter blir vanligare i teknikbranschen. Riskhanteringen blir unik i varje enskilt projekt, varför nya utmaningar kommer med varje nytt projekt. Det gör att det blir viktigt för teknikkonsulter att kunna hantera risker på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra hur riskhantering skiljer sig mellan projektbaserade teknikkonsultföretag baserat på deras definition av risk. Hur skiljer sig riskhanteringen mellan stora teknikkonsultföretag? Risk kan definieras som positiv och negativ eller som enbart negativ. Utifrån tidigare studier har organisationens definition av risk, ledningens involvering i riskhantering och organisationens integrering av riskhantering identifierats som variabler för studiens analytiska ramverk. Denna kvalitativa studie är uppbyggd på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra personer från ledningsgrupper i teknikkonsultföretag för att jämföra likheter och skillnader i deras arbete. Hur en organisation definierar risk är inte avgörande för hur organisationens riskhantering ser ut. Inte heller påverkar det arbetet med hot och möjligheter. Att en organisation har en genomtänkt definition av risk hänger däremot nära samman med att organisationen har en genomtänkt riskhantering.

EU:s revisionspaket begränsar kraftigt revisorernas möjlighet att tillhandahålla non-audit services (NAS) gentemot företag av allmänt intresse. Revisorer på små och medelstora revisionsbyråer påverkas dock inte av reglerna, varför det är intressant att studera hur dessa hanterar vilka tjänster man ska tillhandahålla och hur det påverkar revisorns roll.   Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur revisorn, på små och medelstora revisionsbyråer, hanterar olika rådgivningstjänster och det relaterade oberoendehotet i sin roll som konsult, som ett led i att försöka erhålla en förståelse för hur revisorn uppfattar växlingen mellan sin roll som revisor och den allt mer förestående konsultrollen. Studien baseras på kvalitativ forskning, för att försöka förstå och tolka revisorns upplevelser, varför intervjuer genomförts med sex kvalificerade revisorer.    Studiens huvudsakliga slutsatser är att revisorerna har svårt att definiera vilka tjänster som är revisionsnära och vilka som är av mer fristående karaktär. Revisorn måste tillhandahålla rådgivning för att upprätthålla revisionen, varför rådgivningstjänsterna kan betraktas som en integrerad del av revisorns tjänster. Revisorn tvingas i viss mån att växla mellan sin roll som revisor och konsult, till följd av att klienterna har höga förväntningar på rådgivning, medan revisionens övriga intressenter förväntar sig att klientföretagen kontrolleras genom en oberoende granskning. I slutändan anser respondenterna ändå sig vara revisorer även i utförandet av konsulttjänster. / The audit rules adopted by the EU strongly limit the auditors’ ability to provide non-audit services (NAS) to audit clients of public interest. Auditors in small and medium-sized audit firms are not affected by those rules. Therefore, it is interesting to study how they handle which services to provide and how it affects the auditor's role.   The purpose of the study is to investigate how auditors of small and medium-sized audit firms manage various advisory services and the related threat to independence in the role of consultant. Consequently, the study also seeks to gain an understanding of how the auditors perceive the issue of having to shift between the role as auditor and the increasingly imminent role as consultant. The study is based on qualitative research, in order to understand and interpret the auditor's experiences, which is why interviews were conducted with six auditors.   The main conclusions of the study are that the auditors have difficulty defining which services are audit-related and which are less audit-related. The auditor must provide advice to maintain the audit. Advisory services can therefore be regarded as an integral part of the auditor's services. The auditor is forced to shift between the roles of auditor and consultant, as a result of the clients’ high expectations for advisory services. This is in contradiction with the audit's other stakeholders’ expectations for the companies to be checked through an independent examination. However, the respondents still consider themselves to be auditors even in the performance of consulting services.