The aim of this study is to examine how the problem of ‘men's violence against women’ is represented and defined within the framework of parliamentary work in Sweden. With a poststructural approach the method of choice is a discourse analysis, in particular Carol Bacchi´s approach ’What´s the problem represented to be?’. The fundamental idea of this method is that the suggested solution to a problem indicates what one thinks needs to change, and thereby what the ‘problem’ is. In accordance with this method, we have analyzed eleven political documents (motions) which underlie further legalization and decision making, authoredbetween 2017-2022. All the selected political documents include solutions to the problem of men’s violence against women, domestic violence and/or honor related violence. Previous research has shown that the political debate has a significant impact on how a phenomenon is understood. Therefore, each epoch has a certain way of representing and defining a problem. In this study, four problem representations were identified: ‘lack of support’, ‘the legal system’,‘lack of knowledge’ and ‘social norms’. Together these themes represent how contemporary society comprehends the problem of men's violence against women. Acknowledging this is ofimportance because the problem representation provides a framework of action – for society, as well as the individual.

The financial industry is and have been going through a transformation due to digitalisation and globalization, recently breaching the long unaffected investment banking sector. Together with the implementation of the MiFID II regulation, which has been a catalyst for investment banks, this has led to increasing competition in the sector.  Evidence suggests, through a cross-discipline consensus, that the traditional comprehension of competitive advantage is no longer sufficient, and that innovation is instead a key strategic issue in order to sustain a competitive position and to potentially strengthen it during change.  This study empirically investigates how investment banks can utilize a job-centric approach to innovation based on causality, i.e. the cause and effect mechanisms that cause customers to make the choices they do in given circumstances. The empirical data consists of interviews with existing and prospective clients to the case-company with regards to the service of commissioned research. A theoretical framework based on the literature is created and used to analyse the qualitative empirical data.  The findings of this thesis suggest that investment banks indeed can develop their services by incorporating a job centric approach in order to stay competitive during an industrial transformation. The passive data obtained as a result of the analysis can be utilized for development and innovation purposes. To competently use the results requires an adaptation to a certain culture of innovative thinking, one that focuses on the job to be done rather than internal processes. / Finansbranschen har genomgått en omvandling på grund av digitalisering och globalisering, som nyligen nått den länge opåverkade investment bank-sektorn som tillsammans med implementationen av MiFID II, som har varit en katalysator för investment banker, har lett till ökad konkurrens inom sektorn.  Bevis antyder, genom vetenskapligt samförstånd, att den traditionella förståelsen av konkurrensfördel inte längre är tillräcklig, och att innovation istället är en nyckelstrategisk fråga för att upprätthålla en konkurrenskraftig position och potentiellt stärka den i förändringstider.  Denna studie undersöker empiriskt hur investeringsbanker kan använda ett jobbcentriskt synsätt på innovation baserat på kausalitet, dvs de orsaks- och effektmekanismerna som får kunderna att göra de val de gör under givna omständigheter. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer med befintliga och potentiella kunder till uppdragsgivaren beträffande tjänsten uppdragsanalys. Ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på litteraturen skapas och används för att analysera de kvalitativa empiriska uppgifterna.  Resultatet av denna studie tyder på att investeringsbanker verkligen kan utveckla sina tjänster genom att integrera en jobbcentrisk strategi för att förbli konkurrenskraftig under en industriell omvandling. Den passiva data som erhållits som ett resultat av analysen kan användas för utvecklings- och innovationsändamål. Att kompetent använda resultaten är dock beroende av att anta en viss kultur för innovativt tänkande, en som fokuserar på jobbet som ska göras snarare än interna processer.

GDPR och dess intåg på den europeiska marknaden år 2018 var ett stort ämne för diskussion för företag som i någon mån hanterar personuppgifter. När privatpersoner nu har tillgång till mer makt i frågan så ställer det krav på företag att uppfylla dem. Ett tydligt exempel på detta är rätten att bli bortglömd. För att fullt ut möta detta krav så innebär det att företag fått ta ställning till vad man gör med sina säkerhetskopior. Dessa är utmanande eftersom syftet med dem är att vara intakta kopior av information, och inte avsedda för att redigeras. De tekniska metoder som finns föreslagna är oftast svåra att avgöra huruvida de tillåter full efterlevnad. I denna studie har fyra svenska företag intervjuats, där de fått berätta om hur de hanterat omställningen från Personuppgiftslagen till GDPR, hur deras rutiner ser ut och hur det i praktiken har fungerat att möta kraven i och med rätten att bli bortglömd när det kommer till deras säkerhetskopior. / GDPR and its entry to the European market in the year of 2018 was a major point of discussion for companies which to some extent handles personal data. Now that private persons have access to more power in the area, more demands are put on companies to comply. A clear example of this is the right to be forgotten. To fully comply with these demands, companies have had to consider what to do with their backups. These are challenging, as the purpose for them is to be intact copies of information, and not intended for editing. The technical measures that are proposed are most often difficult to determine whether they allow for full compliance. In this study, four Swedish companies are interviewed, where they have told about how they have handled the transition from Personuppgiftslagen to GDPR, what their routines look like, and how their compliance in practice has worked out with the right to be forgotten considering their backups.

[pt] Este estudo, destinado ao ensino de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E), visa à descrição e à sistematização dos usos dos verbos ser e estar articulados a sintagma nominal, sintagma adjetival e sintagma preposicional com base no corpus que compreende 7 episódios da primeira temporada do programa Os Normais, exibida pela Rede Globo de Televisão, no ano de 2001. A análise, orientada por pressupostos funcionalistas, procura evidenciar as condições semântico-sintáticas e sociocognitivas (contextuais) que determinam a seleção entre ser e estar, assumindo como pressuposto básico o caráter significativo e multifuncional dessas formas. Assim, mostramos que os referidos verbos tomam parte na construção do significado das orações em que figuram e que desempenham funções discursivas. Nossa análise permite-nos concluir que são três as ordens de fatores nas quais se baseia a seleção entre ser e estar: a estruturação semântico-sintática da oração; o conjunto de pressupostos que constituem os contextos socicognitivos dos interlocutores; e as funções discursivas a que servem esses verbos. / [en] This study, to be used in the teaching of Portuguese as a Second Language for Foreigners (PSLF), aims at the description and systematization of the uses of the verbs ser and estar connected to a nominal syntagm, to an adjectival syntagm and to a prepositional syntagm. The corpus include 7 episodes of the first season of the sitcom Os Normais, exhibited by the Rede Globo TV Network, in 2001. The analysis, carried out based on funcionalist principles, sought to show the semantic-syntatic and sociocognitive conditions (contextual) that determine the selection between ser and estar, adopting as assumption the meaningful and multifunctional nature from these forms. Therefore, we show that the above-mentioned verbs take part in the construction of the meaning of clauses wherein they occur and that they perform discourse functions. Our analysis enable us to conclude that there are three the types of factors in which the choise between ser and estar is based: the semantic-syntatic structure of the clause; the set of assumptions that constitute the sociocognitve contexts of the speakers; and the discursive functions that these verbs serve.

Scarce community mental health resources have led to people in crisis (PIC) overusing the emergency department (ED) and encountering police more frequently. To divert PIC from the ED and criminal justice system, and support them in their community, police services have implemented crisis response teams (CRTs). CRTs refer to police, health and mental health crisis response. Evidence of CRTs’ effectiveness in achieving their desired outcomes is limited, mixed, and/or anecdotal. I completed three studies using various theoretical and methodological approaches, which included: (a) a critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) of the conditions under which CRTs are formed, their features, and their outcomes; (b) a policy analysis using a case study design to examine how and why a CRT model was adopted in Hamilton, Canada; and (c) a what’s the problem represented to be (WPR) critical policy analysis of why police are implicated in crisis response. The CIS presents a conceptual framework depicting how unresolved structural conditions produce system- and individual-level challenges. Second, the case study examines the mobile crisis rapid response team (MCRRT) development in Hamilton. The analysis shows that initiatives that incrementally expand on the boundaries of existing programs are likely to be adopted. Third, drawing on WPR, we excavate problem representations within policy and policy-related texts to understand why police-based CRTs are expanded in Ontario. When mental health is framed in terms of safety and implicated within discourses about risk and danger police intervention is legitimized. Collectively, these studies provide a theoretical framework connecting structural, system, and individual factors most relevant to CRTs; demonstrate that an incremental approach to CRT adoption did not disrupt existing system arrangements; and problematizations within government policies that legitimize police in mental health crisis response. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Since deinstitutionalization, during which mental health patients were discharged into the community, this population has had more frequent encounters with police, contributing to criminalization and tragedies. They have also increasingly sought mental health crisis support in emergency departments. Police, health, and mental health crisis response teams (CRTs) have been implemented as an alternative response to people with mental health issues who are in crisis. To date, CRTs have been widely implemented but with little, mixed, and/or anecdotal evidence demonstrating their effectiveness. This dissertation contextualizes information about CRTs by presenting (a) a conceptual framework on CRTs, outlining the structural, system, and individual conditions under which CRTs are formed, their features, and outcomes; (b) a case study that examined under what conditions a CRT was developed and implemented in Hamilton, Canada; and (c) a critical discourse analysis of CRTs.

This thesis analyses the making of gender mainstreaming in regional development politics. Because of that gender mainstreaming can be filled with any meaning it has been of interest to study how gender mainstreaming in regional development policy is made. This is also especially interesting since gender mainstreaming is criticized in previous research of the tool. With Carol Bacchis methodological framework, “what’s the problem represented to be?” governing through problematization is analyzed. Specifically, the regional development politics problem representation of gender equality and gender mainstreaming and it effects are analyzed. The result of this analysis shows that gender equality and gender mainstreaming is made to be something that the regions simply can download to its own organization. The thing that stands between the region and a successful download is simply knowledge. What I find is that this discourse is limiting to gender mainstreaming as a tool and for the regions that utilizes it. The discursive and subjectifing effects of the found problem representation leads according to me to depoliticization of the policy area in the material. This in turn has its own issues and limits. In summary gender mainstreaming is not made to make structural change in regional development politics.

Dans le contexte actuel, la transformation de l’outil industriel par l’intermédiaire de nouveaux paradigmes de performance tels qu’Usine du Futur (Factory of the Future FoF), Industry 4.0 (I4.0) ou encore Smart Factory (SF) est au cœur des préoccupations actuelles des industriels. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur la problématique de passage d’une situation spécifique existante (AS-IS) vers une situation cible type Usine du Futur (TO-BE) en prenant en compte la situation souhaitée AS-WISHED et les contraintes de ressources. Dans ce cadre, la principale contribution porte sur une approche reposant sur un modèle de co-évolution permettant de guider ce projet de transition au sein de l’organisation. Sur la base des travaux de Tolio et al. (2010), nous avons proposé un modèle de co-évolution amélioré en intégrant le niveau stratégique, le rôle du système d’information (SI) et celui de la place l’homme. Sur le plan théorique, le nouveau modèle de co-evolution aborde 3 domaines Produit/Production/SI qui sont structurés en deux niveaux d’analyse : externe (stratégique) et interne (structurel). L’ensemble de 6 sous-domaines comportent chacun 3 composants couvrant les choix relatifs à chaque sous-domaine et niveau d’analyse. Sur le plan managérial, la gestion de la co-évolution réside dans la modélisation des ces composants. Ensuite, nous caractérisons des liens de co-évolution existants entre les différents sous-domaines du modèle de co-évolution proposé. La démarche d’exploitation du modèle de co-évolution comporte trois étapes et considère les contraintes opérationnelles et les contraintes dites de co-évolution liées à la gestion des liens ou impacts entrant en jeu dans la co-évolution. Il permet de passer progressivement des modèles AS-IS et AS-WISHED pour aboutir à un modèle TO-BE. / Within the current context, the transformation of industries through new paradigms of performance such as The Factory of the Future (FoF), Industry 4.0 (I 4.0) or even The Smart Factory (SF) is at the heart of the industrials’ current concerns. The present work address the problem of the transition from a specific situation (AS-IS) to a target situation alike FoF (TO-BE) considering the desired situation AS-WISHED and the resources constraints. In this line of action, the main contribution concerns an approach based on a co-evolution model enabling to guide manufacturing industries to perform such a transition. Based on the work of Tolio et al. (2010), we propose an enhanced co-evolution model that integrates the strategic level of decisions, the information system role (IS) and the role of the human workforce. From the theoretical perspective, this new model consists in 3 domains: Product design/ Manufacturing/ IS which are structured into two levels of analysis: external (strategic) and internal (operational). The resulting structure of 6 sub-domains is in turn composed of 3 components covering the decisions related to each sub-domain and level of analysis. From the management perspective, the management of co-evolution relies on the modelling of their components. Hence, we exploit the modelling language constructs of the ISO 19440 (2007) standard for the internal components. Then, we characterize the existing co-evolution links between the different sub-domains of the proposed co-evolution model. At last, a 3 phase approach enabling to exploit the enhanced co-evolution model is proposed. It considers the feasibility constraints and the co-evolution constraints linked to the management of the links or impacts that came into play in the co-evolution. As such, it enables to work out progressively a feasible TO-BE model.

The starting point of this thesis is that gender equality should be studied as an empirical field. After the Swedish general election in 2014 the newly formed government proclaimed itself to be the world’s first feminist government. This study aims to examine how gender equality is made and filled with meaning by this feminist government since 2014 and to analyse the results by making use of postcolonial feminist theory and relevant research. Carol Bacchis analytical strategy, “What´s the problem represented to be?” is used as the study’s methodological framework. This approach to critical policy analysis focuses on how governing takes place through problematizations within policy. The results of the study show that gender equality is made by problematizing a lack of regulation, a lack of knowledge, a lack of collaboration, wrongful designation, a lack of attention for certain groups as well as a lack of Swedish strategy. One of the most significant results drawn from the analyses confirms previous research findings that neoliberalism as well as ethnocentric discourses dominate this field of policy. This leads to the conclusions that Swedish Gender Equality Politics, through to its fragmentation is emptied of a specific content and direction as well as that Swedishness and Norms of Honor are created in an asymmetric-diametrically relationship.

Cette thèse, dans le cadre des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, aborde la question de la protection des données personnelles sur l’internet à travers l’étude des discours de quatre acteurs concernés par ce sujet : les entreprises de l’internet, les instances régulatrices, la population française et la presse nationale. L’objectif est de comprendre comment, à travers les discours de chacun de ces acteurs, se dessinent la question du brouillage des sphères privée et publique sur l’internet. C’est une question qui prend de l’ampleur avec le développement de l’internet, notamment avec la multiplication des réseaux socionumériques, qui offrent aux internautes différentes possibilités pour afficher leur extimité. La multiplication des dispositifs de mise en relation interpersonnelle s'accompagne alors d'une nouvelle dialectique contemporaine entre le privé et le public, pas toujours maîtrisée par les personnes concernées.Cette interaction entre le public et le privé induit un déplacement de la frontière qui sépare les deux sphères et peut entraîner certaines dérives de la part des entreprises spécialisées, telles Google ou Facebook, par rapport à l'agrégation des données personnelles des internautes. En effet, les bases de données sont au cœur du système économique de ces entreprises et ont acquis une valeur marchande liée à des enjeux essentiels par rapport à leur fonctionnement. Or, l’utilisation commerciale des ces données n’est pas nécessairement connue par l’utilisateur et peut être réalisée sans son accord, du moins de manière explicite. Ce double questionnement lié au brouillage des sphères privée et publique, c'est-à-dire, premièrement, l’aspect individuel où l’internaute est incité à dévoiler de plus en plus d’éléments personnels, et, deuxièmement, l’aspect lié à la marchandisation des données par les entreprises de l’internet, engendre alors la question de la confidentialité des données et des libertés individuelles. Les instances régulatrices, que ce soit à l’échelle de la France ou de l’Union Européenne, tentent d’apporter des réponses afin de protéger l’internaute en mettant en place des actions concernant le droit à l’oubli ou en poursuivant juridiquement Google, par exemple, lorsque l’entreprise ne se conforme pas aux lois en vigueur sur le territoire concerné.Les différents angles d’approche ainsi que la diversité des acteurs étudiés ont nécessité la constitution d’un corpus multidimentionnel afin d’avoir une approche comparative des différents représentations. Ce corpus comprend à la fois des textes inscrits comme les discours politiques, les discours des instances régulatrices, les discours des entreprises de l’internet, plus spécifiquement Google et Facebook ou les discours de presse qui occupent une position méta-discursive puisqu’ils se font l’écho des discours des acteurs précédemment énoncés. Il comprend aussi des discours oraux constitués d’entretiens spécialement réalisés dans le cadre de cette recherche auprès d’individus pris au hasard de la population française. Une analyse quantitative des discours entre 2010 et 2013, période contemporaine à la thèse, a permis d’effectuer un premier tri et de ne sélectionner que les discours les plus pertinents par rapport à nos hypothèses. L’analyse qualitative qui a suivi a été basée sur le cadre théorique précédemment élaboré afin de croiser les représentations des acteurs à propos des données personnelles et mettre en évidence les différentes visions inhérentes à cette question. / This thesis, in Communication and Information Sciences, raises the question of the internet personal data protection through the discourses analysis of four actors concerned with this subject: internet companies, authorities regulating, French population and national press. The objective is to understand how, through the discourses of each one of these actors, the question of the jamming of the spheres private and public about the Internet takes shape. It is a question which increases with the development of the Internet, in particular with the multiplication of the social digital network, which gives to the Internet users various opportunities to display their privacy. The multiplication of the interpersonal relationship devices connection is then accompanied by a contemporary dialectical between private and public spheres, not always controlled by concerned people.This interaction between private and public leads to a transfert of the border wich separates the two spheres and can involves some drifts on behalf of specialized companies, such Google and Facebook, toward the aggregation of personal data contents. Indeed, databases are central in the economic system of these companies and gained a commercial value. However, the commercial use as of these data is not necessarily known by the user and can be realized without its agreement, at least in an explicit way. This double questioning related to the jamming of the private and public spheres, i.e., firstly, the individual aspect where the Internet user is incited to reveal personal elements more and more, and, secondly, the related aspect with the selling of the data by the Internet companies, then generates the question of the individual freedom and data confidentiality. The regulating authorities, in France or in European Union, try to provide answers in order to protect the Internet users by setting up actions relating to the right to be forgotten or by prosecuting Google, for example, when the company does not conform to the laws in force on the territory concerned. The various angles of incidence as well as the diversity of the studied actors required the constitution of a multidimentional corpus in order to have a comparative approach of the different representations. This corpus includes texts registered like political discourses, regulating authorities speeches, companies of the Internet speeches, specifically Google and Facebook, or press speeches which occupy a meta-discursive position since they repeat speeches of the actors previously stated. It includes also oral speeches made up of talks especially recorded for this research with some persons taken randomly in the French population. A quantitative analysis of the discourses between 2010 and 2013, contemporary period with the thesis, permit to carry out a first sorting and to select only the most relevant speeches compared to our hypothesis. The qualitative analysis which followed was based on the theoretical framework previously elaborate in order to cross the representations of the actors in connection with the personal data and to highlight the various visions about this question.

Cette thèse s'interroge sur les différentes modalités et sur les fonctions de l'isolement. La chambre d'isolement rencontrée dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques suscite des questionnements concernant l'accueil de la souffrance. Cette souffrance réside dans le fait que le moi du sujet ne trouve pas d'écho dans ce qui l'entoure. Cela produit de la terreur et de l'effroi dans lesquels les éléments du moi butent sur la réalité externe et / ou son monde interne et se diffractent en se morcelant. Les soignants face à la détresse des patients, face à leur propre capacité interne d'accueil et aux moyens qui leur sont alloués imposent, dans certains cas, l'isolement comme réponse. Dans la perspective d'interroger la fonction de l'isolement sans que celle-ci ne soit réduite à son propre champ de référence, une méthode complémentariste s'est avérée un outil indispensable. Pour réinterroger le cadre dans lequel cette fonction est pensée, il paraît opportun d'étudier une pratique d'isolement dans un tout autre contexte. La rencontre imprévue avec le candomblé au Brésil, et son utilisation de la camarinha, offre un vaste champ d'étude. Et la confrontation de deux dispositifs, celui de l'hôpital psychiatrique et celui du candomblé, amène à démontrer, et c'est là l'articulation principale de ce travail, que la fonction de l'isolement participe à la remodélisation du processus hallucinatoire du sujet. Cette confrontation permet d'envisager de nouveaux outils permettant d'accompagner le sujet en isolement, lorsque cela est nécessaire. Seront principalement développées les notions suivantes : la « proposition à être », les « attracteurs vibratiles » et l'« objet prothèse ». / Esta tese se debruça sobre as diferentes modalidades e funções do isolamento. O quarto de isolamento encontrado em hospitais psiquiátricos levanta questões sobre o acolhimento do sofrimento. Este sofrimento reside no fato de que o ego do sujeito não encontra eco em seu entorno. Isso produz terror e susto quando os elementos do ego se chocam com a realidade externa e / ou seu mundo interno e se difratam, fragmentando-se. Os cuidadores, frente à aflição dos pacientes, diante de sua própria capacidade interna de acolhimento e dos recursos de que dispõem, impõem, em alguns casos, o isolamento como resposta. No intuito de investigar a função de isolamento sem que ela seja reduzida a seu próprio campo de referência, o método complementarista revelou-se uma ferramenta indispensável. Para re-examinar o marco em que essa função é pensada, parece apropriado considerar uma prática de isolamento em um contexto diferente. O encontro inesperado com o candomblé no Brasil, e seu uso da camarinha, oferece um vasto campo de estudo. O confronto dos dois dispositivos, o do hospital psiquiátrico e aquele do candomblé, leva a demonstrar – e essa é a principal articulação deste trabalho – que a função do isolamento contribui para a remodelagem do processo alucinatório do sujeito. Essa comparação permite considerar novas ferramentas para acompanhar o sujeito em isolamento, quando isso é necessário. Serão desenvolvidos principalmente os seguintes conceitos: a "proposta de ser" o "atratores vibráteis" e o "objeto prótese". / Esta tese se debruça sobre as diferentes modalidades e funções do isolamento. O quarto de isolamento encontrado em hospitais psiquiátricos levanta questões sobre o acolhimento do sofrimento. Este sofrimento reside no fato de que o ego do sujeito não encontra eco em seu entorno. Isso produz terror e susto quando os elementos do ego se chocam com a realidade externa e / ou seu mundo interno e se difratam, fragmentando-se. Os cuidadores, frente à aflição dos pacientes, diante de sua própria capacidade interna de acolhimento e dos recursos de que dispõem, impõem, em alguns casos, o isolamento como resposta. No intuito de investigar a função de isolamento sem que ela seja reduzida a seu próprio campo de referência, o método complementarista revelou-se uma ferramenta indispensável. Para re-examinar o marco em que essa função é pensada, parece apropriado considerar uma prática de isolamento em um contexto diferente. O encontro inesperado com o candomblé no Brasil, e seu uso da camarinha, oferece um vasto campo de estudo. O confronto dos dois dispositivos, o do hospital psiquiátrico e aquele do candomblé, leva a demonstrar – e essa é a principal articulação deste trabalho – que a função do isolamento contribui para a remodelagem do processo alucinatório do sujeito. Essa comparação permite considerar novas ferramentas para acompanhar o sujeito em isolamento, quando isso é necessário. Serão desenvolvidos principalmente os seguintes conceitos: a "proposta de ser" o "atratores vibráteis" e o "objeto prótese".