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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
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Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 1181 to 1190 of 1274 (0.165 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"pop"" "subject:"oop""
| 1181 |
Zur Rekonstruktion historischer Biodiversität aus archivalischen Quellen: Das Beispiel des Oderbruchs (Brandenburg) im 18. Jahrhundert / The reconstruction of historical biodiversity by archival sources: the example of the Oderbruch floodplain (Brandenburg) in the 18th centuryJakupi, Antje 05 July 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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| 1182 |
Visual attention in primates and for machines - neuronal mechanismsBeuth, Frederik 09 December 2020 (has links)
Visual attention is an important cognitive concept for the daily life of humans, but still not fully understood. Due to this, it is also rarely utilized in computer vision systems. However, understanding visual attention is challenging as it has many and seemingly-different aspects, both at neuronal and behavioral level. Thus, it is very hard to give a uniform explanation of visual attention that can account for all aspects. To tackle this problem, this thesis has the goal to identify a common set of neuronal mechanisms, which underlie both neuronal and behavioral aspects. The mechanisms are simulated by neuro-computational models, thus, resulting in a single modeling approach to explain a wide range of phenomena at once. In the thesis, the chosen aspects are multiple neurophysiological effects, real-world object localization, and a visual masking paradigm (OSM). In each of the considered fields, the work also advances the current state-of-the-art to better understand this aspect of attention itself. The three chosen aspects highlight that the approach can account for crucial neurophysiological, functional, and behavioral properties, thus the mechanisms might constitute the general neuronal substrate of visual attention in the cortex. As outlook, our work provides for computer vision a deeper understanding and a concrete prototype of attention to incorporate this crucial aspect of human perception in future systems.:1. General introduction
2. The state-of-the-art in modeling visual attention
3. Microcircuit model of attention
4. Object localization with a model of visual attention
5. Object substitution masking
6. General conclusion / Visuelle Aufmerksamkeit ist ein wichtiges kognitives Konzept für das tägliche Leben des Menschen. Es ist aber immer noch nicht komplett verstanden, so dass es ein langjähriges Ziel der Neurowissenschaften ist, das Phänomen grundlegend zu durchdringen. Gleichzeitig wird es aufgrund des mangelnden Verständnisses nur selten in maschinellen Sehsystemen in der Informatik eingesetzt. Das Verständnis von visueller Aufmerksamkeit ist jedoch eine komplexe Herausforderung, da Aufmerksamkeit äußerst vielfältige und scheinbar unterschiedliche Aspekte besitzt. Sie verändert multipel sowohl die neuronalen Feuerraten als auch das menschliche Verhalten. Daher ist es sehr schwierig, eine einheitliche Erklärung von visueller Aufmerksamkeit zu finden, welche für alle Aspekte gleichermaßen gilt. Um dieses Problem anzugehen, hat diese Arbeit das Ziel, einen gemeinsamen Satz neuronaler Mechanismen zu identifizieren, welche sowohl den neuronalen als auch den verhaltenstechnischen Aspekten zugrunde liegen. Die Mechanismen werden in neuro-computationalen Modellen simuliert, wodurch ein einzelnes Modellierungsframework entsteht, welches zum ersten Mal viele und verschiedenste Phänomene von visueller Aufmerksamkeit auf einmal erklären kann. Als Aspekte wurden in dieser Dissertation multiple neurophysiologische Effekte, Realwelt Objektlokalisation und ein visuelles Maskierungsparadigma (OSM) gewählt. In jedem dieser betrachteten Felder wird gleichzeitig der State-of-the-Art verbessert, um auch diesen Teilbereich von Aufmerksamkeit selbst besser zu verstehen. Die drei gewählten Gebiete zeigen, dass der Ansatz grundlegende neurophysiologische, funktionale und verhaltensbezogene Eigenschaften von visueller Aufmerksamkeit erklären kann. Da die gefundenen Mechanismen somit ausreichend sind, das Phänomen so umfassend zu erklären, könnten die Mechanismen vielleicht sogar das essentielle neuronale Substrat von visueller Aufmerksamkeit im Cortex darstellen. Für die Informatik stellt die Arbeit damit ein tiefergehendes Verständnis von visueller Aufmerksamkeit dar. Darüber hinaus liefert das Framework mit seinen neuronalen Mechanismen sogar eine Referenzimplementierung um Aufmerksamkeit in zukünftige Systeme integrieren zu können. Aufmerksamkeit könnte laut der vorliegenden Forschung sehr nützlich für diese sein, da es im Gehirn eine Aufgabenspezifische Optimierung des visuellen Systems bereitstellt. Dieser Aspekt menschlicher Wahrnehmung fehlt meist in den aktuellen, starken Computervisionssystemen, so dass eine Integration in aktuelle Systeme deren Leistung sprunghaft erhöhen und eine neue Klasse definieren dürfte.:1. General introduction
2. The state-of-the-art in modeling visual attention
3. Microcircuit model of attention
4. Object localization with a model of visual attention
5. Object substitution masking
6. General conclusion
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| 1183 |
Värmland levande skogar : En jämförande fallstudie om hur kommunerna Sunne och Karlstad implementerar det svenska miljömålet Levande skogar i deras samhällsplanering. / Värmlands living forests : A comparative case study of how the municipalities Sunne and Karlstad implement the Swedish climate goal Living forests in their urban planningEnqvist, Patricia January 2022 (has links)
Genom Agenda 2030 skapades Sveriges 16 miljömål och ett av dessa miljömål uppnås inte i dagsläget är målet Levande skogar. Trots befintliga åtgärder har miljömålet en fortsatt negativ utveckling, för att bevara skogens biologiska och kulturella värden krävs förstärkta åtgärder och styrmedel. En kommunal nivå är viktig för implementeringen av miljömålet genom samhällsplanering. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur Sunne och Karlstad kommun prioriterar och värderar skogen i deras samhällsplanering genom att genomföra en jämförande fallstudie och analysera utifrån en syntetisk top-down/bottom-up teoretisk implementeringsmodell och även granska likheter och skillnader mellan detaljplanerna. Uppsatsens frågeställningar följer: • Reflekteras de politiska argumenten angående miljömålet levande skogar genom implementeringsprocessen inom stadsplanering? • Finns ett tydligt arbete i planeringsprocessen i Sunne och Karlstad kommun som strävar efter att uppnå miljömålet levande skogar? • Vilka prioriteringar inom samhällsplanering görs i förmån till skogen i Sunne och Karlstad kommun? Studiens resultat visar att implementeringsprocessen inom stadsplanering påverkas av de politiska argumenten angående miljömålet Levande skogar. Samarbetet mellan olika nivåer inom implementeringen som involverar organisationer och aktörer från ett beslutande av en policy till genomförandet på lokal nivå är viktigt för hur det sedan implementeras i samhällsplaneringen. Policyn för Levande skogar diskuteras inte specifikt i någon av detaljplanerna, men flera delar av planerna berör ändå detta policyområde. Det finns flera likheter och skillnader mellan detaljplanerna i Sunne och Karlstad kommun när det gäller arbetet med frågor kopplade till natur och skog. I Sunne kommun finns det en tydlig prioritering av att bevara skogen och dess naturvärden. I Karlstad kommun genomförs skogliga åtgärder för att utveckla trygghet, upplevelse, funktion och trivsel för människor, djur och växtlighet i tätortsnära skog enligt kommunen. / Through Agenda 2030, Sweden developed 16 environmental goals. One of these environmental goals that are currently not reached is the Living Forests goal. Despite existing measures, the goal has continued negative development. To preserve the forest's biological and cultural values, strengthened measures and instruments are required. The municipal level is essential for implementing the environmental objective through community planning. The case study's intent is to develop a deeper understanding of how the municipalities of Sunne and Karlstad prioritize and value the forest in their urban planning. Conducting a comparative case study and analysing based on a synthetic top-down/bottom-up theoretical implementation model and reviewing similarities and differences between the detailed plans. The case study's questions follow: • Are the political arguments regarding the environmental goal of living forests reflected through the implementation process in urban planning? • Is the work evident in the planning process in Sunne and Karlstad municipalities that strive to achieve the environmental goal of living forests? • What priorities in urban planning are made in favour of the forest in Sunne and Karlstad municipalities? The results show that the implementation process in urban planning is influenced by the political arguments regarding the environmental goal of Living Forests. The cooperation between different levels within the implementation that involves organizations and actors, from the decision of a policy to the implementation at the local level, is essential for how it implements in community planning. The Living Forests policy is not addressed in any of the detailed plans, but several parts of both plans still touch on this policy area. There are several similarities and differences between the detailed planning documents in both municipalities regarding the work with topics connected to nature and forests. Sunne municipality has a clear priority to preserve the forest and its natural values. In Karlstad municipality, forestry measures are carried out to develop safety, experience, function, and well-being for people, animals, and vegetation in forests close to urban areas, according to the municipality.
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| 1184 |
Gender issues in management promotions in the health services: a Malawian perspectiveChirwa, Maureen Leah 28 February 2002 (has links)
This study sought to explore gender issues affecting management promotions in Malawi's
health care services, utilising both qualitative and quantitative techniques in data collection
and analysis. Promotion patterns were compared and contrasted for male and female
managers.
The study was based on the assumptions that
• both men and women were aware of experiences that affected their promotion
opportunities
• promotion patterns showed fewer variations than did cultural, social and gender
factors
• male prejudices were maintained which oppressed women's promotions
• increased decision-making power lowered stress about professional growth and
development
The findings supported the first two assumptions, but not the last two. The findings
suggested that males and females encountered similar experiences concerning managerial
promotions in Malawi's health care services. Factors that enhanced management successes for both males and females included
management orientation and mentorship. Unclear promotion policies and procedures
hindered management promotions. Information derived from this research could enable
policy-makers to establish an environment that increases supportive networks and
interactions between male and female managers in Malawi. Furthermore, to ensure equal
opportunities in the health care services management, monitoring strategies by Malawi's
Ministry of Gender, the Department of Human Resources Management and Development,
and the Ministry of Health and Population need to be established and implemented. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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| 1185 |
The form and communicative impact of Shona advertisements: a discourse analytical approachDube, Shumirai 29 February 2008 (has links)
This study sought to investigate and to record any recurring patterns in the form and communicative impact of Shona advertisements. Motivation to carry out the study came from a realisation of a growing interest in using the Shona language for advertising and the fact that very few studies have been done on Shona advertisements. For methodology, examples of Shona advertisements were qualitatively analysed using some communications and discourse analysis approaches of the speech act theory and text linguistics. A structured interview with advertising agencies randomly selected and a questionnaire on the impact of advertisements were also used. The findings of the research included that Shona was used in advertisements in order to reach out to the majority of the Zimbabwean population. In addition, Shona was also found to have been developed enough to handle formal issues like advertisements. This finding further shows that Shona advertisements reflect an instance of diglossia leakage from Shona L(ow) to Shona H(igh). Another finding is that Shona advertisements reflect some characteristics of the Shona speech community in form. These include code-switching, slang and word- division problems. An innovation in code-switching noted in some Shona advertisements is the use of three languages, namely, English, Shona and Ndebele in one advertisement. It was also established that everything about the elements of Shona advertisements communicate. For instance, the message may be visual, tactile and olfactory. It also emerged that the Shona commercial advertisements had a presenting and a hidden agenda at the same time. To achieve this the advertisements used persuasive techniques such as advertising claims, cultural hooks and personalities as spokespersons. It was also noted that most readers of advertisements do not interpret them up to the hidden persuaders but end with the direct meaning. On the other hand the Shona advertisements that gave information such as health issues have no hidden agenda. One recommendation made is that advertisements be read and studied to raise the level of awareness about the persuasive techniques used in order to distinguish between misleading advertising and those that give useful information. Some recommendations were made for future research such as carrying out similar studies of informal Shona advertisements, advertisements by n'angas/inyangas (traditional healers), prophets and political campaigns. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)
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| 1186 |
The experiences of registered nurses involved in termination of pregnancy at Soshanguve Community Health CentreMamabolo, Lekwetji Redibone Catherine 30 June 2006 (has links)
The legalising of abortion in many countries has given women the choice or right to decide to terminate pregnancy. The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (Act No 92 of 1996) was promulgated in 1997. This legislation promotes reproductive rights including to choose between having an unwanted pregnancy terminated early, safely and legally. The legislation affects both the women who choose to terminate pregnancy and the staff involved in the termination of pregnancy (TOP) procedures.
This exploratory, descriptive and contextual qualitative study was designed to gain insight into the experiences of registered nurses in the procedure for termination of pregnancy and to explore recommendations based on these experiences. The researcher adopted a phenomenological approach.
Participants were drawn from registered nurses providing TOP services at Soshanguve Community Health Centre near Pretoria. Registered nurses have the right to refuse to participate in TOP, those that do provide the service are exposed to emotional and psychological trauma. / Health Studies / M.A.
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| 1187 |
Gender issues in management promotions in the health services : a Malawian perspectiveChirwa, Maureen Leah 02 1900 (has links)
This study sought to explore gender issues affecting management promotions in Malawi's
health care services, utilising both qualitative and quantitative techniques in data collection
and analysis. Promotion patterns were compared and contrasted for male and female
managers.
The study was based on the assumptions that
• both men and women were aware of experiences that affected their promotion
opportunities
• promotion patterns showed fewer variations than did cultural, social and gender
factors
• male prejudices were maintained which oppressed women's promotions
• increased decision-making power lowered stress about professional growth and
development
The findings supported the first two assumptions, but not the last two.
The findings suggested that males and females encountered similar experiences concerning managerial
promotions in Malawi's health care services.
Factors that enhanced management successes for both males and females included
management orientation and mentorship. Unclear promotion policies and procedures
hindered management promotions. Information derived from this research could enable
policy-makers to establish an environment that increases supportive networks and
interactions between male and female managers in Malawi. Furthermore, to ensure equal
opportunities in the health care services management, monitoring strategies by Malawi's
Ministry of Gender, the Department of Human Resources Management and Development,
and the Ministry of Health and Population need to be established and implemented. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)
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| 1188 |
Die rol van die Franse ministeriele cabinet : 'n vertolkingAuriacombe, Christelle Jeanette 06 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / In die politieke en administratiewe stelsel van Frankryk bestaan die ministeriele
cabinet as 'n instelling eiesoortig aan Frankryk, met die doel om ministers
individueel in stoat te stel om die politieke wil van die regering ten uitvoer te
bring. Die gesag van die cabinets is kontroversieel en word enersyds geprys en
andersyds gekritiseer.
Die Franse ministeriele cabinet neem die plek in van 'n permanente
departementshoof. en bestaan uit 'n groep persoonlike personeel wot aan
elke minister verbonde is. Sy funksie is om horn te ondersteun en te adviseer
sodat hy 'n ingeligte oordeel kan fel voordat hy besluite neem, en ook om te
verseker dot sy beleid geformuleer, verduidelik en uitgevoer word.
Die ministeriele cabinet was oorspronklik 'n politieke instelling wot in die
algemeen uit politieke bondgenote van die minister bestaan het. In die Vyfde
Republiek het dit egter ontwikkel tot 'n formele instelling. Dit het 'n
onontbeerlike rol begin speel om die skakeling van die politieke stelsel met die
administratiewe stelsel te bewerkstellig en ko6rdinering te verseker.
Net soos die ministers, funksioneer die cabinets op daardie kruispunte waar
verskeie politieke en administratiewe instellings met mekaar skakel. Hulle vervul
gevolglik 'n sleutelrol om skakeling te fasiliteer en samewerking te bewerkstellig.
Ministeriele cabinets verbind dus die politieke partye, die Parlement,
belangegroepe en drukgroepe met ministeries (staatsdepartemente) as
uiNoerende instellings.
In hierdie proefskrif word die funksionering van die cabinets ontleed en hulle
besondere rol in die Franse politieke en administratiewe stelsel vertolk.
Die skrywer het bevind dot, waar cabinets effektief funksioneer, hulle
doelmatige en doeltreffende meganismes is om die verhouding tussen die
politieke en administratiewe stelsel in die bree te versterk tot voordeel van goele
regering. Cabinets wot egter nie effektief funksioneer nie, lei tot 'n verswakking
in die verhoudinge in en tussen ministeries met nadelige gevolge vir die regering.
Voorts is bevind dot die cabinets 'n belangrike rol vervul om die kloof tussen die
minister en die amptenare in sy ministerie te oorbrug. 'n Cabinet kan dus 'n
minister se loopbaan bevorder of benadeel. / The French political and administrative system includes the ministerial cabinet,
a uniquely French institution that exists with the purpose of enabling individual
ministers to execute the political will of the government. The authority of the
cabinets is either praised or criticised.
The French ministerial cabinet substitutes for a permanent head of a
deportment, and consists of a group of personal staff serving each minister. Its
function is to support and advise him, in order to enable him to make informed
judgements before taking decisions, and also to ensure that his policy is
formulated. clarified and executed.
In its original form the ministerial cabinet was a political institution, generally
consisting of political allies of the minister. However. in the Fifth Republic it was
transformed into a formal institution. It acquired an indispensable role in
effecting liaison and co-ordination of the political system with the administrative
system.
The cabinets, like the ministers, function at the intersections of political and
administrative institutions. Thus they play a key role in facilitating liaison. Hence.
ministerial cabinets link the political parties, Parliament, interest groups and
pressure groups, with the ministries (state deportments) as executive institutions.
This thesis consists of an analysis of the functioning of cabinets, and interprets
their particular role in the French political and administrative system.
The author has found that where cabinets function as efficient and effective
mechanisms, they strengthen the relationship of the political and administrative
systems in general to the advantage of good governance. Ineffective cabinets,
however. impair the relations within and among ministries to the disadvantage
of the government. It has also been established that cabinets play an
important role in bridging the gap between the minister and the officials in his
ministry. A cabinet can thus improve or damage a minister's career. / Public Administration and Management / D. Litt. et Phil. (Publieke Administrasie)
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| 1189 |
The place of community values within community-based conservation : the case of Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape TownFoot, Shelley 24 October 2013 (has links)
The most contemporary approach to biodiversity conservation within South Africa is that of
community-based initiatives, which seek to combine biodiversity conservation with socioeconomic
development. As a challenge to the Western, science laden approaches to
conservation there is an increasing need for community initiatives to reflect the values of
local communities.
Values of local communities and the management body, CapeNature, with regards to
Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town, were captured and analytically coded through the
qualitative methods of interviewing and participant observation in order to develop a
grounded theory and model.
A discussion of the expressed values suggests that community-based conservation
initiatives are doing little to include community values even though there is a large degree of
agreement between these and corporate values. As such, it is questioned whether
community-based conservation can be practised within an organisation which, due to
procedures and protocols, is top-down in its approach. / Geography / M. Sc. (Geography)
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| 1190 |
事業部制組織型態之研究鄭進源, Zheng, Jin-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
事業部制組織型態，係一種集權管制、分權管理的組織型態。將組織的利潤責任（P-
rofit Responsibility）劃分給若干獨立自主的事業部門（Divisions ），各事業部
門分別擁有獨自的產品與市場，而將其經營活動所產生的盈虧損益向企業最高管理當
局（Top management）負責；最高管理當局得以客觀的立場，根據各事業部門的營運
損益，衡量並評估其經營績效與成果，同時，加強各事業部門之間的協調與聯繫，掌
握對各事業部門的指揮、監督與控制之權，使企業本身得以維持並鞏固其完整性與統
一性。
本論文計十萬字，共分六章，第一章為緒論，說明撰寫本論文之動機與目的、方法與
範圍。第二章為事業部制的組織型態，說明事業部制的概念與組織型態的界定，並結
合組織的基本型態，以探討事業部制的組織型態。第三章為事業部制組織型態的採行
與設計，從﹁分化﹂的觀點，探討採行的原因與條件，從而檢討其分化設計。第四章
為事業部制組織型態的管理與運作，從﹁整合﹂的觀點，探討集權管制的措施。從理
論轉為整合制度。第五章為個案分析，以美國通用汽車公司（GM）與台塑關係企業例
，說明其所採之事業部制的實際運作情形，並以之與理論上的探討作一對照的分析。
第六章為結論，指出事業部制組織型態所面臨的問題及改進的建議。
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